Industrial Pollution

The present research work deals with the study of some of the important physico-chemical parameters of industrial waste water effluents collected from Taloja industrial belt of Mumbai. The study reveals that engineering, paper mill, fine chemical, dyes, paint, pharmaceutical, petrochemical and textile industries are some of the major industries responsible for polluting the surrounding aquatic environment. It was observed that pH values of effluent samples collected from paint, pharmaceutical and dyes industries were slightly above and below the limit of 6.5 to 8.5 by ISI and WHO. The effluent samples collected from textile industries shows extremely high Total Dissolved Soild (TDS) content of 12023.6 mg/L and correspondingly high Total Solid (TS) content of 13499.2 mg/L. The chloride content in the effluents from textile industries was 238.4 mg/L which was significantly high than acceptable limit of 200 mg/L set by WHO. The BOD values of effluent samples collected from pharmaceutical, dyes, engineering and paint industries were 1047.3, 776.2, 604.8 and 535.8 mg/L respectively which lie above the maximum permitted BOD content of < 100 to 300 mg/L. The COD values in the different industrial effluent samples were also very much higher than maximum permissible limit of 4.0 mg/L according to USPH Standard. The overall results highlight towards the discharge of highly polluted waste water effluent from industries of Taloja Industrial area of Mumbai. These industrial effluents have resulted in pollution of nearby Kasardi River thereby affecting the growth of vegetation and aquatic life. The results of the present investigation point out the need to implement common objectives, compatible policies and programmes for improvement in the industrial waste water treatment methods.

This paper advocates water pollution study with special reference to the toxic heavy metal content in waste water effluent released from Gove Industrial area of Bhiwandi City located in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Most of the heavy metals like Fe, Cu, Cr, Cd and Ni were found to be much higher than the maximum permissible limits. These heavy metals have created threat to the aquatic life and through biomagnification may enter the food chain thereby affecting the human beings as well. The authors point out that as India moves towards stricter regulation of industrial effluents to control water pollution, greater efforts are required to reduce the risk to public health as toxic pollutants which are mainly colourless and odourless are released into the ecosystems.

The aim of this study was to measure the toxicity levels of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn and Cr) found in
tested vegetables (Spinach, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Brinjal, Lady’s Finger, Tomato and Radish) grown in contaminated Cement
Factory area compared with those grown in reference Clean (control) area. When compared with the reference in contaminated area,
water, soil and vegetables contents of all analyzed metals was significantly higher, usually over normally content for Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb,
Cd, Mn and Cr. Particularly, higher values than safe limits were found for Pb, Cd, Mn and Cr in water and for Cd in soil and Pb, Cd
and Cr were observed higher in leafy vegetable especially Spinach, in contaminated (Cement Factory) areas. In an attempt to
understand the pattern of metal contamination in the area, useful tools including Enrichment Factor were also employed to indicate the
sources of soil contamination were anthropogenic in character.

Ulhas river is highly polluted due to the addition of industrial wastes along Dombivli city located near Mumbai in Maharashtra state in India. Dombivli city has two industrial areas. MIDC Phase 1 and MIDC Phase 2. Industrial wastes from both these phases are added to Ulhas river waters. Hence the area of Ulhas river along Dombivli city to study the load of pollution due to addition of toxic heavy metals in river water was selected for the study. Distribution ratio of heavy metals Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cr6+, Ni2+ and Fe2+ was studied for each season (Rainy, Winter and Summer) for the years 2012 and 2013. Results revealed that distribution ratio of heavy metals Pb2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Co2+ and Cr6+ increased in year 2013 as compared to the distribution ratio in year 2012. Distribution ratio of heavy metals Hg2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ decreased in year 2013 as compared to the distribution ratio in year 2012. Distribution ratios were found to be maximum in Ni2+ in Year 2012 and 2013 and Minimum in Hg2+ in Year 2012 and 2013.

The present paper deals with quantification study of some toxic heavy metals in the sediment samples of Kasardi River flowing along the Taloja Industrial belt of Mumbai. The results indicates high level of pollution due to toxic heavy metals like chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and iron (Fe). The concentration of all these heavy metals were found to be much above the acute toxicity level. It is feared that these metals may enter the food chain through bio-magnification there by creating threat to aquatic life and the surrounding population. The results of the present investigation point out the need to implement common objectives, compatible policies and programmes for improvement in the industrial waste water treatment methods. [R.S.Lokhande, P.U.Singare, D.S.Pimple. Quantification Study of Toxic Heavy Metals Pollutants in Sediment Samples Collected From Kasardi River Flowing Along the Taloja Industrial Area of Mumbai, India. New York Science Journal 2011;4(9):66-71]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

This paper advocates water pollution study of Gove industrial area of Maharashtra, India with special reference to the physico-chemical characteristics of common industrial waste water effluent. The physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, solid content, total hardness, chloride content, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were studied by collecting samples bimonthly for 12 months. The authors point out that as India moves towards stricter regulation of industrial effluents to control water pollution, greater efforts are required to reduce the risk to public health as toxic pollutants which are mainly colourless and odourless are released into the ecosystems.

The present study performed to understand the toxicity level of heavy metals like Zn+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, Cr+6, Fe+3, which are present in the industrial effluents released from fine chemical industries situated at Gove industrial belt, Bhiwandi, Maharashtra. The concentration level of Zn2+ in the present study was found to be 26.35 ppm which was above the limits of 5.0 ppm set by CPCB in industrial waste water discharge. Such high Zn2+ level may result in stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting. The average concentration of Pb2+ (0.99 ppm) in the present study was above the CPCB limits of 0.10 ppm. Such high level of Pb2+ might result in threat to young children and pregnant women resulting in miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth and low birth weight. The average concentration of Ni2+ (7.24 ppm) was very much above the maximum tolerable CPCB limits of 3.00 ppm, which might result in contact dermatitis among the local peoples. The concentration of Cu2+ (3.55 ppm) as reported in the present study was marginally above the limits of 3.00 ppm set by CPCB for the safe discharge of industrial effluents. It is feared that short term exposure Cu2+ may result in gastrointestinal distress, while the long term exposure may result in liver or kidney damage. From the results of the present study, it is feared that high level of toxic heavy metals in industrial waste water coupled with high level of various physico-chemical parameter like pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical of Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness, PO42-, and Ca2+ may possess threat to the human health among the local populations. From the results it can be concluded that due to rapid industrialization at Gove industrial area, there is rapid increase in the water pollution and the efforts are required to be taken to control the discharge of the pollutants into the aquatic ecosystems.

The aim of this work was to optimize the biodegradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing actual textile wastewater for a sustainable treatment solution. The isolated microbial consortia of effective PVA degrader namely Candida Sp. and Pseudomonas Sp., which were responsible for symbiotic degradation of chemical oxidation demand (COD) and PVA from desizing wastewater. In the process optimization, the maximum aeration was essential to achieve a high degradation rate, where as stirring enhances further degradation and foam control. Batch experiments concluded with the need of 16 lpm/l and 150 rpm of air and stirring speed respectively for high rate of COD and PVA degradation. Optimized process leads to 2 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT) with 85–90% PVA degradation. Continuous study also confirmed above treatment process optimization with 85.02% of COD and 90.3% of PVA degradation of effluent with 2 days HRT. This study gives environment friendly and cost effective solution for PVA containing textile wastewater treatment.

Heavy metal and trace element concentrations were examined in topsoils to evaluate a cement plant and an industrial waste incinerator as pollution sources. As, Ba, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb and Zn were measured by Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), and Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn by a 0.5 M-hydrochloric extraction technique using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The Cr total concentration and HCl-extracted Co and Mn were possibly related to wind transportation from an industrial area in the north of Córdoba city (Argentina). Cu, Pb and Zn in partial HCl extraction were influenced by the cement plant and the industrial area in the north of Córdoba city. The mean total Ba concentration was above the residential and agricultural land use limits stated in national and international legislation and was related to the distance to the cement plant. The concentrations of HCl-extracted heavy metals could be predicted by the organic matter percentage and the distance to the cement plant (with R2 values of 0.50–0.74). The Ca total concentration was seen to have little influence whereas the organic matter percentage strongly affected HCl-extracted heavy metals according to the correlation analysis and multiple regression models. According to soil quality guidelines for environmental health, the human and wildlife populations in Yocsina might be experiencing toxic Ba and Cr effects.

The present study was conducted on cement industry at Hattar Industrial
Estate, Haripur for assessment of particulate matter (PM10 & PM2.5) and its health
impact on factory workers and nearby local community. Ten samples were collected from
different units of cement industry and analyzed for PM10 & PM2.5.The concentrations of
PM10 & 3 2.5 varied in different units of cement industry. The highest mean
concentrations of PM10 &PM 2.5were found 1552 and 7867.5 (μg/m³) in main crusher
and cement mill respectively. Eighty percent of samples (both PM10 &d PM 2.5) were
above the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), set by Pakistan. The air
pollution index (API) revealed, that majority units released high amount of particulate
matter to environment, which pose significant health risk to local community. The
particulate matter released by cement industry have significant impacts on human health
especially the respiratory system. Therefore, it was recommended to install air pollution
control devices for particulate matter, so as to minimize dust pollution inside the industry
and nearby localities.

The cities of the developing world are the engines of economic growth, but they also face and cause multiple and pressing environmental issues. Those highlighted at the 1992 'Earth Summit' included water supply, sanitation, and pollution, and shaped the 'brown agenda.' A decade later, this agenda includes the interactions between cities and the regional and global environment. This note reviews the World Bank's urban environment project portfolio, with special focus on the contributions of the Bank's various sectors and on the achievement of the urban environmental targets set forth in the millennium development goals. The note also argues for a more comprehensive and holistic approach to urban environmental priorities.

Brindisi is a city in the Southeast of Italy with high industrial density-two coal-fired power plants and a large petrochemical complex-and a high percentage of cancer deaths with an excess of a lung cancer. The coal power plants pollution as well as that of petrochemical complex is considered as the main cause of diseases and deaths by the local doctors union and some social movements. However this report is constantly negotiated and redefined by the parties involved (energy companies, lawyers, doctors, local social movements, politicians, researchers) in a very articulate public health field, that involves different local\global spheres of public, politic, professional and private life, in which power relations and highly emotional contrasts define the position of many social actors. The essay is based on an ethnography started in 2009 and still in progress, focused on the relationship between pollution and disease in Brindisi. I will propose two lines of analysis which are strictly related. An ethnographic reflection on negotiation form and practices of categories and values as " right to health " , " sick of coal " , " public health " , "medical authority " inside a cause-effect relationship between pollution and disease. I will also try to reflect on the Anthropologist operative position and the applicative chance of his research within the conflictual public health field. Introduzione Il 12 giugno 2014 un gruppo di sei cittadini di Brindisi formato da persone ammalate di tumore all'apparato linfoematopoietico e da parenti di persone decedute per la stessa tipologia di malattia, ha presentato un esposto alla Procura della Repubblica del capoluogo pugliese, con il quale chiede alla magistratura di investigare e chiarire le cause del loro stato di salute in rapporto all'inquinamento della grande area industriale cittadina. In particolare si fa riferimento alla presenza di un polo petrolchimico e di due centrali termoelettriche a carbone, ai relativi scarichi ed emissioni nell'aria, sul suolo, nelle falde acquifere. Benché un esposto riguardante le cause e le responsabilità per specifiche patologie, presentato da singoli cittadini contro le compagnie industriali si presenti come una prima esperienza sul territorio Brindisino, esso si inserisce all'interno di un complesso campo biomedico costruito sull'asse inquinamento industriale, ambiente e salute che sempre di più tende a spostarsi, a livello locale ma non solo, sul piano del conflitto legale e sulla produzione di dati scientifici, così come avviene già da alcuni anni per il noto processo di Taranto in cui i vertici delle acciaierie Ilva sono accusati di disastro 229

Endüstriyel alanlarda doğal afetler, kazalar veya kötü işletme uygulamaları nedeniyle oluşan sızıntı ve döküntüler ile başı boş alanlara bilinçli ve kanun dışı olarak yapılan deşarjlar nedeniyle toprağın tehlikeli kimyasallar tarafından kirlenmesi önemli bir çevre sorunu oluşturmaktadır. Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri dahil olmak üzere, bir çok gelişmiş ülke bu tür kirliliklerin önlenmesi ve oluştuğu durumlarda da uygun şekilde temizlenmesi ve bertarafına yönelik yasal mevzuata ve bu mevzuatları destekleyen yönetim sistemlerine sahiptir. Ülkemizde ise bu konuda ciddi bir yasal boşluk bulunmakta, giderek varlıkları ortaya çıkan ve sayıları artan kirlenmiş alanların ne şekilde ele alınması gerektiği net olarak ortaya konulamamaktadır. Bu konudaki eksikliğin giderilmesi amacıyla, endüstriyel kaynaklı kirlenmiş sahaların belirlenmesi, kirlilik durumlarının tespiti ve uygun temizleme yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi için bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmektedir. Gerekli yönetmelik ve teknik tebliğlerin hazırlanmasını da içeren çalışmada, yasal mevzuatın uygulanmasını destekleyecek bir bilgi sistemi geliştirilmiştir. Bu makalede geliştirilen bilgi sisteminin yapısı ve özellikleri ile ilgili bilgi verilmektedir.

Adjustment programmes in developing countries have been the subject of intense debate since the debt crisis in the early 1980s. Consideration of environmental consequences of adjustment policies has added a new dimension to the discussion. This thesis focuses on this issue, examining the links between adjustment policies and the use of natural resources.

The first part of the thesis comprises a review of the international literature and the development of a macroeconomic model relating effective demand and the use of natural resources. The second part is dedicated to the analysis of environmental consequences of adjustment policies in Brazil. It starts with a brief review of macroeconomic policy in Brazil since the oil crisis in the mid-1970s. Then three environmental problems are looked at: deforestation in the Amazon, mineral depletion and industrial water and air pollution. In the three cases there are important links between adjustment policies and the worsening of environmental conditions.

The thesis suggests two broad conclusions. First, while the final outcome of the adjustment policies may be positive or negative, a failure to integrate macroeconomic models with sustainability concerns has meant that existing 'models' of adjustment have not been able to identify the potential inconsistency between the requirements of macroeconomic reform and resource conservation. From the adjustment country perspective, consumption of natural capital is a simple and effective response to the requirements of short term improvement in the economic performance. The second conclusion is that adjustment programmes should be designed so that short-term disruption is at least partly offset by mitigating environmental policies.

The present paper undertakes a study of the
physico-chemical properties and toxic heavy metals content in the untreated and treated pharmaceutical effluents in order to evaluate the working efficiency of industrial effluent treatment plants. The treatment efficiency achieved for various parameters was conductivity (79.94%), alkalinity (93.91%), hardness (87.70%), chloride (89.24%), cyanide (79.66%), phosphate (99.19%), total dissolved solids (85.89%), total suspended solids (96.87%), salinity (52.41%), dissolved oxygen (27.32%), biochemical oxygen
demand (83.39%) and chemical oxygen demand (72.21%). The removal efficiency achieved for different heavy metals was Cu2+ (79.66%), Ni2+ (69.22%), Cr6+(80.15%), Pb2+(72.14%), Fe3+ (92.59%) and Zn2+(90.61%). The level of biochemical oxygen demand (64 mg L-1) in the treated effluents was above the limit of 30.0 mg L-1, chemical oxygen demand level
(208 mg L-1) was close to a limit of 250 mg L-1, while average Pb2+ concentration (0.10 mg L-1) was on the borderline of maximum permissible limit of 0.10 mg L-1 set by Central Pollution Control Board for safe discharge of industrial effluent in inland surface water. The average concentration of cyanide
(0.01 mg L-1) in the treated industrial effluent of our study is of great concern to the fisheries of freshwater ecosystem in which the effluents finally get discharged. Based on the results of the present study, it is concluded that the pollution level in the discharged pharmaceutical effluent is of the great concern requiring proper treatment and regular scientific monitoring so as to protect the environmental
degradation of water resources and facilitate the propagation of the aquatic life.

Through its chronic pollution and recurrent explosions, the petrochemical industry is the source of constant damage for fenceline communities. Measures that might prevent or correct this damage are postponed with a local ow of money, a situation viewed through the prism of the di erent levels of damage, from chronic pollution to cancers and explosions. This article analyzes how a collective lawsuit launched against a petrochemical complex in Taiwan is challenging this economy. Formosa Plastics, the owner of the petrochemical complex, is one of the world's largest chemical companies. Its 'good neighbor' policy includes a mix of political corruption, patronage care services and regular cash payments. Based on a four-year observation and in-depth interviews with the plainti s and other local sources, this article draws on the sociology of money to examine the ambiguous role of compensation in disputes over environmental and public health damage. I show that the search for justice and compensation nourishes a range of expectations. This includes, in proportion to the scope of the damage, a moral condemnation of the polluters and the prevention of further harm, in addition to economic assistance.

The area of study selected in the present investigation was Kasardi River which receives heavy discharge of waste effluent from the nearby Taloja industrial belt which is one of the fastest developing industrial belt of Mumbai. The study was performed to investigate the concentration of toxic heavy metals like chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and iron (Fe) in river. It was observed that concentration of most of these heavy metals were much higher than the maximum permissible limits. These heavy metals have created threat to the aquatic life and through biomagnifications may enter the food chain thereby affecting the human beings as well. The research work was extended further to study the physico-chemical properties like temperature, pH, solid content, chloride, oil / grease content, BOD and COD values of the river water. The authors point out that as India moves towards stricter regulation of industrial effluents to control water pollution, there is a need to implement common objectives, compatible policies and programmes for improvement in the industrial waste water treatment methods.

A study was conducted on farmers' fields to investigate the impact of polluted irrigation water on soil salinity/sodicity parameters at root zone depth. In Ratlam area, the groundwater has been polluted with salts due to contamination with percolating industrial effluent used for irrigation to winter crops. In Nagda, water of Chambal river was severely polluted with effluents mainly from a textile industry. Marked increases in salinity as well as sodicity in irrigated soils were observed, magnitude being much more in the soils irrigated with polluted river water at Nagda. Increase in Na+, Cl−, SO42− and HCO3− and decrease in K+ and NO3− concentrations in the soil solution were also observed in the soils of Ratlam. Rainfall during June to October resulted in decrease in EC, SAR, ESP as well as concentrations of Na+, Cl− and SO42− in soils irrigated with polluted water in both areas.

An investigation was made to ascertain heavy metals concentration in effluent samples collected from different textile and garments industries located at Bhaluka industrial area, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during August to November, 2013. Atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) was used to evaluate the concentration of Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb) in the samples. The study revealed that heavy metals were present in variable amounts, where the concentrations of Cu (0.0405 ppm) and Pb (0.0003 ppm) were found lower than recommended level for industrial waste water. Among the present trace metals, the highest concentration (0.2-1.0 ppm) was found in Zn. Although the concentration is suitable for irrigation, it is unsafe for aquaculture. Besides, all of the wastewater samples possessed no Cr, Cd and Ni, which comprised less of the minimum acceptance level, indicating no possibility of contamination. However, comparing findings of this study with the safe limits for industrial wastewater, it can be concluded that the waste water of the study area except some sampling sites can be used for irrigation and aquaculture.

This Socio-Economic Study was conducted in the project affected area of GMR Kamalanga Energy Limited (GKEL) in Dhenkanal, Odisha to understand the ground scenario post the setting-up of GKEL coal-based thermal power plant by GMR Energy.

Contradictory to the often used argument that setting up industries in rural areas boosts local economy and generates employment, this study finds that a majority of the people in the 11 project affected villages have lost their livelihood without being compensated with employment in the company. The number of landless families has significantly increased. Some of the impacts of the GKEL project on the community are relating to land alienation, depletion of ground water table, pollution, diversion of ayacut land, loss of irrigated land, loss of labour, loss of access to forest lands and its produce and loss of community commons.

L'articolo tratta l'intreccio tra modificazioni ambientali, diritto alla salute e lotte sociali tramite una etnografia sul caso del movimento No al carbone a Brindisi una città con un'alta densità industriale e con importanti criticità ambientali e sanitarie. La ricerca antropologica su questo terreno ha mostra-to come il rapporto tra processi di contaminazione, tutela dell'ambiente e diritto alla salute si inscriva in campi di forze al contempo scientifici, politici e giuridici che sono attraversati da tensioni sociali e politiche tra istituzioni pubbliche, compagnie e movimenti per la giustizia ambientale. Si tratta di veri e propri laboratori conflittuali in cui la posta in gioco è una sorta di nuova cittadinanza biologica che da un lato definisce l'opposizione all'in-tervento invasivo sui territori, dall'altro indica possibilità di sviluppo soste-nibile veicolate da delicate dinamiche identitarie che investono i processi di patrimonializzazione dei beni culturali e naturali locali. Dal 2009, contro l'invasiva presenza industriale, il movimento No al Carbone è promotore di una protesta articolata da manifestazioni di piazza, rapporti con altri movi-menti, scissioni interne, azioni legali, di epidemiologia popolare, di bonifica dei siti contaminati. Da resoconti etnografici articolati nella lunga durata, l'intervento si focalizzerà sulle azioni degli attivisti, provando a riflettere sui nessi tra saperi scientifici, processi di patrimonializzazione e politica. Sviluppo e industria Questo articolo si riferisce a un segmento di una più ampia ricerca etnogra-fica su modificazioni ambientali dovute all'inquinamento industriale, dirit-to alla salute e conflitti sociali, avviata nel 2010 nel Comune di Brindisi, un'area densamente industrializzata con interessi per compagnie industriali

Industrial activities are vital for the economy, but they must balance with care for the environment because environmental conservation is equally important as the process of industrial manufacturing. One major issue with industrialization is its tendency to impact the environment negatively whereby most industries emit their wastes in the water, on land, and in the air, thereby leading to pollution. Various elements are released as a result of pollution, and these elements can be organic, inorganic or metallic. In this paper, one element has been selected from each category and their effect on the environment as well as ways of minimizing its impact has been analyzed. For metallic pollutant, chromium has been selected and its effect on the soils considered. In the case of organic pollutants, suspended protein wastes have been selected and their effects in water considered. Lastly, sulfides have been considered as an inorganic pollutant and its effects on the air considered. All the three pollutants are emitted from the tannery industry, but textile industry has also been considered because it is a source of sulfide pollutants.

This is an introduction to a paper by maverick sociologist Kazuko Tsurumi ((1918-2006),  entitled "New Lives: Some Case Studies of Minamata." The paper dates from 1987 and is based on fieldwork conducted in Minamata, Kumamoto prefecture, between 1976 and 1983. The paper introduces three of the heroes of the movement to gain redress for the victims of Minamata Disease – mercury poisoning caused by contamination of the Shiranui Sea by the town's main employer, Chisso Corporation, a major chemical maker still very much in business today. The paper contains valuable source material on the Minamata redress movement, dramatized through three extraordinary personalities. At the same time I explain that it is characteristic of Tsurumi that she also seeks to relate the case studies to her broader intellectual concerns, by identifying the three victim-activists as representatives of her typology of forms of creativity.

A study was conducted in 3 villages (Tengratila, Girishnogor and Alipur) at Dowarabazzar Upazilla under Sunamganj district during 26 June to 20 July, 2005. The researcher collected information through personal interview from the individual respondent at their locality. The study revealed a highly significant highest temperature (55.12 o C) in 1 st two days from blow out was observed in Tengratila and lowest temperature (50.37 o C) for Alipur. The intensity of temperature after 1 st two days of blow out was 35.60 o C for Tengratila, 34.27 o C for Girishnogor and 33.30 o C for Alipur. A significant (p<5%) highest and lowest rainfall was recorded as 36.44 mm day-1 and 32.08 mm day-1 , respectively from Tengratila and Alipur. A highly significant humidity (p<0.1%) from blow out was observed in Tengratila having 85.84% as well as 83.12% for Girishnogor and 83.05% for Alipur. Total infrastructure losses were estimated from Tengratila, Girishnogor and Alipur villages as 241 lakh Tk, 106.8 lakh Tk and 52.2 lakh Tk respectively. The second blow out burnt valuable gas worth Tk 34 core. The blow out largely affected the soil environment in the study area. The observed pH from the collected soil sample ranged from 4.79 to 5.12 which indicated occurring of soil acidity due to blow out in Tengratila gas field. The abrupt increase in EC (75.75-318.75 mS cm-1) at surface layer in all patterns was also observed in study area. Some correlations were also computed from soil analysis within the range of-0.648 to 0.809. Finally, seven probable causes and eight protective measures were seek out from the study area where under ground gas pressure was regarded as the major causes of firing. Stop firing as soon as possible was the urgent measure but the best protective measure was skilled and experienced employee involvement in the Gas Field Exploration Company.

There is a growing concern on heavy metals in consumer products due to their potential human health risks and environmental effects. In this study, the levels of zinc, cadmium, lead and nickel were assessed in 3 different classes of personal care products commonly used in Ibadan, Nigeria. Samples were analysed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after acid digestion. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of the metals and Health Risk Index (HRI) were calculated to assess the human health risks associated with the use of these PCPs. The concentrations (mg/kg) of zinc ranged from 3.75 to 19.3, 1.88 to 112,000 and 19.8 to 217 respectively in creams, powders and eyeliners. Cadmium ranged from ND—0.50, ND—36.3 and ND—0.50 mg/kg while lead ranged from ND—6.25, ND—468 and 3.73–27.5 mg/kg and nickel ranged from ND—6.25, 0.13–107 and 2.75–22.7 mg/kg respectively. There were high concentrations of Cd, Pb and Ni in some of the samples when compared with the available permissible limits in cosmetics (Cd: 0.3 ppm, Pb: 10 ppm and Ni: 0.6 ppm while there is no permissible limit for Zn in cosmetics currently available). Prolonged use of PCPs may pose human health and environmental risks due to toxic metal loading through dermal contact and accumulation over a period of time. Hence, the need for necessary government agencies to regulate and enforce toxic metals in consumer products including cosmetics produced and imported into Nigeria to safeguard public health and the environment, which is the final sink.

The industrial cities are one of the most important sources of environmental pollution in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Chemical, cement, pesticides, steel mills and iron, lead smelters, tanning and other multiple hazardous industries exist in clusters in the industrial cities of Riyadh. In the general system of the kingdom, they have been classified as dangerous as they pose negative effects on the environment and human health. This study aims at assessing the level of the environmental awareness among the employees of industrial cities and their knowledge on the environment they work in. The ultimate objective of study is to help in preserving the environment and provide safe environment to the workers to avoid industrial risks and to ensure application of the occupational health and
safety measures. Data was collected through personal interviews with a simple random sample of 321 workers,
engaged in the multiple disciplines and they represent the real diversity existing in the industrial cities’ workforce.
The results showed that 31% of the respondents had good level of environmental awareness, while 60% were found
with weak level of environmental awareness and 9% respondents had an average level of environmental awareness.
The results of the study showed that there is a correlation between the educational level and age of the respondents
and their level of environmental awareness. The study established the need for raising environmental awareness
among the workers in the industrial cities through implementation of awareness campaigns. Initiatives on environmental education can be taken by organizing lectures, seminars and training courses. The development of signs
and distribution of publications that could enhance the awareness level on environment among the workers should
be used. It is important to make the workers aware of risks involved at their workplaces, risks of environmental hazards and health issues that may result from manufacturing processes.

Disposal of hazardous wastes emitting from industries is causing severe environmental pollution across the world. In this paper, we examine the profile of hazardous wastes generation in Andhra Pradesh, India, in terms of total generation of hazardous wastes, the number of hazardous wastes generating industrial units, composition of hazardous wastes, and pollution intensity of such wastes. We also estimate the Pollution Concentration Intensity, to ascertain the districts in which there is high concentration of polluting industries, and the District Pollution Intensity, and Vulnerability Index, to depict the pollution exposure rate of population of different districts of Andhra Pradesh. Our findings show that the maximum Pollution Concentration Index is for Vishakhapatnam district, followed by Srikakulam. Shares of Recycled and Disposable wastes are similarly highest in Vishakhapatnam district, followed by Ranga Reddy district. When estimating the Vulnerability Index, we find that Hyderabad district, which has the highest population density in Andhra Pradesh, was the most vulnerable to pollution from hazardous wastes, while Nizamabad district was the least vulnerable. Finally, we look at economic and ecologically efficient ways of disposal of hazardous wastes, which will earn both profits for the generating industries, and reduce environmental pollution.

This article analyzes media responses to a 2010 Greenpeace China report titled Swimming in Poison. Among other alarming data, the report states that fish from collection points along the Yangtze River showed elevated levels of harmful “environmental hormones” (huanjing jisu), also referred to as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Scholars  have critiqued  EDC  science  and  activism  for  its heteronormative  pathologizing  of  intersexuality,  nonreproductive  sexual  activity, and impaired fertility, drawing attention to the “sex panic” at work in EDC discourse. This article shows that such sex panic is neither necessary nor universal in anxieties surrounding  EDCs.  Unlike  media  responses  to  EDC  events  in  Europe  and  North America, Chinese news articles that followed the report did not focus on anxieties surrounding sexual transgression. Instead, media reactions focused on food safety, industrial capitalism, and the ecological scope of pollution. Based on this analysis, the  author  argues  that  the  disruptive  quality  and  analytic  potential  of  China’s environmental  hormones  has  less  to  do  with  a  defense  of  sexual purity or bodily integrity,  and  more  to  do  with  acknowledging  the  depths  to  which  human  and nonhuman  bodies  in  today’s  China  are  suffused  with  the  sometimes  toxic  social, economic, political, and chemical environments in which people eat, grow, and live

Consommer et jeter un déchet est polluant. Tenter de les éliminer aussi. Part maudite, la pollution présente un degré certain de fatalité et d’ubiquité. Peut-on seulement s’en débarrasser sans la déplacer ou en reproduire le mode d’action ? Que les pollués contestent par exemple l’implantation d’un incinérateur, ils seront accusés de polluer le politique, la démocratie représentative ou l’intérêt général. En prenant appui sur une enquête anthropologique de terrain réalisée à Marseille de 2005 à 2007, nous verrons qu’il y a là plus qu’une simple métaphore. Une technique. Car si la pollution sert de modèle par contumace pour stigmatiser les oppositions, rendre les contestataires polluants et les conflits contagieux, elle est bien un pouvoir. Et réciproquement. Qui pourrait croire que pouvoirs et conflits peuvent rester propres ?

The paper deals with monitoring of pollution arising due to textile based industries located along the Dombivali industrial belt of Mumbai, India. The study was carried for the period of one year from June, 2012 to May, 2013 to study the level of toxic heavy metals and the physico-chemical properties of waste water effluents discharged from the above industries. The concentration level of majority of toxic heavy metals like Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were reported to be maximum of 45.58, 2.00, 2.06 and 9.20 ppm respectively in the month of April, while Cr and Fe concentration levels were found to be 2.50 and 55.30 ppm in the month of March. The effluent samples collected in the month of July was reported to show high BOD content of 564 ppm, while COD content was maximum of 2436 ppm in the month of October. The effluent samples collected in the month of January was having very low DO content of 3.21 ppm and high cyanide content of 0.09 ppm. The alkalinity, hardness and chloride content were maximum of 2158, 198 and 2765 ppm respectively in the effluent samples collected in the month of February. The effluents were having high total solid content of 8269 ppm during the month of April, while the salinity and phosphate contents were reported high of 5.64 and 125.70 ppm during the month of May. It was observed that the concentration level of majority of toxic heavy metals and the values of various physico-chemical parameters were above the tolerable limit set for inland surface water. The present experimental data on environmental risk assessment studies due to textile industries may be regarded as an aid towards a better understanding of the problem arising due to such industries. There is a need to convey the message that prevention of adverse health effects and promotion of health are profitable investments for employers and employees as a support to a sustainable development of economics.

Industrial Solid Waste Management is one of the biggest problems the world faces today. It is an issue that troubles us
economically, physically and everyday of the human lives. The contamination of the environment due to these ISW is
also being linked to some of the diseases that are around currently. The study focuses on fly ash generation for Durg –
Bhilai Twin City along with its composition and environmental impact. The various parameters are considered like
percentage loss on ignition (LOI), SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO and MgO from the different industrial sources in the Durg
- Bhilai Twin City (DBTC) industrial Region. The chemical composition data were compared. It was found that
sample 1 of flyash gives the more loss of ignition and sample – 3 high LOI (12.8 %), high iron content (30 %) with
maximum values of CaO and MgO. The study seeks out the environmental effect on study area and utilization of fly
ash as a light construction material in Durg – Bhilai Twin City region based on its chemical and physical
characterization.

This prospectus examines 6 areas impacting pollution and recovery in the Puget Sound, Washington State. Industrial pollution, consumer waste, toxic sites, climate change, population growth, and call to consider the Salish Sea as a sacred site for preservation.

This article offers empirical evidence regarding one of the oldest
controversies in the economics literature: interfaces between income level and the
environment. In spite of the significant debate about possible causal relations among
income, pollution and environmental degradation, it has been dominated by
oversimplifications of the complex realities involved. They allege, at one extreme, that
accelerated population growth is the cause of poverty which is seen as cause of
environmental degradation. At the other extreme, the concentration of wealth in the
hands of a small percentage of the population is alleged to be the cause of an immense
demand of natural resources. Such simplifications have survived for many years
because of the scarcity of empirical work testing those hypotheses. Objective: The
present empirical research was designed to test the relationship among income levels,
poverty, inequality and environmental degradation. Multiple linear regression analysis
models were used to handle the data gathered from secondary Brazilian sources.
Results: In spite of most of the robust results obtained, there is persistent evidence of a
considerable conceptual hiatus to be overcome if any robust understanding is to be
achieved regarding the correlations that exist among income level, income distribution
and the use of natural capital by society. Conclusion: Poverty may be both a cause and
a consequence of high level of environmental degradation just as income distribution
inequality may lead to the coexistence of both degradation and conservation of natural
capital.

The present research work deals with the assessment of pollution due to toxic heavy metals in the industrial waste water effluents collected from Taloja industrial belt of Mumbai. The study reveals that dyes, paints, pharmaceutical and textile industries are some of the major industries contributing to the heavy metal pollutants in the surrounding aquatic environment. It was observed that paint manufacturing industries are the major contributors of toxic Cr, Zn and Pb amounting to 35.2, 33.1, and 31.4 mg/L respectively. It was also observed that major contribution of Cu (33.3 mg/L) was from dyes manufacturing units, while maximum Fe concentration of 12.8 mg/L was found in effluent samples released from textile industries. The concentration of Cd and Ni was found maximum in effluent samples collected from pharmaceutical industries amounting to 35.8 and 33.6 mg/L respectively. The overall results point out high concentration of toxic heavy metals in the effluent samples collected from different industries. These industrial effluents will pollute the near by water bodies affecting the growth of vegetation and aquatic life. These toxic heavy metals when released in aquatic environment will enter the food chain through bio-magnification causing various health problems in humans. The results of the present investigation point out the need to implement common objectives, compatible policies and programmes for improvement in the industrial waste water treatment methods.

Industries have been increased due to urbanization and global development consideration. The industries have been increasing the economic development with environmental degradation. The Industry produce waste matter these are added with pollutant substances such as, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu). These substances consist with water body and decrease a result the Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) have decreased. The wetlands of Nayarhat sub-industrial area of Dhaka are fully polluted by industrial pollution. The level of pollution is not sustainable for any aquatic fauna. During the monsoon period the pollution level is less but this period the water are not capable for sustain of aquatic fauna. As a result the aquatic fauna which comes from upstream water these cannot alive due to pollutant substance. In the pre monsoon and dry season this area are free from aquatic fauna.

The paper deals with monitoring of pollution arising due to dyeing industries located along the Dombivali industrial belt of Mumbai, India. The study was carried for the period of one year from June, 2012 to May, 2013 to study the level of toxic heavy metals and the physico-chemical properties of waste water effluents discharged from the above industries. The concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, Fe and Zn were found to be maximum of 44.78, 2.50, 1.75, 1.45, 64.22 and 13.22 ppm respectively in the industrial waste water effluent.It was observed that the pH value was maximum of 12.30 in the month of June while the conductivity was found to be maximum of 48000 µmhos/cm in the month of February. The majority of physco-chemical parameters like alkalinity, salinity and total solid content (TS) were observed to be maximum in the month of February having values of 3578, 44.08 and 40450 ppm respectively. The high cyanide (0.18 ppm) and phosphate (112.90 ppm) levels were reported in the effluents released during the month of March. The industrial effluent released in the month of June was reported to have high hardness, chloride and COD content having the values of 743, 2381, 8957 ppm respectively; while the DO content was found to be very low of 2.77 ppm. The BOD content in the effluents was found to be maximum of 603 ppm in the month of October. The results of present study indicates that the existing situation if mishandled can cause irreparable ecological harm in the long term well masked by short term economic prosperity due to extensive industrial growth.