Geography

This paper moves beyond conceptualisations of austerity as fiscal policy towards exploring the multiple ways austerity may be lived and felt in everyday life. Drawing on research with families affected by disability, this paper argues that austerity is felt as a series of atmospheres that envelop and condition times and spaces of the everyday. Austerity is made both affectively and materially present through these atmospheric intensities as they register and radiate between individual bodies and everyday objects. As they shape both day-today practices and future imaginaries, atmospheres of austerity generate numerous individualised experiences that result in multiple affective relations towards austerity. As a result, this paper holds together the following relations to austerity: anticipating austerity, adapting to austerity, 'getting on with life' and accepting austerity. These show that austerity is more than an economic policy; it is a phenomenon that is understood through individuals' lived and felt realities that are often experienced through fluctuating, non-coherent and sometimes conflicting affective relations that come to shape how people feel and act in the everyday. It is through a conceptualisation of austerity as lived that we might galvanise people against austerity by encouraging a more nuanced and multi-tonal counter politics that takes into account the multiple affective relations that are expressed through various domains of everyday life.

Geography research and teaching have a long history in South Africa, and Geographers are well placed to engage with issues affecting South Africa in the twenty-first century, including climate change, resource scarcity, poverty reduction and sustainable development. Although different research topics have been investigated previously, others represent some new areas of departure for research in physical and/or human geography, and opportunities for future research growth in South Africa. This chapter identifies and discusses the significance of some of these new topic areas for South African Geography, and the application of such research to address twenty-first century local to global issues.

Nuestro país ocupa el cuarto lugar en Latinoamérica por la extensión del territorio nacional protegido toda vez que Costa Rica tiene el 40%, Guatemala 35%, Chile 20% y México 12%. Por lo que resulta importante, practicar actividades económicas en las Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANPs) que tiendan a la permanencia de los recursos naturales que ostenta México. La posición físico-geográfica de nuestro país favorece la existencia de elementos que confluyen en la conformación de una gran riqueza de paisajes terrestres y marinos.

Taken from Memoria: Histories, Memories, Representations (ed Frith, 2015) a collection that presents a collection of new work, stimulated by encounters with Armley Mills in Leeds. Once one of the largest woollen mills in the world, it is now the home of Leeds Industrial Museum and, as such, is authorised to ‘reveal the truth of the past’. This book asks whose past is presented? Whose history is given? Whose stories are told? We insist that history is partial and selective. Historical discourses interpret what they purport to reveal, in terms of specific interests in the present, and are always political. Our concern, therefore, is with questions of visibility and invisibility. Who and what is represented and commemorated, and how? Who and what is overlooked, deemed irrelevant, swept away and forgotten and, crucially, why? Hence we also investigate that which is concealed and undeclared; hidden agendas and structuring absences, the dynamics of capital and power. Ultimately, we address the politics of representation and examine ways in which the invisible may be critically ‘seen’ and articulated.

Simon Springer (Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Canada) contributes this short essay about his visit to Moscow and Domitrov. He organized a session titled “For Kropotkin” with Anthony Ince for the IGU Moscow Regional Conference and made a trip to the Kropotkin museum in Dmitrov.

This novel application of spatial wage theory to health service labour markets analyses the competitiveness of nurse's pay and how this differs between local labour markets in Britain. A switching regression model is estimated to derive standardised spatial wage differentials (SSWDs) for nurses ...

https://journals.openedition.org/paysage/10958
This article proposes an historical look at the relationship between the landscape and culture through the writings of the geographer Max Sorre. He distinguished himself because of his early interest in the plant components of landscapes, he is also known for promoting a methodology based on the landscape in the discipline of geography. The article examines the different uses of this founding geographer's notion of the landscape: perceived first of all as the physiognomy of a relationship between (material) civilisation and a «natural» milieu, it is then defined by a more anthropological approach, which to a certain degree dissolves the specificity of the notion. In so doing, we recreate certain scholarly configurations which shed light on these evolutions. Although some of the notions put forward are innovative, namely in a didactic context, Sorre abandons the definition of geography as a science of the landscape to the benefit of a human ecology. He does not develop a substantial theoretical foundation on this topic nor does he build truly landscape-based analyses in view of a synthetic approach.

The article presents a problem of landscape planning of protected areas on the example of Ślężański
Landscape Park within Sobotka commune resulting from the socio - economic changes and spatial policy of the
municipal authority. Discussion of creating the space is particularly important in relation to areas with large
natural beauty (part of the municipality is located within Ślężański Landscape Park and buffer zone), where there
are strong processes of urbanization. The result of the study is to determine the level of landscape change and
synanthropisation. Comparing the results of the study with conditions and directions of spatial management
helped to identify the areas where the threat of degradation of landscape values is greatest. It is the effect of bad
planning decisions, resulting from too little awareness of the local community and local authorities of the effects
that cause changing spatial structure in a historical landscape

Tout autant que le contexte historique dans lequel se déroule l’action collective, le contexte spatial est amené à jouer un rôle central non seulement dans la détermination de l’action elle-même, de ses modes et de son issue, mais aussi dans la stimulation et le maintien de l’engagement individuel. Cet article donne des pistes méthodologiques pour le problématiser et le prendre en compte dans l'analyse sociologique.

Chinese engagement in Africa is an increasingly prescient and important subject for academic discourse on globalisation generally, and African political economy particularly, but local scale impacts of new Chinese investments have not been sufficiently addressed. The Mulungushi Textile Factory in Kabwe, Zambia, has a long association with China. New Chinese capitalist investment established the 'Zambia-China Mulungushi Textiles Joint Venture Ltd.' in 1997, rehabilitating a dilapidated industrial site. Through detailed ethnographic research this article explores how this specific Chinese engagement affected the lives of the Zambians who worked at Mulungushi Textiles. Using the lived experiences of ex-workers, changes to the social pattern of work are examined illustrating how a Zambian state model of labour organisation was replaced by a neo-liberal exploitative form at this globalised site. Wages were suppressed through casualisation, working conditions worsened and strict discipline was imposed. Workers did not gain the modern livelihoods they anticipated and through labour struggles, meanings and understandings of racial differences were produced and anger towards the Zambian state was articulated. Labour disputes, financial difficulties and increasing competition in the globally liberalised textile and clothing markets, diminished the enterprise's viability and Chinese investment abandoned Mulungushi in 2006.

Despite the acknowledged importance of tour­ ism to global economies, and the attention given to empirical research in developed coun­ tries, very little attention has been given to research in less developed countries, particu­ larly those in the Caribbean. In this study, resi­ dents in the tourism resort communities of Negri!, Montego Bay, and Ocho Rios, Ja­ maica, West Indies rated their perceptions of the economic impact of tourism on their community. The mean scores indicated that residents perceived an overall slightly positive economic impact of tourism However, ANOV A results showed statistically significant difference in the degree of positive perceptions based on the socio-demographic variables of community, employment, placed of employ­ ment, and length of residence. The implica­ tions of these findings for the host residents and the tourist industry is discussed.

This article critically examines the current indo-china geopolitical issues and its implications. The two emerging and enduring powers India and china represent two different modes of civilization signify a complex and dynamic relationship in world politics. The wide-ranging reciprocal past experience was not there among the two nations and each nation had a poor perceptive of the psyche and system of the other. The Indian prime minster Jawaharlal Nehru's views supporting an autonomous Tibet which gave rise to Chinese distrust on India. Nehru and Zhou signed the Panchsheel treaty on 29 April 1954 to urge the roadmap for stability during a neighborhood (Hindi-Chini Bhai-Bhai) as India acknowledged, Mutual respect for every other's territorial integrity and sovereignty; Mutual non-aggression; Mutual non-interference; Equality and mutual benefit; and, Peaceful coexistence. India-China relations, though occasionally showing signs of peace and cooperation, has often been afflicted by tension and mistrust. With the potential to make big contributions to regional peace and development, these two Asian powers have, by design or accident, themselves been the sources of regional tension and insecurity to some extent. We have used both primary and secondary data for the analyzing of this paper. This paper will be helpful to resolve the geopolitical conflicts between the two territories.

Tourism within Kenya is found to be very successful in terms of economic benefit. The natural beauty and the existence of an abundance of wildlife attract many tourists from the developed world. Tourists like to see the wildlife as much as possible and at close proximity. To display wildlife to its best advantage, tourist van operators drive their vehicles anywhere they can to show the wildlife at close quarters, particularly the big five wildlife such as the lion, cheetah, wild buffalo, rhinoceros, and wild elephant. This process has increased in most of the Kenyan National Parks and the Wildlife Reserve. The Masai Mara Reserve is one of the most used reserves in Kenya for off road driving. Masai Mara adjoins the Serengeti National Park of Tanzania, from where millions of wildlife travel to Masai Mara every year as this is their migration route. The migration is one of the biggest wildlife events on Earth and thousands of people go to see it. In this study we have analyzed the gene...

The main objective of this paper is to examine the opportunities, difficulties andchallenges of an effective social protection for the elderly population. The articleemphasizes the public policies of income and long term care, as well as the family asthe main informal source of support to that population. It is assumed that the lack ofautonomy to deal with the activities of the daily life and the lackness of income arethe main determinants of the "dependence" of the aged ones. The information usedare obtained from some demographic census and the Brazilian National HouseholdSample Survey [Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios (PNAD)].One of the conclusions is that in the micro level, the degree of dependence ofthe aged individuals is, in large deal, determined for the provision of income from theState. This suggests that when it reduces or increases social security benefits, the Stateis not only affecting individuals, but a considerable proportion of family income.Thi...

The geothermal resources have been studied as a new energy sources in Vietnam ten years ago. Up to now, there are 3 projects funded by Vietnamese government for the energy purpose aimed to investigate and evaluate the geothermal potential in the South - Central, North Central and West - Northern parts where are the most geothermal potential energy in Vietnam territory and 1 project of research and evaluation of the feasibility of geothermal utilization in some certain geothermal sources contributing to the energy balance in Vietnam. The study results indicate that there are 269 geothermal sources in Vietnam territory with the surface temperatures above 30 0 C. The total energy capacity is estimated up to 648.9Mwt. But the capacity of geothermal utilization for energy is just 1-2Mwt for heating iodide-salt production. The rest of utilization is for spar, swimming pool, tourism etc.

Is the idea of the "Middle East" simply a geopolitical construct conceived by the West to serve particular strategic and economic interests―or can we identify geographical, historical, cultural, and political patterns to indicate some sort of internal coherence to this label? While the term has achieved common usage, no one studying the region has yet addressed whether this conceptualization has real meaning―and then articulated what and where the Middle East is, or is not. This volume fills the void, offering a diverse set of voices―from political and cultural historians, to social scientists, geographers, and political economists―to debate the possible manifestations and meanings of the Middle East. At a time when geopolitical forces, social currents, and environmental concerns have brought attention to the region, this volume examines the very definition and geographic and cultural boundaries of the Middle East in an unprecedented way. Edited by late Michael E. Bonine, Abbas Amanat and Michael E. Gasper

Climate change poses significant global challenges. Solutions require new ways of working, thinking and acting. Knowledge co-production is often cited as one of the innovations needed for navigating the complexity of climate change challenges, yet how to best approach co-production processes remains unclear. In this working paper we explore the ways in which climate and development researchers are approaching the co-production of knowledge and grapple with the extent to which the modalities used are reaching their stated potential. Using a diverse array of case studies, we outline a range of approaches to co-production, from technical to transformative. Drawing on literature on co-production, we propose a heuristic that maps out a spectrum of approaches to co-production and offers an assessment of the relationship between processes and outcomes of co-production in order to enable more informed planning and decision-making. In so doing this paper provides lessons and insights that CARIAA and similar adaptation research initiatives can apply in determining the potential of knowledge co-production as a means to influence policy, practice and behaviour.

Noise is an inevitable part of daily life and has been identified as a cause of several health deficiencies across the world. It has increasingly become a significant concern on the health and well-being of people. Studies are required to advance knowledge on the sources and impacts of noise in residential neighbourhoods of Lagos State, Nigeria. Therefore, this study assesses the spatial variation of noise levels within a section of the Festac residential area in Lagos in line with noise limits specified by the World Bank Group International Finance Corporation (IFC) Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines and the Nigerian National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Noise Standards and Control guidelines for community noise. Data for this research come from a field study comprising measurements of noise levels from 6 observation stations and questionnaire survey with 200 respondents. The criteria for siting the stations was based on factor...

The EUROFORGEN NAME panel is a regional ancestry panel designed to differentiate individuals from the Middle East, North Africa, and Europe. The first version of the panel was developed for the MassARRAY system and included 111 SNPs. Here, a custom AmpliSeq EUROFORGEN NAME panel with 102 of the original 111 loci was used to sequence 1098 individuals from 14 populations from Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, North-East Africa, and South-Central Asia. These samples were also sequenced with a global ancestry panel, the Precision ID Ancestry Panel. The GenoGeographer software was used to assign the AIM profiles to reference populations and calculate the weight of the evidence as likelihood ratios. The combination of the EUROFORGEN NAME and Precision ID Ancestry panels led to fewer ambiguous assignments, especially for individuals from the Middle East and South-Central Asia. The likelihood ratios showed that North African individuals could be separated from European and Middle Easte...

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to search for ancient parasites in abdominal content and coprolites from Bolivian mummies. MATERIALS Twelve mummified individuals from the Andean highlands, housed at the National Museum of Archaeology (MUNARQ) in La Paz, Bolivia. METHODS Microscopic analysis of rehydrated samples (coprolites and abdominal content), following Lutz's spontaneous sedimentation technique. RESULTS Eggs of Enterobius vermicularis were identified in coprolites from one mummy, and capillariid eggs in the organic abdominal content from another individual. CONCLUSIONS This is the first evidence of ancient intestinal parasites in Bolivian mummies. SIGNIFICANCE This pioneering study focused on the search of ancient intestinal parasites in human remains of the Bolivian Andes and contributes to greater knowledge of paleoparasitology in South America. LIMITATIONS All mummies in the MUNARQ belonged to the Andean Bolivian highlands (post-Tiwanaku era or Late Intermediate Period...

Forest cover in hilly regions is essential to maintain environmental, economic and ecological balances. The production, conservation and sustainability of forest resources are constantly threatened by inappropriate anthropogenic intervention and exploitation. This study was conducted in 2019 to discover the sustainable management of forest resources and rural livelihoods in the Darjeeling Hills. The study results also indicate that little attention has been paid to the cultural, traditional and environmental value of forest resources in Darjeeling Hills. Even awareness programs on the use and conservation of forest resources by various government and non-governmental organizations are limited in the study area. Current forest management strategies suggest that forest resources are common resources, resulting in the lack of active participation of rural households in forest conservation practices.

The article attempts a comprehensive review of the human security concept in order to question its utility for both research and policy-making. It notes the term’s interdisciplinary and extensively normative content that have facilitated its evolution into a successful security discourse. On the other hand, human security’s wide appeal has as a side-effect an extended conceptual polysemy inhibiting the cumulation of knowledge and the development of a relevant theory. Absence of conceptual clarity has also complicated its policy implementation. The article attempts to break the deadlock and move the debate forward by using the work of John Gerring and Paul A. Barresi on concept formation as an organizing device.