Physical Education Sport

IntroductionThe benefits of physical activity have been well documented. Regular physical activity has a variety of important consequences (Zullig et al., 2005). Results of the studies continue to support a growing literature suggesting that exercise, physical activity and physical-activity interventions have beneficial effects across several physical and mental-health outcomes (Penedo, & Dahn, 2005). They include reducing risk factors for cardiovascular diseases for people of all ages and decreasing psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, and stress (Lollgen et al., 2009). Minhyun et al. (2015) suggest that doing regular physical activity is vital as it promotes physical and psychological well-being.In addition to physical and psychological benefits, physical activity has a positive impact on developing social relationships (McAuley et al., 2006), as well as enhancing perceptions of self-mastery and self-efficacy (Stewart et al., 2007). Participants in physical activit...

This study is part of an ongoing, funded project, which seeks to develop workable criteria for the identification of talented pupils in physical education. Using interviews with teachers and qualitative data analysis, it focuses on the experiences of practitioners in the secondary phase of schooling in one English city. The study found a considerable degree of commonality in teachers' experiences,

IntroductionSwimming is an individual sport that arouses interest in studies due to its high profile and its development potential, however for the promotion of athletes possible factors related to motivation and attitudes must be taken into consideration bearing in mind the performance.According to Vernon (1973), motivation is a kind of inner strength that emerges, regulates and sustains all of our most important actions of human beings; however, motivation is an internal and self-experience.Therefore, we intend to cover in this study the achieving motive or reward individuals who practice sport have or submitting in their sports practice, it is in training or in competition. Fonseca and Balague (2001) report that the social cognitive approach, in turn, intends to evaluate the achievement of objectives (reflecting the criteria by which athletes assess their competence and define the success or failure of their participation in a particular mode) assuming the existence of two motiva...

Background: The argument in this paper is founded on two related premises. First, we claim that the moral imperative of sport is derived not from specific rules or laws associated with it but from its intrinsic nature. As engaging in sporting practices inevitably require us to be pre-occupied with central principles such as fairness (and therefore justice), our encounters with notions of ‘fair play’ and of a ‘level playing field’ provide practical examples of where sport and the moral inherently coexist. Though such encounters are contextualised through particular sporting environments, they nonetheless require sportspersons to acquaint themselves, contemplate and act upon moral principles, and elsewhere challenge and confront those whom they suspect do not. Sport, therefore, provides the context and wherewithal to ‘explore the contours of morally relevant possibilities’ and is why it can be considered a ‘moral laboratory’. The second premise we establish is that the coach plays a central role in influencing the moral terrain within contemporary sports practices. The coaching session, the training field, the changing room, the game, are all environments where children (and older athletes), alongside the presence of the coach, develop and test the moral dimensions of their evolving characters. Purpose: Our argument is that the coach, having a central role in this process, ought to positively influence what is happening, endeavouring to ensure that the moral encounters possible within the coaching context go well rather than badly. Like it or not then, we argue that coaching is to be recognised and conducted as a moral enterprise. Interventions: Drawing on the philosophical principles of virtue ethics we attempt to illuminate and make more explicit what has often been muddy and implicit with regard to the positive moral influence and role of the coach. We do this by identifying three distinct normative questions and suggest some practical implications for coaching practice based on critical reflection. First, we assess what kinds of person a coach should be. Second, we consider how a coach should behave and act. Third, we deliberate on what should be the purpose of coaching. Throughout the article we provide examples to illustrate our arguments. We suggest ways in which change to individual coaching practice and the wider institutional structures in which coaches operate can overcome actual socio-cultural and political barriers that currently prevent a more fruitful sporting environment for all.

The aim of this study was to examine whether exercise training with Greek traditional dances improves rhythm and orientation abilities and dancing skills in individuals with hearing loss and increase intrinsic motivation for participation. Eight individuals (5 female and 3 male) with hearing loss > 70dB, aged 22.4±1.9 years volunteered to participate in an 8-month study. The exercise training program consisted of two sessions of Greek traditional dancing weekly. Each session lasted 60 minutes. At the entry and the end of the study, all participants’ underwent simple exercise tests to estimate the rhythm and orientation abilities and dancing skills with the implementation of special activities designed to evaluate these abilities. The Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) was also used to assess participants’ subjective experience. Rhythm was evaluated in three pattern rhythms with increasing difficulty; while the assessment of the performance in dancing skills was done in 5 levels...

Impaired postural stability increases the risk of falls. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the lasting effects of a training intervention using a Nintendo Wii system on impaired postural stability in an elderly population. Thirty-two elderly subjects (24 females and 4 males) from two independent living communities were divided into Wii Fit (n = 15, 9 therapy sessions using Wii Fit balance board) and control (n = 13) groups. All participants performed three different stances on force plates, which are considered the gold standard for measuring balance performance. Each stance was measured three times in the following sequence: a natural bipedal stance with eyes open, a bipedal stance with a narrow base, and a natural bipedal stance with eyes closed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD Fisher's post hoc tests were used with the level of significance set at 5%. Effect size was determined using ŋ². The results showed a significant difference in the centre of p...

IntroductionOverweight and obesity conditions have increased globally among children, adolescents and adults. Childhood obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbility in adult life. Evidence suggests that non-physically active children or adolescents are more likely to become non-physically active adults, and encouraging the development of physical activity (PA) habits in children could help to establish patterns that remain into adulthood (Watts, Jones, Davis, & Green, 2005).PA results in increased capacity and physical fitness (PF), which may lead to many health benefits. Numerous studies have suggested that PF and/or habitual PA have, or potentially have, positive impacts on health and longevity (Aires, Silva, Silva, Santos, Ribeiro & Mota, 2010; Marta, Marinho & Marques, 2012; Ortega, Ruiz, Castillo & Sjostrom, 2008; Ruiz, Castro-Pinero, Artero, Ortega, Sjostrom & Castillo, 2009). In fact, two important behaviours linked with lifestyles are strongly ...

The improving of life quality of elderly people is actually nowadays і requires new approaches to problem solving. The research aim was to characterize the life quality of elderly people and determine its' relation with physical activity. It has been established low life quality indexes for Ukrainian elderly citizens. The determined value of General Physical Component was 45.0 points, General Mental Component-40.2 points. It has been identified that intense exercise was not an obligatory condition for optimal life quality of elderly people. Significant correlation (p<0.05) between life quality scales and the high-intensity physical work was detected. It was found active part in moderate intensity daily activities associated with higher respondents' life quality. Introduction The total number of elderly people is over 680 million. The relative number of elderly people in Poland is 13.6%, Belarus-13.9%, Romania-14.9%, Norway and Ukraine-15.3%, Netherlands-almost 16%, France...

The article deals with the methodical approach to the construction of the training process of qualified football players in the competitive period of the macrocycle on the basis of programming. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the effectiveness of training qualifiedfootball players in the competitive period of the macrocycle based on the programming of the training process. Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources, pedagogical observation, chronometration, testing, methods of mathematical statistics. Qualified football players aged 18-26 have participated in the study. Sports qualification-1st degree, sub-master sportsman. Results and conclusions. According to the calendar of the competitions the competitive period of the first macrocycle within the three-cycle annual training process lasted 75 days. During this period 14 microcycles were conducted, two of them were competitive and three recovery-maintenance ones. It was established that non...

This position statement follows to the thematic round table organized by S.I.E.M.eS. (Italian Society of Movement and Sport Education) as final event of the international congress on "Outdoor movement education" held in Bozen, Italy, december 3-5, 2020.Today’s lifestyle with interesting electronic devices attracts young children to spend time inside instead going out to play in a physically active manner. At the same time, recent research evidencehasshownthat outdoor active play (outdoor play) offers multiple advantages to children’s development and health. In December 2020, the University of Bozen organized an international congress on the relevance ofoutdoor movement education and outdoorplay. The Congress ended with a round table discussionof the different approaches to outdoor movement education practiced in Europe, and theneed for a common position statement was agreed on that would involve other scientists who participated in the Congress. The position statement is b...

There is a strong theological background supporting sports participation in Islam. Despite this background, there is still a gap between the theoretical teachings and actual participation in sports among Muslim students in the universities and the general Muslim community. The religious rationale for encouraging Muslims to participate in sports is based on the broad range of benefits accrued from such participation. The purpose of this study was to find out the level of participation and the influence of Islam on gender participation in sports among Muslim students in Kenyan public universities. The study was a survey. Factors under investigation were: gender as independent variables while level of participation and faith specific factors were the dependent variables. The target population was Muslim students from the public universities. A twelve item questionnaire was constructed on a five - point likert scale and then used to collect data. Stratified random sampling was used to g...

Problem Statement:The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in the life routines of preschool children, both during lockdown and post-lockdown periods Approach:An online survey completed by parents, in-loco assessment scales filled in by a researcherand semi-structured interviews with preschool teacherswere used to investigate the effects of the adjustments, which occurred in preschool children’s lives, in the lockdown and post lockdown periods Purpose:To characterize the levels of physical activity that Portuguese children had during the lockdown period and to understand what changed in their school routines in the post-lockdown period, regarding the organization of school spaces and routines Results:Parents reported that children aged 3 to 5spent most of their time during lockdownundertaking sedentary activities (72% of their daily activities) In the post-lockdown period,results indicate that in June there was an increase in the number of preschools with a poor quality of e...

The aim of this research was to investigate the relation between the psychological well-being and psychological needs of people who participated in recreational dance activities. The sample of the research consisted of 290 adults, aged from 40 to 70 (Μ = 55.6; SD = ± 9.68), who had been taught Greek dances in cultural societies, for an average of 4.5 years (SD = ± 1.2). In order to conduct the study the following instruments were used: a) the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES - Vlachopoulos & Michailidou, 2006), consisted of 12 items grouped into three subscales: Autonomy, Competence and Relatedness, and b) the Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale (SEES - McAuley & Courneya, 1994), adjusted to the Greek population (Mavrovouniotis, Argiriadou & Papaioannou, 2010), with 12 items concerning the subscales Positive Well-being, Psychological Stress and Fatigue. The reliability analysis showed that indicators of internal cohesion of subscales in both instruments were at s...

IntroductionAutism is defined as a developmental disability that impairs a person's ability to communicate, form relationships, socially interact, and respond appropriately within a given enviromnent (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). The deviating stereotypical and self-stimulating behaviors and the fixations are evident trait of children with autism (Heflin & Aliamo, 2007). In the last twenty years, the prevalence of autism lias grown significantly, 1 in 88 children up to 8 years displays some kind of form of autism. In comparison, the prevalence is higher in boys (1:54) than girls (1:252) (Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). A diagnosis of autism can take place between the second and the third year of life of a child (Kleimnan et al., 2008).Persons with autism usually display low levels of physical fitness (Auxter, Pyfer, & Huettig, 1997), deficits in sensorimotor development (Piek & Dyck, 2004), in gross (Emck, Bosselier, Beek, & Doreleijers, 2009) and fin...

IntroductionProfessional athletes must continually seek physical, technical, tactical and psychological excellence. They Vision plays a major role in both the maintenance of balance and its recovery. Visual impairment can affect the equilibrium of proprioceptive systems, resulting in problems with balance, posture, coordination, tension of the neck and shoulder muscles, and loss of spinal rotation and reciprocal arm swing (38). Individuals with vision loss have decreased postural stability. Therefore they are unable to compensate for restricted visual input to maintain postural stability (36), which in turn affects their ability to balance and increases the likelihood of falling (34). Postural control and balance involve controlling the position of the body in space for stability and orientation (41). Visually impaired persons need these basic motor skills in straight-line walking and for detecting veering (47). Poor balance results in problems with straight walking and control of t...

Coaches’ verbal aggressiveness is an influential behavioral trait that influences athletes’ perception and feelings. Similarly, coaches’ leadership behavior affects athletes’ perceptions, feelings and performance. Examining behavioral patterns independent from each other is a descriptive approach. Extracting profiles as combinations of such patterns is expected to be more explanatory and insightful. The aim of the present study was: a) to explore the perceived leadership style and verbal aggressiveness profile of coaches and b) to examine differences in athletes’ satisfaction and achievement goal orientation based on the perceived coaches’ leadership style and verbal aggressiveness profile. The findings of a two-stage cluster analysis supported two profiles of coaches. The first profile depicts coaches exhibiting a low autocratic, high democratic and low verbal aggressive behavior. The second profile includes coaches presenting a high autocratic, low democratic and high verbal aggre...

IntroductionThe study of the relationships between body segments constitutes a permanent research topic for the specialists in the field (McEvoy & Grimmer, 2005). Generally, all researchers highlight the importance of the trunk to create a solid ground for the limb movement (Kane & Barden, 2012). The importance of the spine?s stability and of the trunk?s functions in the static and the dynamic of the human body are explained by McGill, Grenier, Kavcic, and Cholewicki (2003). The increase of trunk strength with age is highlighted by Manini, Sagendorf, Mayer, and Ploutz-Snyder (2005).It is known the fact that the normal activity of a muscle is a combination of contraction and relaxation (Bottas, Nicol, Komi, & Linnamo, 2009). In 2001, Parkin, Nowicky, Rutherford, and McGregor showed asymmetry of muscle activity in the frontal plane of erector muscles. A study in 2011 (Ba?tiurea, Stan, Mihail?, & Cretu) outlines the mobility and muscle strength of the trunk in achieving the efficient t...

Background and Study Aim: Temperament is a set of relatively consistent and stable traits that are related to emotions and formal characteristics of behavior. Temperamental traits are essential in both physical and athletic activities and help predict athletic performance and involvement in physical activity. Although research into temperament of athletes has been previously conducted, little is known about the temperament of physical education students. However, knowledge about temperamental traits can increase efficacy of physical education teaching and sports coaching. This study examines differences in temperamental traits between physical education (PE) and mechanical engineering (ME) students according the regulatory theory of temperament. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted at a large university in the south of Poland. The participants were 208 university students who were 19–40 years old (M = 21.27, SD = 2.61), including 83% of males (n = 173)...

IntroductionSoccer is one of the most popular sports of all time. For instance; In Brazil whose population is over 180 million, there are more than 30 million recreational soccer players thus making this sport a national phenomenon (Bloomfield, PolmanO it's a phenomenon that can even express our sadness and / or happiness (KuruV each player should be trained not only for conditional attributes like endurance, strength, speed or agility but also should be trained technically and tactically. In accordance with that, each player should have different physical, physiological and psychological attributes depending on his/her playing position (Akin, Kireker & Koklu, 2009).It has been showed in various studies that soccer players have different physical, physiological or anthropometrical attributes depending on their playing positions (Bloomfield, Polman & O'Donoghue, 2007; Hazir, 2010; Koklu, Ozkan, AlemdarogluE Batigun H Arkar, Sari&Fidaner,2004).Anger is a kind of excitement whi...

The present study analyses the presence of multiple employment in the collective of university graduates in Physical Activity and Sports Science, as well as the existence of a market segmentation within the different niches of sports employment and their relation to multiple employment. It is a transversal study in which a non-probability convenience sampling method was applied, with a total sample of 1,130 people. The results show the existence of market segmentation as a function of the professional scope (teaching, management, health, competition and out-of-school) due to the working conditions characteristic of each area, resulting in either primary markets with optimal conditions, or secondary markets characterised by instability and working precariousness. This segmentation is accompanied by a higher multiple employment rate in the scopes considered within the secondary market, linked to insecurity and the need for higher income.

The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of body weight dissatisfaction and body shape dissatisfaction between men and women. Participants were 369 (female: 204; male: 165) undergraduate student of Razi University. Age, height, weight, BMI, marital status, sport activity, economic status, Current and desired body weight and body mass index, Body weight dissatisfaction, Body shape dissatisfaction, Desired shape of parents’ view, Desired shape of opposite sex view, Body weight/size importance and Weight loss attempts data were collected. Chi-squared (χ2) tests were used to examine differences in proportions of categorical variables. Independent samples t-test, Paired t-test, Bonferroni post-hoc test and Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted in current study. There was a significant difference between women and men in BMI, Desired BMI, Body Weight Dissatisfaction and Body Shape Dissatisfaction (p < .001). Also results of the Chi-square analysis revealed...

IntroductionThree-dimensional kinematic analysis is a common method used for sports performance assessment. However, analysis of water sports is a challenging problem in the field of biomechanics, namely identifying body markers, due to the liquid environment, (Ceseracciu et al., 2011). Indeed, underwater movement reconstruction is influenced by light refraction (Gourgoulis et al., 2008; Kwon, 1999), turbulence and entrapment of air flow around the body (Payton & Bartlett, 1995). In addition, due the lack of accessible design equipment for automatic tracking underwater, videos are analyzed by manual digitization of a set of body markers on the subject, which is influenced by the ability of the operator in identifying these points (Ceseracciu et al., 2011).Kinematic analysis in swimming is fundamental in order to establish technique efficiency and have merely focused on able-bodied swimmers (Fernandes, Ribeiro, Figueiredo, Seifert, & Vilas-Boas, 2012; Figueiredo, Seifert, Vilas-Boas,...

This paper is intended to highlight the biomechanical characteristics of double back somersault on floor at the level of junior gymnasts aged 12 to 15. This scientific approach led to the organization of a scientific pedagogical experiment conducted throughout the period of three national competitions in 2012, 2013 and 2014 with a group of 13 junior gymnasts aged 12 to 15, members of the Olympic junior team. The biomechanical analysis has been performed by means of Kinovea and Physics Toolkit programs and the method of movement postural orientation; it pointed out the key elements of sports technique of the double back somersault on floor. The results of the study highlighted the anthropometric and biomechanical indicators necessary for the biomechanical analysis of double back somersault on floor at the level of junior gymnasts aged 12 to 15. The comparative biomechanical analysis of double back somersault showed the influence of the kinematic and dynamic characteristics on the tec...

Background. The article reveals the essence of the notion of «healthcare environment of a higher education establishment» as an environment of an individual, in which interconnected healthcare factors and conditions contributing to the social, spiritual, physical and mental development of the personality of the future teacher operate, the components of health as a prerequisite for the creation of a health-preserving environment, should ensure not only the preservation and strengthening of health, but also the formation of the health culture of the future specialist. The objective of this research: to uncover the process of creating a healthcare environment in the institution of higher education and its impact on the healthcare activities of future teachers. Methods. During the implementation of this research the complex of general scientific methods has been used: an observation as a systematic purposeful study of the object; a poll as the most common method of obtaining information...

Objective: Burnout is a highly intricate psychological parameter (Cresswell & Erklund, 2006a) and it is difficult to gauge within sports setting (Ewing and Seefeldt, 2002) though very limited amount of researches undertaken (Cresswell & Erklund, 2006b, Fraser-Thomas, Côté & Deakin, 2005). In this recent decade, burnout has placed as an important topic in the field of sports psychology and discussed in length about its exploration among the upcoming youth athletes (Brandonn S. Harris, 2005; Cresswell & Erklund, 2006a). Hence the researchers of this study were interested to conduct this present study due to the social circumstances in India and the very limited understanding of burnout among the Indian youth athletes. Methods: To carry out the overarching aim of this study, the investigation emphasis on the comparison of burnout level among the youth ball game players. A sample of total 215 Male athletes participated in this study. All subjects were represented from three sports group...

Physical Education and Sport, 52, 73 - 76, 2008 DOI: 10.2478/v10030-008-0015-5 ... Somatic and functional profile of sport rock climbers ... A Study design B Data collection C Statistical analysis D Data interpretation E Literature search F Manuscript preparation G Funds collection