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    J. Martinmoreno

    The aim of the present study was to assess the principal food sources of energy and nutrients among Spanish children. We used a cross-sectional study design, based on results obtained from a food-frequency questionnaire. The sample... more
    The aim of the present study was to assess the principal food sources of energy and nutrients among Spanish children. We used a cross-sectional study design, based on results obtained from a food-frequency questionnaire. The sample included 1112 children, aged 6–7 years, from Cadiz, Madrid, Orense and Murcia, Spain. Children were selected through random cluster-sampling in schools. We analysed the percentage contributed by each food item to total energy and nutrient intake. The most important food sources were: white bread in the case of carbohydrate (13·4 %); olive oil in the case of total lipids (18·3 %) and monounsaturated fatty acids (29·2 %); whole milk in the case of protein (10·2 %) and saturated fatty acids (14·9 %); chips (French fried potatoes) in the case of polyunsaturated fatty acids (30·4 %). The greatest proportion of Na, consumed in excess, came from salt added to meals. Ham ranked second as a source of saturated fats. Fruits and green leafy vegetables proved to have...
    ObjectiveTo compare the anthropometric, alimentary, nutritional and lipid profiles and global diet quality of Spanish children according to saturated fat intake.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study. Food data were collected using a... more
    ObjectiveTo compare the anthropometric, alimentary, nutritional and lipid profiles and global diet quality of Spanish children according to saturated fat intake.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study. Food data were collected using a food-frequency questionnaire.Subjects and methodsThe sample included 1112 children of both sexes, aged between 6 and 7 years, selected by means of random cluster sampling in schools. The plasma lipid profile included measurements of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) and apolipoprotein B (apoB). Global diet quality was evaluated by the Dietary Variety Index (DVI) and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI).ResultsEnergy intake, DVI and HEI of children from the lower quartile of saturated fat intake (LL) were higher (P < 001) than in the remaining children (UL). However, there were no significant differences in average height or weight between groups. The UL childr...
    Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prospective association of eGFR, calculated by using CKD-EPI, with all-cause mortality and in-hospital admissions for newly diagnosed cardiovascular endpoints in high-risk... more
    Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prospective association of eGFR, calculated by using CKD-EPI, with all-cause mortality and in-hospital admissions for newly diagnosed cardiovascular endpoints in high-risk subjects from a health registry from Valencia (Spain) from 2008 to 2012. Figure. No caption available. Design and method: 54,620 men and women aged 30 years or older with at least one of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidemia, who attended for routine health maintenance have been selected. Patients with a history of a previous CVD event were excluded. At the time of inclusion information about CV risk factors and their active treatments as well as smoking habit and biochemistry lab values were collected from the EHR. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD-EPI. Participants were followed-up for the first episode of hospitalization for myocardial infarction or stroke and all cause of death were collected....
    Over the past few decades, public health systems have been slowly but steadily eroding, culminating in national governments’ inability to swiftly respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. This structural erosion has not only led to a lack of... more
    Over the past few decades, public health systems have been slowly but steadily eroding, culminating in national governments’ inability to swiftly respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. This structural erosion has not only led to a lack of preparedness, but also a decreased the ability of governments to generate sufficient human, physical, financial and knowledge resources. However, key lessons can be learned from governments’ responses to the pandemic and in identifying factors contributing to failure or success. In light of historical trends and national case studies, the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER) highlights essentials for the strengthening and “building back better” of our public health systems moving forward as well as calls upon key stakeholders to take action.
    Dairy products might influence breast cancer (BC) risk. However, evidence is inconsistent. We sought to examine the association between dairy product consumption—and their subtypes—and incident BC in a Mediterranean cohort. The SUN... more
    Dairy products might influence breast cancer (BC) risk. However, evidence is inconsistent. We sought to examine the association between dairy product consumption—and their subtypes—and incident BC in a Mediterranean cohort. The SUN (“Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra”) Project is a Spanish dynamic ongoing cohort of university graduates. Dairy product consumption was estimated through a previously validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Incident BC was reported in biennial follow-up questionnaires and confirmed with revision of medical records and consultation of the National Death Index. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with Cox regression models. Among 123,297 women-years of follow-up (10,930 women, median follow-up 12.1 years), we confirmed 119 incident BC cases. We found a nonlinear association between total dairy product consumption and BC incidence (pnonlinear = 0.048) and a significant inverse association for women with modera...
    Inter-country alliances, articulated through regional approaches, have increasingly been used to drive economic development and social progress in the past several decades. The South Eastern Europe Health Network (SEEHN) stands out among... more
    Inter-country alliances, articulated through regional approaches, have increasingly been used to drive economic development and social progress in the past several decades. The South Eastern Europe Health Network (SEEHN) stands out among these types of initiatives for the tangible improvements it has achieved in regional governance for health, with several important lessons for public health leaders worldwide. This review paper, written by several key participants in SEEHN operation, follows the main milestones in network development, including its foundation under the Stability Pact’s Initiative for Social Cohesion and the three ministerial forums that have shaped its evolution, in order to show how it can constitute a model for regional collaboration in public health. Herewith we summarise the main accomplishments of the network and highlight the keys to its success, drawing lessons that both international bodies and other regions may use in their own design of collaborative initi...
    The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential impact of hypertension in the increased CVD risk associated with CKD in a population with at least one main CV risk factor (CVRF), hypertension, dyslipidemia or... more
    The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential impact of hypertension in the increased CVD risk associated with CKD in a population with at least one main CV risk factor (CVRF), hypertension, dyslipidemia or diabetes.(Figure is included in full-text article.) : 54,620 men and women aged 30 years or older with at least one of main CVRF (hypertension, diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidemia), who attended for routine health maintenance have been selected. Patients with a history of a previous CVD event were excluded. At the time of inclusion information about CVRF and their active treatments as well as smoking habit and biochemistry lab values were collected from the EHR. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD-EPI. Participants were followed-up for the first episode of hospitalization for myocardial infarction or stroke and all cause of death were collected. Interaction terms for dichotomous eGFR (>=60, <60 ml/min/1.73 m2) with the corresponding indicator variables for subgroups defined by sex, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity in separate models were calculated using the Wald test. 54,620 patients were included. Hypertension was present in 76%, dislipidemia 86%, diabetes in 35.5% and obesity in 41,8%. A total of 7884 (14.4%) patients had eGFR below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and among them 1807 (3.3%) 45 ml/min/1.73 m2 or lower. During a time follow-up of 3.2 years, patients years exposure, 960 death were recorded. A significant increment in the risk for total mortality was observed in subjects with eGFR 45 ml/min/1.73 m2 or below adjusted for multiple potential confounders (HR 1.83, 1.28-2.62; CI 95th). In normotensive subjects the risk did not increase below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 in contrast with the increment in hypertensives. (Figure 1 on the previous page). eGFR is a prevalent condition in patients with the main CV risk factors. eGFR below <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 increases mortality risk. Hypertension by itself had an important role in the risk of mortality in patients with low eGFR on top of other CV risk factors.
    This document reviews the current policy and legislation instruments and tools in place for delivering public health operations in the WHO European Region. It aims to underpin and complement the European Action Plan for Strengthening... more
    This document reviews the current policy and legislation instruments and tools in place for delivering public health operations in the WHO European Region. It aims to underpin and complement the European Action Plan for Strengthening Public Health Capacities and Services (EAP). It provides initial findings on the wide spectrum of legal and policy frameworks at regional and global levels discovered by mapping the available public health instruments and tools across 10 essential public health operations (EPHOs). The main findings are that at the global level legally binding instruments and tools are mainly concentrated in EPHO 3 (health protection) with 306 tools, EPHO 4 (health promotion) with 31 and EPHO 6 (governance) with 41. This corresponds to more than 90% of the total number of public health tools. However, there were only 2 tools for EPHO 5 (disease prevention), 3 for EPHO 7 (workforce) and 1 for EPHO 8 (organizational structures and financing). No legally binding tools were ...
    Research Interests:
    No study that analyzes how the investigators who work in the Spanish hospitals perceived and evaluate the current research system has been performed. This work, carried out by the Scientific Forum of the Lilly Foundation, aims to improve... more
    No study that analyzes how the investigators who work in the Spanish hospitals perceived and evaluate the current research system has been performed. This work, carried out by the Scientific Forum of the Lilly Foundation, aims to improve the level of information on the research activity performed in the hospitals. By means of a «self-administered» interview made up of 34 items and aimed at physicians and other research professionals who work in the Spanish hospitals (272 surveyed), 3 questions were analyzed: a) general situation of biomedical research in Spain; b) administration of available resources: need for better resources, and c) evaluation and giving priority to biomedical research. The use of the data has shown strengths in the system such as the initiatives to promote research through contracts with FIS and post-residency (7.6/10 points); the beneficial effects of research and care quality (7.3/10); or support of the pharmaceutical industry through the sponsoring of clinical trials (6.9/10). However, it has also shown that there are some weaknesses in the organization of the centers, as for example, those referring to the differentiated allocation of the care cost of the research activity (5.1/10); to the coordination between them and the health care centers (2.8/10); to the integration and organization among care, teaching and research (3.6/10); and to decide the priorities (5.2/10) and evaluation (5.2/10) of the research activities. Furthermore, the value of the research as a fundamental activity of the hospitals is emphasized (4.7/10). The investigators surveyed consider that biomedical research in recent decades in the hospital setting has significantly improved and has had a positive effect in the number of publications. The subjects surveyed consider that research should have greater institutional support and recognition, and a more translational orientation, which would be translated into better quality of life of the citizens and registry of patents.
    Summary: The authors of a European Parliament report on palliative care summarise the process of the five-month investigation, as well as the real and potential results of the study. Engaging a large number of national and international... more
    Summary: The authors of a European Parliament report on palliative care summarise the process of the five-month investigation, as well as the real and potential results of the study. Engaging a large number of national and international stakeholders, including ministries of health, national palliative care associations and the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC), we were able to draw on a well of previous research and diverse experiences before formulating operative policy options for the EU and its Member States. While the report itself fomented some self-examination in the countries studied, its full exploitation by palliative care advocates is still pending.
    Research Interests:
    Background The Escarval-Risk study aims to validate cardiovascular risk scales in patients with hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia living in the Valencia Community, a European Mediterranean region, based on data from an electronic... more
    Background The Escarval-Risk study aims to validate cardiovascular risk scales in patients with hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia living in the Valencia Community, a European Mediterranean region, based on data from an electronic health recording system comparing predicted events with observed during 5 years follow-up study. Methods/Design A cohort prospective 5 years follow-up study has been designed including 25000 patients with hypertension, diabetes and/or dyslipidemia attended in usual clinical practice. All information is registered in a unique electronic health recording system (ABUCASIS) that is the usual way to register clinical practice in the Valencian Health System (primary and secondary care). The system covers about 95% of population (near 5 million people). The system is linked with database of mortality register, hospital withdrawals, prescriptions and assurance databases in which each individual have a unique identification number. Diagnoses in clinical practic...
    This overview describes the principles of the 4th edition of the European Code against Cancer and provides an introduction to the 12 recommendations to reduce cancer risk. Among the 504.6 million inhabitants of the member states of the... more
    This overview describes the principles of the 4th edition of the European Code against Cancer and provides an introduction to the 12 recommendations to reduce cancer risk. Among the 504.6 million inhabitants of the member states of the European Union (EU28), there are annually 2.64 million new cancer cases and 1.28 million deaths from cancer. It is estimated that this cancer burden could be reduced by up to one half if scientific knowledge on causes of cancer could be translated into successful prevention. The Code is a preventive tool aimed to reduce the cancer burden by informing people how to avoid or reduce carcinogenic exposures, adopt behaviours to reduce the cancer risk, or to participate in organised intervention programmes. The Code should also form a base to guide national health policies in cancer prevention. The 12 recommendations are: not smoking or using other tobacco products; avoiding second-hand smoke; being a healthy body weight; encouraging physical activity; having a healthy diet; limiting alcohol consumption, with not drinking alcohol being better for cancer prevention; avoiding too much exposure to ultraviolet radiation; avoiding cancer-causing agents at the workplace; reducing exposure to high levels of radon; encouraging breastfeeding; limiting the use of hormone replacement therapy; participating in organised vaccination programmes against hepatitis B for newborns and human papillomavirus for girls; and participating in organised screening programmes for bowel cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer.
    To compare the anthropometric, alimentary, nutritional and lipid profiles and global diet quality of Spanish children according to saturated fat intake. This was a cross-sectional study. Food data were collected using a food-frequency... more
    To compare the anthropometric, alimentary, nutritional and lipid profiles and global diet quality of Spanish children according to saturated fat intake. This was a cross-sectional study. Food data were collected using a food-frequency questionnaire. The sample included 1112 children of both sexes, aged between 6 and 7 years, selected by means of random cluster sampling in schools. The plasma lipid profile included measurements of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) and apolipoprotein B (apoB). Global diet quality was evaluated by the Dietary Variety Index (DVI) and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Energy intake, DVI and HEI of children from the lower quartile of saturated fat intake (LL) were higher (P<001) than in the remaining children (UL). However, there were no significant differences in average height or weight between groups. The UL children had lower intakes of meat, fish, vegetables, fruits and olive oil and a higher intake of dairy products (P<0.001). The intakes of fibre, vitamins C, D, B6, E and folic acid were higher in the LL children, who had lower intakes of vitamin A and calcium. The ratios LDL-C/HDL-C and apoB/apoA1 were lower (P=0.04) in the LL children (1.87 and 0.52, respectively) than in the UL children (2.02 and 0.54, respectively). The growth rate of children does not seem to be affected by the level of saturated fat intake. Furthermore, at the levels of intake observed in this study, diets with less saturated fat are associated with better alimentary, nutritional and plasma lipid profiles.
    Although dietary variety has been associated with a better nutritional profile, its possible role in obesity raises doubts about its overall health benefits. In this study, we examined the association between dietary variety and... more
    Although dietary variety has been associated with a better nutritional profile, its possible role in obesity raises doubts about its overall health benefits. In this study, we examined the association between dietary variety and anthropometric variables, food intake and various food intake biomarkers in Spanish children. This was a cross-sectional study of 1112 children aged 6-7 years from Cadiz, Murcia, Orense and Madrid, who were selected by means of the random cluster-sampling of schools. Information concerning food and nutrient intake was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire, and a dietary variety index (DVI) was calculated on the basis of the number of different foods consumed more than once a month. The anthropometric variables (weight and height), and plasma lipid and vitamin levels were determined using standardised methods. Our results show that the body mass index (BMI) did not vary substantially as a function of DVI: it was 16.9 in the lowest DVI tertile and 17.2 in the highest (p=0.20). Unlike BMI, the DVI positively correlated (p<0.05) with the plasma levels of alpha and beta-carotene, lycopene, retinol, alpha-tocopherol and vitamin E, with energy intake, and with most of the foods, particularly vegetables, fruit and sausages (respective correlation coefficients of 0.43, 0.26 and 0.23). Dietary variety is associated with a better food and nutritional profile in Spanish children. Nevertheless, the presence of a positive association between the DVI and energy intake, and the consumption of sausages and pre-cooked products calls for the recommendation of a varied diet of healthy foods, such as cereals (especially whole grains), fruits and vegetables.
    To estimate the lifetime prevalence of drug and alcohol use and its sociodemographic determinants and to investigate opinions towards drug use in Spain, we examined a representative nation-wide sample of 2495 adult Spaniards, males and... more
    To estimate the lifetime prevalence of drug and alcohol use and its sociodemographic determinants and to investigate opinions towards drug use in Spain, we examined a representative nation-wide sample of 2495 adult Spaniards, males and females, aged 18 y or older, selected by a multistaged random strategy during 1989. Information was obtained by at-home interviews using a structured closed questionnaire. Participants were asked for their lifetime prevalence of use of cannabis, sedatives and sleeping pills, alcohol, amphetamines, inhalants, cocaine and heroin, as well as for their sociodemographic characteristics and their opinions towards drug use. Alcohol had the highest lifetime prevalence of consumption (55.7%), followed by cannabis (12.3%), sedatives and sleeping pills (12.0%), amphetamines (4.3%), cocaine (3.0%), inhalants (0.8%) and heroin (0.6%). Being male, young, separated or divorced, and unemployed were the main determinants of alcohol and drug use. A higher use of illicit drugs was also observed in the higher socio-economic groups. Regular use of any drug was considered a risky health habit by more than 80% of the sample. We conclude that the consumption of drugs and alcohol is a rather extended habit in Spain. Drug users tend to share some common sociodemographic characteristics (being male, young, separated or divorced, and unemployed) which may help target intervention programs.