RSU

A gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos no Brasil vem passando por um avanço sensível na abrangência da coleta realizada nos ambientes urbanos. Ultimamente este avanço vem acontecendo na alteração da disposição final dos resíduos, com um progressivo abandono da prática dos lixões, que hoje só acontece na metade dos municípios, principalmente aqueles de menor porte.
Para os resíduos úmidos (restos de alimentos, resíduos verdes e outros) existe a opção da compostagem simples ou acelerada e a biodigestão anaeróbia em diversas variantes. Também se encontra no mercado internacional o uso da incineração, bem como, de outros processos como pirólise, gaseificação e plasma, que ainda carecem de comprovação da viabilidade técnica, econômica e ambiental exigida na legislação. No Brasil, a maior parte dos empreendimentos de utilização de RSU para geração de energia utilizam os aterros sanitários.
No rol de alternativas possíveis, este documento expõe o resultado de uma análise comparativa entre várias alternativas de aproveitamento energético de resíduos sólidos.  A análise abrange o desempenho econômico financeiro relativo à implantação e operação, o balanço energético (energia produzida e energia conservada), as emissões de gases de efeito estufa, o impacto sobre empregos e o atendimento aos marcos regulatórios federais.

La participación tiene como finalidad dar a conocer los trabajos que como Consejeras Ciudadanas y profesoras titulares de la Facultad de Ingeniería Ci-vil de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, dirigimos como buenas prácticas y cuidado del medio ambiente en el Área Natural Protegida (ANP) Francisco Zarco, ubicada al sureste del Centro de Población de More-lia. Estas actividades están enfocadas a planificar y gestionar recursos para su funcionamiento e infraestructura, promover la conservación y restauración del ecosistema mediante trampas de infiltración para agua de lluvia y que por escurrimiento se van al drenaje pluvial, se fomentan actividades de educación ambiental mediante la rehabilitación de una cabaña ecológica con ecotecnias, además compostas para que la población separe la basura y la lleve a unos composteros para posteriormente obtener tierra orgánica, también se busca promover el desarrollo de la actividad turística en la que cada semestre se llevan a los alumnos de Ingeniería Civil para recorrer los senderos, además se gestiona un gimnasio al aire libre. También se busca la participación ciu-dadana involucrando a los alumnos de la Facultad en la reforestación y para la planeación estratégica del entorno urbano mediante recorridos y trabajos académicos, en los cuales los alumnos hacen una conciencia del respeto al medio ambiente. Actualmente se está elaborando la propuesta para el Plan de Manejo Ambiental de esta ANP. Conscientes de la responsabilidad social que tiene la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, sumamos esfuerzos y capacidades para contribuir con el medio ambiente.

Resumen: Las universidades, como la industria o la ciudad, se hallan inmersas en un proceso de transformación digital generado por la posibilidad y convergencia tecnológica del internet de las cosas (IoT), los macrodatos y la inteligencia artificial y sus consecuencias: la hiperconectividad, la datificación y la algoritmización. Un proceso de transformación hacia lo que ha venido a llamarse Universidad 4.0 o Smart University. El objetivo del presente estudio es proponer orientaciones para generar procesos de digitalización socialmente responsables y moralmente válidos en todos sus ámbitos de aplicación.

Communication network plays an important role in providing safe vehicular movement. The main achievement of VANET is providing comfort and safety for passengers. In addition to that, various transactions like information on accident, road condition, petrol bank details, menu in the restaurant, and discount sales can be provided to the drivers and passengers. The speed and time in which the message is sent and received plays an essential part in the Intelligent Transport System (ITS). For this the VANET requires efficient and reliable methods for data communication. Most of the earlier research works deal with the transaction based services provided by road side unit. Moreover the earlier works concentrate on the Intelligent Transport System limited to the city areas where road side units are available in plenty. But this
paper discusses the usefulness of VANET outside the city limit. Usually vehicles which move outside the city area do not get the response from the Road Side Unit (RSU) as its availability is limited. For efficient data communication, an attempt has been made to create a new clustering concept among the VANET nodes. The approach of the present paper considers the Simple Highway Vehicular model (SHWM), in which a new
clustering model has been introduced. This paper also focuses the service discovery through VANET in the absence of road side units when the vehicles are moving inside the city or outside the city.

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a boundless and emerging area of research in vehicular communication technology. It is mostly utilized in safety applications and to give ease during driving. VANETs connect the vehicles and the infrastructure to share data securely during traveling on highways(urban), or interlinked roads(rural). In VANETs, all mobile nodes can move unrestrictedly in the network and can communicate with any of the nodes in the network. It is one of the foundational technology used for the safe, efficient, and entertaining transportation system. A notable time is spent by people in communicating through vehicles. To make their trip more secure and less time-consuming smart vehicles based on VANETs have emerged. To leverage the maximum benefit of VANETs, the routing protocols play a vital role. Researchers have developed applications using AODV, DSDV, DSR, and other routing protocols to manage heavy and unruly traffic. In this paper, these protocols are studied and compared based on different attributes such as recovery strategy, type of environment, traffic flow, and so on. Further, the protocols under bio-inspired algorithms were studied.

En este artículo se elabora y aplica una metodología para el análisis de la tasa de generación per cápita y de factores punta de generación de las corrientes de residuos sólidos municipales y asimilables, recogidos selectivamente y mezclados en contenedores de 11 municipios de la región de Cantabria, España. Según la información estadística disponible, se estimó la población generadora de residuos considerando tanto la población empadronada como estacional. Se aplicó un criterio combinado para determinar los valores punta de residuos generados, discriminando valores extremos (bajo 5% o sobre 95%) y considerando la sumatoria de residuos generados diariamente en semanas o meses móviles. Para el período 2006 – 2009 se obtuvo, en el conjunto de los 11 municipios, una tasa de generación per cápita de 418 kg/hab/año y valores de factor punta y mínimo mensual de 1,16 y 0,88, globales para las corrientes de residuos estudiadas. El análisis de los resultados muestra una disminución del 2,7% sobre la tasa de generación per cápita de residuos mezclados y un aumento en la cantidad recogida selectivamente del 10,2%. Se expone la importancia de la población estacional sobre el sistema de gestión de residuos en municipios, mostrando que tanto la tasa de generación per cápita como los factores punta no tienen una relación directa con el tamaño de la población censada, debido esencialmente a que estos parámetros se ven afectados por la variación estacional de población. Se concluye que, en los municipios estudiados, existe una similitud entre los factores punta para diferentes corrientes de residuos.

Resumen: Este trabajo propone los sistemas whistleblowing de monitorización del comportamiento ético y socialmente responsable como herramienta plausible para ayudar a gestionar la ética y la responsabilidad social universitaria y motivar la participación activa y comprometida de los stakeholders. Con este fin, en primer lugar se muestra una propuesta integrada de gestión de la ética y la responsabilidad social para instituciones y organizaciones. En segundo lugar se analiza la gestión de la ética y la responsabilidad social en las instituciones y organizaciones universitarias para discernir potencialidades, déficits y posibles vías de mejora y desarrollo. En tercer lugar se profundiza en la estructura del sistema whistleblowing de alertas y denuncias de irregularidades y su potencialidad como mecanismo de comunicación para la implementación de la ética y la responsabilidad social en las universidades. Finalmente se proponen orientaciones para desarrollar el sistema whistleblowing como mecanismo de monitorización, posibilitando de este modo su inclusión como herramienta de participación que, debidamente complementado con los distintos mecanismos de comunicación del sistema integrado de ética y responsabilidad social, ayude a mejorar los procesos involucrados en la generación de valor estratégico, comunicativo y afectivo en contextos de actividad educativa.

It is now evident that there is a need for teaching-learning practices that aim develop the skills that students need to adapt to the demands of society and the competitiveness of the labor market. This research project conducted an empirical study to identify pedagogical practices that are associated with continuous assessment using rubrics as instruments for assessing of competencies within the university context. The evidence shows that there is a low evaluation quality and culture, few agreements regarding the reliability of the rubric, significant agreement on the effectiveness of the rubric for training purposes, and broad agreement regarding the feedback function, the need for teaching aids and policy support for the development of the rubric.The findings of this empirical analysis provide the first applied research evidence of the need to design educational policies to unify the criteria for outlining and applying a competency assessment model that will strengthen higher education practices in Colombia.

Society is experiencing a series of changes on the relationship between institutions and community. In this context, the university, from its academic mission focused on education and research for the development of knowledge, is promoting greater involvement towards the needs of society, the so-called university's social responsibility (USR). This article presents how, from a humanistic perspective, a community of social research is established between the Research Unit Person-Centered Approach of the University of Valencia ¿Spain-, the Research Unit Prisma of the Autonomous University of Bucaramanga ¿Colombia- and the Albeiro Vargas Foundation (FAVAC) ¿Colombia- whose purpose is the care of elder. Through a participative research-action methodology, a basis for institutional cooperation for the promotion of psychological well-being of the elderly is created. The volunteering program by the UNAB, through their teachers and students, thus come up with a concrete action of USR wh...

Vehicle ad-hoc networks has significantly used in automobiles for an effective communication with one another. The decentralized nature of this network provides an extensive range of applications which makes passenger safety and comfort. Providing security in a physical environment is considered to be the main issue to cope with. Vehicle-to-vehicle communication is the wireless transmission of data between the vehicles. It is more efficient and it enables 360 degree awareness of the surrounding threats. To overcome this issue a popular approach is recommended in VANET, is that cars are connected together via V2V,which are able to share data with one another, so that there is, less possibility of collision and other mischievous behaviour i.e. drunken drive. Although there are many proposed solutions for improving securities in VANET but security still remains a delicate research subject. The main objectives of this paper is to improve the security issues in VANET. Keywords— Vehicle Adhoc Networks (VANET), Vehicle to Vehicle Communication (V2V), Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication (V2I), Road side Unit (RSU). I. INTRODUCTION Intelligent Transport System (ITS) is a technology applied to transport and infrastructure to transfer information between systems for improved safety. The advancement in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have elevated the intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) to higher levels and also made vehicle telematics more attractive to the public. In VANETs, each vehicle is equipped with an on-board unit (OBU) communication device, which allows them to communicate not only with each other, i.e., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, but with roadside units (RSUs), e.g., vehicle-to roadside (V2R) communication. Due to this hybrid architecture of VANETs, a variety of promising applications, ranging from safety (e.g., Emergency and Accident) to non-safety (e.g., infotainment), can be enabled to improve the road safety and better driving experiences. With an immense improvement in technological innovations, we find Vehicular Communication as a solution to many problems of our modern day communication system in roads. VC involves the use of short range radios in each vehicle, which would allow various vehicles to communicate with each other which is also known as V2V communication and with road side infrastructure V2I communication. These vehicles would then form an instantiation of ad hoc networks in vehicles, popularly known as Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. A Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network, or VANET is a technology that uses moving vehicles as nodes in a network to create a mobile network. VANET turns every participating vehicle into a wireless router or node, allowing vehicles approximately 100 to 300 meters of each other to connect and, in turn, create a network with a wide range. As vehicles fall out of the signal range and drop out of the network, other vehicles can join in, connecting vehicles to one another so that a mobile Internet is created. VANET is mainly designed to provide safety related information, traffic management, and infotainment services. Safety and traffic management require real time information and this conveyed information can affect life or death decisions. Simple and effective security mechanism is the major problem of deploying VANET in public. Without security, a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) system is wide open to a number of attacks such as propagation of false warning messages as well as suppression of actual warning messages, thereby causing accidents.

The idea of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is utilized when discussing correspondence advancements among vehicles and framework to improve, among others, street wellbeing. We propose a notice administration to avoid mishaps by cautioning drivers about mishaps and perilous street conditions. This administration incorporates the meaning of another communicate dispersal system. A VANET roadway situation is mimicked to assess how the utilization of wellbeing plans diminishes the driver's response time when a startling circumstance happens. This new administration incorporates the meaning of another communicates spread component for low need messages that improve the data transfer capacity utilization. The end drawn in the wake of mimicking the shrewd street structure is that the utilization of astute foundation definitely decreases the response time of the driver. This will deliver an improvement in transport wellbeing since a vehicle would require less space to maintain a strategic distance from a surprising circumstance contrasted with not utilizing these advancements.

Définition et présentation de la Responsabilité Sociale Universitaire en Amérique Latine. Contribution aux actes quadrilingues du 2ème colloque interaméricain consacré à la mission sociale des universités (Organisation Universitaire Interaméricaine OUI). Extrait du livre: "La mission sociale des universités" Actes quadrilingues, Dir. Dorval Brunelle, Editions IEIM, Montréal, 2016.

Este ensayo se refiere a la aplicación de políticas de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) en los medios de comunicación. Este tema va más allá de la dimensión económica y de las responsabilidades jurídico-legales de las empresas. Tiene relación con los compromisos, los recursos, las competencias y las capacidades que pueden desarrollar las empresas de medios en beneficio de la sociedad en general. La RSC de las empresas de comunicación se debe estudiar desde una perspectiva tanto pública como privada.

VANET is a subset of MANET which offers communication between the nodes. VANET is a collection of various dynamic nodes that can change it and configure itself on the network. In Vanet, various routing protocols may be implemented to route the packet and Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) is one of the protocol that floods the packets to discover route. In Ad hoc On Demand Vector (AODV) routing protocol for VANET, malicious nodes may distrupt the network and make it difficult for the nodes to communicate. In this paper, AODV Routing Protocol is analysed in vanet with and without malicious attack. The malicious node disrupts the limit and floods the network with false packets. Malicious node will affect the performance of the entire network as it consumes more bandwidth and drops packets which in turn reduce the performance of AODV routing protocol and vanet.

The University is a social institution and it becomes a force for development whether from its management, academic, research and extension dimensions distinguish environmental problems, and towards creativity, innovation and scientific rigor, propose relevant solutions. The project aims to create a network of Ibero-American Universities, which identify through a guide designed for this purpose, university knowledge transfer to reduce extreme poverty through university social responsibility practices, RSU. As an initial project, we will work with two universities UTPL and its zone of influence in the province of Zamora Chinchipe-Ecuador and the Catholic University of Colombia and its zone of influence in Yomasa-Bogotá-Colombia.

Now a day’s Vehicular AdHoc Network (VANET) is an emerging technology. Mobility management is one of the most challenging research issues for VANETs to support variety of intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications. VANETs are getting importance for inter-vehicle communication, because they allow the communication among vehicles without any infrastructure, configuration effort, and without the high costs of cellular networks. The access is provided by Internet gateways located on the site of roadside and the packet routing scheme is based on a multichannel medium access control protocol called VMAC using time division multiple access. We propose a graph model to characterize the observed mobility pattern. Then the gateway deploymentproblem is transformed into a vertex selection problem in a graph. By reducing it the minimum vertex coverage problem, we show the gateway deployment problem is NP-complete, so a heuristic algorithm MobGDeploy is proposed to search greedily the optimal deployment points. Extensive simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance, and the results show that the proposed algorithm out performs others.

Vehicles download the data when passing through a drive through the road (RSU) and then share the data after travelling outside the coverage of RSU.A key issue of downloading cooperative data is how effectively data is shared among them self. Developing an application layer data exchange protocol for the coordination of vehicles to exchange data according to their geographic locations. Coordinated sharing can avoid medium access control (MAC) layer collisions and the hidden terminal effect can be avoided in the multi-hop transmission. A salient feature of the application layer data exchange protocol, in the voluntary services, Vehicles purchase the requested data from service provider via RSUs. In this project, we propose a cooperative data sharing with secure framework for voluntary services in special vehicles networks (VANETs). We also concentrate on security in the process of downloading data and sharing. Applicants to ensure exclusive access to data applied and security of the vehicles involved in the implementation.

Jornadas Universidad y Sociedad: construyendo compromisos​

Los días 29 y 30 de mayo de 2017 se celebraron las primeras Jornadas de Responsabilidad Social de la Universidad de Cantabria con el objetivo de crear un espacio para acercar distintas perspectivas de análisis de la Responsabilidad Social (empresarial o corporativa, institucional y académica) en el marco de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Sostenible (Agenda 2030). Con este encuentro hemos pretendido invitar a la reflexión y al debate sobre las interacciones entre la política, la empresa, la sociedad y la universidad para crear un modelo de desarrollo más humano y sostenible. Buscamos contribuir a crear ese modelo compartido reconociendo nuestros impactos específicos en el ámbito organizativo, en la cultura y  en el pensamiento, en la educación y, finalmente, en la sociedad en su conjunto.

Para ello, se llevó a cabo una primera jornada en la que profundizar en el conocimiento general de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) y otra centrada en la Responsabilidad Social en el ámbito específico de la Universidad.

En este artículo se analizan protestas y vivencias de recuperadores de residuos como una vía para problematizar las relaciones entre políticas públicas, sensibilidades y procesos de estructuración social. En el cruce entre una sociología de los cuerpos/emociones y los estudios sobre acción colectiva y conflicto social, asumimos que una política ambiental implementada en la provincia de Córdoba a comienzos del nuevo siglo opera como una política social que construye particulares sensibilidades. Para ello, en primer lugar, explicitamos las articulaciones conceptuales entre políticas sociales, cuerpos/emociones, sensibilidades y conflicto, en el marco del capitalismo neocolonial dependiente. En segundo lugar, describimos el Programa Córdoba Limpia y las protestas que generó en el período 2002-2014.

Abstract- Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET). It communicates in two approaches Vehicle-To-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-To-Infrastructure (V2I). By communicating with other vehicles and with Road Side Units (RSUs) VANET provides many lifesaving and commercial services. There are no fix infrastructures in VANET. Both Vehicle-To-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-To-Infrastructure (V2I) take place with the help of On Board Unit (OBU) which is residing on the vehicle. Scheduling is a very important issue in VANET as messages are to be delivered to the recipient vehicle properly and accurately. It is important to send emergency, lifesaving and messages with critical information before general entertainment and commercial messages. It is also critical that any message which is sent to the vehicle is received by it in the time period for which the vehicle will be in range of the RSU.The objective of our work is to enhance the delivery of a message from RSU...

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a network of vehicles communicating with their neighbours through a wireless channel. Following papers introduces Inter-Vehicular Collision avoidance system which performs safety communication with each other that can alert the drivers before accidents. Vehicles form a cluster, Clustering is the grouping of vehicles based on similar characteristics. Clusters are created with redundant connections between nodes to increase the communication reliability. All Vehicles broadcast secure messages, to provide future information to other vehicles on road using secure techniques. It gives the warning to the driver in case of getting in to the proximity of other vehicle and removes any possible chance of the collision. This will help the drivers in maintaining a safe distance from other vehicles moving in front of them and will save them from the collision.

En este artículo se elabora y aplica una metodología para el análisis de la tasa de generación per cápita y de factores punta de generación de las corrientes de residuos sólidos municipales y asimilables, recogidos selectivamente y mezclados en contenedores de 11 municipios de la región de Cantabria, España. Según la información estadística disponible, se estimó la población generadora de residuos considerando tanto la población empadronada como estacional. Se aplicó un criterio combinado para determinar los valores punta de residuos generados, discriminando valores extremos (bajo 5% o sobre 95%) y considerando la sumatoria de residuos generados diariamente en semanas o meses móviles. Para el período 2006 – 2009 se obtuvo, en el conjunto de los 11 municipios, una tasa de generación per cápita de 418 kg/hab/año y valores de factor punta y mínimo mensual de 1,16 y 0,88, globales para las corrientes de residuos estudiadas. El análisis de los resultados muestra una disminución del 2,7% ...

In this paper a prototype for the autonomous accident supervision system is proposed. This research work develop prototype that includes all the functionality of accident supervision system, including detection, Post accident traffic supervision, crisis means of transportation control. This methodology cut down the wait in providing medical service to the accident fatality and increases the chance of saving lives.

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) are expected to have great potential to improve both traffic safety
and comfort in the future. When many vehicles want to access data through roadside unit, data scheduling
become an important issue. In this paper, we identify some challenges in roadside based data access. To
address these challenges we first review some existing scheduling schemes. We then propose a priority
scheduling and finally show that using this idea can increase QOS compare to previous algorithms.