Text Analysis

Protestation has since time immemorial been a tool for clamouring and effecting social change. While such are non-concomitant in most first world countries, they find substantiation in many developing countries where the yearning for change and development are stronger. The Nigerian Niger-Delta area is strategic to the nation's wealth as it contains huge deposits of crude oil. However, the unabated environmental degradation upon the widespread exploration activities stimulated concern groups to raise consciousness on the rough realities of life therein. One of such protesters was Ken Saro-Wiwa whose 'Final Statement', used as primary data, was to be presented before the tribunal to try the Ogoni 9, as Saro-Wiwa and his fellow accused were dubbed, by the military administration of General Sani Abacha (1993-1998). The text was never read. Saro-Wiwa was hanged despite massive international outrage. The analytical reading of the document considered the discursive strategies employed by the writer. The study identified the discourse analytical constructs of framing and Otherness. In addition are contrasts, pronouns, allusions, repetitions and parallelism as stylistic techniques employed by the writer. Wiwa's unread testament is adjudged evincive of the power of language in portraying ideological constructs and safeguarding viewpoints.

Статья посвящена функционированию идиом в произведениях немецкого писателя Эриха Кестнера, представителя литературного направления «Новая вещественность». Рассмотрены основные функции фразеологизмов, установ-лен ряд закономерностей, описывающих их распределение по произведениям разных жанров, охарактеризована роль лексико-семантических групп идиом в создании единства художественного текста. Ключевые слова: авторский стиль, фразеология, немецкий язык, стилистика художественного текста, идиомы.

This article is devoted to the usage of phraseological units in works of German writer Erich Kästner, who belonged to the literary school "Neue Sachlichkeit". In the focus of our attention are functions of idioms and also correlations, which characterize their distribution in texts of different genres, as well as the constutive role of lexical semantic groups of idioms in creating unity of the literary text.

Kniha se zabývá metodologií textových analýz v kontextu sociální věd. Tematicky pokrývá tři typy textových analýz, které se v sociálních vědách nejčastěji používají: obsahovou, diskurzní a narativní analýzu. Uspořádávající osou celé knihy je otázka čtenáře, protože žádný text nelze v sociálních vědách analyzovat bez toho, aby byl nějakým způsobem čten. V perspektivě této čtenářské dvojakosti autor vysvětluje tři výše zmíněné textově analytické přístupy a ilustruje je na konkrétních výzkumných příkladech. Kniha navzdory svému systematickému členění není zamýšlena jako příručka – zaměřuje se na vybrané metody, se kterými má autor výzkumné zkušenosti. Užitečná bude všem vysokoškolsky vzdělaným odborníkům v sociálněvědním výzkumu, kteří se zabývají nebo by se chtěli zabývat sociálněvědní analýzou textů. Jaké jsou rozdíly mezi lidským a strojovým čtením? Lze vyprávění a příběhy o lidech a společnosti analyzovat s pomocí počítačů? Jak zkoumat čtení autobiografií jako sémiotickou aktivitu se vztahem ke kolektivní paměti? Jak vizualizovat diskurzivní pole (ne)spravedlnosti? Co je obsahem textu a jak tento obsah analyzovat?

The text is excerpted from Peer e Kamil S.A.W (Urdu: پیر کامل صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ و سلم‎) an extraordinary novel written by Pakistani writer Umera Ahmed. The book was published in Urdu in 2004 and later in English under the title "The Perfect Mentor" in 2011. The novel deals with the turning points in intervening lives of Imama Hashim and Salar Sikandar. It tells about eternal love, the love of Allah Almighty, that results from the love of the Holy Prophet (May peace be upon him). This love changes the whole life, smoothes the fidgets in any personality, brings spiritual maturity and leads to eternal satisfaction and success. The main characters of this novel got entangled in this love. How, when, where….etc, this is the actual story.

Unsolicited communications currently accounts for over sixty percent of all sent e-mail with projections reaching the mid-eighties. While much spam is innocuous, a portion is engineered by criminals to prey upon, or scam, unsuspecting people. The senders of scam spam attempt to mask their messages as non-spam and con through a range of tactics, including pyramid schemes, securities fraud, and identity theft via phisher mechanisms (e.g. faux PayPal or AOL websites). To lessen the suspicion of fraudulent activities, scam messages sent by the same individual, or collaborating group, augment the text of their messages and assume an endless number of pseudonyms with an equal number of different stories. In this paper, we introduce ScamSlam, a software system designed to learn the underlying number criminal cells perpetrating a particular type of scam, as well as to identify which scam spam messages were written by which cell. The system consists of two main components; 1) a filtering mec...

ParlSpeech V2 contains complete full-text vectors of more than 6.3 million parliamentary speeches in the key legislative chambers of Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, covering periods between 21 and 32 years. Meta-data include information on date, speaker, party, and partially agenda item under which a speech was held. The accompanying release note provides a more detailed guide to the data.

Availability of databases is a necessity in the speech processing field. The publically available databases in Arabic language are few. In this paper we describe a rich database for Arabic language. The database is rich in many dimensions: in text, environments, microphone type, number of recording sessions, recording system, the transmission channel, the country of origin, and the mother language. This richness makes the database an important resource for research in Arabic Language processing and very useful in many speech processing tasks, such as speaker recognition, speech recognition, and accent identification. The speakers were speaking in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA).

Cervantes’in Don Kisot (1605) romani, bircok sanatcinin eseri icin ilham kaynagi  olmustur ve bizzat Henry Fielding, Joseph Andrews’un, Don Kisot’un yazari, Cervantes’in uslubunun etkisi altinda kalinarak yazildigini, romaninin kapak sayfasinda kabul etmektedir. Buradan hareketle, bu makalede gelistirilen fikirler, Don Kisot ve Joseph Andrews arasindaki tematik ve bicimsel benzerlikleri metinlerarasi bir yaklasimla inceleme cabasidir. Bu baglamda, makalede hiciv, parodi, pikaresk roman ve Kisotvari karakter gibi her iki romanda da kullanilan edebi unsurlar karsilastirmali olarak incelenmektedir ve dolayisiyla bu calisma, Joseph Andrews’u Don Kisot araciligiyla okumanin ve bu romanlar arasinda karsilastirma yapmanin, okuyucuya romanda yeni anlayislar bulma olasiligini saglayacagi fikrini one surmektedir.

1) Le DVP (Document virtuel personnalisable) – définitions, objectifs et problèmes.
2) Deux exemples : la mise en ligne de manifestations scientifiques et la description de documentaires audiovisuels.
3) La sémiotique textuelle.
4) Le scénario sémiotique.

Bu kitap, edebiyat, anlatıbilim, dilbilim, göstergebilim, çeviribilim, anlatı ve metin incelemeleri üzerine yurtiçi ve yurtdışında akademik ve mesleki çalışmaları olan ve bu konuda dersler veren Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Murat Kalelioğlu tarafından hazırlanmıştır.

Kuram ve uygulamanın birlikte sunulduğu bu kitabın amacı alandaki uygulamalı kaynak eksikliğini gidermeye katkıda bulunmaktır. Kitapta kuramsal bilginin yanı sıra yöntemin yazınsal bir yapıtın çözümlenmesinde nasıl uygulandığına dair örnekler verilmiştir. Kitabın hedef kitlesi göstergebilime ilgi duyan, bu alanda kendisini geliştirmek isteyen, göstergebilim kuramını ve çözümleme araçlarını kullanarak disiplinlerarası çalışmalar yapmak isteyen okurlardır.

Göstergebilim kuramının bugünkü halini almasında edebiyatın yeri önemlidir. Çünkü kuram, disiplinlerarası bir anlayışla önce edebi eserlere uygulanarak geliştirilmiş ve sonra da elde edilen veriler diğer disiplinlerle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda evrensel bir nitelik taşıyan göstergebilimin yazınsal eserlerde nasıl uygulandığını bilen bir okuyucu, kuramı ilgi alanına giren başka disiplinlere de uygulama şansına sahip olmaktadır. Bu özelliği ile bu çalışmanın insanlık ve bilim arasındaki boşluğu dolduracak bir köprü vazifesi göreceği düşünülmektedir.

Konu Başlıkları
Göstergebilim Nedir?
Göstergebilimin Uygulama Alanları
Bir Kavram Olarak Gösterge
Gösterge'den Göstergebilim'e Anlamlama Yolculuğu
Charles Sanders Peirce ve Ferdinand de Saussure'ün Anlamlama Kuramları
Göstergebilimin Oluşmasına Katkı Sağlayan Dilbilimciler
Yazınsal Göstergebilim Tasarısı
Sabahattin Ali'nin Ayran Anlatısının Üç Boyutlu Yapısı ve Anlamlama Süreci
Söylemsel Sözdizim
Anlatısal Sözdizim
İzleksel Sözdizim

Market tight competition put pressure the companies to employ a new and faster way to support their marketing intelligence effort. The need of marketing intelligence includes gathering and analysing data for confident decision making about market and its competition. Today, the abundant large scale data from online social network services has made possible to extract valuable information such as user opinions and sentiment from the conversations in the market. As the competition arise, new challenge emerged, which include faster data summarisation. The common practice of summarise contents is using word-cloud or weighted list of appearance words. This approach is lack of sense and contextual relations between words in questions, because the words has no connection with other words that might construct an important phrase. With the help of graph formulation, we propose a methodology of network text analysis to summarizes large conversation in online social network services. This proposed methodology capture complex relations between words, while still maintain fast summarizations. In this paper, we compare three major telecommunication provider in Indonesia, which is Telkomsel, XL and Indosat. The conversations about those brands in online social network services Twitter is collected, Network text about each brands are constructed and analyzed.

Aside from learning values, traditions, and significant experiences from storybooks, children also learn about their roles as males and females from these learning materials. Previous studies on gender representation revealed that male characters in children’s storybooks are given more active roles through the verbs assigned to them. The present study examines gender portrayal in bilingual children’s literature written by Filipino authors. Using word count guided by the verb taxonomy of Johnson and Young (2002), 60 award winning and non-award winning books published between 2006 to 2017 were analyzed. Overall, the results reveal that the male characters continue to be assigned more active roles in the stories; however, they can also be assigned to roles that were traditionally given to female characters. Furthermore, both male and female names follow a two-syllabic structure which underlies the hypothesis that they are easily remembered by young readers. The implications of these fi...

Psychology has always defined itself as a science and yet it has lacked the theoretical and methodological unity regarded as characteristic of the natural sciences. Nicolò Gaj explores the topical question of unification in psychology, setting out a conceptual framework for considerations of unity and disunity, and exploring the evidence of its fragmentation. He takes a critical look at the history of the most prominent attempts at unification, and at the desirability and feasibility of the whole project. The book represents a unique and valuable attempt to address the issue of unification from a philosophical perspective, and via a combination of theoretical and empirical research.

Text detection in images is an important research area that has attracted the attention of many researchers. Due to the growing image databases, information retrieval from databases in less time and with maximum precision is more important. The low level features which are extracted from the images and videos include metrics of color, texture and shape, although these features can easily be obtained, they do not have enough accuracy to extract the content. Today, text retrieval in images is an important part of content recovery. Detection of vehicle plates, text ads or video frames, book title and addresses in mailing envelopes are among text mining applications. In the current article a method for combing image processing and neural networks for text detection in images is presented. In this approach, after detecting text location in image using MLP (Multiple Layer Perception) neural network structure, the text in the images is detected. Finally, the performance of two neural network MLP and LVQ (Learning Vector Quantization) for text detection are compared. The results show that the MLP neural network with suggested implemented algorithm in this network has a better performance.

Syfte
Undersöka om det finns en förändring över tid när det kommer till fokus på skolans tudelade
uppdrag: medborgar- och kunskapsuppdraget.
Metod
En kvalitativ och en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av de tre senaste läroplanerna (Lgr 80, Lpo 94 och
Lgr 11). Till hjälp används två idealtyper, vilka är skolans båda uppdrag. Den kvalitativa delen
undersöker hur dessa formuleras, medan den kvantitativa räknar relaterade nyckelord.
Resultat
Studien lyckas inte visa upp att det finns några särskilda skillnader av fokus i läroplanerna när det
kommet till skolans tudelade uppdrag över tid. Gemensam för alla läroplanerna, och för båda
uppdragen, är att de har ökat i såväl kvalitativ beskrivning och kvantitet.

This dissertation examines the nearly complete German, English and French secondary literature on, and the composers’ commentary on, three renowned works of the European postwar avant-garde. With the aid of the software MAXQDA, I undertook a meta-analysis combining qualitative and quantitative methods to discover what the texts address and in which amounts, which terms play important roles in them, and what they say about subjects like perception and meaning. I analyse individual terms and topics and interpret their significance based on how often or how seldom each of them arises in the texts in relation to specific works over time. For example, terms or semantic fields such as complexity, extremes, violence and power continuously play a prominent role, while others like world or beauty are rarely used or not used at all during some decades. I discuss the discourses and their arguments - including several so far unknown sources -, which extend over sixty years now, based on analysis producing some surprising results – both for the single works and ultimately across works.

This paper presents a study of the (now suspended) online discussion forum Incels.me and its users, involuntary celibates or incels, a virtual community of isolated men without a sexual life, who see women as the cause of their problems and often use the forum for misogynistic hate speech and other forms of incitement. Involuntary celibates have attracted media attention and concern, after a killing spree in April 2018 in Toronto, Canada. The aim of this study is to shed light on the group dynamics of the incel community, by applying mixed-methods quantitative and qualitative approaches to ana- lyze how the users of the forum create in-group identity and how they con- struct major out-groups, particularly women. We investigate the vernacular used by incels, apply automatic profiling techniques to determine who they are, discuss the hate speech posted in the forum, and propose a Deep Learn- ing system that is able to detect instances of misogyny, homophobia, and racism, with approximately 95% accuracy.

Good practices are increasingly becoming an essential part of tourism projects and sustainable tourism development. This study discusses the most significant characteristics of tourism good practices in context of the European Union, and presents an innovative approach by applying descriptive and text mining techniques. Good practices can be defined as initiatives, processes, policies, or activities that have successfully produced exemplary results, and that have proven to be reliable, productive, sustainable, and transferable, with the purpose of generating policy learning opportunities. The descriptive analysis has shown the great interest concerning the use of good practices for Spain, Italy, and France, all countries with a strong tourism sector, and consistently ranked among the most visited tourist destinations in the world. In this regard, the most frequent themes were related to "Digital Platforms", "Cultural Tourism", "Accessibility", and "Innovation". Finally, the results obtained from the application of text mining techniques suggest the relevance of terms such as "develop", "region", "project", "local", "cultur", "sustain", "citi", "area", "promot", and "product"; while the most frequently cooccurring terms are "sustainable" and "tourism". Similarly, the cluster analysis shows the presence of three main groups within the data. These results indicate that the first cluster consists mainly on good practices related to local tourism projects on sustainable development, the second cluster is predominantly composed of good practices related to urban tourism, and the last cluster shows a clear tendency towards good practices corresponding to cultural themes.

This article explores the significance culture has on problems encountered in the translation process. Using Christiane Nord’s model for text analysis, it identifies several translation problems linked to culture in a translation of a popular Japanese comic book. This exercise not only shows the advantages of Nord’s model but also that no one problem criteria is absent some connection to cultural dissimilarities.

Cet article explore l'importance des aspects culturels sur la portée du processus traductionnel. Fondée sur le quatre problème traductionnel de Christine Nord, on va mettre en lumière--grâce à l'examen d'une bande dessinée japonaise bien connu-- le lien entre le probleme traductional et la signification culturel. Ce démarche non seulement démontre les avantages de la modèle Nordien mais qu'il n'y pas une seul problème parmi le quatre qui n'a pas quelque connexion aux différences culturels.

As the demand for multilingual speech recognizers increases, the development of systems which combine automatic language identification, language-specific pronunciation modeling and language-independent acoustic models becomes increasingly important. When the recognition grammar is dynamic and obtained directly from written text, the language associated with each grammar item has to be identified using that text. Many methods proposed in the literature require fairly large amounts of text, which may not always be available. This paper describes a text-based language identification system developed for the identification of the language of short words, e.g., proper names. Two different approaches are compared. The n-gram method commonly used in the literature is first reviewed and further enhanced. We also propose a simple method for language identification that is based on decision trees. The methods are first evaluated in a text-based language identification task. Both methods are also tested as preprocessors for a multilingual speech recognition task, where the language of each text item has to be determined, in order to choose the correct text-to-pronunciation mapping. The experimental results show that the proposed methods perform very well, and merit further development.

Term Paper: Classifying Twitter within the Terms of Computer-Mediated Communication

It is indisputable that language used in online contexts is different than “standard” spoken or written language. The perception is popular “that computer-mediated language is less correct, complex and coherent than standard written language.”

Aside from learning values, traditions, and significant experiences from storybooks, children also learn about their roles as males and females from these learning materials. Previous studies on gender representation revealed that male characters in children’s storybooks are given more active roles through the verbs assigned to them. The present study examines gender portrayal in bilingual children’s literature written by Filipino authors. Using word count guided by the verb taxonomy of Johnson and Young (2002), 60 award winning and non-award winning books published between 2006 to 2017 were analyzed. Overall, the results reveal that the male characters continue to be assigned more active roles in the stories; however, they can also be assigned to roles that were traditionally given to female characters. Furthermore, both male and female names follow a two-syllabic structure which underlies the hypothesis that they are easily remembered by young readers. The implications of these fi...

Discussing Foucault’s and Deleuze’s work on meaning-making, the article argues that we might make better use of the intersubjectivity of a meaning when interpreting emotions. Interpreting emotions in texts remains complicated because discussion on the ontological character of emotions sustains an opposition of emotion to meaning structures. Both Foucault and Deleuze conceive meaning-making through permanent oscillation between the subjective accounts of a meaning and its collective interpretation. These two dimensions are not in conflict but create meaning through their interdependence. On the basis of this interdependence, we can conceive of an interpretive analysis of emotions as a way to study language means that label particular emotions as relevant, legitimized, or useful. This shift of the debate on emotions away from what emotions <em>are</em> and toward what they <em>mean</em> enhances the critical shape of interpretive analysis of emotions because it...

The chapter presents an analysis of parenting magazines drawn from four contexts: China, Australia, France and the United States. Using Actor Network Theory, the chapter argues that the parenting magazine can be considered a ‘mobile’, in Latour’s terms, which has been particularly effective in circulating through space and over time. It maintains characteristic features wherever it travels and is always recognisably an instance of that object. It is constituted from combinable elements that can be assembled in ways that enable a degree of cultural tailoring to local situations.

Patent claims define the protection scope of the intellectual property sought by the patent applicant or patentee. Broad claims are valuable as they can describe more expansive rights to the invention. Therefore, if these claims are too broad a potential infringer will more easily argue against them. But if the claims are too narrow the scope of protection of the intellectual property is greatly reduced. Patent claims have to be, on the one hand, determinate and precise enough and, on the other hand, as inclusive as possible. Therefore patent applicants must find a balance in the broadness of the scope defined by their claims. This balance can be achieved by the choice of words with a convenient degree of semantic indeterminacy, by the choice of modifiers or other strategies. In fact, vagueness in patent claims is a desirable characteristic for such documents. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of a corpus of 350 U.S. patents provides a promising starting point to understand the linguistic instruments used to achieve the balance between property claim scope and precision of property description. To conclude, some issues relating vagueness and pragmatics are suggested as a line of further research.

ABSTRACT

This research explores the 2001 anime Spirited Away (Sen to Chihiro Kamikakushi) by Hayao Miyazaki as a textbook on teaching and education. The critical pedagogy found in the film directly and indirectly challenges the Western dominant views on the values of childhood and children’s culture represented in Western and American products of animation such as those by Walt Disney Studio. As animation lies in the overlapped realm between popular culture children’s culture, between entertainment and education, between institutionalized knowledge and life lessons, the analysis of the film in an educational perspective relies a great deal on the willingness of educators to be flexible in approach and interpretation. The research attempts to validate a different method of childhood treatment in producing animation from the simplistic and sanitized fantasy created for “childhood innocence” that people have taken for granted. It reveals the complicated nature of parenting and informal education within capitalist societies in the context of consumerism by analyzing Spirited Away’s narrative, character development, and symbolism. The conclusions drawn from the main analysis confirm the validity and significance of Miyazaki’s worldviews on childhood, fantasy, and education as a reflection of American and Japanese cultures.

Keywords:
Critical pedagogy, cultural parenting, cultural education, animation, Hayao Miyazaki, Spirited Away, children’s culture, childhood innocence, Disney, consumerism, capitalism, identity confusion

Generational variation and contrasts in speech vs. writing are shown in usage of the discourse markers why and say across 20th century American English. Collocating with earlier 20th century address forms (e.g. say, pal rather then say, dude) these forms appear more dated than interjectional markers like oh, well, and so, Further, distinct subtypes of why and say show different frequencies across time. Using corpora of English from different eras, I present a diachronic description of these terms, and show evidence of new terms (e.g. hey and yo) taking over some of the functions that why and say once covered. I trace the disappearance of many uses of why and say from actual exchanges, but not from depictions of dialog, suggesting that while their current spoken usage declines, use in depicted conversations of fiction continues. I propose that this uneven distribution contributes to speakers’ inaccurate sense of the words’ productivity.

This study aims to conceptualize business excellence model and identify its variables and indicators. The philosophical foundations of the pragmatic, humanistic theory of symbolic interactionism has been, quietly and the strategy of grand theory deal with open, axial and selective coding; whose output is a new concept. Data collection is based on documentation studies on excellence models. The population under study more specifically includes the models existing in prestigious journals and magazines with theoretical sampling logic in order to reach theoretical saturation. To measure validity, Critical Appraisal Skills Program was applied and to assess reliability, two encoders were used. Reliability was calculated to be 0.86 through the agreement between two encoders and Kappa coefficient for 102 samples; the reliability was good. For analysis, MAXQDA software has been employed. Out of 102 conceptual excellence models under investigation in the coding step, 869 concepts or open codes were obtained. Common basic codes were divided into 50 major categories in terms of meaning, which, in the selective coding step, led to the creation of five dimensions with the names of people, market, work, management and the underlying factors. The conducted study is a small step towards the extraction of indicators and concepts of business excellence from 102 classic models.

Rola podręczników szkolnych w edukacji i socjalizacji dzieci i młodzieży, szczególnie na poziomie edukacji wczesnoszkolnej jest nieoceniona. Z ich analizy wyłania się jednak pytanie: czy obraz świata i relacji społecznych, np. modeli rodziny, w nich przedstawiany stanowi odzwierciedlenie rzeczywistości społecznej, a może nie do końca do niej przystaje? Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników aktualnie prowadzonych badań podręczników do szkoły podstawowej w zakresie przedstawianych w nich modeli rodziny, życia rodzinnego i miejsca rodziny w społeczeństwie.

Populism is a concept employed to qualify the political behavior of a large number of actors at a worldwide scale, with scientists classifying the latter into populists and non-populists according to dimensions such as ideology, strategy, discourse, economic policy, and even style. This article analyzes existing schools of thought on the nature of populism and argues that conceptualizing populism as a specific type of anti-elite discourse in the name of the People is both conceptually and methodologically the most coherent and useful way to understand the phenomenon. Additionally, it suggests discarding crude, dichotomous classification in favor of a gradated view of populist mobilization by means of quantifying populist discourse and observing its spatial and temporal variation. It adds value to current methods of measurement by demonstrating why and how clause-based semantic text analysis can provide optimal quantitative results while retaining qualitative elements for mixed-methods analysis. Aiming, moreover, at expanding the scope of populism studies by overcoming a narrow view that focuses exclusively at party system developments, it applies semantic text analysis to the study of grassroots mobilization during the Great Recession. Results point to the wide use of populist discourse on the part of movement activists seeking an inclusive language when framing disparate social grievances in a given constituency, a finding with important implications with regards to how populism can facilitate straddling the divide that purportedly distinguishes institutionalized party system behavior from the social movement milieu.