Termination

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of compassion-focused therapy on Depression and Rumination after a romantic breakup. The present study was carried out using the single-case quasiexperimental method and a simple baseline method. For this purpose, three female participants were selected through targeted sampling and they were treated through an individual Compassion-focused Therapy (CFT) during eight 90-min sessions. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Rumination (RRS) questionnaires in the baseline stage (pretreatment) during the second, fourth, sixth and eighth sessions, and in the onemonth follow-up stage. Moreover, in the pre-treatment stage, the participants completed the Love Trauma Inventory (LTI) and the MMPI-2RF questionnaires to identify the severity of disturbance after breakup and to detect the serious disorder in axis, respectively. Then they were interviewed in order to identify their personality disorder. Fo...

The objective of this paper is to look at employment services and labor market policies in the transition countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, and identify key benefits and constraints of active labor market programs, as well as the main characteristics and features of successful policy interventions. Various policy options are discussed on how to enhance public employment services but also private employment agencies which might be relevant to and suitable for the countries in the region given their macroeconomic and labor market situation. Overall, this report recommends that greater resources will be needed for active labor market programs (ALMPs) in the future. However, the emphasis should be put on improving the design and effectiveness of ALMPs, rather than on increasing spending levels only.

IEC 62305-4 gives the rules for the selection and the installation of surge protective devices (SPDs), where the maximum enhancement factor is considered to be equal to 2 in the worst case of open-circuit condition. The objective of the present paper is to check this relation for equipment connected to low-voltage (LV) power system. The LV power system is considered as TN-S system with different routings in three- and six-storey buildings. The terminals of apparatus are substituted by a variety of different loads, namely, resistances, inductances, and capacitances. All Maxwell's equations are solved by the method of moments (MoM) and the voltage is calculated at the apparatus terminals. The SPD itself is simulated by a voltage source at the ground floor. The results reveal that the voltage at the apparatus terminals may overshoot the SPD protection level by a factor of 3 irrespective of the number of floors and loops. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In this article we discuss the dimensions of the concept of termination of contract, the various definitions proposed by the doctrine in various jurisdictions and argue that the modern trend of a more comprehensive concept of termination of contract should be asserted.

Traditionally, termination of contract is analyzed in three different dimensions: (1) a subjective right of a contracting party to declare termination by notice or ask it from a court; (2) the act by which a contracting party triggers termination by notice or legal action in exercise of its subjective rights; and (3) the result of the exercise of its subjective right in respect of the contractual relationship.

In its meaning as a subjective right, termination is in fact a potestative right, whereas it offers the possibility to modify a pre-existing contractual situation and it is normally exercised by way of the unilateral declaration of the will of a person of the party entitled to it.

In the classical theory of French and Romanian legal doctrine, termination is largely seen as a sanction for guilty breach of a synallagmatic contract which consists in its retrospective unwinding. Termination occurs solely in case of guilty breach of obligations, while the unwinding of a contract, due to impossibility, does not fall under termination.

Modern European doctrine analyzed by the author accepts today that termination is an objective remedy for the breach of obligations, independent of the motives that stood behind it and regardless of fault. Additionally, oftentimes this remedy would be granted even without any breach, in particular in cases of a termination right reserved by contract.

The author concludes that termination is a functional institution; in each separate case it leads to the ending of the contractual relationship and, in most cases – a liquidation relationship. The grounds for termination and the form in which termination occurs are varied.

Most often a scholar would define termination through the lens of one of the legal grounds for termination. Such a definition would not however be suitable in respect of some other legal grounds of termination. Contracts can fail in too many ways. Moreover, termination may intervene without any failure, but simply at a party's discretion where the law or contract allows this explicitly.

Whereas we find it useful to develop, in the long run, a general theory of termination, we would support that part of the modern legal doctrine which determines termination as a functional legal institution, id est as an instrument of ending of contractual relationships and the liquidation of a contractual relationship, usually because of some failure or pathogenesis.

A beginning of such a general theory of termination is the adoption of set of norms under so-called restitution law, as already done by the new Romanian Civil, the Catala Avantprojet of amendments to the French Civil Code, and the Draft Common Frame of Reference.

Regardless of the legal ground for unwinding of a contractual relationship, the said relationship will be liquidated according to the rules of restitution.

Due to this reasoning, the author did not seek to identify a correct and final definition of termination of contract. With this proviso in mind, we support that termination is a legal technique of extinguishment of non-performed contractual obligations at the initiative of a party, relying on a statutory or contractual right, and, in case there are past performances in which the terminating no longer holds an interest, such extinguishment will be followed by bilateral restitution of past performances.

In this paper we demonstrate a potential extension of formal verification methodology in order to deal with time-domain properties of analog and mixed-signal circuits whose dynamic behavior is described by differential algebraic equations. To model and analyze such circuits under all possible input signals and all values of parameters, we build upon two techniques developed in the context of hybrid (discrete-continuous) control systems. First, we extend our algorithm for approximating sets of reachable sets for dense-time continuous systems to deal with differential algebraic equations (DAEs) and apply it to a biquad low-pass filter. To analyze more complex circuits, we resort to bounded horizon verification. We use optimal control techniques to check whether a Δ-Σ modulator, modeled as a discrete-time hybrid automaton, admits an input sequence of bounded length that drives it to saturation.