Investors

In the knowledge-based economy, the fundamental determinants of the company’s value, in the present, have an intangible nature. The intangible investments are the most important factors of the enterprise success. Wealth, growth and welfare are driven nowadays by intangible investments. The knowledge economy is characterized by huge investments in human capital and informational technology. The current accounting regulation does not allow companies to capitalize a big part of investments in intangibles (produced by a company) and to report these as assets in the financial reports. There are inconsistencies regarding the book-keeping treatment of the two categories of intangible assets: internally generated and externally, acquired from the outside of the company.

Few financial crises, historically speaking, have attracted such attention as the Mississippi and South Sea Bubbles of 1719–20. The twin bubbles had major economic and political implications, sending shock waves through the whole of Europe; they astonished contemporaries, and, to a large extent, they still resonate today. This volume offers new readings of these events, drawing on fresh research and new evidence that challenge traditional interpretations. The chapters engage, in particular, with:

- the geographical frame of the 1719-20 bubbles
- their social, cultural, economic and political impact
- the ways in which contemporaries understood speculation
- the contributions and impact of a diverse array of participants
- popular and print memorialization of the events

Overall, the volume helps to rewrite the history of the 1719–20 bubbles and to recontextualize their place within eighteenth-century history.

Free cash flow has been subject of discussions in the last few decades. Central to these discussions is how best free cash flows should be utilized. This paper examines the link between free cash flow and debt; on capital expenditure. An unbalanced panel data was obtained from audited annual financial statements of twenty-six companies listed in the Malta Stock Exchange. The data covered an eight-year period, from 2012 to 2019, and was analysed using STATA14 and Microsoft Excel. F-test was initially conducted to choose between random effect and fixed effect models but result of the estimates was found unreliable, hence Hausman test was employed. Other diagnostic tests, including Durbin-Watson and Breusch-Pagan, were equally conducted. Our results showed a significantly negative association between the free cash flow – capital expenditure dyad, and a significantly positive association between debt and capital expenditure. These suggest that firms rely more on debt to finance capital ...

Indian mutual fund industry started with traditional products like equity fund, debt fund and balanced fund and later significantly increased it's product base. Today, the industry has introduced a wide range of products such as money market funds, sector specific funds, index funds, gilt funds, insurance linked funds, exchange traded funds, and marching towards reality funds. The different types of schemes offered by the Indian mutual fund industry provide several options of investment to common man. What is noteworthy is that bulk of the mobilization has been by the private sector mutual funds rather than bank sponsored mutual funds. Through this paper the author has attempted to focus on the the factors that motivate the investors to invest in mutual funds.

With the zeal to reward, appreciate and honor fellow entrepreneurs who have taken risk, became enterprising, created hope, made change, created innovations and made a contribution to the society, we have planned for a Entrepreneurs Development Program where we will Reward all the Entrepreneur who has shown their dedication. With the promotion and recognition to fellow Entrepreneurs we may create a room of hope, trust, believe, self confidence and positive message that their contribution to society has significant impact of our lives. This will make a surge of desire to become entrepreneurs.
With this mission we have started our Entrepreneurs Development Award, which will foster development of Entrepreneurship in Nepal.

This study aims to examine the influence of attitudes, the impact of the social environment, and investment knowledge on the desire to invest in the capital market by young investors. Specifically, this study refers to the predictors of Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) to establish factors that influence investment desires. This study uses primary data from a closed questionnaire, with 166 valid responses through online surveys from investors in several university investment galleries in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that the attitude of investors and investment knowledge influence the desire to invest. However, the impact of the social environment did not succeed in triggering the investment desire of young investors. These finding underscores the influence of the social environment only being a support, meanwhile, the internal factors of the individual are the main ones making young investors want to invest. As a...

Investasi pemerintah adalah salah satu pendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi di suatu daerah. Dengan adanya investasi pemerintah maka pertumbuhan ekonomi akan selalu naik, karena mengundang para investor untuk datang ke daerah tersebut, dengan demikian akan menyerap tenaga kerja untuk dapat bekerja di daerah tersebut sehingga mengurangi tingkat pengangguran yang ada. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran investor sebagai motor penggerak pemerintahan Indonesia dalam pertumbuhan perekonomian Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil penghimpunan dari berbagai rujukan pertumbuhan perekonomian Indonesia, investasi ternyata dapat menekan angka kemiskinan di Indonesia.

La meta principal de los inversionistas en los mercados financieros es lograr maximizar los rendimientos de su portafolio pero bajo el escenario de un minimo de riesgos. Este documento presenta una resena bibliografica sobre algunas de las metodologias estudiadas para conformar portafolios optimos de inversion en Colombia bajo un criterio de diversificacion de los activos. Como resultado de esta investigacion, se concluye que la Teoria Moderna de Seleccion de carteras de Harry Markowitz, es la mas utilizada en las investigaciones, a traves de simulaciones basadas en la herramienta tecnologica Microsoft Excel.

Abstrak:
Dalam skenario ekonomi yang berubah ini, investasi di berbagai perusahaan menjadi kompleks karena orang menginvestasikan sejumlah besar uang, bahkan ketika ada sedikit perubahan dari perusahaan yang menguntungkan. Sebagian besar investor memiliki ekspektasi rasional dan memaksimalkan utilitas mereka. Namun, perilaku ekonomi berdasarkan studi aktif berpendapat bahwa pasar tidak efisien, terutama dalam jangka pendek dan orang tidak membuat keputusan yang rasional untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan. Manusia yang rentan terhadap berbagai perilaku menyimpang yang menjadi kontra produktif dengan prinsip maksimalisasi kekayaan yang mengarah ke perilaku irasional. Artikel ini membahas arti dan pentingnya perilaku keuangan dan penerapannya dalam keputusan investasi. Artikel ini juga membahas beberapa pendekatan perdagangan bagi investor dalam saham dan obligasi untuk membantu mereka dalam memanifestasikan dan mengendalikan hambatan psikologis mereka.

Tyler Tysdal is an expert when it comes to matters of investment and he has spent his entire career working in a number of roles within this industry. From fund manager to investor, Tyler knows his way around his world very well and that is why we are very lucky that he has made the time to speak with us to answer the investment queries which you have been sending us. Today we are going to focus on venture capital and private equity, two very similar investment vehicles but two strategies which also differ greatly from one another, and here is how.

Key Differences
Whilst both of these investment strategies involve a pooled fund which invests in a business, the details around each of them do differ a lot. The key difference between the two methods is that venture capital will look to invest in a young business such as a start up, and private equity is about investing in a business which is well established.

Investment Stage
As you can imagine the stage of investment between these two strategies is the key difference and in the case of venture capital this investment will be made very early on in the life of a business. The idea behind venture capital is that an investment group will look to significantly invest in this company and use their experience of business to impact opportunities for the young company. In the case of private equity this investment will usually come when a business is seeking additional funds or if it is struggling. In such a situation a private equity group will invest heavily and seek to place a member on the board, selling back the investment once the company is on a better footing.

Industries
Another key difference between these two investment vehicles is the type of industry which they will look to invest in. For venture capital funds they will seek out young businesses which are operating in rapidly growing industries such as tech, pharma or energy. For private equity funds they will invest in any industry as long as the investment makes sense financially.

Level of Ownership
When venture capital funds put their money into young businesses they will aim to try and get a large stake in return, often up to 49% which allows the owners to stay on as majority shareholders. In the case of private equity they will look for a far more sizable stake as well as expect a board position. This will usually have clauses within the contract which indicate a temporary arrangement.

The risk levels of these two strategies also differs greatly, in the case of venture capital there is of course a much higher risk to the investment given that the young business has not yet managed to prove itself.

As you can see there are clear similarities between these two investment vehicles, but the details separate them and this is where the differences lie.

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Tyler Tysdal details the 3 different types of private equity funds. Venture Capital

Venture capital falls under the umbrella of private equity but it is usually discussed as being a separate form of investment. VC funds look to buy low stakes in new businesses such as a start-up and then seek to use financial backing and experience to impact opportunities and help the business to reach its goals. Usually, the state of investment will be early and the business types will be those that are in rapid growth industries. This is a relatively high-risk strategy with a simple goal, invest, grow and then sell the valuable stake and share profits amongst investors.

Leveraged Buyouts

This is the most common private equity vehicle which you are likely to see and leveraged buyouts are seen as a lower risk strategy. PE funds will look to take full control of a struggling company, using the pool of funds which it has along with borrowed money. Once they have control they will look to strip assets, restructure the management team, streamline the employee structure and find ways and opportunities that it can use to increase the value of the business. Once this is completed and the value rises, the PE fund will then look to sell the business in its entirety, repay any money which has been borrowed and then share out the profits amongst its investors. There is no restriction on which types of industries these funds will invest in, as long as the due diligence suggests that the business is worthwhile and can be turned around quickly.

Growth Equity

Growth equity sits somewhere between later-stage venture capital investment and leveraged buyout, and it involves a fund offering financial support for a business, which is looking for growth, for a sizable but not controlling stake in the business. This growth may be organic or it could be done using mergers and acquisitions. The growth equity fund will look at this as a short term investment and once growth is achieved it will sell off the stake and spread the profits amongst its investors.

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"Objective: Share Market investment is a lively platform to invest in the various industries. The objective of the study is to identify investment behavior of the different age groups and to find out the difference in perception of Investors in the decision of investing on the basis of Gender. This study aims to gain knowledge about key factors that influence investment behavior and ways these factors impact investment risk tolerance and decision making process among men and women and among different age groups. The individuals may be equal in all aspects, may even be living next door, but their financial planning needs are very different. It is by using different age groups along with Gender that synergism between investors can be generated. In this context, demographics alone no longer suffice as the basis of segmentation of individual investors. Hence keeping this in mind, the present study is an attempt to find out Factors which affects individual investment decision and Differences in the perception of Investors in the decision of investing on basis of Age and on the basis of Gender. The study concludes that investor's age and gender predominantly decides the risk taking capacity of investors.Methodology: The study is based on secondary data sources. For the present study, a thorough review of existing empirical literature has been collected from various online databases& search engines such as SSRN& Google scholar were reviewed and various books on Investor behavior were reviewed from various existing literature, Academicians& researchers have identified various factors influencing the behavior of an individual investors. Findings: The paper identifies the importance given to the age factors influence in the investment sector and how it is plays the major role in the research papers on the investment behavior of the share market.Novelty/Application: Although various papers have studied the investment behavior among the generational group not many have been able to analyze the antecedents of generational group in depth and study the impact of each on investment decision making of the investor. The paper has attempted to study these in detail. Angelin S. Kiruba | Dr. S.Vasantha""Investment Behavior Among Generational Group"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2376.pdf
Article URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/2376/investment-behavior-among-generational-group/angelin-s-kiruba--"

Entrepreneurs and investors face challenges in the 'thin market' for early stage entrepreneurial finance. Improving this situation has been a priority of policy makers for at least a decade, however, the challenges in this matching process are still poorly understood. Theory suggests that matching problems may originate in different perceptions in areas such as evaluation criteria, risk and risk management by investors and entrepreneurs. To find a good match it seems essential to understand what is important to your counterpart. Based on a mixed methods approach using data collected in semi-structured interviews and a survey with both entrepreneurs and investors mostly active in green tech innovation, this study systematically analyses where their perceptions deviate and where frictions in the matching process may occur. We find that a mismatch exists in the perception of risk, the importance attached to risk, the search channels used to find a potential partner and the evaluation criteria applied in evaluating a proposition (i.e., exit, innovativeness, capabilities of teams). This paper suggests that increasing market transparency and creating a mutual understanding of the investment process will prevent potentially damaging perception misalignment from arising in the first place.

Licensing is a concept that is needed by a country to boost its national economy. Especially dor developing countries like Indonesia, which have not been able to independently develop their country's economy. Throuh this permit it is hoped that it can attract domestic and foreign investors to do business and invest their asset in Indonesia. Licensing that is in the spotlight is business licensig. The process of obtaining permits in a public service office usually takes a long time. On the country, the provision of good public services is the right of every citizen. The enactment of law number 25 year 2009 concerning Public Services is the basis for implementing public services, because basically bureaucratsare public servant. However, to realize good service, not only depends on good rules but also the morale of the implementer.

: There are a lot of investment avenues available today in the financial market for an investor with surplus investment
fund. A person can invest in Bank Deposits, Corporate Debentures, and Bonds where there is low risk but low return. A mutual
fund is an ideal investment vehicle for retail investors in today’s complex and modern financial scenario. Markets for equity
shares, bonds and other fixed income instruments, real estate, derivatives and other assets have become mature and information
driven. Price change in these assets are driven by the global events occurring in faraway places. Mutual funds have already
entered into a world of exciting innovative products.
Thus, mutual funds industry has moved from offering a handful of schemes like equity, debt or balanced funds to liquid, money
market, sector specific funds, index funds and gilt edged funds. Mutual funds have gained an unprecedented thrust since 2003.
Indians generally save up to 30% of their salaried income which is very high. Mutual funds have been a good option for
investing money of the salaried class. Diversification of mutual fund schemes has allowed more investors to come in and pool
their assets.
The total amount of savings in the financial saving showed a whopping 18% increase in 2014. Investors are now more inclined
towards putting money in mutual funds than compared to physical assets. This has significantly increased the assets under
management (AUM) in the last 4-5 years. The AUM has increased a staggering 29% from August 2014 to August 2015 for fresh
mutual fund mobilization. Mutual funds have had a positive impact on the finance sector in terms of consistent investment. The
pooled money is providing a helping hand in the development of the industry.

Finance is the bedrock of real estate development. Its availability and accessibility are important for a successful investment. In most cases, investors don’t have substantial finance to execute a project; instead, they resort to an external source through mortgage financing. However, there are difficulties in accessing mortgage finance particularly due to borrower’s default, thereby hindering finance accessibility. This study investigates factors determining mortgage finance accessibility for providing real estate projects in Lagos State, Nigeria. The target populations are the Primary Mortgage Institutions and Real Estate Developers in Lagos State. The collected data were analysed using factor analysis and Mann-Whitney U test. The study revealed that income, nature of the occupation, type of collateral, years of the banking relationship, loan duration and loan sector are the major determinants of access to mortgage finance. These factors must be succinctly considered to ensure ease of access, adequate provision and utilisation for real estate development.

The purpose of this study is to examine investors' perceptions about investing in crypto-currencies. We think that investors trust in crypto-currencies is largely driven by crypto-currency comprehension, trust in government, and transaction speed. This is the first study to examine crypto-currencies from the investor's perspective. Following that, we discover important antecedents of crypto-currency confidence. Second, we look at the government's role in crypto-currencies. The importance of this study is: first, crypto-currencies have the potential to disrupt the current economic system as the debate is all about impact of decentralization of transactions; thus, further research into how it affects investors trust is essential; and second, access to crypto-currencies. Finally, if Fin-Tech companies or banks want to enter the bitcoin industry may not attract huge advertising costs as well as marketing to soothe clients' concerns about investing in various digital currencies The research sheds light on indecisiveness in the context of marketing aspects adopted by demonstrating investors are aware about the crypto.

The investment climate in the country depends largely on the level of confidence of potential investors, which actualizes the need to provide transparent and quality financial reporting to economic entities. Powerful corporations that have established an effective corporate governance mechanism are able to provide high competitive advantage over the long term, contributing to their financial and economic stability. The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on the quality of a company's financial statements. The corporate governance rules in force in Saudi Arabia were developed in 2006, then revised twice in 2009 and 2015, and only finally approved in 2017. The survey was based on the results of an electronic survey of 56 Saudi financial analysts selected from their LinkedIn profiles (financial analysts were selected by respondents because they play a significant role in the capital markets and are users of financial statements). The author points out that the objectivity of the survey results can be enhanced by expanding the sample of survey participants. The questionnaire contained 11 questions about corporate governance and its contribution to improving the quality of the financial statements of the respective companies. The results of the survey have empirically confirmed that corporate governance is a factor contributing to improving the quality of financial reporting and, consequently, increasing foreign investment inflows, so compliance with the new corporate governance rules is extremely important for Saudi Arabia corporations. Improvements in corporate governance mechanisms are perceived by members of boards of directors, audit committees, and internal audit departments as one of the main factors in improving the quality of financial reporting.

This study investigates the impact of exchange rate misalignment on outward capital flight in Botswana over the period 1980-2015. The study uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration and the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) approach to Granger causality. Botswana's currency misalignment was caused by current account imbalances. The most important determinant of capital flight from Botswana is trade openness, which indicates that exportable commodities are misinvoiced leading to net capital outflows. Our main findings show that in the long-run, when the currency is overvalued, the volume of capital flight through trade misinvoicing declines and increasing foreign reserves does not reduce outward capital flight. However, when the currency is undervalued, the volume of capital flight through trade misinvoicing increases and foreign reserves reduce outward capital flight. Investors respond more to prospects of devaluation than to inflation. Botswana should tolerate overvaluation of the pula of only up to 5%. When the pula is overvalued beyond 5%, capital flight increases substantially. The government has to formulate trade regulations and monitor imported and exported commodities. Botswana should also implement capital controls to limit capital smuggling and maintain monetary autonomy.

The financial crisis has increased claims on grounds of false or mistaken information given to investors in order to capture capital. Many of them are brought before the United States’ jurisdiction seeking for the advantages provided by the securities class actions, which allow to decide in an only proceeding claims involving multiple investors, including the ones resident in other countries. Economic procedural reasons are pushing other States, like Germany or the Netherlands, to introduce some kind of collective remedy as well. This paper aims at presenting how these procedural mechanisms work as well as at addressing the situation of collective justice for investors in Spain, at the moment just restricted to the investor characterized as consumer. Besides, the already depicted internationalization of markets demands to tackle traditional issues of Private international law, i.e. the criteria on international
jurisdiction to interpose a collective action in investment matters, the applicable law to such matters and recognition and enforcement of decisions, maybe the most pressing issue taking into account possible foreign claims against Spanish companies or in which Spanish investors are included. Eventually, this paper closes with the interest of evolving in Spain a collective action comprehending all kind of investors,
an issue which could be finally decided by an European instrument, on which the European Commission is actively working

Međunarodnopravni poredak u XXI veku sve više podseća na kaleidoskop sačinjen od mnoštva nedržavnih aktera, koji različitim aktivnostima utiču na dinamiku međunarodnih odnosa. Počev od položaja nevladinih organizacija, pojedinca ali i manjina-urođeničkih naroda, preko terorističkih grupa, sve do multinacionalnih kompanija, ne postoji nijedna oblast međunarodnog prava u kojoj nedržavni akteri, u većoj ili manjoj meri, nisu uticali na stvaranje, razvoj ili način primene pravnih normi. Ipak, čini se da je uloga nedržavnih aktera najvidljivija u oblasti međunarodnog investicionog prava, što se ogleda kroz rastući uticaj stranih investitora. Njihov položaj izaziva mnoštvo kontroverzi u međunarodnom pravu, pre svega zbog specifičnog mehanizma rešavanja sporova koji investitoru omogućava da podnese tužbu izabranom arbitražnom tribunalu direktno protiv države domaćina. Na taj način, uprkos formalnom nedostatku svojstva subjekta u međunarodnom pravu, investitor uspeva da svoju poziciju u konkretnom sporu faktički izjednači sa državom. Dodatno, nedovoljno rasvetljena pravna priroda tzv. "internacionalizovanih ugovora" pruža mogućnosti za različita tumačenja-mogu li investitori, na osnovu takvih ugovora, uživati ne samo status objekta, već u određenom stepenu i subjekta međunarodnog prava? U ovom radu autor će ispitati izvore međunarodnog investicionog prava, 277 1 Doktorand Pravnog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu i istraživač pripravnik u Institutu za međunarodnu politiku i privredu, Rad je nastao u okviru projekta "Srbija i izazovi u međunarodnim odnosima 2020. godine", koji finansira Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije, a realizuje Institut za međunarodnu politiku i privredu tokom 2020. godine.

Licensing is a concept that is needed by a country to boost its national economy. Especially dor developing countries like Indonesia, which have not been able to independently develop their country's economy. Throuh this permit it is hoped that it can attract domestic and foreign investors to do business and invest their asset in Indonesia. Licensing that is in the spotlight is business licensig. The process of obtaining permits in a public service office usually takes a long time. On the country, the provision of good public services is the right of every citizen. The enactment of law number 25 year 2009 concerning Public Services is the basis for implementing public services, because basically bureaucratsare public servant. However, to realize good service, not only depends on good rules but also the morale of the implementer.

The present research focuses on the behavioural aspect of investment, which tells that the investment decision varies with the uncertainty of the situation and the perception of the individual at different risk level. The risks are categorised by different class of people of sex differences, age differences and different income groups. These individual groups directly or indirectly associated with the perception of individual risk level in decision making. Based on this the present study tries to investigate the effect of gender, age and income differences on investors' risk perception in investment decision in the Indian context. Delhi-NCR region is the primary location of the study for data collection with the help of a questionnaire method. The finding of the study says that there is no significant difference in investors' risk perception among the different independent groups.

Individual investors have huge scope for present earnings and capital appreciation in developing market in India. In recent years corporate securities emerged as a more attractive and Buzzword Avenue for the investors who were looking and think for higher returns and were ready to bear the risk. Which is balanced due to rapid industrialization in the nation since, independence Indian stock market got vitality. The Indian stock market is one of the traditional and largest in the world. A stock market is a place in which long term net worth is raised by industry and commerce, the government and local authorities and it is regarded as long term capital market. The essence of present research paper is to analyses the demographic factors influencing to investors of Hyderabad-Karnataka region, Investment are place of residence, age, gender, marital status, educational level, occupation, family size, no of earning members in the family, monthly family income, Kinds of investor, category of investor, type of market operated and market experience.

The goal of this research is to find out more about investors' preferences and perceptions of the Indian mutual fund system, with a focus on private and public players. The two most common investor classes in the Indian mutual fund market, public and private players, were used to select mutual fund businesses. A mutual fund is a way of pooling money by distributing units to investors and investing the proceeds in securities in accordance with the offer document's goals. As a result, for the typical person, a mutual fund is the greatest investment since it allows them to invest in a diversified, professionally managed basket of securities at a low cost. In recent years, the number of investors and investment sources has exploded. I.

Many industries are struggling massively at this pandemic situation. Making a shift in pandemic down fall stock market in India revamped by Reliance industries. Reliance Industries contributed with substantial decision making during COVID-19 pandemic for the recovery of capital markets. The volatility of reliance industries witnessed its extremeness from the hit 52 Week low to 52 week high within this 4 months. Decision on rights Issue and many partnering deals changed the pandemic situation in capital market through reliance contribution to NIFTY and SENSEX. Spot-on the price of behavior of reliance industries to know the variations of shocks in this 4 months is really need of an hour. The largest ever rights issue was of ered by Reliance Industries Limited Indian history and sale of rights entitlement listed in stock exchange. Company’s aim to make debt free from the debt of Rs.1.6 lakh crore by end of 2020. Amid of COVID-19 market sentiments, rights issue move created positive sentiment among the Indian Investors and Global Investors. Rights issue announcement of Reliance industries impacted significant change in the share price behavior and volume traded in NSE.

Current US immigration law appears to be in widespread violation of bilateral international agreements on trade and investment. The US is party to a number of treaties for investment or trade that include terms on issuing temporary immigration visas, "treaty trader" visas (E-1 visa) or "treaty investor" visas (E-2 visa). These treaties include the older Friendship, Commerce and Navigation treaties (FCNs); Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and the more modern Free-Trade Agreements (FTAs). Rather than apply the immigration terms under each treaty, US immigration law imposes its own requirements, which in many cases are at odds with the terms under the treaties. This paper compares the various treaties to which the US is party and identifies their differences. It then contrasts the practice that the treaties require with US immigration law, further identifying where US immigration law may not be in compliance with the treaties.

This practice is particularly problematic because some of the treaties for investment or trade include complaint mechanisms. Certainly a state would have grounds for complaining that the US is not living up to its treaty obligations, but there may be many reasons why a state party would not want to disturb its bilateral relationship by making such a complaint. However, many of these treaties also include a right for individuals or coporations to bring their own complaints directly against the US under mandatory investment dispute settlement. Thus, current US immigration law on treaty traders and investors is not only in violation of the underlying treaties, but the violations present a real risk of enforcement.

Joshua farahi Expert tips provider. Becoming a great real estate investor sounds like fun, right? Well, it can be exciting, but you have to make sure you plan out things carefully. You are about to find out some helpful strategies to ensure that you don't get derailed when starting out.

Gambling and financial investment have a long shared history, with many convergences and many
moments where each has defined the other as its opposite. In the contemporary Pacific, not least among
evangelical Christians, gambling is often understood as wasteful entertainment and even as an irresponsible
vice. Investment on the other hand is seen as a productive activity for both individuals and
society at large. These moral concerns draw on discourses of proprietorship of the self, of money and of
risk. This paper explores moral attitudes to gambling/investment among middle-class investors in a mass
Ponzi scheme in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and charts new valorizations of risk and investment as
components of the construction of modern ‘financial selves’.
Keywords: gambling, investment, fraud, Christianity, Papua New Guinea.

Stock exchanges to some extent play an important role as indicators, reflecting the performance of the country’s economic state of health. Stock market is a place where securities are bought and sold. It is exposed to a high degree of volatility; prices fluctuate within minutes and are determined by the demand and supply of stocks at a given time. Amidst of high volatility, investors are interested to make investments in share market because of its high return. This paper is an attempt to investigate the perception of share market investors about investing with special reference to Tiruchirappalli District. The objectives of the study were, to study the perception of share market investors and to study their level of satisfaction from market investment. The study is mainly based on the primary data collected from 250 samples and the samples were selected through simple random sampling technique. It is found that, share market investment is not the first and most prioritized option of investment, it only stood as third option and a considerable portion of respondents are not interested in investing shares because of no idea about the field. Even though the investors invested in share market are also not totally happy on their investment decision