Design is increasingly seen as a transformational power and basis for innovation. Design methods, design attitudes and approaches are being looked upon as tools to create and deliver sustained value. Commercially motivated Businesses see... more
Design is increasingly seen as a transformational power and basis for innovation. Design methods, design attitudes and approaches are being looked upon as tools to create and deliver sustained value. Commercially motivated Businesses see design as source of competitive advantage to innovate; socially motivated organisations are increasingly using design thinking as holistic problem solving tool and governments are exploring how design make their systems and process effective.
All the three sectors are important constituents of a nation’s economy. However, the challenges and opportunities of developing nation are different from those of a developed economy. Therefore, even though design is already making inroads in the developing economies, a serious thought needs to be given to what role should design play in such scenario.
This paper explores the rationale and objectives of developing nation’s design policies, the way design is adopted by the business organisations and the use of design in the social sector. The paper further discusses the capabilities approach and the concept of external capabilities. A framework based on this approach is proposed. This framework outlines the relationship of design with the constituents of the economy. Separate recommendations for academic institution in developing nations are proposed.
A case study was conducted to find out to what extent Jordan Business Organizations (JBO's) use empowerment at different managerial levels and to explore the attitudes of the employees towards empowerment, to see if they are familiar with... more
A case study was conducted to find out to what extent Jordan Business Organizations (JBO's) use empowerment at different managerial levels and to explore the attitudes of the employees towards empowerment, to see if they are familiar with this concept. 100 Jordanian enterprises were contacted and received responses from 70 enterprises who agreed to participate in the research. Two managers from each enterprise were interviewed and filled out surveys, a total of 140 respondents. The results showed that empowerment concept was very clear to the vast majority of respondents based on the practices of HRM. Results show that (50%) of responses ranged between clear and very clear, on questions regarding the empowerment concept in delegation of authority, delegation of skills and team control. and the rest are not so clear in question one. About 79% are clear or very clear on the empowerment concept in achieving employees’ objectives. Approximately 56% are clear or very clear on the empowerment concept and the optimal use of HRM. About 72% of respondents see the clear/very clear connection of the empowerment concept through the democracy level in the organization. About 50% of respondents believe that always that the improvement of the organization depend on employee empowerment and approximately 36 % of respondents believe it always increases production and 50% or respondents believe that always glorifying achievement of employees shows the extent of empowerment. Results also showed that more than 57% are always satisfied with work while the rest are mostly satisfied. More than 71% of respondents believe that empowerment improves work atmosphere and approximately 50% of respondents believe that opportunities are always utilized when empowering employees. Greater than 64% of respondents believe that it always boosts confidence levels when empowering employees.
The study empirically assessed tax evasion and the ethical reasons put up to justify it across major tribes/cultures of individual Nigerian taxpayers. Earlier studies were reviewed before questionnaire administration on respondents... more
The study empirically assessed tax evasion and the ethical reasons put up to justify it across major tribes/cultures of individual Nigerian taxpayers. Earlier studies were reviewed before questionnaire administration on respondents (n=500). Data were analysed with parametric and non-parametric statistics using SPSS 19. The results show high level of tax evasion and the three ethical reasons examined are found to have strong influence on tax evasion with significant difference along culture and religion. Generally, group identity (tribe/culture and religion) is found to show highest influence on tax evasion as well as its ethical reasons, but the difference is more pronounced for religious identification and participation. Hausas are found to be highest evaders among Nigerians. Similarly, worshipers of traditional religions evade taxes more than any others. Igbos and Yorubas exhibited similar pattern of opinions on ethical reasons for evasion as well as tax evasion. Other variables s...
This paper has tried to assess the impact of COVID-19 on stock return in different sectors listed under Dhaka Stock Exchange in Bangladesh during the period from 08 March 2020 to 15 September 2020. To measure the impact of COVID-19 on... more
This paper has tried to assess the impact of COVID-19 on stock return in different sectors listed under Dhaka Stock Exchange in Bangladesh during the period from 08 March 2020 to 15 September 2020. To measure the impact of COVID-19 on stock return, daily change in number of confirmed cases and deaths have been used as independent variables and DSE stock return has been taken as variable of interest. Data were collected from Bangladesh Government's official portal, DSE archive and annual reports of listed firms. Sample is selected using two stage sampling method which is a probabilistic model. To test the validity of the used model, Pearson's correlations analysis, Breusch and Pagan's heteroscedasticity test, White's homoscedasticity test and Hausman's fixed random tests are conducted. After testing the validity, fixed effect method of panel data regression model has been used to test the two hypotheses. The result reveals that most of the sectors responded negatively to the growth in COVID-19 confirmed cases. It is also observed that selected sectors reacted more proactively to the growth in number of deaths as compared to the growth in number of confirmed cases. Where banking and textile sectors are the most sufferers to the growth of both confirmed cases and deaths, pharmaceuticals & chemicals industry proved out to be the gainers. The findings will have policy implications for the regulators as well as for the investors to design the optimum portfolio of investment. The study will add new dimensions to the existing literature.
Tax compliance studies, which are linked with the study of human behavior, remain complex and evolve. The complex nature of taxpayers who are humans coupled with the inconsistencies in the methodologies and approaches used by tax... more
Tax compliance studies, which are linked with the study of human behavior, remain complex and evolve. The complex nature of taxpayers who are humans coupled with the inconsistencies in the methodologies and approaches used by tax compliance researchers, has added to the complexity. Again, it remains unclear as to what motivates a typical individual taxpayer in a developing economy to honor his or her tax obligations voluntarily. To understand this complexity, a survey was conducted using questionnaires containing a list of economic and noneconomic tax compliance factors. A total of five hundred (500) respondents who are taxpayers located in four different developing economies were selected. The study found that understanding tax compliance decisions of individual taxpayers in developing economies requires at least some appreciation of the underlying factors which influence individual taxpayer‟s decision on whether or not to pay taxes. The findings from this study suggest that tax compliance decisions of individual taxpayers in developing economies are largely influenced by non-economic factors. However, to achieve improved tax compliance among individuals in a developing country, equal attention is required on both factors. Further, the study provides some preliminary evidence that paying attention to non-economic factors could play a vital role in improving tax compliance level among individuals by up to 89% whereas compliance level could improve by only 11% if attention is paid to only the economic aspects of tax compliance decisions.
Examining Kazakhstan’s foreign policy through the lens of its position as the largest landlocked, and transcontinental, country in the world, the paper presents a multidimensional analysis of the unique soft power strategy adopted... more
Examining Kazakhstan’s foreign policy through the lens of its position as the largest landlocked, and transcontinental, country in the world, the paper presents a multidimensional analysis of the unique soft power strategy adopted recently by this nation in promoting its various international initiatives in its region. In doing so, the paper attempts to understand the implications of Kazakhstan’s distinctive geopolitical setting at the heart of Eurasia for regional integration and security-building initiatives that have been proposed and actively supported by this transitional nation. The paper focuses on investigating key political and socioeconomic aspects of the country’s location at the intersection of Europe and Asia and analyses whether a symbiotic relationship exists between Kazakhstan’s multi-vectored foreign policy and the wide range of its international initiatives aiming to promote economic development, partnership and peaceful coexistence between various nations in the region. The key findings and generalizations of the research will facilitate better understanding of the implications of landlocked geography for the direction of foreign policy, using concrete examples and manifestations of political decisions made in the area.
Women's work in developing economies, such as India, does not necessarily present an opportunity to fight poverty. On the contrary, though women are... more
Women's work in developing economies, such as India, does not necessarily present an opportunity to fight poverty. On the contrary, though women are contributing enormously to the social and economic product at national and global levels, they remain at the bottom in the hierarchy of power and rewards in the work place. The primary thesis of this article is that
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the impact of an increase in the price of energy (oil) on the growth and welfare of a small developing economy. We consider the extent to which the impacts of energy price shocks depend upon the economy’s... more
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the impact of an increase in the price of energy (oil) on the growth and welfare of a small developing economy. We consider the extent to which the impacts of energy price shocks depend upon the economy’s internal production structure and its access to the world financial market. We find that the effect on the long-run growth rate depends heavily on the former and is independent of the latter. The effect of accessibility to the world financial market on long-run welfare depends heavily on the elasticity of substitution in production. We supplement the formal analysis with numerical simulations, thereby enabling us to characterize the short-run dynamics. Overall, the simulations can replicate much of the empirical evidence used to characterize the effects of the recent oil price increases on the economy. They also highlight the sensitivity of the effect of the energy price to the elasticity of substitution. KeywordsEnergy prices–Growth–Welfare–Developing economy
The general intention of this Publication is to feature Electronic Payment Systems in a Developing Economy with reference to Guyana and the bearing comprising the advantages in cultivating payment systems while heightening safety, the... more
The general intention of this Publication is to feature Electronic Payment Systems in a Developing Economy with reference to Guyana and the bearing comprising the advantages in cultivating payment systems while heightening safety, the efficiency of payments, and cost savings. The continuous transformation of a developing economy's payments system will support monetary growth through the fiscal system for its sustainability and enables proficient financial interposition. This publication further highlights the need for frequent evaluation and supervision for the continuous modernization of electronic payment systems to the benefit and referencing to the developing economy of Guyana. Critical areas that are essential which emphasis have been placed upon but needs further attention in addressing, are as follows: 1. Increase the rate of finalizing a transaction through its related operations within actual or rapid time, as time is money. Currently, the rate of one transaction varies (by hours). 2. Decrease of paper materials and handling costs which generally eases functional cost. 3. Payment assurance and dependable guard against illegal entry to the client's account in ensuring safe dispensation. This publication has formed the basis to associate investors behind the target to endorse a modern payments system infrastructure that is required for a developing economy with reference to Guyana with the objective of restructuring, empowering discussion and the propelling effect in generating inventive and country-specific electronic payment solutions. It should be noted that a substantial amount of transformation has occurred to date with reference to Guyana.
The study empirically assessed tax evasion and the ethical reasons put up to justify it across major tribes/cultures of individual Nigerian taxpayers. Earlier studies were reviewed before questionnaire administration on respondents... more
The study empirically assessed tax evasion and the ethical reasons put up to justify it across major tribes/cultures of individual Nigerian taxpayers. Earlier studies were reviewed before questionnaire administration on respondents (n=500). Data were analysed with parametric and non-parametric statistics using SPSS 19. The results show high level of tax evasion and the three ethical reasons examined are found to have strong influence on tax evasion with significant difference along culture and religion. Generally, group identity (tribe/culture and religion) is found to show highest influence on tax evasion as well as its ethical reasons, but the difference is more pronounced for religious identification and participation. Hausas are found to be highest evaders among Nigerians. Similarly, worshipers of traditional religions evade taxes more than any others. Igbos and Yorubas exhibited similar pattern of opinions on ethical reasons for evasion as well as tax evasion. Other variables s...
This study examines the factors affecting the successful provision of microcredit to people at the bottom of the pyramid and discusses the activities required to support entrepreneurial activities in a peri-urban African setting. The... more
This study examines the factors affecting the successful provision of microcredit to people at the bottom of the pyramid and discusses the activities required to support entrepreneurial activities in a peri-urban African setting. The findings enable us to better understand why micro-credit, though useful, is only part of the solution, in a setting characterized by extreme resource constraints with an institutional fabric lacking the infrastructure that assists market development. We depict the crafting of new entrepreneurial activity as an ongoing process and present an emerging research agenda for future developments.
Purpose-This paper defines the skills, systems, and technologies developed post-BPR, which we refer as BPR Complementary Competences (BPRCC), and develops and validates a model to evaluate the BPRCC of public sector organizations in... more
Purpose-This paper defines the skills, systems, and technologies developed post-BPR, which we refer as BPR Complementary Competences (BPRCC), and develops and validates a model to evaluate the BPRCC of public sector organizations in developing economies. Design/methodology/approach-The paper, drawing from the complementary competence perspective of the resource based view, defines the BPRCC as a higher order construct composed of the BPR complementary transformational (BPRCTC) and ...
