This paper explains a safety system in the current elevators which would ensure that passengers are safe even if the rope of elevator cage breaks. Elevators are largely used to ease work of human being and reduce the time of traversing up... more
This paper explains a safety system in the current elevators which would ensure that passengers are safe even if the rope of elevator cage breaks. Elevators are largely used to ease work of human being and reduce the time of traversing up and down a multi-story building. Hence it has become equipment of prime importance. The safety of people in the elevator thus brings us to the idea of developing a low-cost and simple mechanism which can be installed in every elevator ensuring rope breakage safety of the people.
Set in the world of Madison Avenue advertising during the 1960s, a century after the earliest construction of vertical lifts in New York City, Matthew Weiner’s Mad Men illustrates how central the elevator has become to the urban spatial... more
Set in the world of Madison Avenue advertising during the 1960s, a century after the earliest construction of vertical lifts in New York City, Matthew Weiner’s Mad Men illustrates how central the elevator has become to the urban spatial imaginary, perpetuated in part through such cultural productions as Billy Wilder’s 1960 film The Apartment (a source of inspiration for Weiner). Like Wilder’s classic comedy, Mad Men stages several interpersonal encounters inside the cramped spaces of elevator cars, which are private zones of physical and verbal intimacy as well as public areas where individuals from different social classes come together, if only momentarily. Inspired by the work of Andreas Bernard (author of Lifted, which focuses on literary and cinematic representations of elevators), I explore the contradictory aspects of this prominent yet overlooked type of human conveyance, looking at the fleeting personal exchanges that take place inside vertical lifts on Mad Men as well as on other television programs. As Bernard states, because it combines ‘freedom of access while stopped and hermetically sealed impenetrability while in motion’, the elevator cab is ripe for interpretation as a means through which to tell the story of the modern metropolis and its demographically diverse inhabitants.
The present study shows the time dependence of weight, as perceived by a man inside an elevator in motion. The sensation of this weight is caused by the upward force exerted by the elevator upon the man. A function has been empirically... more
The present study shows the time dependence of weight, as perceived by a man inside an elevator in motion. The sensation of this weight is caused by the upward force exerted by the elevator upon the man. A function has been empirically chosen to express the time dependence of velocity. Using this function, the upward force acting on the man has been calculated to determine thereby his apparent weight. Fractional change of weight, perceived by the man, has been estimated. The ratio of the apparent weight to the actual weight has been determined. For the upward and downward motions of the elevator, the present article graphically shows the time dependence of its speed, acceleration, ratio of the apparent to actual weight and the fractional change of weight, for different values of a parameter that controls the sharpness of the velocity-versus-time curve. To quantify the degree of comfort that one gets, while riding in an elevator, a parameter called comfort factor has been defined. It has been defined in two different ways, to show clearly the aspects that reduce or enhance the level of comfort in such a journey. A major purpose of this study is to show the science students, the time evolution of what we perceive as our weight inside an elevator, using very simple mathematics, going far beyond the qualitative or semi-quantitative discussions of the school-level textbooks for senior students.
Embedded systems represent a rapidly growing branch of information technology characterized by the need for increased dependability, timeliness and efficiency. The goal of the project was to build elevator system for 3-floor building.... more
Embedded systems represent a rapidly growing branch of information technology characterized by the need for increased dependability, timeliness and efficiency.
The goal of the project was to build elevator system for 3-floor building.
There are three buttons to call the elevator for the corresponding floor, and three LEDs signalling of elevator coming.
Typically, a conventional drive lift is used to move from one floor to another in tall buildings. This system suffers from instability and maintainability issues due to the unavailability of proper monitoring system for users. This paper... more
Typically, a conventional drive lift is used to move from one floor to another in tall buildings. This system suffers from instability and maintainability issues due to the unavailability of proper monitoring system for users. This paper proposes a model for monitoring and controlling an elevator system to maintain autonomy. The paper is focused on an elevator design with Arduino controller. The system relates to a designed Ethernet card that is assembled with hypertext machine language. The proposed work comprises of a sensor module which has the capability to monitor and control through internet service. The control of the elevator is attained by a designed graphical user interface system that acknowledges the proper maintenance of the prototype. Whereas, the conventional lift system provides only limited information such as floor number under similar operating conditions, our proposed monitoring system can display the lift temperature, number of users, weight, oxygen level, floor status, lift speed, body temperature and fault location. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the efficacy of the system is analyzed with simulation and hardware assembly. The overall results verify that Arduino is suitable for monitoring and controlling an elevator system with the help of a webpage through an Ethernet shield.
This paper presents an overview of human factors data collected via an online survey related to the use of lifts (elevators) and stairs during both circulation and evacuation scenarios. Survey participants were presented with a series of... more
This paper presents an overview of human factors data collected via an online survey related to the use of lifts (elevators) and stairs during both circulation and evacuation scenarios. Survey participants were presented with a series of hypothetical situations and asked how they would behave. The survey was split into two broad sections, the first dealing with normal circulation usage of lifts/stairs and the second dealing with evacuation usage of lifts/stairs. Detailed demographic information about each participant was also collected. In total some 468 people from 23 countries completed the survey. An overview of the survey and initial results are presented in this paper.
This paper explains a safety system in the current elevators which would ensure that passengers are safe even if the rope of elevator cage breaks. Elevators are largely used to ease work of human being and reduce the time of traversing up... more
This paper explains a safety system in the current elevators which would ensure that passengers are safe even if the rope of elevator cage breaks. Elevators are largely used to ease work of human being and reduce the time of traversing up and down a multi-story building. Hence it has become equipment of prime importance. The safety of people in the elevator thus brings us to the idea of developing a low-cost and simple mechanism which can be installed in every elevator ensuring rope breakage safety of the people.
Nowadays, usage of the elevator is very common everywhere in out day to day life. The main aim of elevator is to transport the things like person or goods in fraction of seconds. As it has number of advantages so we prefer to use... more
Nowadays, usage of the elevator is very common everywhere in out day to day life. The main aim of elevator is to transport the things like person or goods in fraction of seconds. As it has number of advantages so we prefer to use elevator. But as you know, corona virus is spreading all over the world; it is important and mandatory to take precaution by individual and we are sure our propose system help you out in this. The existing elevators can be used by pressing floor number as per needs. These elevators cannot be used by paralyzed, blind and physically challenged persons. In this paper we proposed voice control to elevator to prevent a physical touch as we all as all types of user can be used it easily. We used Arduino Uno ATmega328P microcontroller, Bluetooth module HC-05 and Motor driver unit with Android application. The speech recognition system provides the communication mechanism between the user and the Arduino based elevator control mechanism. We used of a DC motor for moving the elevator based on the voice/speech commands given by the user from mobile application. Its process the data and the result are generated in form of according to the user choices; that is elevator is moves upside or downside.
Part of the long-running "Literary Conversations" series (http://www.upress.state.ms.us/search/series/5), this volume collects more than twenty published interviews from every stage of Colson Whitehead's publishing career, from just after... more
Part of the long-running "Literary Conversations" series (http://www.upress.state.ms.us/search/series/5), this volume collects more than twenty published interviews from every stage of Colson Whitehead's publishing career, from just after the apearance of _The Intuitionist_ to the aftermath of winning a passel of major awards for _The Underground Railroad_.
This is a draft of my introduction for the volume. It is NOT the final version of the printed text, nor should it be cited as such.
A majority of traction elevators for mid-rise and high-rise buildings are configured with the hoist equipment directly above the elevator shaft where the associated cab and counterweight are located. A recent noise control project in a... more
A majority of traction elevators for mid-rise and high-rise buildings are configured with the hoist equipment directly above the elevator shaft where the associated cab and counterweight are located. A recent noise control project in a residential tower involved an alternate elevator system design, which included an offset configuration of the hoist equipment from the elevator shaft. This offset configuration allowed for the equipment to be placed at a lower height. This design had the benefit of allowing an additional occupied floor in the building. However, this reconfiguration of the hoist equipment resulted in several unique noise and vibration control challenges. The unique features of this offset hoist equipment design and the resulting noise and vibration control approaches for this residential building are discussed in the following paper.
"The word paternoster has been applied in a variety of senses. In the Middle Ages paternoster became a synonym for lovemaking. An early instance of this usage appears in the anonymous medieval Latin Prisciano regula. Later it occurs in... more
"The word paternoster has been applied in a variety of senses. In the Middle Ages paternoster became a synonym for lovemaking. An early instance of this usage appears in the anonymous medieval Latin Prisciano regula. Later it occurs in Rutebeuf's Old French De frere Denise and the Middle English Secunda Pastorum. Evidence that the medieval usage perhaps continued into the modern period is found in Thackeray's Vanity Fair and Hugo's Notre-Dame.
The erotic paternoster may have originated in a playful juxtaposition of a holy prayer and an unholy deed, in an awareness that people saying the paternoster often had their minds on their lovers, or in the proximity of the paternoster to the kiss of peace in the liturgy."
Die architekturgeschichtliche Arbeit endet nicht mit dem bauzeitlichen Nar rativ, jede spätere Modernisierung wird mit der Zeit ebenfalls geschichtlich. Am Beispiel einer profanen Bauaufgabe – der nachträglich installierten Auf... more
Die architekturgeschichtliche Arbeit endet nicht mit dem bauzeitlichen Nar rativ, jede spätere Modernisierung wird mit der Zeit ebenfalls geschichtlich. Am Beispiel einer profanen Bauaufgabe – der nachträglich installierten Auf zugsanlagen in den Wohnbauten des Roten Wien – wird gezeigt, wie diese nicht dazugehörigen, stets irritierenden Supplemente wesentlich zum his torischem Verständnis sowohl der Architektur als auch der Wohnbaupolitik beitragen. Die Aufzüge, die über keinen historischen Platz und über keine originäre Form verfügen, erweisen sich in der retrospektiven Betrachtung als wider spenstiges, sperriges Supplement. Der Stil und die Konstruktion der Auf zugsschächte veränderten sich im Laufe der Zeit mehrfach. Standardisierte Profilbauglasanbauten wurden um 1980 zu massiven, dekorierten Schäch ten. Um 1990 gestalteten Architekten eine Reihe von Liften als fein abge stimmte Interpretationen des Historischen. Und aktuelle Ganzglasanlagen eignen sich neue Bereiche an: die Bürgersteige.
Elevators are designed to facilitate the smooth and efficient transportation of people from one architectural floor to the next. If they work well, people should not think about the journey at all. Instead, their concentration should... more
Elevators are designed to facilitate the smooth and efficient transportation of people from one architectural floor to the next. If they work well, people should not think about the journey at all. Instead, their concentration should remain focused on the activity they were engaged in before entering the elevator usage interaction. In other words, if the design works properly, people should not consciously experience elevator interaction. This paper presents the issue of studying no (conscious) user experience. It takes a theoretical perspective to explain aspects of consciousness and embodiment. While most studies on user experience focus on remarkable and affective interaction experiences, this paper highlights the importance of understanding the user experience of unconscious experience.
In modern high-rise buildings, a suitable control algorithm has to be chosen so that lifts can respond to passenger requests in such a way as to transport them quickly and efficiently to their destinations. The aim of the current work is... more
In modern high-rise buildings, a suitable control algorithm has to be chosen so that lifts can respond to passenger requests in such a way as to transport them quickly and efficiently to their destinations. The aim of the current work is to assess new scheduling approaches and intelligent monitoring techniques, to aid the design of new lift systems and to improve the performance of existing installations. To achieve this, a lift simulator has been implemented to allow the modular comparison of alternative scheduling and monitoring approaches and to provide an accurate model of lift dynamics. In addition, a model of passenger movements has been developed from an analysis of data gathered from installed lift systems, thereby allowing the realistic simulation of landing calls, car calls and door opening times.
The elevator is a machine, a transport system, a space. It is the solution par excellence addressed to everyone. Its installation and use should be simple, and open to all users. The accessibility (for all), safety, and hygiene aspects of... more
The elevator is a machine, a transport system, a space. It is the solution par excellence addressed to everyone. Its installation and use should be simple, and open to all users. The accessibility (for all), safety, and hygiene aspects of the elevator are constantly evolving: on these topics, this research takes its first steps and deepens each subject connected to 'the vertical travel'. The paper introduces the European Standards on elevator's accessibility, defines the declination of DfA/HCD methodology applied to product design processes, and shows some innovative product solutions inspired by the health emergencies, which are suitable for inclusion and safety above the current circumstances. Finally, the interaction of the studies represents the base for future research collaboration about the safe and fair use of elevators and vertical journeys.
ABSTRACT High-rise buildings with a considerable number of elevators represent a major logistic problem concerning saving space and time due to economic reasons. For this reason, complex Elevator Group Control Systems are developed in... more
ABSTRACT High-rise buildings with a considerable number of elevators represent a major logistic problem concerning saving space and time due to economic reasons. For this reason, complex Elevator Group Control Systems are developed in order to manage the elevators properly. Furthermore, the subject of energy is acquiring more and more industrial relevance every day as far as sustainable development is concerned. In this paper, the first entirely dynamic Fuzzy Logic Elevator Group Control System to dispatch landing calls so as to minimize energy consumption, especially during interfloor traffic, is proposed. The fuzzy logic design described here constitutes not only an innovative solution that outperforms usual dispatchers but also an easy, cheap, feasible and reliable solution, which is possible to be implemented in real industry controllers.
Over 450 dams have been constructed in the upper Paraná River basin in Brazil during the past 40 years. River regulation by these dams is considered a primary factor in the reduction of fish diversity and depletion of migratory species.... more
Over 450 dams have been constructed in the upper Paraná River basin in Brazil during the past 40 years. River regulation by these dams is considered a primary factor in the reduction of fish diversity and depletion of migratory species. In contrast to the upper Paraná Basin, only two large dams (both with upstream fish passage) have been constructed in the lower La Plata River basin. Fishery managers in the lower basin are concerned that existing and planned dams will further deplete populations of migratory fish species that constitute important recreational and commercial fisheries as has occurred in the upper basin. We assessed the sustainability of fisheries in the lower basin in the face of increased river regulation by using literature information to describe the efficiency of the fish passage systems used to mitigate river regulation impacts on fisheries. Our analysis shows that fish passage systems at both lower basin dams, Yacyreta and Salto Grande, fail to transfer sufficient numbers of upstream migrants to sustain populations of migratory species. Fish passage efficiency of target species in the fish elevators at Yacyreta is less than 2%. Fish diversity in the fish elevators is low because about 85% of the fish belong to only three nonmigratory species (Pimelodus maculatus, Oxydoras kneri and Rhinodoras dorbignyi). Large migratory species targeted for passage rarely comprise even 5 % of the fish number in the passage system. The two Borland locks at Salto Grande Dam cannot dependably pass large numbers of migratory species because passage efficiency is dependent upon interactions of powerhouse and spillway operation with tailrace elevations. Most species in the Borland system were either a small catfish (Parapimelodus valenciennis) or a engraulid (Lycengraulis grossidens). Again, the targeted migratory species were not abundant in the passage system. We conclude that existing fish passage technology in the lower basin is inadequate and that improved fish passage designs are required to conserve migratory species. These designs must be based on integrated information from geomorphology (habitat), natural fish behavior, fish swimming capabilities, and detailed population studies.
ÖZET: Dikey konutlar için ulaşım aracı olan asansörlerin, düzenli olarak yetkili firma tarafından aylık bakımı yapma zorunluluğu bulunmaktadır. Konuttan yönetim kurulu veya yönetici hangi bakımcı firma seçileceğine karar verir. Günümüzde... more
ÖZET: Dikey konutlar için ulaşım aracı olan asansörlerin, düzenli olarak yetkili firma tarafından aylık bakımı yapma zorunluluğu bulunmaktadır. Konuttan yönetim kurulu veya yönetici hangi bakımcı firma seçileceğine karar verir. Günümüzde yönetici ve yönetim kurulu görevini, şirket haline gelmiş bina yönetimi firmaları üstlenerek, bina sakinlerinin üzerinden bu iş yükünü almıştır. Bina yönetim şirketleri aldıkları her kararla binayı temsil ettikleri için onların çıkarlarını ve refahını düşünmelidir. Asansör bakım firmasını seçme kararı da bunun içerisindedir. Çalışmamızda, asansör sektöründe muayene personeli olarak çalışan, asansör firmalarına karşı objektif olan kişiler tarafından belirlenen kriterler ele alınmış ve ağırlıkları AHP yöntemi ile hesaplanmıştır. TOPSIS yöntemi ile elde edilen sonuç değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar neticesinde, bir yapı içerisinde bulunan asansörlerin bakımcı firması tercihini sağlamak için bina yönetimi şirketlerine fikir oluşturmuştur. Bu yöntem kullanılarak yüzlerce hatta binlerce asansörün sorumluluğunu üstlenebilecek firma tercihi sağlanırken, bina yönetimi ise asansör sayısına bağlı olarak gelen şikâyet ve iş yoğunluğundan da kurtulmuş olacaktır. Çalışmamız bina yönetici ve yönetimi, bina yönetim şirketlerine yol gösterici olacaktır.
ABSTRACT: The elevators, which are the means of transportation for vertical residences, have to be regularly maintained by the authorized company every month. The board of manager or the superintendent that is responsible for the residence decides which maintainer agency will be chosen. At the present time, some building management companies assume the mission of the superintendent or the management by relieving their burden. Building management companies should consider their interests and well-being because they represent the building with every decision they make. The decision to choose the elevator maintenance company is also included in this. In our study, the criteria determined by the people who are working as an inspector personnel in the elevator sector and who are objective against the elevator companies have been taken into consideration and their weights have been calculated by AHP method. The result obtained by TOPSIS method has been evaluated. In consequence of the results, the building maintenance companies have formed some ideas in order to provide the choice of the elevator company. Using this method, the company will be able to assume the responsibility of hundreds or even thousands of elevators, while the building management will rid of the complaints and work intensity due to the number of elevators. Our work will guide by the building management and management of the building management companies.
In modern high-rise buildings, a suitable control algorithm has to be chosen so that lifts can respond to passenger requests in such a way as to transport them quickly and efficiently to their destinations. The aim of the current work is... more
In modern high-rise buildings, a suitable control algorithm has to be chosen so that lifts can respond to passenger requests in such a way as to transport them quickly and efficiently to their destinations. The aim of the current work is to assess new scheduling policies and intelligent monitoring techniques, to aid the design of new lift systems and to improve the performance of existing installations. To achieve this, a lift simulator has been implemented to allow the modular comparison of alternative scheduling and monitoring approaches and to provide an accurate model of lift dynamics, landing calls and car calls, door opening times and passenger movements.
This paper presents a detailed description of an agent based lift (elevator) model developed within buildingEXODUS software intended to represent evacuation scenarios. The main components of the lift model are described including the... more
This paper presents a detailed description of an agent based lift (elevator) model developed within buildingEXODUS software intended to represent evacuation scenarios. The main components of the lift model are described including the lift: kinematics, attributes, and dispatch control. The agent-lift interaction model, is also described including the: lift bank selection, lift waiting area behaviour (wait location selection and wait duration) and lift car selection and entry. The lift model is used to investigate a series of full building evacuation scenarios based on a hypothetical 50 floor building with four staircases and a population of 7,840 agents. The analysis explores the relative merits of using up to 32 lifts (arranged in four banks) and various egress lift dispatch strategies to evacuate the entire building population. Findings from the investigation suggest that the most efficient evacuation strategy utilises a combination of lifts and stairs to empty the building and clear the upper half of the building in minimum time. Combined stair lift evacuation times have been shown to be as much as 50% faster than stair only evacuation times. The introduction of the agent milling behaviour resulted in reductions in evacuation times compared with the same scenarios without milling behaviour.
This paper explains a safety system in the current elevators which would ensure that passengers are safe even if the rope of elevator cage breaks. Elevators are largely used to ease work of human being and reduce the time of traversing up... more
This paper explains a safety system in the current elevators which would ensure that passengers are safe even if the rope of elevator cage breaks. Elevators are largely used to ease work of human being and reduce the time of traversing up and down a multi-story building. Hence it has become equipment of prime importance. The safety of people in the elevator thus brings us to the idea of developing a low-cost and simple mechanism which can be installed in every elevator ensuring rope breakage safety of the people.
El artículo recorre de manera sintética la historia del ascensor, centrándose en la figura de Elisha Otis y en su invención del primer sistema automático de seguridad. The article synthetically traces the history of the elevator,... more
El artículo recorre de manera sintética la historia del ascensor, centrándose en la figura de Elisha Otis y en su invención del primer sistema automático de seguridad. The article synthetically traces the history of the elevator, focusing on the figure of Elisha Otis and his invention of the first automatic security system.
In portable navigation, the need to recognize the motion mode of the user, is useful - if not necessary - to improve the positioning estimation. This paper explains the use of sensors in a portable device, such as a smartphone, to... more
In portable navigation, the need to recognize the motion mode of the user, is useful - if not necessary - to improve the positioning estimation. This paper explains the use of sensors in a portable device, such as a smartphone, to recognize the user's mode of motion when a change in height is detected. The modes of motion detected are
This paper presents design and navigation control of an advanced level comeback CanSat which is going to be launched to an altitude of about 400 m using an amateur rocket from ground level. The CanSat uses advanced and ultra-light... more
This paper presents design and navigation control of an advanced level comeback CanSat which is going to be launched to an altitude of about 400 m using an amateur rocket from ground level. The CanSat uses advanced and ultra-light microcontroller, pressure and temperature sensors, 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyro, camera, GPS, IR distance measuring sensor, and RF communication module to communicate with the ground station PC. Three actuators are considered in this work for flight and ground segments control. They are the motor driven propeller, elevator and rudder. For the flight segment, parachute and attitude control are used to control the CanSat descent rate, attitude and heading. For the ground segment control; both the propeller and the rear landing gear of the CanSat is used for heading toward a predefined location on the ground. The rear landing gear is connected to the rudder rotational axis. An indigenous navigation control and electronic circuit design with the test resu...
Das Hospital de San Carlos in Madnd wurde zwischen 1 755 und 1788 von Jose de Hermosilla und Fancisco Sabatini erbaut. Als beim Tode des Gründers, Carlos III, die Bauarbeiten eingestellt wurden. war nur ein Drittel der gesamten Planung... more
Das Hospital de San Carlos in Madnd wurde zwischen 1 755 und 1788 von Jose de Hermosilla und Fancisco Sabatini erbaut. Als beim Tode des Gründers, Carlos III, die Bauarbeiten eingestellt wurden. war nur ein Drittel der gesamten Planung fertiggestellt; es fehlte seitdem eine repräsentative Ein-gangsfassade. Die spanischen Architekten J.l. lniguez de Onzono und A. V. de Castro haben das alte Kranken-haus mit seinen langen, schmalen Grundrissen in ein Museum für moderne Kunst mit ungewöhnli-chen Innenraumqualitäten umge-baut. Zur Verbesserung der inne-ren Wegeführung des Centro de Arte Reina Sophia wurde die verti-kale Erschließung in drei außen-liegenden Aufzugstürmen unterge-bracht. 149 DBZ 10/92 3.2 lan Ritchie Architects aus Lon-don entwarfen die 36 m t1ohen, gläsernen Türme, die das äußere Erscheinungsbild des Museums prägen. Zwei Türme. die je dre1 Perso-nenaufzuge enthalten, nank1eren den Eingang und geben damit der Eingangsfassade, die zu einem öf-fentlichen Platz hin orientier...
With increase in population and restriction in space the need for tall building has increased exponentially. However current elevator technology interfere the efficient construction and use of skyscrapers. This review paper discuss about... more
With increase in population and restriction in space the need for tall building has increased exponentially. However current elevator technology interfere the efficient construction and use of skyscrapers. This review paper discuss about the working of rope free multi-directional elevator which could move both in horizontal and vertical direction. This multi system elevator are powered by electromagnetic induction system as a result magnetic levitation system which help the elevator car to move sideways as well in upward and downward direction. This technique eliminate the limitation caused by rope, which restrict building height and slow down the elevator car. It also reduces waiting time, optimizes cost and increase energy efficiency. This multi technique allows multiple elevator cars to fit into one shaft and move throughout the building in a loop. By using this technique user will experience shorter waiting time and owner can better utilize their floor space.
