Marcelo Amaral

International internships as learning method have gained attention in the business and management education. While a number of studies have well established the benefits and challenges of this learning approach across countries and study-programs, more recent research takes a critical instance towards internships as learning form. An emerging criticism is that internships sacrifice theoretical development for practice and experiential learning. This criticism is closely connected to the current gap on the “black-box” of internships abroad, as extant research has gaps on the pedagogical elements required to connect internships with the broader theoretical elements of the programs in international business. To address this gap, the present study tackles two complementary research questions: i) How to design and implement problem-based international internships in business education? ii) What requirements do this combination of two active-learning experiences in business education demand for both small business school, partner HEI and hosting organizations? The paper presents a pedagogical action research which developed two courses for international internships in business in a Norwegian-Brazilian perspective for bachelor and master students. The results of the study is a validated teaching framework which argues for international internships which are connected to loosely defined problems at the host organization, which the student will self-scope and connect through the theoretical baggage she/he counts with from other courses. The framework has also practical applications for teaching and administrative staff interested to develop international internship programs at home universities, and require more guidelines about how to connect the practical aspects, well known in the literature with the teaching-learning aspects of international internships

This paper is an in-memoriam homage to the eminent scholar Loet Leydesdorff written by some of his close research partners, including Triple Helix Journal's editors and Triple Helix Association’s representative. It revisits Loet Leydesdorff's main legacies, concerning those considered fundamental for comprehending the present challenges and opportunities posed by various kinds of innovation in our society. Particularly, it attempts to recuperate some of his seminal contributions, such as the triple helix model, the complex and dynamic relations of actors in innovation systems, measurement of Triple Helix synergies. Additionally, we highlight that beyond being a prolific writer and brilliant scholar, Loet was a humble person and a vital element of the community created around Triple Helix ideas.

PURPOSE - The objective of this study was to identify if actors’ role in Quadruple and Quintuple Helix in consolidated Brazilian Science and Technology Parks aligns with Carayannis and Campbell’s (2009) proposition in their seminal paper. DESIGN / METHODOLOGY / APPROACH - We carried out multiple case studies in three consolidated Science and Technology Parks (STPs). We collected data from primary (interviews and field notes) and secondary sources (documents), and used them for data triangulation. As to data treatment, we used content analysis by frequency and topic. FINDINGS OR EXPECTED OUTCOMES - The three STPs studied have different ways of defining the Quadruple Helix (QH), but converge in their reports on the Quintuple Helix. All of them can see society concretely, either through associations, collectives or communities, or even through a single identity, such as Pacto Alegre. Distinctions in representing society can result from the maturity of environments, cultural aspects of localities, and their formation history. On the other hand, Quintuple Helix is not seen as an actor, but is noticed in sustainability actions and as a driver, represented by disseminating business impact at Tecnopuc and Porto Digital. The managers of Tecnopuc and Porto Digital also see the collectives as civil society’s representatives. Collectives have a solid role in the mobilization of the ecosystem, with challenges regarding their form of governance, renewal, and engagement, which QH representatives confirmed. These groups, led by young people, assumed roles very similar to those of the association, leading entrepreneurs to question bureaucratic structures and their value. At Porto Digital, the associations got closer to the collectives, joining forces and preventing actors from destroying themselves. Carayannis and Campbell’s (2009) perception can be seen in the collectives and in Pacto Alegre, present at Porto Digital and Tecnopuc. Collectives are a representation of society, comprised by citizens in mutual support, which strengthen each day and foster a cultural revolution supported by digital transformation. In addition, members of the collectives hold different positions in society, which reinforces their representation, showing a more active society. Collectives contribute to the ecosystem by bringing a new view to the processes, raising necessary topics for the ecosystem, besides contributing to a process of digital change that society undergoes. Regarding Pacto Alegre, society is represented by several entities from different spheres, that come together to contribute to the process of transforming the city into a world reference for innovation. ORIGINALITY / VALUE - This study clarifies QH representation, by identifying actors and ways of strengthening STPs, through the different perceptions of STP managers and helix representatives. In the Quintuple Helix, the study adds on the perception of environmental sustainability as a basis, and focuses on disseminating companies through impact businesses. The role of QH can be drivers for other STPs, and even for those that we studied. Finally, the paper shows an active society, with voice to mobilize public policies and review how STPs operate. Thus, society ceases to be a basis and becomes a strong actor for mobilization and connection. In addition, the study explains that associations cannot represent the Quadruple Helix, since they represent companies that are already part of the Triple Helix. PRACTICAL / SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS - We only noticed the Quadruple Helix described in that seminal paper in the collectives and in Pacto Alegre, present in two of the STPs examined. The study also shows an active society capable of fostering public policies and reviewing how Science and Technology Parks act, going from a foundation to a strong actor that mobilizes the ecosystem. DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH / LIMITATIONS - Limitations of the study include the lack of approach to new actors’ relationships, how STPs are connected to society, characterization of these environments’ formation, and how companies see the new actors. To fill this gap, we suggest that future studies seek to understand how the shape of environments can influence the definition of society’s representation, what are the primary relationships established by the new helices, besides identifying other forms of sustainability perception.

Purpose This study aims to analyze the practices and relationships of companies established in Science and Technology Parks (STPs) as drivers of the quadruple and quintuple helix (QQH) and the determinants for aligning with the future vision of STPs. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a survey of companies associated with consolidated STPs and used the Structural Equation Model technique to predict such relationships. Findings The results showed a positive relationship between the QQH and the Future Vision of STPs, in addition to the relevance of collectives as representatives of the quadruple helix (QH). Research limitations/implications Collectives are a recent phenomenon and require longitudinal studies on their performance in innovation environments. Practical implications Companies that are part of collectives are the actors of the QH. Social implications The role of collectives in aligning with the future vision of STPs should be considered. Collectives reflect ...

Title: Evaluation of Innovation Environment Management: Application of Amaral's model for innovation environment management (AMIEM) in Technology Parks of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Study goal: The main objective of this work was to apply the AMIEM model in Science, Technology and Innovation Parks in operation and in implementation in the Rio de Janeiro State, in order to evaluate their management. Procedures / Method to solve the problem: To achieve the article goal, the methodology of multiple cases study was applied. As data collection tools, a bibliographic and documentary research was used, which allowed the construction of the theoretical reference and descriptions of the study objects. The method adopted to perform the analysis and discussion of the results was Content Analysis, structured into categories of analysis that allowed a discussion of the objects, under the theoretical framework. After Content Analysis application, the AMIEM Model was applied. Results: The re...

This paper seeks to understand the behavior of managers when using the fund supply card at IFMT. Based on the understanding of the main barriers to the use of the fund supply card in the institution, the present research had the purpose of identifying the resistance to the use of the instrument and suggesting incentive actions aimed at expanding its practical use in the IFMT. It is a study of an applied nature of the descriptive and exploratory type as to the objective and that will use as a technical procedure the survey of data and opinion. This data collection will be done through a questionnaire and interviews with the employees who are or could be operationally involved in the process of supplying funds from the 20 IFMT units and analysis of their management reports verifying the incidence of the use of the supply card funds. The treatment of the information used a qualitative approach, in which the primary data will refer to the questionnaire and the interviews with the employ...

The innovation environments known as technology parks represent a worldwide phenomenon as agents of promotion of scientific and technological development and consequently of economic and social development. Despite different typologies, legal models and governance, there is a consensus in the literature and with managers that the first and noblest function of a technology park is to induce economic development, through technological innovation achieved through the interaction between companies and knowledge-generating institutions. It is also known the complexity of the management and operation of a technology park, involving several stakeholders with different interests and objectives and requiring high financial investments. Given this framework, the question is how to establish technology parks so that these are successful enterprises and development promoters? In this context, this work aimed to present a conceptual model on the management of technology parks that considers the ...

No limiar do vigésimo ano do novo século e milênio, um grande conjunto de mudanças é sentida em nossa sociedade, tanto em nível nacional quanto em âmbito global. O aprofundamento da transformação digital, iniciada há quarenta anos, as crises políticas e econômicas dos estados-nações, refutam completamente a ideia do fim da historia e da hegemonia norte-americana, abrindo espaço para uma nova dualidade ocidente-oriente. Nesse contexto, pensar o papel do Brasil em sua inserção na política internacional e nas cadeias globais de valor é essencial. Entretanto, pouca discussão tem sido feita sobre tais temas para se definir uma estratégia nacional. Em paralelo, discussões importantes sobre a configuração e financiamento dos entes de C&T&I do país foram trazidas à tona sem o devido cuidado e vêm gerando uma série de desconfortos e pânicos sobre o futuro de nossas instituições. Ao mesmo tempo que os setores mais dinâmicos da economia aceleram sua integração internacional, outros vão ficando...

O artigo estuda a Região do Triângulo da Pesquisa (RTR), uma área de desenvolvimento econômico no estado da Carolina do Norte, EUA. O RTR compreende dois parques tecnológicos principais: o Research Triangle Park e o Centennial Campus da Universidade Estadual da Carolina do Norte. Foi aplicado o Modelo Amaral para Gestão de Ambientes de Inovação (AMIEM) aos parques da RTR e foram discutidos aspectos do desenvolvimento regional sob o prisma da gestão da inovação, além da adequação do modelo como uma ferramenta para avaliar ambientes complexos. O método de pesquisa é descritivo e exploratório. A pesquisa de campo, realizada durante os anos de 2016 e 2017, envolveu revisão de literatura, coleta de documentos e entrevistas semiestruturadas. O AMIEM é um modelo quali-quanti com onze fatores para medir o nível de maturidade das relações do tipo Triple Helix entre atores da academia (produtores de conhecimento), do setor produtivo de bens e serviços (produtores e usuários de conhecimento) e...

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o levantamento do clima organizacional dos servidores técnico-administrativos da Faculdade de Administração e Ciências Contábeis - FACC, unidade da Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF no município de Niterói (RJ). O estudo buscou identificar pontos de possível intervenção, objetivando a resolução de problemas e contribuir para a melhoria no grau de satisfação dos servidores. Para este fim, foi aplicada uma pesquisa de clima organizacional através de questionário englobando seis variáveis organizacionais. Concluiu-se que as variáveis “F – O trabalho realizado / Condições Físicas de Trabalho”, “A-Gestão” e “D – Comunicação / Relacionamento Interpessoal / Integração” apresentaram bons resultados, evidenciando características desejáveis para a organização, enquanto a variável “C – Treinamento/Desenvolvimento/Carreira” foi a que apresentou pior resultado, seguida pelas variáveis “E – Reconhecimento/Valorização dos Funcionários” e “B – Sal...

This study presents the evolution of the Triple Helix thematic using social network analysis. Our research covered 1,122 publications from the Web of Science database between 1995 and 2022. To analyze the data, we adopted the CiteSpace software, from which we interpreted the general properties of the co-citation network and the countries’ network. We also explored a set of nodes’ centralities to identify relevant publications and countries. The results showed two trends related to the literature relevance across different innovation systems. The first one is a possible theoretical replacement by authors who publish mainly about relationships between entities in economically developed countries that are leaders in innovation, whose research migrated from the Triple Helix model to the Quadruple Helix model. The second trend relates to the studies’ continuity based on the prior model by authors investigating innovation systems in less advanced technological ecosystems with newborn or y...

This study aims to identify the transformations from the structural and political point of view at the Fluminense Federal University (UFF) toward an Entrepreneurial University. To this end, the degree of UFF’s evolution and maturity will be verified as such. We then expect to recommend actions to accelerate the institution's evolution in this direction. The authors carried out exploratory research with a qualitative approach to achieve the defined objectives. A review of the literature was carried out, using bibliometric analysis techniques, in themes like Entrepreneurial University and university-company interaction, based on Web of Science, Scopus, and Scielo publications. Primary data generation was done with a survey forwarded to two groups of people. The first group, formed by UFF’s undergraduate courses coordinators, managers of the institution and some of its departments and academic units, and professors who had critical experiences related to the theme, received the research through direct e-mail. The second group responded through a social network platform in a group of university professors to identify structural and political transformations at the University. The analysis of the information collected allowed the application of the model developed by Oliveira and Amaral (Gestão nos Institutos Federais de Educação: experiências e aplicações, PPGA/UFF, 2020) to understand the UFF’s evolution stage as an entrepreneurial institution. As a result, the professors of the institution have relatively low knowledge regarding the theme and the mechanisms to support innovation, both at the federal level and at the institution itself, while there is a good performance of interaction activities. With the application of the Oliveira-Amaral maturity assessment model, it was possible to position the institution at level 2 on a scale from 0 to 6, which means a low entrepreneurial positioning. The sampling for the survey was defined by convenience, without a statistical basis. This selection was made to enable the research by sending the survey to a sample of the accessible population. This research takes a picture of the current moment of UFF regarding what would lead to it being understood as an Entrepreneurial University. According to the Oliveira-Amaral Model, it brings the institution’s current needs and, from the application of this model, combined with the poll answered by a sample of the institution’s professors, actions are indicated to solve such needs. Furthermore, understanding a lack of knowledge by UFF regarding Federal Laws and Norms to support innovation, two conceptual frameworks on the subject are presented.KeywordsEntrepreneurial UniversityMaturity modelUniversity–company interaction.

Purpose This study aims to examine the evolution of three science, technology and innovation parks (STIPs) located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from the perspective of the university–industry–government linkages. Design/methodology/approach This is a multiple case study organized in two stages: first, bibliographic and documentary research to develop a theoretical framework and description of the innovation environments; and second, interviews and forms filling with 13 managers and stakeholders, combined with participant observation. The analysis and assessment of the evolution of each environment are based on a tool named Amaral’s Model for Innovation Environment Management (AMIEM). Findings There are critical issues for the development of STIPs, namely, governance structure, government participation and the relationship with knowledge sources such as universities. The time of existence is not a significant factor in reaching evolution. Although common factors are presen...

ABSTRACT The literature on international business teaching has contributed to the development of international internships as a learning pedagogy through three key areas: making sense of the students’ developed competences and prospective added employment value following their participation in international internships, the role of support structures in the organization of internships abroad, and more recently the pedagogical design of internships abroad. Thus, more recent research has taken a critical stance toward internships as a learning form, as serious gaps exist in the pedagogical elements required to connect internships with the broader theoretical elements of international business programs. The present study addresses these gaps through two research questions: i) How can educators design and implement problem-based international internships in business education? ii) What adjustments does the combination of these two active learning experiences in business education demand for small business schools, partner universities, and hosting organizations? The paper presents pedagogical action research that was conducted over two courses for international business internships in a Norwegian-Brazilian context for bachelor’s and master’s students. It contributes to the international business teaching literature in the following ways: First, the validated teaching framework argues for international internships that are linked to loosely defined problems at the host organization, which the student self-scopes and connects based on their theoretical knowledge from other courses. Second, by providing an in-depth discussion of problem-based learning and its applicability in international business practicums, we address the existing gap in the field regarding the pedagogical foundations of how students connect theory to practice during international internships. Third, the framework serves as a practical guideline for teaching and administrative staff who wish to develop international internship programs at home universities, supporting their ability to connect the practical aspects established in the literature with the additional organizational requirements arising from working with hosting organizations overseas.

Purpose This study aims to focus on the entrepreneurial education and profile in undergraduate business administration programs in Brazil, particularly in the southern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Assuming that the entrepreneurial profile can be developed by teaching and learning processes. Design/methodology/approach The research performed qualitative approach through interviews and a quantitative approach using multiple criteria decision-making methods. Data were collected along 2015 in a survey with a population of 412 students from three high education institutions (HEIs) and analyzed using the analytic hierarchy process with ratings. Findings The study has found that the key entrepreneurial trait for all groups was the ability to “plan”. Other relevant dimensions were “self-realization”, “innovative” and “leader”. The dimensions “risk taking” and “sociability” were considered not important in the opinion of all groups. Practical implications The entrepreneurial profil...

Este artigo analisa a evolução e a tendência do desenvolvimento econômico da Região do Vale do Paraíba Fluminense (RVP-RJ), bem como o papel de instituições locais no desenvolvimento regional. Foram realizadas 34 entrevistas com: secretários municipais de desenvolvimento econômico, lideranças empresariais e lideranças de universidades públicas da RVP-RJ. Os resultados indicam a expressiva capacidade do poder público local em atrair novos investimentos para a região, ao mesmo tempo em que não consegue estabelecer uma política de longo prazo que possa diminuir a dependência que a RVP-RJ tem do grande capital externo para o seu desenvolvimento econômico. Além disto, há uma tendência histórica de deslocamento das atividades econômicas para fora da RVP-RJ, em direção ao estado de São Paulo. Como ações para reverter este processo pode se enfatizar o fomento às capacitações endógenas da região, como o empreendedorismo e a inovação, a articulação de um plano de ação que promova a região com...

Este é um estudo de caso realizado na Região do Vale do Paraíba Fluminense (RVP-RJ) com o objetivo de analisar suas perspectivas econômicas e a atuação do poder público local no desenvolvimento regional. Na revisão são abordados o desenvolvimento regional, o novo papel da universidade no desenvolvimento econômico e a evolução econômica da RVP-RJ. Dentre os resultados alcançados destacam-se a tendência de deslocamento econômico das regiões econômicas mais dinâmicas da RVP-RJ em direção ao estado de São Paulo e a ausência de políticas locais que visem diminuir a dependência da RVP-RJ dos investimentos do grande capital, externo à região.

In the nineties, the research technology institutes have been facing, several structural changes as follows: 1) the subject related do the integration to one national innovation system, 2) the impact of the changes in the international environment; and 3) the intensity and pervasiveness of technological changes. This work has as its main purpose the objective to analyze how are being directed the R&D activities carried out at the Electric Energy Research Center (CEPEL), in the face of the current transformations occurring inside and outside the country. The present work indicates some changes at the management and technology strategy levels, as: 1) the consolidation of a new management model adapted to the structural changes; 2) the definition of medium and long term strategies, due the privatization; 3) the introduction of performance indicators; and 4) the definition of several instruments of funding, resource generation, the exploration strategy and the results appropriation. How...

Este artigo apresenta uma visão sintética sobre a metodologia convencional de gestão de projetos. Estruturado a partir do PMBOK (2) leva em conta os seguintes aspectos: a gestão, o ciclo de vida, o contexto, a metodologia de gestão e as áreas de conhecimento. Por fim, comenta-se a Central de Gestão de Projetos. 1. OS PROJETOS E A GESTÃO DE PROJETOS É preciso observar que, de maneira geral, o trabalho dentro das organizações é executado por pessoas, restringido por recursos limitados, planejado, executado e controlado. Este trabalho pode ser classificado como atividades continuadas ou projetos. Enquanto um projeto termina quando os objetivos propostos são alcançados, as operações continuadas, quando atingem seus objetivos, criam um novo grupo de objetivos e o trabalho continua. A palavra projeto é ambígua, pois pode-se referir ao resultado de certo processo ou ao processo em si, o projeto é ao mesmo tempo projetar e construir um prédio: tem-se o projeto do prédio, que é sua planta, e...

This paper discusse the evaluation of business incubators (BI) and science, technology and innovation parks (STIPs). The concept of maturity is presented as a way to measure internal development and effectiveness as a technology transfer mechanism. The study, executed in 2010, is based on a literature review, 3 evaluation methods were synthesized: 11 factor model, Estrategigram and CERNE. The resulting model was applied in 5 case studies in Brazil: the Technological Park of the City of Sao José dos Campos; the Center for Support Technological Development at University of Brasília (CDT/UNB); the Institute Gênesis at Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), the incubator of the Coordination of Graduate Courses and Research in Engineering (COPPE) at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); and the incubator of Fluminense Federal University (UFF). The empirical findings are useful to analyze these environments independently and compare them through a score based o...

This paper discusses subject from the quotidian of regional economic development. The questions emerge from the insertion of technology innovation or its diffusion in the environment where actors from three spheres interact - academic, government and industrial. As a tool viable to identify and analyze these questions was created a theoretical framework that joins concepts, methodologies and practices from different fields of knowledge. The paper is structured in three sessions with the objective, from a merger of technology innovation management concepts and project management practice, to discuss questions about the application of this methodology in the environment of Triple Helix relationships. The first session presents a proposed methodology to manage projects oriented to create technology innovations. The second session identifies three relevant questions in the management of this kind of project. The final session is a discussion based on initial results of the research.

O Petrópolis Tecnópolis é um movimento que visa o desenvolvimento social e econômico da região serrana do estado do Rio de Janeiro através do crescimento e da atração de empresas e instituições de base tecnológica para a formação de uma tecnópolis. O objetivo do artigo é fazer um relato da experiência do Movimento Petrópolis Tecnópolis entre 1999 e 2006. A trajetória de criação do Movimento Petrópolis Tecnópolis pode ser divida, de forma arbitrária para fins de estudo, em três fases. A primeira fase, entre 1998 e 2000, apresenta a sua gênese a partir de diversos movimentos distintos. Entre 2001 e 2003, fase na qual o projeto se consolida mas sua governança é bem centralizada. Por fim, entre 2003 e 2006, há nova mudança através da apresentação clara do interesse dos empresários locais em assumir a governança. O trabalho está estruturado em três partes: introdução, relato do caso e considerações finais. Na introdução, são apresentados o objeto, o objetivo e a justificativa do trabalho...

The research technology institutes located at developing countries were created in the sixties and seventies as centralized laboratories, as a mean to improve the economic development. In the Brazilian case, the purpose of these institutions was to adapt the foreign technologies and to dominate the industrial process progressively, so that they could act as a technology repository for the industrial sector. In the nineties, the changes in the country's political and economic context, the privatization and the regulation policies affected these institutes, pushing them to the "search for a market" for the results of the R&D activities. In this sense, this work presents the study of a Brazilian research technology institute in the electric sector, the CEPEL. The changes in the management of technology at this R&D institute are here analyzed through a methodological framework that focus on four main variables: the financing and the organizational structure, the contracts ...

... Autoria: Ubirajara Quaranta Cabral, Edison Martins Oliveira, Carlos Cesar Peiter, Flávio dos Reis Gonçalves, Danielle Hervé Quaranta Cabral, Marcelo Amaral ... Há ainda a incubadora de empresas de base tecnológica, que ocupa seis salas de aproximadamente 16 m2 ...

This study is part of a broader research project, conducted by the Triple Helix Research Group – Brazil, focusing on university–industry– government linkages in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The case study reported here is that of the Regional University of Volta Redonda: the aim was to develop an understanding of how a regional university can be transformed into an entrepreneurial university, oriented towards assisting regional economic development. A theoretical framework was constructed using existing literature on regional development and the Triple Helix approach. The research objective was to determine the relevance and effects of university–industry collaboration from the perspective of local players. Two surveys were conducted, one with faculty members at the university and the other with representatives of companies located in the region. No cultural barriers to collaboration were revealed on either side of the relationship; and opportunities to improve a relationship that, ...

Purpose-This study aims to analyze the practices and relationships of companies established in Science and Technology Parks (STPs) as drivers of the quadruple and quintuple helix (QQH) and the determinants for aligning with the future vision of STPs. Design/methodology/approach-The authors conducted a survey of companies associated with consolidated STPs and used the Structural Equation Model technique to predict such relationships. Findings-The results showed a positive relationship between the QQH and the Future Vision of STPs, in addition to the relevance of collectives as representatives of the quadruple helix (QH). Research limitations/implications-Collectives are a recent phenomenon and require longitudinal studies on their performance in innovation environments. Practical implications-Companies that are part of collectives are the actors of the QH. Social implications-The role of collectives in aligning with the future vision of STPs should be considered. Collectives reflect people's vision and can help STPs from being a closed environment and expand their performance, with a key role in connecting innovation environments. The authors found that collectives are promising in practices related to sustainability, thus contributing to STPs with their ability to mobilize the ecosystem. Originality/value-The research emphasizes the role of companies as agents of QQH in innovation environments, strengthening the increasing and distinct role of collectives in their relationships with STPs.

This study aims to identify the transformations from the structural and political point of view at the Fluminense Federal University (UFF) toward an Entrepreneurial University. To this end, the degree of UFF’s evolution and maturity will be verified as such. We then expect to recommend actions to accelerate the institution's evolution in this direction. The authors carried out exploratory research with a qualitative approach to achieve the defined objectives. A review of the literature was carried out, using bibliometric analysis techniques, in themes like Entrepreneurial University and university-company interaction, based on Web of Science, Scopus, and Scielo publications. Primary data generation was done with a survey forwarded to two groups of people. The first group, formed by UFF’s undergraduate courses coordinators, managers of the institution and some of its departments and academic units, and professors who had critical experiences related to the theme, received the research through direct e-mail. The second group responded through a social network platform in a group of university professors to identify structural and political transformations at the University. The analysis of the information collected allowed the application of the model developed by Oliveira and Amaral (Gestão nos Institutos Federais de Educação: experiências e aplicações, PPGA/UFF, 2020) to understand the UFF’s evolution stage as an entrepreneurial institution. As a result, the professors of the institution have relatively low knowledge regarding the theme and the mechanisms to support innovation, both at the federal level and at the institution itself, while there is a good performance of interaction activities. With the application of the Oliveira-Amaral maturity assessment model, it was possible to position the institution at level 2 on a scale from 0 to 6, which means a low entrepreneurial positioning. The sampling for the survey was defined by convenience, without a statistical basis. This selection was made to enable the research by sending the survey to a sample of the accessible population. This research takes a picture of the current moment of UFF regarding what would lead to it being understood as an Entrepreneurial University. According to the Oliveira-Amaral Model, it brings the institution’s current needs and, from the application of this model, combined with the poll answered by a sample of the institution’s professors, actions are indicated to solve such needs. Furthermore, understanding a lack of knowledge by UFF regarding Federal Laws and Norms to support innovation, two conceptual frameworks on the subject are presented.KeywordsEntrepreneurial UniversityMaturity modelUniversity–company interaction.

In one of our recent editorials, we discussed the boundaries and limitations of applying the Triple Helix Model (Cai & Amaral, 2021). We had then defined the Triple Helix model`s boundaries as the delineations between the situations where the model is more effective in analyzing phenomena related to innovation and those not related to We had described the boundaries in terms of scope analysis and explanatory power. This elaboration on the boundaries helps to understand the model`s strengths and weaknesses. Here, we encourage researchers to explore the frontiers of Triple Helix research, leading to the expansion of the model application. One can only explore the frontiers when knowing the boundaries. While the boundaries are associated with limitations, the frontiers are unlimited. Although the frontiers of Triple Helix research are beyond our imagination, we try to provide some examples of efforts in such a direction concerning theoretical, methodological and empirical aspects, which are all interrelated.

The objective of this study was to identify if actors’ role in Quadruple and Quintuple Helix in consolidated Brazilian Science and Technology Parks aligns with Carayannis and Campbell’s (2009) proposition in their seminal paper. To this end, we carried out multiple case studies in three consolidated Science and Technology Parks (STPs). We collected data from primary (interviews and field notes) and secondary sources (documents), and used them for data triangulation. As to data treatment, we used content analysis by frequency and topic. The three parks have different ways of viewing the Quadruple Helix, but converge on the Quintuple Helix. They perceive society as associations, collectives or communities, and even as a single identity, such as Pacto Alegre. Opinions of the managers and Quadruple Helix representatives agree about the actions of associations and collectives and ways of strengthening environments. Concerning the Quintuple Helix, the study contributes with the perception of environmental sustainability as the basis, and focuses on the dissemination of impact businesses among companies by parks’ managers. We only noticed the Quadruple Helix described in that seminal paper in the collectives and in Pacto Alegre, present in two of the STPs examined. Finally, the study shows an active society capable of fostering public policies and reviewing how Science and Technology Parks act, going from a foundation to a strong actor that mobilizes the ecosystem.

Introdução/Problematização: No atual panorama socioeconômico, as nações que não se empenharam na estruturação de uma sólida base científica e tecnológica, a exemplo de diversos países da América Latina, têm enfrentado dificuldades em processos de desenvolvimento, tais como: redução de participação no comércio internacional, fuga de capitais e desinvestimento estrangeiro e crises recorrentes na economia (Faria et al., 2013). Por outro lado, o mundo tem observado o desenvolvimento econômico dos países asiáticos, fundamentado em sólidas bases de educação, aprimoramento tecnológico e desenvolvimento industrial Objetivo/proposta: O presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar as transformações do ponto de vista de estrutural e político na Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) em direção à uma Universidade Empreendedora. Para tal será verificado o grau de evolução/maturidade da UFF enquanto tal, esperando-se, então, ser capaz de recomendar ações para acelerar a evolução da instituição rumo a esta direção. Procedimentos Metodológicos: Com o uso de técnicas de análise bibliométrica foi realizada uma revisão de literatura relevante nas discussões sobre universidade empreendedora e interação universidade-empresa. A coleta de dados foi feita de survey com coordenadores, gestores de departamentos e docentes da Universidade Federal Fluminense a fim de identificar as transformações do ponto de vista estrutural e política na Universidade. A análise das informações coletadas permitiu a aplicação do modelo desenvolvido por Oliveira e Amaral (2020) visando compreender o estágio de evolução da UFF enquanto empreendedora. Resultados: Como resultado pode-se perceber que os docentes da instituição possuem conhecimento relativamente baixo com relação ao tema e aos mecanismos de apoio à inovação, ao passo que existe boa realização de atividades de interação. Aplicando o modelo de avaliação de maturidade Oliveira-Amaral foi possível posicionar a instituição no nível 2 em uma escala de 0 a 6, o que significa um baixo posicionamento empreendedor. Conclusão: A pesquisa ratifica a necessidade de estruturação de sistemas nacionais de inovação, e a implantação de mecanismos capazes de unir centros geradores de conhecimento e empresas, no esforço de gerar produtos, serviços e processos de elevado conteúdo tecnológico. O Modelo Oliveira-Amaral foi aplicado e aliado à enquete respondida por uma amostra da instituição, auxiliou na identificação de ações para resolver problemas. Contribuições do Trabalho: A presente pesquisa faz uma fotografia do atual momento da Universidade Federal Fluminense, no tocante ao que a levaria a ser entendida como uma Universidade Empreendedora. Ainda, entendendo um déficit no conhecimento no tocante às Leis Federais e Normas da UFF de apoio à inovação, são apresentados dois quadros conceituais sobre o assunto. Palavras-Chave: Universidade Empreendedora; Interação Universidade-Empresa; modelo de maturidade.

Introdução/Problematização: Os Institutos Federais são considerados como um modelo de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica. Estas organizações surgem apresentando condições concretas de levar aos diversos rincões do país a possibilidade de nova forma de desenvolvimento através da educação profissional e tecnológica. Objetivo/proposta: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo fazer um panorama da evolução do IF Sudeste MG, por meio da análise comparativa dos dados informados no Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional de 2009, com os dados da Plataforma Nilo Peçanha, ambiente virtual de coleta, validação e disseminação das estatísticas oficias da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica, ano base 2019. Procedimentos Metodológicos (caso aplicável): O estudo foi de cunho qualitativo, utilizando das técnicas da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os dados coletados foram: quadro de servidores, docentes e Técnicos Administrativos da Educação, formação e regime de trabalho; as modalidades dos cursos presencial e de educação à distância, nas diferentes ofertas de ensino técnico, graduação e pós-graduação; e o número de matrículas dos cursos presencial e educação à distância. Utilizou-se da técnica de análise de conteúdo na interpretação dos dados. Principais Resultados: Como resultado, verificou-se o aumento no quadro de servidores da instituição, bem qualificado e alinhado com sua missão institucional; a verticalização do ensino com oferta de vários tipos de cursos, desse o ensino técnico até a pós-graduação stricto senso; e ampliação no número de matrículas, que vem contribuindo de forma concreta para o desenvolvimento da região onde atua, através da educação profissional. Considerações Finais/Conclusão: Conclui-se que o IF Sudeste MG apresenta condições concretas de levar as mesorregiões que pertence a possibilidade de nova forma de desenvolvimento através da educação profissional e tecnológica, pública e de qualidade. Contribuições do Trabalho: A contribuição do trabalho foi em verificar a consolidação das políticas públicas para a expansão da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica e da verticalização do ensino profissional a pós-graduação, em instituições especializadas tradicionalmente na oferta da educação profissional e tecnológi

Objective-This study aims to understand the evolution of research interests and consequent publication of structured papers on the Triple Helix thematic, using social network analysis (SNA) as an analytical tool. Method-The SNA technique was applied with the software CiteSpace, based on the Web of Science collection data. A total of 1.122 articles published between 1995 and 2022 in indexed journals were part of the analysis. Results-In addition to the presentation of statistical network data, the results show two trends related to using the Triple Helix model to interpret the relationships among actors in the innovation systems. The first is a possible theoretical replacement by authors who study innovation systems in developed economy countries, migrating from Triple Helix to Quadruple Helix; and the second is the continuity of studies based on the model with three helixes by authors who study innovation systems in developing economies. Also, it was possible to visualize the global research collaboration network from the analysis and indicate which authors and articles are considered most important nowadays. And finally, the SNA data provided an analytical expansion, allowing us to identify how the articles published in a given country cognitively impact authors from different locations. Practical implications-Triple Helix Association leaders should consider investing in partnerships with authors whose analysis focuses on innovation systems in countries with developing economies, promoting them. Still, it would be interesting to study the perceptions and suggestions made by authors who research innovation systems in developed economy countries to make possible adjustments to the TH model, updating it and preventing the theory from becoming obsolescent. Originality-Studies that use SNA to understand the evolution of the Triple Helix model are scarce, and this article can contribute by filling part of this gap.

This study aims to identify the transformations from a structural and political point of view at the Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil, towards an Entrepreneurial University. To this end, the degree of evolution/maturity of the third UFF mission will be verified, based on a previously developed model that identifies activities, policies, and the degree of institutionalization of innovation and its related activities. Studying UFF's case is interesting because it is the largest institution in the federal public system (in number of students) and is spread throughout the State of Rio de Janeiro.

This work aimed to propose a management model to assess the stage of innovation in micro and small businesses. This proposition occurred by identifying relevant indicators for the companies and the validation. Together with them, of those with the highest priority for innovation management.

This study aims to explore how the third mission institutionalization is currently evolving in the Brazilian HEIs and how dynamic capabilities are employed to advance their third mission since the implementation of the Innovation Technology Nuclei (NITs). To address these research questions and answering the call for more replication studies in management studies, including the in the field of entrepreneurship and higher education research, we replicated a recent German study (Stolze and Sailer, 2021) that explained how HEIs dynamic capabilities (DCs) were being translated into third mission advancement. In the context of Brazilian HEIs, this study is innovative for collecting data from individuals managing NITs, the new leading intermediary agencies of innovation in Brazilian HEIs that act as technology transfer offices.

PURPOSE - The objective of this study was to identify if actors’ role in Quadruple and Quintuple Helix in consolidated Brazilian Science and Technology Parks aligns with Carayannis and Campbell’s (2009) proposition in their seminal paper. 
DESIGN / METHODOLOGY / APPROACH - We carried out multiple case studies in three consolidated Science and Technology Parks (STPs). We collected data from primary (interviews and field notes) and secondary sources (documents), and used them for data triangulation. As to data treatment, we used content analysis by frequency and topic. 
FINDINGS OR EXPECTED OUTCOMES - The three STPs studied have different ways of defining the Quadruple Helix (QH), but converge in their reports on the Quintuple Helix. All of them can see society concretely, either through associations, collectives or communities, or even through  a  single identity, such as Pacto Alegre. Distinctions in representing society can result from the maturity of environments, cultural aspects of localities, and their formation history. On the other hand, Quintuple Helix is not seen as an actor, but is  noticed in  sustainability actions and  as a  driver, represented by disseminating business impact at Tecnopuc and Porto Digital. The managers of Tecnopuc and Porto Digital also see the collectives as civil society’s representatives. Collectives have a solid role in the mobilization of the ecosystem,  with challenges regarding  their form of governance, renewal, and engagement, which QH representatives confirmed. These groups, led by young people, assumed roles very similar to those of the association, leading entrepreneurs to question bureaucratic structures and their value. At Porto Digital, the associations got closer to the collectives, joining forces and preventing actors from destroying themselves. Carayannis and Campbell’s (2009) perception can be seen in the collectives and in Pacto Alegre, present at Porto Digital and Tecnopuc. Collectives are a  representation of society, comprised by citizens in mutual support, which strengthen each day and foster a cultural revolution supported by digital transformation.  In  addition,  members  of  the  collectives  hold  different positions in society, which reinforces their representation, showing a  more active  society. Collectives contribute to the ecosystem by bringing a new view to the processes, raising necessary topics for the ecosystem,  besides  contributing  to  a  process of  digital  change  that society undergoes. Regarding Pacto Alegre, society is represented by several entities from different spheres, that come together to contribute to  the process  of  transforming the city into  a world  reference for innovation. 
ORIGINALITY / VALUE - This study clarifies QH representation, by identifying actors and ways of strengthening STPs, through the different perceptions of STP managers and helix representatives.  In  the  Quintuple  Helix,  the  study adds on the perception of environmental sustainability as  a basis, and focuses  on  disseminating companies through  impact businesses. The role  of QH can be  drivers for other  STPs, and even  for those that we  studied. Finally, the paper shows  an active society,  with  voice to mobilize public policies and review how  STPs operate. Thus, society ceases to be a basis and becomes a strong actor for mobilization and connection. In addition, the study explains that associations cannot represent the Quadruple Helix, since they represent companies that are already part of the Triple Helix. 
PRACTICAL / SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS - We only  noticed the Quadruple Helix described  in that seminal  paper in  the  collectives  and  in  Pacto  Alegre,  present  in  two  of  the  STPs examined. The study also  shows an active  society capable of  fostering public policies and reviewing  how Science and  Technology Parks act, going from a foundation to a strong actor that mobilizes the ecosystem. 
DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH / LIMITATIONS - Limitations of the  study  include  the  lack  of approach  to  new  actors’ relationships, how  STPs are  connected to  society, characterization  of these environments’ formation, and how companies see  the new  actors. To fill this gap, we suggest that future studies seek to understand how the  shape of environments can  influence the definition  of society’s representation, what are the primary relationships established by the new helices, besides identifying other forms of sustainability perception.

PURPOSE - This research revisits the literature of Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff, mainly published between 1995 and 2003, which presents the central  concepts  of  the Triple  Helix.  The  study aims  to present the model, seeking  to go  beyond  the superficial but didactic view of the three superimposed spheres. The model has complexities and subtleties; and, therefore, a more  in-depth look at the work  of the main authors, their use, and the understanding of the criticisms will help the researchers to have a better comprehension of the theory and how to use it. 
DESIGN / METHODOLOGY / APPROACH - This effort  is  part of a  project carried out  since 2009 to map  production on the topic of university-industry-government linkages and build a database.  The TH  database is  a spreadsheet  in MS  Excel  and  has approximately 4,000  items  published in  all  Triple Helix  Conferences, Triple Helix Journal, and other sources. This database allows the  use of bibliometric analysis techniques  and serves to  study the evolution of the academic movement. The members of the Triple Helix Research Group  Brazil reviewed  a  considerable  part of  the  existing  literature produced  on  the topic  and  selected 258  scientific communications, published  between  1983  and  2021.  Additionally,  other  documents were accessed, many of them unfinished or original versions  of later published papers,  collected by the  Triple Helix Association.  From the analysis of this material, in many cases articles already read and cited and, in  other cases, using  the floating reading technique, it  was possible to select  73  most  relevant works.  This material  has  been treated  by this research  group  since mid-2021.  Eighteen  of  these  articles were discussed in depth in a master’s course and 54 were summarized.
FINDINGS OR EXPECTED OUTCOMES - This paper presents the Triple Helix  model, from  its  antecedents,  its central concepts, and the discussions that it influences. Triple helix is based in  previous  approaches  (like university-business  collaboration and national innovation system), and it is supported by several theories (like Simmel’s social geometry of triads interaction, Gaudens’ intermediaries’ properties, and Occam’s Razors). The model has a neo institutional and neo-Schumpeterian approaches working together to improve  the  comprehension  of  innovation  phenomena.  Thus,  it  is possible  to identify  a research  agenda  based on  the most  relevant ideas,  unfinished ideas,  and  gaps found.  It  seems  two  ways  to  do that. One in theoretical studies and a second one in comparative case studies across countries. The role  of the  university in the  society and the transformation process to reach an entrepreneurial university; how to measure  linkages across  actors and  spheres; how  transform this metaphor in  practical tool  to  be  implement in companies and  public policies; are questions mapped and open to future research.  ORIGINALITY / VALUE - There are revisionist works by Triple Helix, but essentially done by the main authors themselves. This is the first revisionist work conducted in large scale. It discusses gaps in the model and proposes a research agenda.
PRACTICAL / SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS - It is expected  that  this  study will  dialogue  with active  researchers  in the  field and  attract new  brains to  advance  in  theoretical  solutions that later  allow advances in  the real world  in search of  the prosperity of  society. For  scholars  working  on  the topic,  the  paper  discusses new horizons for research. Also, it is  a  good introduction for those who want to know more about the topic. There’s no practical or social implication in terms of policy or use of Triple Helix. 
DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH / LIMITATIONS  - There is a clear lack of practical and useful tools to apply Triple Helix in the  public policy and in  the companies. In terms  of research, there are several peripheral ideas, not developed, such as the movement of people  across  the helices  as a  dynamic element  (DZISAH; ETZKOWITZ, 2008)  and the  transformation  of  spheres  into  spaces (ETZKOWITZ; RANGA, 2010).  There were efforts  to  try to position Triple  Helix as  a recipe for exiting economic crises (RANGA; ETZKOWITZ, 2012), but the lack  of  more normative  and  predictive content  limited  and continues  to limit such use. More recently, efforts have been observed to approach topics such as open innovation (LEYDESDORFF; IVANONA, 2016) and sustainability  (CAI; ETZKOWITZ, 2020).  These efforts bring  us to the discussion  about the  inclusion of  new helices.  Another idea,  the financial sector as a helix, appears in the literature due to the relevance of venture  capital  and  state  funding  in  the  innovation  process.  This  is  a subject that can be further discussed.

PURPOSE - Since 2004, Brazil has been improving the science and technology legal framework to enhance innovation effectiveness in the country, particularly in public research institutions. Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) is the largest public university in the Brazilian federal system, with 65,000 students and a presence in nine cities. Its activities significantly impact Rio de Janeiro’s state, contributing to social, economic, and sustainable development. In 2009, UFF created the Agency of Innovation, AGIR, to coordinate innovation initiatives in the university in progress since 1997. In the last years, other initiatives aiming at the development of an academic innovation ecosystem at UFF based on a Triple Helix model were successfully implemented by the UFF/AGIR. This work aims to describe and analyze these recent initiatives comprising the UFF’s innovation ecosystem.
DESIGN / METHODOLOGY / APPROACH - This work is a practical experience study based on a collection of previous works, institutional documents, and action-research experiences. Since the creation of UFF’s Innovation Agency, documentary and field research have been conducted to identify successful cases of innovation mechanisms and environments like incubators, technoparks, and technology transfer offices (Amaral et al., 2022; Stolze et al., 2022). Also, several internal players carried out benchmarking, experience exchange, and action-research activities (such as graduate programs, labs, and research groups) (Almeida & Amaral, 2019). In this approach, examples of projects and activities performed under university-industry-government interaction were studied to
comprehend the configuration of an academic innovation ecosystem and the emergence of an entrepreneurial university (Velasco et al., 2022).
FINDINGS OR EXPECTED OUTCOMES - This set of projects and activities supported the profile and the mandate’s definition of UFF’s Innovation Agency, described in the innovation policy approved in 2020. One of its main objectives is to expand the technological incubator to receive projects and startups born in the University. Another key objective was enhancing the university-business interaction to execute research and innovation projects. These two objectives were accomplished with
the support of government funding and regulation, composing a triplehelix approach. Since 2018, the support of state and federal government S&T
funding agencies allowed the growth of AGIR through triple-helix projects. The two supporting agencies are FAPERJ, a Rio de Janeiro State Foundation to Support Research, and CNPq, a Federal Council of Research and Technological Development. FAPERJ granted resources through four programs to develop the UFF’s Incubator at Niteroi (UFF’s headquarters) and to spread innovation hubs to four other cities in the state. With the resources of these programs, mainly used for supporting the incubated companies through mentoring, the number of ideas and startups incubated from three in 2018 to ten in 2022, and four more startups will start the process in 2023. Most of the startup’s opportunities resulted from UFF’s R&D projects. Three of them have sustainable development as their purpose: 1) INNOMAKER developed an autonomous boat moved by solar energy to collect contaminant elements from rivers and oceans; 2) NEWBRICK is developing an ecological brick from industrial rejects; and 3) AMBMET uses computer simulation to develop longterm rain forecasts to electricity companies. Regarding the ten current incubated companies, three were selected in FAPERJ’s Entrepreneurial Doctor Program for researchers who concluded a doctorate level and wished to create startups. This program gives scholarships for a doctor and one student to work in the startup and resources for company development. With the support of another FAPERJ Program, AGIR is implementing innovation hubs in four cities where UFF has campuses and develops scientific and technological research in different areas of knowledge, such as engineering, computing, odontology, environmental technology and management sciences. The Vírgula Innovation Hub VR is already operating at Volta Redonda in partnership with the City Hall, two private
colleges, and the local chamber of commerce. The other hubs in Rio das Ostras, Petropolis, and Friburgo will be implemented in 2023 with the same triplehelix managerial model. CNPq resources come through programs to support graduate students’ projects developed in partnership with companies. Under these programs, called MAI/ DAI, Academic Master and Doctorate for Innovation, CNPq supports scholarships while the associated company has to contribute with resources for the project development. UFF has been granted in these programs twenty doctorates, ten masters, and sixty undergraduates’ scholarships; part already implemented. A total of nine UFF’s graduate programs and fifteen companies are involved in these triple-helix projects. For 2023 and 2024, another FAPERJ program is already granted to prospect and develop patent licensing from the UFF’s patent portfolio. Also, in 2023 it will be implemented in Niterói, an Innovation Center in association with UFF’s foundation (Fundação Euclides da Cunha) and the City Hall to match
local demands and offer technology and solutions.
ORIGINALITY / VALUE - All these initiatives have the value of contributing to the improvement of the academic innovation ecosystem at UFF with an impact on regional innovation systems at Rio de Janeiro State. The experience opens a new role for the university in being entrepreneurial through the development of startups and innovative projects beyond the formation of high-level professionals trained to work in tech companies.
PRACTICAL / SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS - The triple-helix initiatives described in this abstract has practical and social implication at UFF and in the cities where they are implemented: 1) the development of startups companies and job offer increase; 2) the development of innovation hubs in different cities allows innovative solutions to be implemented in these spaces, improving the competitiveness of local companies; and 3) the conclusion of the graduate students projects developed in partnership with companies creates opportunities to these high-level professionals in companies.
DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH / LIMITATIONS - For the future, it is important to have an overall balance of the results of these initiatives in the university and an endless search for funding and models or ways to interact with business and government.

O trabalho estuda a atuação do Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais no âmbito das interações que ocorrem entre atores das esferas Universidade-Empresa-Governos-Sociedade-Sustentabilidade. Analisou-se o Edital de Interfaces que promove parceria da instituição com
atores externos. Trata-se de pesquisa aplicada com abordagem qualitativa que utilizou como técnicas a revisão de literatura, pesquisa documental, entrevistas e observação participante com os pesquisadores e as entidades parceiras dos projetos do edital. A pesquisa identificou que a instituição ainda está mais voltada para o ensino do para pesquisa. Sobre à interação com o atores externos foram identificados projetos com prefeituras, universidade e empresas, mas não projetos de pesquisa mais complexos. Não foram identificados atores da esfera sustentabilidade nos projetos analisados, mas sim, motivações e objetivos ligados a tal tema. A noção de universidade empreendedora de Etzkowitz pode não ser aplicável ao como
terceira missão, mas talvez a ideia de universidade engajada.

PURPOSE: The Triple Helix (3H) approach has spread rapidly in Brazil since 1999 and remains a valuable metaphor for explaining the relationships between institutional actors to promote science, technology, and innovation. Players in the industry and government spheres have also incorporated the approach, largely because of its simplicity. Possibly, due to the lack of formal rigor. From an academic viewpoint, the production on the subject is relevant in the country, essentially case studies and reports of experiences in regional development projects (Amaral & Messias, 2020). Local research groups, such as Triple Helix Research Group Brazil (THERG-Brazil) and the Triple Helix Association (THA) local chapter, consolidated themselves as leaders to publicize 3H. However, from the observation of the 3H use and analyzing the academic communications published, several inaccuracies and superficialities were found that generated two inquiries. The first is if the Brazilian researchers have adequate comprehension of the 3H. The second question is which source of knowledge is used, whether it is the seminal works from the concept creators, local literature from researchers engaged in the international movement, or secondary literature, which gives rise to superficial and incorrect interpretations. Thus, the aim is to understand how the concept is applied by local academic researchers and, in a broader way, how it was spread in Brazil. The gap was identified in publications about the evolution of the 3H movement (Rosa et al., 2018).
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This research is characterized as exploratory. A database of scholarly communications was built with publications from Brazilian authors in Brazil from 1997 to 2020. The 382 documents collected from academic databases (like Scielo, Spell, and CAPES), conference proceedings, and grey literature were organized in an MS Excel spreadsheet. The database was split in two, one related to the authors from THERG-Brazil and the Brazilian THA Chapter, named Jose Mello's database (an homage to the former vice-president of THA and one of the main 3H disseminators in Brazil). The second one includes the remaining authors. In a second
moment, the authors performed a content analysis to classify the studies using a typology proposed by the authors, with three approaches and nine categories, as shown in Table 1. A detailed analysis was about the sources (references) cited in these communications.
Table 1. Typology to classify TH academic communications
Approach
Categories
Theoretical approach
Addresses TH theoretically.
Macroeconomics aspects of innovation
National or supranational/regional innovation system, such as S&T&I policies, funding agencies.
Regional or local innovation systems (regional economic development projects or state policies).
Innovation in a sector.
Microeconomics aspects of innovation
Innovation in the productive sector of goods and services, such as companies, spin-offs/spin-outs.
Innovation at the university and research institutes/centers (entrepreneurial university, internal policies, projects, technology transfer offices).
Government innovation, practices, and projects.
Innovation in technology transfer mechanisms (TTO/NITs, incubators, and parks).
Other organizations in the hybrid and consensus space.
FINDINGS OR EXPECTED OUTCOMES: There are two main findings. The first one is a typical bibliometric analysis. From the total 382 communications, 52 were included in Jose Mello's database. The other 330 publications can be classified as 194 academic papers, 58 monographs/thesis/dissertations, 54 conference communications, six book chapters, etc. Around one-third of these communications were published in the last five years. An average of 30 communications was published by year, confirming the relevance of the subject. The most prolific academic authors are Dusan Schreiber (8 communications), Pelayo Olea (8), Andrea Paula Segatto (7), Carlos Alberto Silva (6), Asa Fujino (4), Geciane Porto (4), Gabriela Ferreira (4), Adriana Faria (4), Eric Charles Dorion (4) and Daniel Pedro Puffal (4). More than a hundred authors were identified, ensuring broad
dissemination of 3H in the country. The authors are predominantly from public research universities from the southeast and south regions of Brazil.
From the 382 communications references, 1125 citations were from Etzkowitz and Leydersdorff's works, 296 citations from the authors of José Mello's database, and 1321 citations from other Brazilian authors. No one from José Mello's database was in the ten most-cited authors. They are Andrea Segatto (99 citations), Renato Dagnino (63), Márcia Rapini (62), Ary Plonski (57), Geciane Porto (43), Eva Stal (41), José Cassiolatto (34), Asa Fujino (29), Sandra Brisolla (27), and Carlos Brito Cruz (27). Some of them also in the most prolific list. Several of these authors, in fact, dialogue with 3H, such as Segatto and Plonsky, which deals with technology transfer and science parks. However, most of the author's research topics related to the innovation system (IS) approach.
The most referenced communication is Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff (2000), followed by the Portuguese translation of Etzkowitz’s book published in 2009. The book had a small edition and it is not available, which raises a question about ethics.
The 9-categories typology allows classifying the 330 communications in: 24% addressing theoretical aspects (79); 46% approaching macroeconomic aspects (153 studying regional/local innovation systems); and 55% addressing microeconomic aspects (181 on discussions about the role of the university, TTO/NITs, etc.). Some communications are in more than one category.
A second discussion is related to the quality of these communications. For example, there are references to communications about local productive arrangements (APL), hence the citations to works written by Cassiolato. It may indicate an incomplete understanding that 3H is an evolution of the IS approach, which it is not. By placing the university on the same level as the other entities (as the source of knowledge that will generate innovations in the knowledge economy), 3H breaks with the IS vision, essentially based on the firm's ability to innovate. The IS analyses the existence of the institutions and the execution of their roles, while 3H is an approach where the actors extrapolate their institutional roles and assume new missions. In this sense, the lack of works that explains how to apply 3H (if it should be applied) leaves the subject open to interpretation.
Another possible interpretation is that Brazilian authors have comprehended only the
Neoinstitutionalist functionality of 3H (related to the institutions) without comprehending the Neoschumpeterian aspects (dynamic and complexity of innovation process) (Cai & Etzkowtiz, 2020). There is an effort to add a new helix in some studies, which is not incorrect or prohibited. Still, when this new helix is the army or the intermediate entities, it reinforces the notion of an incomplete concept comprehension. The same matter happens with the merging of the APL concept with 3H. Most of the case studies reviewed advocate the existence of a 3H only due to the participation of organizations from the three spheres in regional development projects. There is no concern in analyzing the objectives and results of the projects and the role of organizations. When it is a project to modernize the industry aiming to upgrade its competitive capabilities, there is probably no relation with 3H.
By the end, most of the authors used secondary literature. In the 382 communications, there are on average 2.94 references to the published research from Etzkowitz and Leydersdorff, 3.45 references to other Brazilian authors, and only 0.77 references to the Mello's database authors. The effort of researchers connected to José Mello to be part of the international movement has no local repercussion.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Scientometrics studies are relevant and developed, but similar studies were not found in the literature analyzing academic movements either their dissemination in a country. The work highlight valid results: a review of the methods used in research on the topic; review of objectives and approaches for research on the themes; discovery of themes or gaps not investigated; and increase of knowledge of researchers and institutions that work with 3H in Brazil.
PRACTICAL/SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS: The work was not intended to have practical and social implications. It was essentially an academic exercise. However, the dissemination of the results may impact the comprehension and application of the 3H approach in Brazil and the future agenda of local researchers.
DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH/LIMITATIONS: The work has limitations due to the construction of the database. Probably, the database is incomplete, and, in this sense, this project will continue. Some works initially published as congresses articles or monographs/dissertations are, in a second moment, published again or source for new publications, which leads to a possible double counting of subjects, research, and authors.
KEYWORDS (3-5): Triple Helix; Academic Movements; Brazil

PURPOSE: International internships as a learning method has gained attention in business and management education. It is a specific set of relations inside university-industry-government linkages. According to Christensen (2020), the literature about university-industry or university-industry-government relations is broad, but there is a gap in the discussion about university students and industry collaboration (USIC), especially internships abroad. While several studies have well established the benefits and challenges of this learning approach across countries and study programs, an emerging criticism is that internships sacrifice theoretical development for practice and experiential learning. Extant research has gaps in the pedagogical elements required to connect internships with the theoretical aspects of international business programs. This study tackles two complementary research questions: How to design and implement problem-based international internships in business education? What requirements do this combination of two active-learning experiences in business education demand for small business school, partner HEIs, and hosting organizations?
This paper is a product of the project "Management practice in the context of global value chains," funded through the program InternAbroad, Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research (DIKU 2021). InternAbroad initiative seeks to increase the number of students taking internships in international organizations as part of their higher education studies (Norwegian Government 2020).
The HEI partners in the project received a grant to enhance the collaboration in business education integrating problem-based learning (PBL). The project started in 2018 through a summer/winter school in Brazil and Norway: Nord University Business School (HHN/NORD), Fluminense Federal University (UFF), and Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS) (Hermann et al., 2020). The Norwegian partner was responsible for the curricular development, and its students will benefit from credit-issuing international internships. The activities analyzed on this document were held in 2019
and 2020.
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Methodologically, research on international internships integration in the business curriculum has relied on quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods designs. Initial research on the topic departed on large scale surveys in North American MBA programs (Dillon et al., 2011), conjoint analysis (Albers-Miller et al., 1999), archival data analysis (Ryan et al., 2013), quantitative content analysis (Silva et al., 2016), qualitative studies rely on action-research (Conroy & McCarthy 2019), a case study at programs within business schools (Gill et al., 2016; Johnson & Jordan 2019), and ethnographic methods (Young & Karme 2015). More recently, mixed methodologies gain traction (Charterina et al., 2019; Ding et al., 2019).
The internship partner organizations agreed to adapt the ITDEM'D pedagogical action research methodology (Norton 2019), acknowledging this diversity in methods and the nature of our research question, closely connected with practice and curricular development. Thus, ITDEM'D is an enhanced improvement of educational action research's four steps: plan, act, observe, reflect (Norton 2019).
The project's activities were executed over 2019 and stopped in 2020 due to the pandemic. The internship from Norwegian master students in Brazil was performed from June to August 2019. Six students were sent to Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre to work in Brazilian organizations (four startup companies, one public HEI, or one non-profit association). The project's evaluation was conducted in the second semester of 2020 after all students' reports were delivered and evaluated. Thirteen semi-structured interviews were recorded with six students and seven representatives from the host partners. The interview guide, categories, and codebook for content analysis were developed according to the literature review.
Content analyzes techniques were applied to approximately ten hours of records, addressing two main themes: international internship experience and PBL. The codebook is organized in seven basic categories: support structures (cultural immersion, administration, coordination), credits timeframe (academic recognition, fit into the curriculum, assessment, theory use, and methodological variety in the report), preparation phase (recruiting firms, initial/framing problem, kick-off meeting, meeting students and firm), solution phase (application of theory, coaching/ supervision), PBL-pedagogy (collaboration, self-directed learning, open-ended situations, and problems, unstructured problems not predefined-solutions), implementation (implementing recommendations of the intern), and assessment (multiple methods, focus on how knowledge is used to solve the problem, and formative
assessment.
FINDINGS OR EXPECTED OUTCOMES: The paper presents pedagogical action research which developed content for international internships in business in a Norwegian-Brazilian perspective for bachelor and master students. It was an action-research experience of developing international internships at undergraduate and graduate levels in business and management education. The study results are the proposition and validation of a pedagogical framework to support similar initiatives connected to loosely defined problems at the host organization.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The paper analyses an authentic experience in international education and has value in the sense that it aggregates all the previous literature in its framework. The linkages among universities from different countries, their students, the partnership from universities with companies and non-profit organizations, and the people's circulation are elements in the core of the Triple Helix framework.
PRACTICAL/SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS: The framework also has practical applications for teaching and administrative staff interested in developing international internship programs at home universities and requires more guidelines about connecting the practical aspects with the teaching-learning elements about international internships. Besides the pedagogical objectives linked to course development, the project seeks other goals. The partner institutions will gain experience and create routines for organizing international internships in business. As a counterpart, the Brazilian HEI partners enhance their internationalization experience and allow affiliated companies to host students with an international background. The action-research approach also provides the advantage to take a critical perspective about the internship programs in international business, thus adding to current debates about the shortcomings and barriers of internships as an educational alternative. Finally, teachers and administrators of business schools and programs will benefit from the pedagogical framework presented here to match their own study program needs.
DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH/LIMITATIONS: The program and the framework need to be replicated and gain scale to verify its applicability. Future research can discuss how to apply PBL and Action Research to this context. Also, how to integrate additional content as entrepreneurial education and sustainability.
KEYWORDS (3-5): International business; internships abroad; problem-based learning, higher education; internationalization.

Universities are traditionally involved with teaching, research, and extension activities. In recent decades, in addition to playing an important role in education provision, they have evolved as management organizations involved in generating profits and impacting the local and national economy (Bikse et al., 2016; Budyldina, 2018). The role of universities has expanded. They participate in technology transfer, establish links with the productive sector of goods and services, and facilitate innovation infrastructure, such as research laboratories and science and technology parks.
However, there are different opinions concerning the university's third mission and its scope. The third mission is "directly associated with entrepreneurial activities, innovation, patenting and technology transfer." The third mission can also be understood as only extensionist activities (Gimenez & Bonacelli, 2015). The term "Entrepreneurial University" can be understood as a third mission university that makes changes in its structure and organizational culture, becoming more proactive, flexible, and dynamic in its management and relations with the economy and society. The university transformation allows itself to commercialize new knowledge to support economic development (Clark, 1998; Etzkowitz, 2004; 2013; 2016). Thus, there is a realignment of the missions considering new economic and social contexts, among others, related to the current knowledge society (Gimenez & Bonacelli, 2015).
Although these universities continue to value the first and second missions, what differentiates them is articulating the three missions to generate the economic and social impact in the region of their activities (Silva et al., 2018). That is, to formulate academic objectives, to transform them into knowledge to generate economic and social value (Gomes et al., 2016; Nascimento et al., 2016).
The work explores the questioning if the "Federal Institute of Southeast of Minas Gerais State" (known as IF Sudeste MG) can be characterized as an entrepreneurial university. IF Sudeste MG is a higher, basic, and professional education institution specializing in providing professional and
technological education in the different teaching modalities. The Federal Institutes of Education, Science, and Technology (IFs) were created in 2008 by the Brazilian Government and are equated with universities as entities that generate scientific and technological knowledge (Ministério da Educação, 2008). Additionally, they received an explicit role in acting in technical education and regional development. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the articulation of academia, with government and companies, and civil society and sustainability within the scope of Quintuple Helix, to establish activities aimed at innovating and promoting economic and social development. The research identified the barriers and facilitators for promoting the activities of quintuple interactions in the institution. It proposed a model for evaluating such interactions' maturity as a critical element of the transition to an entrepreneurial university.
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH:
From the perspective of academia, in a context of the expansion of teaching the countryside, the relationship between education and socio-economic development gained relevance in the discussions for the implementation of the IFs, seen as strategic spaces for the qualification of labor for the development of the country's regions (Olivera & Amaral, 2020).
This paper presents the results of original research from a master's thesis and a book chapter published in 2020 combined with recent information on the progress of the analyzed projects. A case study was elaborated through the collection of documentary and primary data. The field research was based on interviews with researchers from IF Sudeste MG and representatives of the partner actors of Interfaces projects. The Interfaces, a notice released in 2018, was a strategic effort of the institution's management to leverage external interaction, whether in research or extension, to expand the generation and disseminate technical-scientific knowledge. The notice funded ten projects that aimed to encourage partnerships with society to solve practical problems. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted throughout 2019, analyzed using the content analysis technique. The interviews were combined with field observation (participation in meetings, visits in laboratories, and informal conversations with managers of the institution), configuring a broad case study of the institution. In addition, the final results of the projects were analyzed through the technical reports.
FINDINGS OR EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
It was possible to verify that the external interaction activities of IF Sudeste MG with the actors of
the university-company-government-society spheres are in an initial phase of structuring. The institution encounters barriers and facilitators that converge with each other, which must be worked on to improve these activities. For this, the Nucleos of Innovation and Technology Transfer (NITTEC), acting as a technology transfer office, has a leading role in promoting interaction activities.
Also, the study proposes a model for identifying these relationships and possible maturity assessment, based on a broad literature review (Bonaccorsi & Piccaluga, 1994; Segatto-Mendes & Sbragia, 2002; Fuquen & Escobar, 2018; Khademi & Ismail, 2013). The model, called Oliveira-Amaral, helps support the institution's activities in favor of external interaction. It integrates levels of knowledge management (generation, appropriation, and dissemination) with types of interactions (formal and informal), thus creating a tool for broad-spectrum mapping interactions.
Fonte: Oliveira & Amaral (2020).
There weren't identified any actors of a possible fifth helix, but objectives and activities in the analyzed projects included sustainability as a relevant element.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE:
The work is original for analyzing such recent and unique institutions (created in 2008, and some units were pre-existing) in the context of the Brazilian academy. In addition, the model presented is an original contribution to future studies.
PRACTICAL/SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS:
The paper presents a complete approach to the interactions of the Ifs with the productive sector, government, and other social actors. The research found that IF Sudeste MG has contributed to disseminating its researchers' knowledge to society. The study also signals the richness of interactions related to teaching and extension and those performed informally. Interaction Types Interaction Goals (knowledge stages - K) Informal Internal Generation K (activities) K Appropriation (mechanism) K Difusion (activities) External Formal Internal External
DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH/LIMITATIONS:
The study is limited to analyzing the interactions of IF Sudeste MG with the actors of the other helixes that make up the productive and social fabric, and this analysis does not apply in other IFs, research centers, or for traditional universities only signals possible similarities. However, the methodology used and the proposed model are replicable, allowing further studies and comparison.
KEYWORDS: Entrepreneurial University; University-Company-Government-Society-Sustainability Interactions; Maturity Models.

Purpose: This paper studies the Research, Development, and Innovation Policy of Eletrobras, and how the firm is being prepared to foster, guide and prioritize R&D+I in the controlled companies, part of the Eletrobras group. Eletrobras is a Brazilian public holding company responsible for power generation in the country, controlling several other hydroelectric, thermal, and nuclear generation companies. It is also the objective of this research to describe the current innovation policy and the innovation management techniques used, considering characteristics, ideas, guidelines for the holding company and for the other companies from Eletrobras. This study also discusses how Eletrobras ensures the synergy of innovation actions with their alignment with strategic planning. Design/Methodology/Approach: This is descriptive applied research with a predominantly qualitative approach. Several research techniques are used, such as a literature review, documentary research, and a case study, with interviews and participant observation. The procedures for data collection were: Document Collection, Semi-structured Interviews, and Observation. Regarding the Document Collection, were consulted websites, technical reports, minutes, and internal documents of Eletrobras companies, with data and information about the electric sector, that also contributed to the literature review of this work. About the interviews, these were conducted throughout 2019. The analysis of the information collected was made using content analysis techniques and subsequent theory-case-theory triangulation. To analyze how companies are structuring their R&D+I areas, the five measures applied by the Galbraith Star Model were used: strategy, structure, processes, people, and reward systems. Findings or expected outcomes: An overview of the R&D+I process at Eletrobras is developed. From this result, it is possible to propose strategies, specific practices, and guidelines about innovation policies. As a consequence, the idea is also promoted that although the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) boosts R&D projects, the innovation should be a priority at Eletrobras and at its companies, increasing the investments in R&D+I, even if there is not a legal obligation.

Type: Original research Track: Theoretical foundations and methodological approaches of Triple Helix Purpose: This research aims to propose/present a framework to analyze the relationship between the university, industry, government, and society actors. In general, the literature and case studies focuses on traditional metrics, like patents and licensing agreements, based on formal relations (Ivanova & Leydesdorf, 2014). However, in the case of Brazil, a late industrialized country combined with a late implemented National Innovation System (Suzigan & Albuquerque, 2011), the industry and NIS are not connected, and the traditional metrics fail to capture the university-industry-government-society linkages. On the other hand, several informal relations/connections/networks are established. As a result of the literature review and Design/Methodology/Approach: This work is an applied research project with mixed methods approaches. Four steps were performed to achieve the research goal. First, the literature review was done using bibliometrics analysis techniques on papers selected at indexed journal databases. The second step was the collection and document review from the seventeen cases studied in Brazilian universities, federal education institutes, techparks, and companies. The third stage was the analysis and discussion of the material collected. The fourth and last step was the development of the framework proposed. Findings: The main finding of the research is the relevance of informal and personal relations in the university-industry-society interactions. These relations are organized in a proposed framework. Oliveira (2019) revisited the seminal work by Bonaccorsi e Piccalunga (1994),

• Purpose: To analyze the practices and relationships of companies installed in Science and Technology Parks (STPs) as drivers of the Quadruple and Quintuple Helix (QQH) and determinants for the alignment to the future vision of the STP. • Design/Methodology/Approach: This research has an exploratory, descriptive and quantitative nature. The study method used was the field survey. Companies associated with the Consolidated STPs, chosen based on the following criteria, are the object of this study: (i) has been operating for more than ten years; (ii) is among the consolidated STPs of Anprotec; (iii) circulation of more than five thousand people in its surroundings; and (iv) accessibility to the environment. In this sense, the population studied was composed of companies installed at Tecnopuc (150); Tecnosinos (76); Zenit (51); Porto Digital (328) and Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos (78), totaling 683 target companies in Brazil. The data were collected through semi-structured surveys, which were obtained from the contact of the researcher. To validate the research instrument, specialists and pre-test were used. The entrepreneurs were contacted via e-mail, telephone and WhatsApp®, obtaining 175 responses, which represents 49.15% of the sample accessed. The answers were analyzed and 48 were eliminated for the following reasons: (i) 35 were incomplete; (ii) 3 did not go through the control questions; (iii) 1 respondent did not meet the job requirement; and (iv) 9 companies were not installed in STPs. After the exclusions, there were 127 valid responses, which represents 35.67% of the sample accessed. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were used for the sample studied and the Structural Equations Model (SEM), which allows the researcher to examine, simultaneously, multiple relationships of dependence and independence among latent variables, through observable variables (Hair Jr. et al., 2014). • Findings or expected outcomes: The results emphasized the positive relationship between the Quadruple Helix (QH) and the Future Vision of the STPs, as well as the importance of the collectives as QH representatives.

Abtract: This article analyzes the evolution of scientific publications, carried out by academic researchers, and technical publications carried out by managers of the science, technology, and innovation parks (STIP). The objective is to know the author's origin and the most relevant topics for comparisons. The study uses bibliometric techniques, to draw a comparison between the academic output published in scientific journals, and the technical and professional output carried out by professionals and published at conferences of the International Association of Science Parks (IASP). The content search was conducted in the Web of Science database, and for the IASP publication, a database was built based on the conference's proceedings. The study focused on the period between 2007 and 2018 and 177 papers and 572 conferences works were treated. The bibliometric analysis made the identification of authors, countries, institution, and the subjects of publication from the reading of titles, abstracts, and keywords. It was identified: the growth in the recent interest of academic researchers on the subject (post-2015); the limited number of academic publications (177 in 12 years); China, Taiwan, and Spain as the countries with the highest academic output (40%) and Spain, Brazil, and the United States as the most productive of technical publications (35%). In both cases the focus was on the macroenvironment (linkages between the STIP, government, and society) and, as expected, the academic authors also dealt with conceptual issues while managers emphasized themes related to operations. The study has limitations associated with the methodological focus and data sources. The work has implications. For the IASP it can serve as an evaluation of its events and signalize themes to be incorporated, as well as allowing the building of bridges with the academy. For the academy, it can flag new topics for research. For the parks and policymakers enables a perception of the relevance of the theme in each country.

Resumo: Este artigo busca analisar a estratégia organizacional adotada na Eletrobras Eletronuclear, única empresa brasileira do setor elétrico produtora de energia nuclear. É considerada a estruturação da área de P&D+I desta empresa, a partir de uma referência dos modelos de arquiteturas organizacionais adotados por empresas do setor para gerenciar o programa de P&D instituído pela Lei n o 9.991/2000, operacionalizada pela Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica. A análise da estratégia organizacional da área de P&D+I da Eletronuclear considera a dimensão estratégia proposta pelo Modelo Estrela de Galbraith e a própria análise da estratégia organizacional de sua holding, Eletrobrás. O modelo adota cinco dimensões para analisar a arquitetura organizacional: estratégia, estrutura, processos, pessoas e sistemas de recompensa. O estudo de caso utiliza como coleta de dados a pesquisa documental (dados secundários), combinada com entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação (dados primários) de três empresas do setor elétrico: Eletrobras, Eletrobras Eletronuclear e CEPEL. A análise das informações coletadas se deu por meio de análise de conteúdo e posterior triangulação teoria/caso/teoria. Os resultados indicam que, embora ainda não exista formalmente uma estratégia definida, evidente e divulgada de P&D+I na Eletronuclear, existe um esforço tecnológico coerente com o futuro do setor nuclear e que é atualmente aplicado através de gestão de projetos independentes nas diversas diretorias da empresa, compondo uma gestão de inovação descentralizada e não uniforme. Novos estudos que possibilitem avaliar as demais dimensões de arquitetura organizacional adotado para o desempenho das carteiras de projetos de P&D+I são pertinentes e relevantes. Palavras-Chave: P&D+I; nuclear; estratégia; arquitetura organizacional 1. Introdução O processo de inovação enfoca os esforços técnicos e científicos de modo que eles venham efetivamente atender as necessidades do mercado. A inovação é estratégica, traz vantagens competitivas e soluções essenciais para que as empresas enfrentem a concorrência atual. Esta ênfase é muitas vezes dirigida às empresas privadas, porém, há alguns anos, o Governo tem se preocupado também com a inovação em organizações públicas e de economia mista com políticas de inovação e leis que estimulam o crescimento da P&D+I destas empresas e também a aquisição e introdução de novas tecnologias. Em 1999, foram criados os Fundos Setoriais de Ciência e Tecnologia e, em meados da década de 2000, o Governo Federal promulgou a Lei n o 9.991, que instituiu como obrigação para as empresas do Setor Elétrico Brasileiro (SEB) a aplicação de, pelo menos, 1% de sua Receita Operacional Líquida em desenvolvimento de projetos de P&D. Ainda em meados daquela década, foi aperfeiçoada a legislação relativa aos incentivos ficais para a inovação, que passaram a compor o terceiro capítulo da Lei do Bem (11.196/2005), e intensificaram-se os programas e as chamadas públicas para apoio a empresas pela Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) (POMPERMAYER, NEGRI E CAVALCANTI, 2011). Várias tecnologias têm sido desenvolvidas nestes anos de investimentos em P&D por parte das empresas do SEB e de seus parceiros no âmbito do Programa de P&D da ANEEL. As empresas

Resumo: O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a gestão de seis Parques Científicos e Tecnológicos e de Inovação (PCTI) em operação e em implantação no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com a utilização do modelo AMIEM. Foi então utilizada metodologia de estudo de múltiplos casos. Como trajetória de pesquisa, utilizaram-se pesquisas bibliográfica e documental para construção do referencial teórico, e posteriormente foi aplicado o AMIEM. Os resultados encontrados apontam para uma distinção latente entre a concepção da realidade dos Parques em operação e a perspectiva de atuação dos Parques na fase de projeto. Demonstram que o tempo de existência de um Parque não é fator preponderante para o atingimento de maturidade e consolidação das relações no âmbito da abordagem da Hélice Tríplice (HT). Mostram ainda que fatores comuns presentes em todos os ambientes estudados, como particularidades locais, características específicas, vocações regionais e outros elementos impactam diretamente no desempenho e na gestão dos Parques, o que manifesta a necessidade de elaboração de políticas de incentivo, oriundas do setor público, e de maior atuação do setor privado em ações de fomento e apoio. Palavras-Chave: Ambientes de Inovação; Parque Tecnológico; Modelos de Avaliação; AMIEM. 1. Introdução A globalização acarretou diluição das barreiras nacionais no âmbito dos negócios (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2008), elevando o nível de competição entre países e empresas (Robbins, 2005). Enquanto isso, a abertura comercial eleva o número de competidores, acirrando a competição entre as empresas e demandando maior atenção quanto ao desempenho econômico (Vedovello, 2000). Conforme o tempo avança, surgem novas demandas e oportunidades e mudanças nas relações e na sistemática de desenvolvimento, produção e consumo, emergindo nesse contexto, novas oportunidades para as organizações (Spolidoro & Audy, 2008). Neste cenário, novos arranjos e estruturas organizacionais emergem para atender as demandas da globalização dos mercados e para fazer frente aos desafios decorrentes da competição internacional. Existem diversos tipos de arranjo organizacionais e um modelo que agrega estrutura física, qualificação intelectual, com geração e transferência de conhecimento é conhecido como PCTI. Esses espaços são ambientes fecundos para o surgimento e desenvolvimento de empresas de base tecnológica e de interações entre essas organizações, além de universidades, centros de pesquisa e instituições governamentais. Um dos resultados percebidos nesta rede de interações é a produção de conhecimento, produção de bens e serviços e regulação da atividade econômica (Amaral, 2015). Segundo Link e Scott (2006), PCTI são relevantes e desempenham uma ponte para a transferência de conhecimentos da academia para as empresas, possuindo como consequência uma alavancagem do crescimento econômico nacional e regional.

Objetivos: O artigo tem com objetivo analisar a evolução das publicações científicas, realizadas
por pesquisadores acadêmicos, e técnicas, realizadas por gestores dos parques científicos,
tecnológicos e de inovação (PCTI), voltadas à pesquisa sobre o tema. O objetivo se desdobra
em conhecer a origem destes autores e as temáticas mais relevantes para que se fazer
comparações. Metodologia: O estudo vale-se da técnica de análise bibliométrica, com o
objetivo de traçar um comparativo entre a produção acadêmica, publicada em revistas e
periódicos científicos, e a produção técnica e profissional, realizada por profissionais nos
congressos da International Association of Science Parks and Areas of Innovation (IASP). O
estudo focou o período entre 2007 e 2018 em função da disponibilidade de dados. Foram
tratados 177 artigos científicos e 572 comunicações de congresso. A pesquisa dos artigos foi
realizada na base de dados Web of Science e para o material da IASP foi construída uma base
de publicações a partir dos anais dos seus eventos. A análise bibliométrica envolveu a
identificação de autores, países, instituições, PCTI e as temas de publicação a partir da leitura
de títulos, resumos e palavras-chave. Resultados: Foi identificado: o crescimento no recente
interesse de pesquisadores acadêmicos sobre o tema (pós-2015); o número ainda limitado de
publicações acadêmicas (177 em 12 anos); China, Taiwan e Espanha como países com maior
produção acadêmica (40%) e Espanha, Brasil e Estados Unidos como os de maior produção
técnica (35%); e focos em temas distintos; em ambos os casos nota-se foco no macroambiente
(relação entre o PCTI, o governo e a sociedade) e, como esperado, os autores acadêmicos
trataram ainda de questões conceituais (transferência de tecnologia) enquanto os gestores
enfatizaram temas mais relacionados com a gestão operacional. Limitações: Trata-se de um
estudo teórico com limitações relacionadas ao recorte metodológico (termos de busca e técnicas
utilizadas) e as fontes utilizadas. Impactos: O trabalho tem diversos impactos possíveis. Para a
IASP e entidades similares pode servir como uma avaliação dos seus eventos e sinalizar uma
estratégia de temas a serem incorporados, além de permitir a realização de pontes com a
academia. Para a academia pode sinalizar novos temas para pesquisa. Para os parques e gestores
públicos permite uma percepção da relevância do tema em cada país. Originalidade: Não foi
identificado na literatura nenhum estudo similar realizando a comparação entre pesquisadores
acadêmicos e gestores de PCTI.

Objetivos: O trabalho apresenta um esforço de pesquisa para compreender o sucesso da Região do Triângulo da Pesquisa (RTR), um espaço de amplo desenvolvimento econômico, tecnológico e social no Estado da Carolina do Norte, nos Estados Unidos. Esta região tem entre seus elementos mais dinâmicos dois parques tecnológicos: o Research Triangle Park, o maior e um dos mais antigos parques dos EUA, e o Centennial Campus, um ambiente de terceira geração sediado na North Carolina State University. O objetivo do estudo foi fazer um panorama e uma avaliação desses ambientes utilizando o Modelo Amaral para Gestão de Ambientes de Inovação (AMIEM). Forma de abordagem/metodologia: Esta pesquisa é descritiva e exploratória. A pesquisa de campo, conduzida durante fevereiro de 2016 e março de 2017, envolveu revisão de literatura, coleta de documentos e uma série de entrevistas semiestruturadas para compor dois estudos de caso. O AMIEM é um modelo que permite abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa composto de onze fatores que visa mensurar o nível de maturidade das relações entre a academia (geradora de conhecimento), o setor produtivo de bens e serviços (geradores e usuários de conhecimento) e o governo (regulador e fomentador econômico e social) para a geração de tecnologia, inovação e, consequente, desenvolvimento econômico-social, a chamada Triple Helix. Resultados alcançados: A partir da aplicação do AMIEM verificou-se que os parques da RTR têm alto nível de maturidade nas relações universidade-indústria-governo. A pesquisa identificou uma série e iniciativas bem-sucedidas que foram implementadas nos últimos sessenta anos e que explicam o desenvolvimento acelerado da região.

Os autores utilizam a técnica de análise bibliométrica aplicada às publicações científicas sobre a temática para compreender a evolução do movimento da Triple Helix ao longo de sua existência. Este capítulo contribui para que se perceba como o modelo foi utilizado e evoluiu ao longo dos anos. Da mesma forma permite identificar autores e temas que o integram.

O capítulo discute a aplicação de ferramentas práticas derivadas dos modelos da Triple e Quadruple Helix na gestão de ambientes de inovação. A aplicação de um modelo gerencial para avaliação e gestão se dá em um estudo sobre três parques tecnológicos em operação no Estado Rio de Janeiro.

Este capítulo enfoca os modelos derivados da Triple Helix a partir de discussões mais recentes que revisitam essas metáforas e tentam construir novas sínteses. Este capítulo, assim como o anterior, são essencialmente revisões de literatura que estão combinadas com os mais de vinte anos de experiência profissional e de pesquisa dos autores e seus engajamentos em projetos com entes externos à universidade.

Trata-se de um ensaio que revisita ideias contidas na literatura seminal de Etzkowitz e Leydes- dorff com o objetivo é apresentar o modelo da Triple Helix, buscando ir além da visão superficial, porém didática, das três esferas que se superpõem. O modelo tem complexidades e sutilezas; e, por isso, um olhar mais profundo na obra dos autores principais, no seu uso e na compreensão das críticas ajudará os leitores desta obra a ter um melhor entendimento da teoria e do seu uso.

O capítulo discute a relevância do tema inovação, a partir das transformações na forma de produzir e consumir bens e serviços, trazidas pelo avanço das tecnologias de informação e o  movimento de globalização econômica, que ampliaram os mercados e demandaram revisão nas estratégias competitivas das empresas. A partir desse preâmbulo, os conceitos Schumpeteriamo e moderno de inovação, em suas vertentes de produção e de processo de negócios, são apresentados. Classificações e tipologias complementares relacionadas com o grau e a abrangência da inovação são trazidos à baila como forma de discutir a gestão da inovação nos âmbitos nacional, regional/local e empresarial, o que permite o leitor formar amplo aspectro sobre o tema, compreendendo a importância da inovação para a economia e a administração.

A importância da interação Universidade-Empresa tem sido reforçada ao longo dos
anos por muitos países e várias pesquisas procuram investigar os aspectos envolvidos
nesta relação. Esta pesquisa tratou de analisar as interações universidade-empresagoverno-
sociedade no IF Sudeste MG e a emergência de uma universidade com uma
postura empreendedora. Tendo por objetivo apresentar um modelo de avaliação da
maturidade das interações do IF Sudeste MG com os demais atores da Hélice
Quádrupla a fim de promover a atuação como universidade empreendedora. Optouse
pela construção do modelo baseado na revisão da literatura, somados com pesquisa
documental e bibliográfica, além de um estudo de caso composto de entrevistas
semiestruturadas e observação participante. Pode-se concluir que o modelo de
avaliação de maturidade apresentado, mostra-se como proposta para fortalecer as
interações da instituição, tendo o Núcleo de Inovação Tecnológica papel
preponderante para fazer a transição dos níveis de maturidade, considerando que o
núcleo é encarregado de promover a proteção das invenções e transferir o
conhecimento e tecnologia externamente. O modelo proposto pode ser aplicado para
o estudo em outras organizações similares.

O trabalho do Fábio de Souza Schwartz, o qual tive o privilégio de acompanhar o seu desenvolvimento, faz a conexão entre o mundo do direito e da economia de uma forma iluminada. O conteúdo deste livro joga um facho de luz sobre questões da pós-contemporaneidade tão prementes neste primeiro quartil do século XXI, sendo, portanto, um documento de leitura quase obrigatória. A nova forma de produzir e consumir bens e serviços na nossa sociedade mudou radicalmente em um horizonte de quatro décadas. Houve uma intensa intangibilização do consumo. O que antes era um disco de vinil, virou um CD, que virou um DVD, que virou uma assinatura do Spotify. A economia colaborativa, acompanhada da economia compartilhamento e complementada por estratégias de recorrência são fenômenos presentes, crescentes e sem retorno. O mundo da Uber, do AirBnB, da Netflix e das redes sociais veio pra ficar. Tal transformação é habilitadas pelas rápida evolução das tecnologias de informação e comunicação e pela mudança de hábitos culturais e sociais. Neste contexto, a intermediação de serviços também mudou e com isso as relações e consumo estão sendo alteradas deixando o status quo e os arcabouços jurídicos nacionais e supranacionais obsoletos. Do ponto de vista econômico, a facilitação da intermediação reduz custos de transação e tornam processos mais eficientes e produtos e serviços mais acessíveis para a grande massa consumidora. Não é mais necessário recursos para possuir o bem, pode-se aluga-lo, emprestá-lo, trocá-lo, produzir junto, etc... O consumidor vira produtor, o produtor pode ser consumidor também, ambos podem produzir e consumir juntos, ou seja, uma miríade de novas relações cujos contratos legais e relações formais não cobrem. O que o trabalho do Fábio faz é dar ordem a todo esse caos ocasionado por estas rápidas transformações e colocar os diversos movimentos e tendências que se superpõem em um caldeirão, permitindo analisar do ponto de vista do consumidor como as novas relações o afetam. A proposta, construída por analogia e indução, de se criar uma figura complementar de fornecedor-o fornenedor fiduciário-, em sendo aquele que traz confiança ao processo, é brilhante tanto do ponto de vista de interpretação da realidade corrente, quanto do ponto de vista de propor uma solução jurídica à intrincada rede de relações que são constituídas. Cabe agora aos legisladores darem vida a ideia já ensejada.