Retirement

Since the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks on September 11, 2001, the Fire Department, City of New York Monitoring Program has provided physical and mental health screening services to rescue/recovery workers. This study evaluated performance of the self-report PTSD Checklist (PCL) as a screening tool for risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in firefighters who worked at Ground Zero, compared with the interviewer-administered Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). From December 2005 to July 2007, all retired firefighter enrollees completed the PCL and DIS on the same day. Sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and Youden index (J) were used to assess properties of the PCL and to identify an optimum cutoff score. Six percent of 1,915 retired male firefighters were diagnosed with PTSD using the DIS to assess DSM-IV criteria. Depending on the PCL cutoff, the prevalence of elevated risk relative to DSM-IV criteria varied from 16% to 22%. Youden i...

How do public-sector workers assess their prospects for retirement?  This article examines retirement planning at a public university in South Florida, where contemporary demographics mirror the nation’s expected demographics in 2010.  Like their private sector counterparts, our respondents believe quality of life at retirement will be favorable.  Yet many respondents appear to be under-saving for retirement and fail to recognize that part-time employment is likely to be an integral part of their retirement experience.  As expected, socio-economic factors, particularly education, gender, and ethnicity, play a significant role in determining retirement planning and perceived quality of life in the “Golden Years.” Investment literacy is limited among many of our respondents, particularly females and minorities.  This is critical in light of increased reliance on defined contribution pensions and possible reforms in Social Security.

Purpose-Most research on trauma, resilience and well-being among police officers focusses on those still on active duty. Comparatively speaking, and despite an aging workforce and established negative health outcomes, similar inquiries involving police retirees are not as common. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of on-and off-the-job trauma and resilience on satisfaction with life among a sample of retired police officers. Design/methodology/approach-Data were collected via a cross-sectional nonprobability electronic survey of police retirees in Ontario, Canada. While controlling for employment-related variables and demographic characteristics, a series of hierarchical multiple regression models were used to examine the effects of on-and off-the-job trauma and resilience on satisfaction with life among a sample of 932 participants. Findings-The analysis indicates that off-the-job trauma and both personal and social dimensions of resilience contribute uniquely to satisfaction with life among police retirees. Moreover, this full model explains nearly 37% of the variance in satisfaction with life. Originality/value-This study's findings offer further direction to those working to support the health and well-being of officers currently on the job and those well into their retirement years.

This paper examines the patterns and meanings of innovation in the activities of a group of retirees with an eye toward understanding the place and value of innovation in the aging process. Starting with a consideration of continuity theory, as a perspective that simply describes typical patterns of activity, and activity theory that prescribes expansion of activities as a key to well-being, this paper highlights the characteristics, meanings and perceived benefits of a wide variety of innovative activities. The study utilized in-depth semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 20 male and female retirees involved in a “Learning and Retirement” program. Innovations that both preserve a sense of self (internal continuity) as well as those that allow one to strike out in entirely new direction are described, and, using a process of constant comparison, their motivational dynamics are explored. Given previous arguments that activity can be indiscriminate and disintegrative in some circumstances, we nevertheless suggest that innovation can be growth producing and liberating, even in later life, while at the same time generally protecting a sense of internal continuity.

Este trabalho tem o propósito de discutir analiticamente, com fundamento na Constituição da República e nos demais comandos infralegais, o sistema que rege a atuação dos profissionais do sexo, identificando propostas coerentes ao sistema legal brasileiro com vistas a despertar um entendimento mais moderno do Direito
do Trabalho englobado pelos direitos humanos fundamentais, não só em razão da complexidade do assunto, como também pelo aspecto jurídico de grande referência social do Projeto de Lei “Gabriela Leite”, elaborado por mulheres prostitutas organizadas politicamente, que tem como objetivo legalizar a prostituição e assegurar a efetivação dos direitos fundamentais dos profissionais do sexo. Para que a presente
missão adquira os contornos do possível, far-se-á uma breve digressão a respeito da amplitude da proteção das normas previdenciárias nos dias atuais, bem como os aspectos abordados pelo referido projeto de lei, por meio do método dedutivo, a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas sobre o tema. Descortina-se como finalidade a discussão sobre aspectos previdenciários de uma categoria não abarcada pelo Sistema de Seguridade Social.

Este trabalho destinou-se a defender que se leve em conta, no momento
de concessão dos benefícios previdenciários por incapacidade (auxílio-doença e aposentadoria por invalidez), não apenas a limitação da saúde da pessoa, mas também fatores econômicos, culturais, história de vida e universo social do segurado, ao revés da interpretação restritiva hoje utilizada. Tal objetivo implicará em um importante aporte teórico sobre a incapacidade biopsicossocial, visto que a produção doutrinária sobre o tema é bastante escassa, de modo que não há um posicionamento pacificado e consagrado nesse âmbito, sendo, inclusive, assaz difícil encontrar uma análise científica com um viés crítico acerca do tema. Assim, a pesquisa englobou o método de levantamento de dados para o exame doutrinário do tema e para a coleta de julgados na análise jurisprudencial, o método quantitativo e qualitativo e de análise de conteúdo para o exame dos julgados selecionados. A proteção do cidadão se fragiliza na ausência de teorias jurídicas mais refinadas que levem em conta a complexidade que é o ser humano e o
seu mundo. A Administração Pública, por meio do INSS, não pode mais conviver com atendimentos massificados, desorganizados e ultrapassados aos cidadãos que buscam o reconhecimento de seus direitos por meio do requerimento de benefícios previdenciários ou assistenciais. Fatos comprovam que a incapacidade não pode mais ser enxergada somente quanto ao seu aspecto individual, mas também quanto ao seu aspecto social: em determinados casos, não é o indivíduo que é incapaz, mas a sociedade que se mostra incapaz de acolher aquele indivíduo em seu seio, ensejando-lhe exclusão. Somente uma análise sobre as teorias existentes para explicar a funcionalidade e a incapacidade laboral humana podem auxiliar na concepção de indicadores de saúde mais específicos e na elaboração de laudos periciais mais equilibrados, bem como na elaboração de políticas
públicas mais efetivas. Diante disso, pretendeu-se contribuir com o crescimento da pesquisa acadêmica nesta esfera, apresentando uma análise fundamentada.

À partir d’une approche combinant sociologie des usages d’internet et gérontologie critique, le but de cette thèse est d’abord de montrer que le contexte sociohistorique de ces dernières décennies, qui a vu apparaître des représentations positives de la vieillesse, à travers l’émergence du « troisième âge » puis de la figure du « senior » dynamique, a conduit au renouvellement des normes sociales concernant les adultes âgés. Dans la continuité des prescriptions plus anciennes du « vieillissement réussi », l’incitation est désormais forte, pour lutter contre le « déclin » associé au vieillissement, de mener un mode de vie à la fois actif et connecté. Ce travail cherche ensuite à montrer comment les usages des technologies numériques de l’information et de la communication (TNIC) par les adultes âgés sont informés par ces représentations, et inversement. Pour cela, une enquête s’appuyant sur des matériaux variés a été mise en place, incluant des entretiens avec des personnes de 62 à 82 ans, des observations ethnographiques dans des cours d’initiation à l’informatique proposés par des associations de retraités, et enfin l’analyse d’un corpus de sites web de sociabilité pour « seniors ».
Il s’avère que les usages sociaux des TNIC et leurs représentations accompagnent des processus de définition identitaire complexes pour le groupe social des adultes âgés. Leur forme varie en fonction de l’orientation des institutions (commerciales ou associatives) qui portent les discours du « bien-vieillir connecté » et des publics auxquels elles s’adressent, ainsi que de la trajectoire et de l’appartenance en termes de génération, de genre et de classe des individus. Néanmoins, ces injonctions normatives font l’objet d’appropriation variées ; et par leurs pratiques et leurs aspirations, les adultes âgés peuvent aussi contribuer à les renforcer. En outre, si le mode de vie actif et connecté est plutôt l’apanage des classes moyennes et supérieures, on observe aussi des points communs dans la relation que les adultes âgés dans leur ensemble entretiennent avec les TNIC, s’expliquant par l’expérience partagée de la retraite et de la condition de personne vieillissante dans une société de plus en plus « numérisée ».

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Grounded in an approach that combines sociology of internet use and critical gerontology, the goal of this thesis is to demonstrate that the socio-historic context of the last decades, where more positive representations of aging appeared – starting with the emergence of the “Third Age” and resulting in the contemporary figure of the dynamic “senior” – led to the renewal of social norms concerning older adults. Building on the already existing ideal of “successful aging”, the pressure of resisting the “decline” associated with old age continues to grow, mandating the development of both an active and connected lifestyle. This study then analyses how social uses of digital technologies by older adults are influenced by those cultural representations, and vice versa. To this end, a methodology based on the collection of various empirical elements has been built; it includes semi-structured interviews with individuals from 62 to 82 years old; ethnographic observation in computer classes offered by associations for retired people; and the analysis of several websites specialized in the development of “senior” sociability.
It appears that digital technologies’ uses and representations help shape the complex construction of the identity of older adults, both as individuals and as a social group. These identities can vary depending on the type of institutions (commercial or non-profit) that promote discourses of “connected successful aging”, and on the profile of the public they target, but may also be affected by an individual’s social trajectory, generation, class and gender. Nevertheless, those social norms are interpreted and adapted in various ways; and through their practices and aspirations, older adults themselves can contribute to reinforcing them. Moreover, although the “connected” and active lifestyle is more likely to be applied by older people coming from the middle and upper class, the data collected revealed some common features in the attitudes and perceptions towards digital media of older adults, explained by their shared experience of being both a retired and aging person in an increasingly digitalized environment.

This paper analyzes the impact of macroeconomic and financial variables on retirement. Special attention is given to
petroleum prices since this variable has not been taken into account in previous studies and is essential for those
countries immersed in the trade of this natural resource. Not only unemployment rate but also stock market and
petroleum prices are considered as explanatory variables in our model. The study considers the reactions of retirement
by gender, age and level of education. We conclude that in the long term, there is an increase in the number of new
pensioners when oil prices decrease.

The book's authors address an important social issue. When preparing for retirement, many people require help with the proper planning and management of their savings and investments during the accumulation period as well as with developing an adequate strategy on how to use the accumulated assets during their years of retirement. In light of current market practices, financial advisors and investment fund managers currently specialising in these issues seem rather expensive and thus unaffordable to many, while their activities fail to cover all the related needs and areas. By contrast, using well-operating algorithms, robo-advisors generated through FinTech are able to manage retirement investments efficiently, transparently and at a much lower cost, making these services affordable to a wide range of people. They employ a personalised approach and take into account the interests and risk appetite of each customer, throughout their lifetime, which may lead to a radical transformation of the retirement savings market. While the most affected generation over the age of 50 has a significant proportion of financial instruments available for investment, so far FinTech innovation has been less targeted at older adults, many of whom are unable to develop an adequate retirement saving strategy due to a relatively low level of financial awareness. FinTech companies and solutions thus have huge market potential worldwide.
Employing broad technological foresight, mapping market developments and stakeholders' expectations, and based on a number of empirical analyses conducted in the US, the collection of studies aims to outline the breakthrough impact of FinTech on retirement saving schemes. It assesses in detail the specific characteristics of the target group and takes into account the services that roboadvisors will be able to provide more efficiently in the future. Finally, it puts forth proposals to supervisory bodies for the proper supervision of robo-advisors.

Edward M. Hundert, M.D. is the Dean for Medical Education and the Daniel D. Federman, M.D. Professor in Residence of Global Health and Social Medicine and Medical Education at Harvard Medical School, where he is also Associate Director of the Center of Bioethics at HMS. Hundert is a member of the TIAA Board of Trustees of TIAA-CREF.

Hundert was graduated from Yale University, summa cum laude, in 1978 with a degree in mathematics and the history of science and medicine, receiving Yale’s annual Russell Henry Chittenden Prize “to the graduating senior with highest standing in mathematics and the natural sciences.” He attended Oxford University as a Marshall Scholar, earning a degree in philosophy, politics, and economics in 1980. He received his M.D. in 1984 from Harvard Medical School, where he remained to do his residency training in psychiatry at McLean Hospital.

Dr. Hundert has spent most of his professional career at Harvard Medical School. Following residency training, he was appointed Director of Postgraduate and Continuing Medical Education at McLean Hospital and became involved in the development of the Harvard’s New Pathway Curriculum. He then served as Associate Dean for Student Affairs at Harvard Medical School from 1990 to 1997. He left Harvard for nine years in his 40s, spending 5 years at the University of Rochester, where he served as Dean of the School of Medicine and Dentistry, and 4 years at Case Western Reserve University, where he served as President. He returned to Harvard Medical School to lead a new curriculum in medical ethics and professionalism and to serve as Director of the Center for Teaching and Learning until 2014, when he was appointed Dean for Medical Education to lead the development of Harvard’s Pathways curriculum.

Hundert’s articles on education, ethics, psychiatry, and philosophy have appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the American Journal of Psychiatry, Academic Medicine, Psychiatry, Medical Education, and the Journal of Clinical Ethics. His books include Philosophy, Psychiatry and Neuroscience: Three Approaches to the Mind (Oxford University Press, 1989) and Lessons from an Optical Illusion: On Nature and Nurture, Knowledge and Values (Harvard University Press, 1995)

This report is a literature Review on the factors influencing employment in older age in the United Kingdom. It was written for the European Commission Joint Project Initiative Fast Track Activity, 'Understanding employment participation of older workers'.

The paper explores how mounting elderly are facing lack of leisure and recreations in Iran in general and in Tehran in particular. Though their number is increasing, and their life patterns changing as compared with the past aging people, yet they lack leisure services. Income, neighborhood and social status all influence what an older person chooses to do. Those with low income, and little education, and those with high income, or middle income and more education show different involvement in leisure pursuits. Some theories of aging describe leisure activity of the elderly people as those that they did in their middle age. Though the elderly are largely in need of increasing welfare services and leisure, yet there are not sources enough to meet such needs. Increasing life expectancy everywhere including Iran means that the elderly would need more leisure for now and for the years to come. However, in Iran retirement diminishes family's income which eventually leads to lower budget to spend on leisure pursuits. Similarly, death of a spouse is followed by shortage of leisure for the other. After reviewing the background theories and literature , some 452 questionnaires were completed, and through which various queries were examined. In the process of referral, the researcher could find 272 live aging men against 402 aging women on a random basis. However, though in theory people are expected to have more fun and leisure during their old age, yet it does not happen so in Iran in most cases due to shortage of funds and financial resources. Because of considerable socio-cultural change in recent years, the elderly much feel detached from the family network, i.e. the network which was used for their leisure time according to the erstwhile standards. The unprecedented population aging in Iran especially in Tehran followed by shortage of leisure among them is a new phenomenon. In this process, we need invention rather than imitation. That is, we cannot look to the past for ways to create a good old age today. However, to prevent the elderly from social exclusion, leisure pursuits need to be provided for them. Aims The main objective of the present paper is to reflect an image of the elderly people in Iran as far as their leisure in general is concerned. With aging, there is a definite shift in time allocation from paid work to leisure activities. We will see how satisfactory and adequate this shift is. Many countries in the developing world including Iran have failed to plan for the changing shape of the population into old age. The present work will try to reflect an overall picture of the aging people who are mostly grandparents too. The paper will find out how retirement brings a change to family life which needs new alternatives. In this study, indicators such as income, welfare, insurance, safety etc. among the elderly will be investigated too. Generally speaking, the extent and quality of help, and social work services needed by the elderly are different. Social work agencies, like most others, have failed to plan for the changing shape of the population, so agencies and services are being adapted in the midst of overwhelming demands on what little help is available [6]. As aging and longevity are gradually increasing in Iran, the present study aims to find out the health and socio-economic conditions of the elderly people. Though there are very few sources and scientific documents on the elderly in Iran, the author is trying to create views and literature on the topic by collecting data and using relevant materials through referring to foreign resources. While the concept of "Third Age" was not very popular in the past, it has found its deep meaning during the twentieth century, in which industry and medicine created miracles-leading to aging and increase in the number of the elderly. While in the past, the elderly were very influential over the youth, social structure of the family was such that, almost every decision-making of the younger generations was directed by the authority of the elderly [7], yet, in the course of time, and due to rise in educational status of children and youth, the authority of the elderly over children and grandchildren declined. This means, a decline of care services by the youth and the grandchildren towards the elderly and the grandparents. The present work tries to reflect a perspective of the elderly with special reference to their own lives, i.e. their safety and quality of life. Increasing life expectancy everywhere including Iran means that couples are likely to remain married for longer time; letting them likely appear as grandparents.

De l’enfance à la vieillesse, comment se structurent aujourd’hui les différents temps de la vie ? Que signifie être « jeune » ou être « vieux » dans nos sociétés contemporaines ? Cet ouvrage mobilise les apports et les outils de ce champ sociologique pour mieux penser la façon dont se déroulent les âges et se métamorphosent nos vies . Il confronte les principales approches des existences – prisme des « âges », prisme des « parcours », prisme des « générations » – et montre comment elles sont mises à l’épreuve par des frontières de plus en plus floues et complexes entre l’éducation, l’activité et la retraite. De la naissance à la mort, il décrypte la façon dont nos sociétés organisent aujourd’hui l’expérience des âges et régulent les rapports entre générations face à la crise.

This paper was motivated by the growing concerns that many people lack adequate levels of financial literacy to structure a retirement savings plan properly, some do not even think about retirement while others do so when they are just about to retire from active work life. Meanwhile, the changing economic situation and cultural values have necessitated workers and retirees to increasingly take on an unprecedented degree of responsibility for their retirement especially due to rising costs and the fact that government pension schemes face insolvency in different countries due to management issues. It is becoming ever more important for households to acquire and manage economic know-how rather than leave it to the public authorities. Consequently, this paper examines issues relating to retirement
planning in Nigeria and suggests practical steps that could help workers in the different stages of life to make good plans ahead of their retirement. To achieve its aim, the paper discusses definitions of retirement planning, Islamic thought on old age and retirement planning, work-life stages, retirement planning in Nigeria, factors to be considered in retirement planning, sample questions to test financial literacy, typical investment areas for workers and retirees and recommendations for better retirement planning.

This research examined the impact of three organizational policies on applicant attraction of 120 older workers with an interest in bridge employment (i.e., work after formal retirement). Using a mock newspaper ad to manipulate policies, scheduling flexibility, and a targeted equal employment opportunity (EEO) statement positively influenced older workers' attraction to the organization, while opportunities to transfer knowledge had little impact. A significant and positive three-way interaction suggested that older workers are sensitive to the strength of the overall message such that the effects of all three policies when seen together were greater than the sum of their individual effects. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

As I have an interest on private sector, I was forwarded to Dushtha Shasthya Kendra (DSK) , a renowned NGO in Bangladesh. I started the internship there from June, 2019 under the faculty-supervision of Professor Dr. A. K. M. Moniruzzaman, Department of Management Studies, Jagannath University.
As per my Supervisor’s direction the topic of the report has been chosen as “Compensation and Benefit Systems of Dushtha Shasthya Kendra (DSK).”

I did my internship in Dushtha Shasthya Kendra, which work for increasing livelihood of low income community people. Though I am an employee of Dushtha Shasthya Kendra, but this internship gave me the opportunity to know the organization from different aspects. Currently I involved with “LIC Project under the framework of Saidabad Phase-III” which is funded by European Union, AFD and DWASA. Apart from regular activities I had some specific job duties and responsibilities due to my Internship. I performed those job duties and responsibilities perfectly and enrich my professional knowledge regarding compensation and benefit systems in NGOs.

ÖZET
Venedik Cumhuriyeti’nin İstanbul’daki tercüman çırakları en az on sene süren uzun bir eğitim sürecinden sonra dragoman olmuşlardır. Nitelikli bir dragoman olmak için ise bundan daha fazlası, belki 30-40 sene gerekmiştir. Yetenekli bir dragomanın mottosu “tecrübe”dir. Dragomanın tecrübesi İtalyanca, Latince, Türkçe, Arapça, Farsça ve Rumca gibi diller ve Slavca diyalektler hakkında bilgi sahibi olmaktan Osmanlı toplumu, gelenekleri, hukuku ve protokol kurallarıyla ilgili bilgiyi özümsemeye kadar uzanan çok geniş bir alanı kapsamıştır. Bu geniş sahada yaşlı ve tecrübeli dragomanların rolü dil oğlanlarına yol göstermek ve onların Venedik geleneklerini, Hıristiyan inancını ve Venedik Cumhuriyeti’ne olan sadakatlerini yitirip Osmanlı toplumunda kaybolmasını önlemektir. Bu görev tecrübeli dragomanların görev sürelerini uzatmış ve onların emekliliklerinin ertelenmesine sebep olmuştur. Gelenekleri, Hıristiyan kimlikleri ve sadakatlerini yitiren dil oğlanları ve dragomanlar ise Venedik Cumhuriyeti Otoriteleri tarafından azledilmişlerdir. Dragomanların emekliliğinin ertelenmesinin başka bir sebebi de diğer bir sebep Türkçe başta olmak üzere Doğu dillerinde, Venedik Cumhuriyeti ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun karşılıklı politikaları, müzakere konuları, mevcut antlaşmalar ve meseleler gibi sahalarda istenilen düzeyde uzmanlaşmış dragomanların yeterli sayıda olmamasıydı. Osmanlı hukuk sistemini iyi bilen ve Osmanlı erkânıyla uzun vadede iyi ve sağlam ilişkiler kurmaya muvaffak olan dragomanların sayısı da azdı. Hastalıklar ve sağlık sorunları bile, ölümcül olmadıkları sürece, bu ertelemenin önüne geçemezdi.
ABSTRACT
The dragoman apprentices of the Republic of Venice in Istanbul went through a long process of education that took at least a decade and then they became dragomans. Being a good-qualified dragoman required much more than that, maybe 30 or 40 years. The motto of a talented dragoman was “experience”. The experience of a dragoman included a very huge areas ranging from having the knowledge of the languages such as Italian, Latin, Turkish, Arabic, Persian, Greek and the Slavic dialects to absorbing the knowledges of the Ottoman society, traditions, laws and protocol rules. In this large area, the role of the elder and experienced dragomans was to guide the language boys and to prevent their lost in the Ottoman society and their loss of the Venetian traditions, the faith of Christianity and their fidelity to the Republic of Venice. This role prolonged the tenures of the experienced dragomans and caused the delay of their retirement while the dragomans and the language boys who lost their traditions, Christian identity and fedelity were dismissed by the authorities of the Republic of Venice. Another reason for the delay of retirement of dragomans was the absence of sufficient number of dragomans who mastered in the Oriental languages, notably Turkish, and in the fields of the mutual politics of the Venetian Republic and the Ottoman Empire, the negotiation subjects, the existing treaties and matters at the desired level. The number of the dragomans who knew the Ottoman judicial system well and who succeeded to establish good and solid relations with the Ottoman high officials in the long term was also low. Even the ailments and the health problems, as long as they were not fatal, could not head off this delay.