Berytus

Mdawar 168 funerary space is composed of 50 burials. Its location along the Roman road situated between Berytus pomoerium and the far limits of the suburbium allow to relate it to a local urban context well-known by its suburbium funerary spaces. It was used from the first half of the 1st century to the end of the 4th century AD. Thanks to the site phasing, it has been possible to detect the organisation of the funerary area and the evolution of inhumation practices, from the point of view of burial typology (particularly the kind of container being used) as from the grave goods and, of course, the biological identities. This site brings a wide range of evidence that permits identifying funerary practices in the eastern Roman colonies.

This paper summerizes the hellenistic coin finds on sites BEY 002, BEY 006, BEY 004, BEY 026, BEY 145, BEY 125, BEY 133, BEY 142 and BEY 144 from Beirut. The full data presented the VXth INC Glasgow, 2009,  are consultable in the "Talks" section of the current page of Academia.

Excavations in the immediate area of the Roman theater in Beirut have yielded a total of 451 bronze coins, the classification of which has provided an insight into the production and circulation of coins in the city throughout the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods.

During the first century B.C., with the rise of the Roman Empire, the Levant became the scene of cosmopolitanism where many heteroclite cultures would coexist. The new cosmopolitan society had Rome as its capital (Caput Mundi), and roads drawn up by the army linking the rest of the empire to its capital. Recent rescue excavations (since 2005) in Berytus (Beirut) and Botrys (Batroun) have revealed a considerable amount of unpublished data on populations who lived in the region during the four centuries of the Roman Empire until the early centuries of Christianity. Following an archaeo-anthropological approach, this thesis presents an assessment of eight funerary sites (n= 290) from the cities of Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus and Botrys. Significantly, Botrys, unlike Berytus, did not have the status of a Roman colony. This research seeks to contribute to the history of these two cities. The purpose is to understand the populations of the past through the study of the skeletons, rituals and funerary practices as well as the organisation of funerary spaces. This study primarily reveals a cultural and biological cosmopolitanism illustrated by variability in funerary practices and in biological characteristics. These results suggest that at least two different groups or more coexisted in the Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus. On the contrary, the biocultural data of Botrys skeletons reveal a less cosmopolitan city with less diversity shown on different anthropological and cultural levels. Indeed, the similarity of funerary practices, body treatments, grave goods and the organisation of the funerary space and biological homogeneity are indisputable in Botrys. Comparative analysis between Berytus and Botrys highlighted an existing biological heterogeneity at different scales between individuals of both cities. However, this diversity is contradicted by the homogeneity of the females of both cities during the 2th and the 4th century A. D.

Keywords : Berytus, Botrys, Levant, roman period, roman colony, funerary practices, religious beliefs, archaeoanthropology, archaeothanatology, morphometry, non metric anatomical traits, population health, spatial distribution of burial practices.

Located 9 km south of the city of Saida in southern Lebanon, Tell el-Burak has been the focus of eight excavation seasons (2001–2003, 2005, and 2008–2011) that have uncovered three main settlement phases dating to the Mamluk/ Ottoman period and the Iron and Middle Bronze Ages. 1 In Area I, a Mamluk/Ottoman period structure was found overlaying a monumental mud-brick building from the Middle Bronze Age (Figure 1). Area II yielded a massive revetment wall that was built during the Middle Bronze Age. Later, in the Iron Age, a fortification wall was erected on top of this earlier revetment wall. In Area III, buildings dating from the Middle. 1 Cf. the preliminary reports Finkbeiner and Sader 2001; Kamlah and Sader 2003; 2004; 2008; 2010. The Tell el-Burak Project is a joint project of the American University of Beirut (represented by Hélène Sader), the University of Tübingen (represented by Jens Kamlah), and the Oriental Department of the German Archaeological Institute (represented by ...

Study of 2189 coins found on three archaeological sites in Jemmayzeh, the eastern entry of Beirut. The finds stretch from the Persian to the modern period. The Medieval and contemporary coins are studied by Hassan el-Akra. Find attached the contents and the introduction.

PhD thesis at University of Bordeaux.
Advisors: Dominique Castex, Frédérique Blaizot

FUNERARY PRACTICES AND BIOLOGICAL IDENTITIES IN BERYTUS AND BOTRYS DURING THE ROMAN PERIOD (Lebanon, Ith Century B.C. - IVth Century A.D.)

During the first century B.C., with the rise of the Roman Empire, the Levant became the scene of cosmopolitanism where many heteroclite cultures would coexist. The new cosmopolitan society had Rome as its capital (Caput Mundi), and roads drawn up by the army linking the rest of the empire to its capital. Recent rescue excavations (since 2005) in Berytus (Beirut) and Botrys (Batroun) have revealed a considerable amount of unpublished data on populations who lived in the region during the four centuries of the Roman Empire until the early centuries of Christianity. Following an archaeo-anthropological approach, this thesis presents an assessment of eight funerary sites (n= 290) from the cities of Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus and Botrys. Significantly, Botrys, unlike Berytus, did not have the status of a Roman colony. This research seeks to contribute to the history of these two cities. The purpose is to understand the populations of the past through the study of the skeletons, rituals and funerary practices as well as the organisation of funerary spaces. This study primarily reveals a cultural and biological cosmopolitanism illustrated by variability in funerary practices and in biological characteristics. These results suggest that at least two different groups or more coexisted in the Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus. On the contrary, the biocultural data of Botrys skeletons reveal a less cosmopolitan city with less diversity  shown on different anthropological and cultural levels. Indeed, the similarity of funerary practices, body treatments, grave goods and the organisation of the funerary space and biological homogeneity are indisputable in Botrys. Comparative analysis between Berytus and Botrys highlighted an existing biological heterogeneity at different scales between individuals of both cities. However, this diversity is contradicted by the homogeneity of the females of both cities during the 2th and the 4th century A. D.

Keywords : Berytus, Botrys, Levant, roman period, roman colony, funerary practices, religious beliefs, archaeoanthropology, archaeothanatology, morphometry, non metric anatomical traits, population health, spatial distribution of burial practices.



Online access:
http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0070
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01369038

This paper presents a study of 95 bronze coins found recently by the french mission from Lyon at Tyre. These finds stretch from the Hellenistic to the byzantine period. The comparison of this assemblage with the finds from the necropolis and the Apollo sanctuary at Tyre as well as those from Deb'aal and Umm el-'Amed allowed to draw a certain pattern of the coin circulation in Tyre and its region.

Ceramic vessels have been an essential component of daily life in the Levant for 9,000 years, yet the processes shaping the introduction, development, and dissemination of pottery technology in the region remain poorly understood. This paper presents new ceramic data from the Neolithic of the Biqāc Valley and Lebanese coast and reexamines published information to investigate the earliest potting traditions in Lebanon. The aim of this work is to organize and synthesize the data available on Neolithic pottery from Lebanon and to place the assemblage in its broader regional context, thereby gaining a better understanding of the trajectory of the adoption and dissemination of pottery technology in the Levant.

Ceramic vessels have been an essential component of daily life in the Levant for 9,000 years, yet the processes shaping the introduction, development, and dissemination of pottery technology in the region remain poorly understood. This paper presents new ceramic data from the Neolithic of the Biqā c Valley and Lebanese coast and reexamines published information to investigate the earliest potting traditions in Lebanon. The aim of this work is to organize and synthesize the data available on Neolithic pottery from Lebanon and to place the assemblage in its broader regional context, thereby gaining a better understanding of the trajectory of the adoption and dissemination of pottery technology in the Levant.

Au cours du premier siècle avant notre ère le Levant devient le théâtre d’un cosmopolitisme où maintes cultures hétéroclites vont coexister avec l'avènement de l’Empire romain.  Les fouilles préventives récentes (depuis 2005) à Berytus (Beyrouth) et à Botrys (Batroun) ont mis au jour une quantité considérable de données inédites sur l’homme et sur les populations qui vivaient dans la région durant les quatre siècles de l’Empire romain et jusqu’au début du Christianisme. Nous allons présenter les résultats d’une étude archéo‐anthropologique de huit ensembles funéraires (n=290) provenant de la Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus et de la ville de Botrys qui contrairement à Berytus n’a pas le statut de colonia romana, ce travail propose de contribuer à l’histoire de ces deux villes.  Cette étude révèle en premier lieu un cosmopolitisme culturel et biologique illustré par la variabilité des pratiques funéraires et par la diversité biologique des deux ou plusieurs groupes qui ont dû coexister à la Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus. Par contre, les données bio-culturelles de Botrys évoquent quant à elles, une cité moins cosmopolite, moins diversifiée sur les plans anthropologiques et culturels. En effet, la ressemblance des modes d’inhumation, du traitement du corps, du mobilier funéraire et la structuration de l’espace funéraire et l’homogénéité biologique sont incontestables à Botrys. En revanche, les analyses comparatives entre Berytus et Botrys ont mis en évidence une hétérogénéité biologique existante à plusieurs échelles entre les individus des deux villes. Cette distance est brisée par l’homogénéité du corpus féminin des deux villes pour la période qui s'étend du IIème au IVème siècle de notre ère.

This paper reflects the two seasons of fieldwork undertaken in 2005 and 2006 by a small team in part of the Shin basalt region, or Wa'ar, as it is known locally, to the north-west of Homs. It builds upon initial work undertaken in the basalt region as part of the Settlement and Landscape of the Homs Region Project (SHR Project). The work is focussed on understanding the development of the deserted village variously known as Khirbet Deir Salam or more usually Dar es-Salaam ('House of Peace'or 'Place of Peace').

... | Ayuda. Coinage in sixth century Beirut: preliminary observations. Autores: Kevin Butcher; Localización: Berytus: Archaeological Studies, ISSN 0067-6195, Nº 43, 1997‑1998 , pags. 173-180. © 2001-2010 Universidad de La Rioja · Todos los derechos reservados. ...

... | Ayuda. New questions and answers in the mocromorphology of the occupation deposits at the Souks site, Beirut. Autores: Charles AI French, Nicole Boivin; Localización: Berytus: Archaeological Studies, ISSN 0067-6195, Nº 43, 1997‑1998 , pags. 181-210. ...