Stocks

A machine learning library helps a computer to predict future results and trends with the use of available data. It uses
past data at different times to predict the future prices of the stock. As the amount of money traded every day is billions in the
stock market world, it has always been a goal or challenge for investors to predict the stock more accurately. Research will
provide stock prediction for future results, whether the stock is closed or short. It will give an indication, based on previous data
or historical data that it is to be provided. To demonstrate the methodology, sixteen stock indicators have been applied to the
stock data of the last nineteen years of the Nifty-50 with the help of machine learning libraries such as Numpy, Pandas,
Matelpotlib, Skleren, etc. We use the diff indicators to analysis the data.

Inflation means a persistent change in the price level of goods and services in an economy. It is generally measured in the consumer price index (CPI) or retail price index (RPI). Inflation reduces the purchasing power of a country's currency, as we need more units of currency over time to buy the same goods and services. The current empirical paper entitled “relationship between inflation and stock market evidence from selected global stock markets” have been undertaken with an intention to investigate the relationship between inflation and stock returns of the chosen economies. In order to realize the stated objectives, the researchers have collected the monthly data 2000 to 2017 for selected indices. In the first phase, log returns were computed and it has been tested for the existence of unit root in the distribution. In the second phase, we ran Pearson correlation coefficient for the collected data to find out the association between the inflation and stock returns. Majorit...

The aim of the article is to model a new formula that can calculate price corridor using the linear regression and standard deviation instead of the moving average. The research will check the possible application of the linear regression into the place of the standard moving average. The application of the linear regression instead of moving average and Bollinger Bands could give a better and closer estimated data about price trend, due to the mathematical nature of the linear regression that uses squares from variables instead of the normal arithmetical mean. The application of the linear regression could create a good analytical background for investors to omit jigsaws, bear and bull traps. Research question: How does the linear regression could improve predicting the price movement in the foreign exchange market?

PurposeThis paper seeks to investigate the relationship between capital structure and profitability of listed firms on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE) during a five‐year period.Design/methodology/approachRegression analysis is used in the estimation of functions relating the return on equity (ROE) with measures of capital structure.FindingsThe results reveal a significantly positive relation between the ratio of short‐term debt to total assets and ROE. However, a negative relationship between the ratio of long‐term debt to total assets and ROE was found. With regard to the relationship between total debt and return rates, the results show a significantly positive association between the ratio of total debt to total assets and return on equity.Originality/valueThe research suggests that profitable firms depend more on debt as their main financing option. In the Ghanaian case, a high proportion (85 percent) of the debt is represented in short‐term debt.

CEOs and CFOs put themselves in a bind by providing earnings guidance and then making decisions designed to meet Wall Street's expectations for quarterly earnings. When earnings appear to be coming in short of projections, top managers often react by suggesting or demanding that middle and lower level managers redo their forecasts, plans, and budgets. In some cases, top executives simply acquiesce to increasingly unrealistic analyst forecasts and adopt them as the basis for setting organizational goals and developing internal budgets. But in cases where external expectations are impossible to meet, either approach sets up the firm and its managers for failure.Using the experiences of several companies, the authors illustrate the dangers of conforming to market pressures for unrealistic growth targets. They argue that an overvalued stock, by encouraging overpriced acquisitions and other risky, value-destroying bets, can be as damaging to the long-run health of a company as an undervalued stock.Putting an end to the “earnings game” requires that CEOs reclaim the initiative by avoiding earnings guidance and managing expectations in such a way that their stocks trade reasonably close to their intrinsic value. In place of earnings forecasts, management should provide information about the company's strategic goals and main value drivers. They should also talk about the risks associated with the strategies, and management's plans to deal with them.

This paper briefly explains about the legitimacy of short selling in stocks market particularly in Malaysia. It comprises of Shariah Advisory Council of Securities Commission's ruling regarding Regulated Short Selling and the concept of Securities Borrowing and Lending.

This study tests the dynamics of the impact of foreign exchange fluctuation on the Philippine stock market by assessing the pricing of foreign exchange rate risk during the period 2005 to 2019, specifically before and after the global financial crisis. Using a two-factor arbitrage pricing theory model, the evidence presented in the paper suggests that stock returns did not react significantly to foreign exchange rate fluctuations before and after the global financial crisis. After the onset of the crisis, however, Philippine firms started to exhibit cross-sectional differences in their reaction to foreign exchange rate movements. Furthermore, during the post-crisis period, investors began to expect a risk premium on their investments for their perceived added exposure to exchange rate risk.

The article is devoted to discussing the problem with using the gross domestic product (GDP) indicator to assess the level of the country's economic development. The paper reveals the main disadvantages of the methodology for calculating this indicator: inaccurate accounting of changes in the level of increment (depletion) of the national wealth; ignoring the problem of inequitable distribution of value added among countries; exaggeration of GDP due to the imposed consumption; including of the accrued and forming indicators in the GDP; the neglect of labor within the households and the mutual exchange of goods and services; and the neglect of changes in the structure and quality of products when using base price technology. The problems related to calculating GDP by the purchasing power parity and per capita are considered. The possibilities of using GDP as a key macroeconomic indicator are discussed. It is substantiated that high rates of GDP growth do not always point to high efficiency of the country's economic activity. That is why the focus of public authorities mainly on the GDP indicator can damage the economy of the country. The article concludes that it is necessary to expand the range of indicators used to assess the level of development of the national economy, as well as to improve the methodology for calculating the GDP.

To really be successful at Forex trading, you need to have it at the back of your mind that Forex will definitely pay you well if you'll only work hard with patience and consistency. The market may already be saturated with traders, but there is always room at the top if you're willing to pay the price. Find out the unique key that other successful Forex traders have been using! Forex is the largest market on earth, with a trade volume of over $4.5 trillion. That is a huge amount of money, but it's more or less expected when you consider that most currencies, if not all, are traded in the Forex market. People from different locations around the globe take part in it, and it has been in existence since the days of trade-by-batter, when it wasn't known as Forex. However, so much has changed since the inception of Forex. In the past, Forex trading was as simple as using gold and silver as a method of international payment (which were usually affected by global supply and demand). These days, prospective traders with the view of a successful Forex career will have to be more specific and familiar with the modern strategies of the Forex market. Here are questions you must ask yourself if you want to be a successful Forex trader. 1. HAVE YOU MADE UP YOUR MIND? Before you even register with a Forex broker to trade Forex, you need to make up your mind to do what it takes to be a successful trader; otherwise you'll just waste your time and eventually quit. You may think that your drive at the moment will see you through Forex ups and downs, but successful and experienced Forex traders beg to differ-human psychology is a major Forex demon. It is an established fact that human psychology, if not controlled, can ruin a trader. If you're not able to control your psychology, that means you allow your emotions to come into play all the time, controlling how you approach a trade. If trades are going well, emotions are high; you're happy, and willing to continue trading. If trades are not going well, you feel bad, and unwilling to continue. On the other hand, if you learn to control your emotions and not allow them to come in the way of trade, then you can leverage your psychology in trading. You know that there are bad times, but you also know that they will pass with time.

Historically, investing in stocks of football clubs
has been equal to high risk, low return, and losing
money. In this article, we will present the recent
financial development in European football, the clubs’
introduction to the stock exchange and their history as
investment objects. By performing a systematic review
of the literature, we will explain the typical behavior
of football clubs and their shareholders, and which
factors that might affect the pricing in European football
stocks. In other words this paper provides a state of the
art on the economic development in European football,
shows its significance on financial and sporting
performance, evaluates the behavior of clubs and their
shareholders, and studies what affects the stock price
of listed football clubs. The paper also reviews different
ownership structures in nowadays football, the impact
of UEFA’s Financial Fair Play, and the history of
investing in football clubs. Ultimately, it highlights the
increased attractiveness of investing in football stocks
given the recent years’ growth in corresponding stock
price.

The article is devoted to discussing the problem with using the gross domestic product (GDP) indicator to assess the level of the country's economic development. The paper reveals the main disadvantages of the methodology for calculating this indicator: inaccurate accounting of changes in the level of increment (depletion) of the national wealth; ignoring the problem of inequitable distribution of value added among countries; exaggeration of GDP due to the imposed consumption; including of the accrued and forming indicators in the GDP; the neglect of labor within the households and the mutual exchange of goods and services; and the neglect of changes in the structure and quality of products when using base price technology. The problems related to calculating GDP by the purchasing power parity and per capita are considered. The possibilities of using GDP as a key macroeconomic indicator are discussed. It is substantiated that high rates of GDP growth do not always point to high efficiency of the country's economic activity. That is why the focus of public authorities mainly on the GDP indicator can damage the economy of the country. The article concludes that it is necessary to expand the range of indicators used to assess the level of development of the national economy, as well as to improve the methodology for calculating the GDP.

Capital market is a place to trade and invest in financial instruments. Stock prices are affected by the demand and supply of the stocks. Usually, valuation of stocks are done through financial reports, business news, and financial performance of public companies. But recently, there is a way to manipulate stock prices, it’s called “pump and dump” method. Pump and dump on stocks has a certain characteristic. There are ways to prevent loss from trading or investing in pump and dump stocks. Regulation about stock prices manipulation are regulated by each country.
Keywords : Capital market, stock prices, pump and dump, regulations, prevent, cutloss.

У монографії розглянуто теоретичні основи організації і методики обліку виробничих запасів, визначено їх сутність, класифікацію, охарактеризовано обліково-аналітичне забезпечення управління виробничими запасами, проаналізовано ефективність їх використання на хлібопекарських підприємствах. Досліджено особливості обліку виробничих запасів згідно з П(С)БО, МСБО та нормативами ЄС. Містяться рекомендації з удосконалення обліку виробничих запасів на хлібопекарських підприємствах, їх нормування, методики проведення аналізу ефективності використання виробничих запасів. Розроблено і обґрунтовано пропозиції покращення нормування виробничих запасів хлібопекарськими підприємствами, що дозволяє більш ефективно використовувати обігові кошти. Встановлено доцільність застосування системи аналізу „АВС” в управлінні виробничими запасами на хлібозаводах.
Монографія призначена для наукових працівників, викладачів, аспірантів, студентів вищих навчальних закладів, які досліджують питання обліку та аналізу використання виробничих запасів  підприємств хлібопекарської промисловості.

This book is for me who wants to become rich through investing in financial instruments and alternative assets.

The first part of the book discusses investing and the need to invest, stating that the only way to become rich or maintain the riches that I have already acquired is through investing, that is, making the assets I already have to acquire more assets for me. This part also covers the basic and fundamental principles of investing.

The second part of the book takes me through the various investment products; the markets where I can buy and ell such products and the market players, including regulators, associations and brokers.

Finally, the book also introduces the East African financial market, the available financial instruments and how to invest in them, listing the various financial institutions and their regulators, the exchanges, the member firms and the listed companies. The book then concludes by introducing a prospective investor to fundamental principles of economics and economic institutions.

Gold had been used for a long time ago. It has been used as a medium of exchange, a store of value, as jewellery and also in sculpture. Meanwhile from the investment point of view, the potential of this precious metal as a hedging ability towards inflation had been recognized by other countries. Instead of being used as a hedge against inflation, gold become favourable asset during a crisis or economic turmoil. The favourable demand of gold during economic crises as compared with other investment instruments base on the perception and some evidence that gold is a safe haven. Due to the awareness of limited study on gold in this country, this paper tries to investigate the use of gold in Malaysia, whether it can be used as a hedge or a safe haven. Monthly gold price and stock price from April 2001 to April 2011 will be used for this study. In addition, we will use correlation and co-integration test for determine the usage of gold in Malaysia. It is hope that this study can give benefits in a way of practically to Malaysians investors and theoretical significant to other researchers.

The key of success in stock trading is to buy and sell stocks at the right time for the right price. “Buy Low, Sell High” sounds easy, but it is so difficult to carry out since the direction of stock market in the near future is almost unpredictable. With the advances in data mining, it has now become possible to predict the future market direction based on historical data. In this study, different approaches are used to predict the future market direction of the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). Time series forecasting is conducted and a suitable span of time for the stock market data is examined. A novel approach to predict future market direction has been introduced based on chart patterns recognition by using data mining classification. Models are built through different methods including neural network, decision tree, naïve Bayes and k-nearest neighbors. Results were obtained, compared and discussed in details. Important chart patterns to support decision making in stock trading had been found out. In order to visualize the result, a visualization technique is also introduced.

Efficiency of markets has been much debated and theory evolved from the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) in its three forms to the adaptive market hypothesis (AMH). We study the US technology sector, finding that stocks traded inefficiently during the financial crisis and rejecting the conventional all-or-nothing EMH in favour of the AMH. We also analyse Bitcoin, rejecting a move-to-efficiency as suggested by EMH literature and showing support for the AMH. Finally, we apply an original Double Runs Test to high-frequency Bitcoin prices to develop the notion of sticky efficiency and show that it exists in the Bitcoin market.

This paper examines the stock market reaction to 167 FDA announcements of new drug approvals during the period 1980 - 1999. Using an event study methodology, the study finds that there are significant positive abnormal returns on the day of the announcement of new drug approvals. However, there is no evidence of significant positive returns prior to the announcement. Accordingly, the paper concludes that any buying pressure arising from insiders anticipating the approval announcement does not affect the value of the stock. Significant returns do not occur until after the announcement, which is consistent with the behavior of an efficient market.

A stock market, equity market or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers (a loose network of economic transactions, not a physical facility or discrete entity) of stocks (also called shares); these may include securities listed on a stock exchange as well as those only traded privately.

Tyler Tysdal is an expert when it comes to matters of investment and he has spent his entire career working in a number of roles within this industry. From fund manager to investor, Tyler knows his way around his world very well and that is why we are very lucky that he has made the time to speak with us to answer the investment queries which you have been sending us. Today we are going to focus on venture capital and private equity, two very similar investment vehicles but two strategies which also differ greatly from one another, and here is how.

Key Differences
Whilst both of these investment strategies involve a pooled fund which invests in a business, the details around each of them do differ a lot. The key difference between the two methods is that venture capital will look to invest in a young business such as a start up, and private equity is about investing in a business which is well established.

Investment Stage
As you can imagine the stage of investment between these two strategies is the key difference and in the case of venture capital this investment will be made very early on in the life of a business. The idea behind venture capital is that an investment group will look to significantly invest in this company and use their experience of business to impact opportunities for the young company. In the case of private equity this investment will usually come when a business is seeking additional funds or if it is struggling. In such a situation a private equity group will invest heavily and seek to place a member on the board, selling back the investment once the company is on a better footing.

Industries
Another key difference between these two investment vehicles is the type of industry which they will look to invest in. For venture capital funds they will seek out young businesses which are operating in rapidly growing industries such as tech, pharma or energy. For private equity funds they will invest in any industry as long as the investment makes sense financially.

Level of Ownership
When venture capital funds put their money into young businesses they will aim to try and get a large stake in return, often up to 49% which allows the owners to stay on as majority shareholders. In the case of private equity they will look for a far more sizable stake as well as expect a board position. This will usually have clauses within the contract which indicate a temporary arrangement.

The risk levels of these two strategies also differs greatly, in the case of venture capital there is of course a much higher risk to the investment given that the young business has not yet managed to prove itself.

As you can see there are clear similarities between these two investment vehicles, but the details separate them and this is where the differences lie.

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