West Anatolia

***LINK TO OPEN-ACCESS ARTICLE ON JOURNAL WEBSITE: https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/ak/article/view/75190/68860

Während der ersten Grabungssaison im Jahr 2014 wurde in der spätbronzezeitlichen Siedlung Kaymakçı ein Bronzemesser mit einem ungewöhnlich verzierten Griff gefunden. Kaymakçı ist eine kürzlich entdeckte Zitadelle, die 100 km östlich der Ägäisküste im Gediz-Tal lokalisiert ist. Es ist eine der wenigen Fundstellen im Inneren Westanatoliens, die durch reguläre Grabungen erforscht wird. Das Messer kam in einem turmartigen Gebäude zutage, das sich an die Befestigungen im Nordwesten der Zitadelle anschloss. Es gehört zu einer kleinen Gruppe von Messern mit festem Griff (Sandars-Klasse 4), die bis vor Kurzem nur von Elitegräbern und kultischen Kontexten auf der Peloponnes, Kreta, Psara und Troia bekannt waren. Diese Messer sind u. a. durch Rippenverzierung und einen massiven Bronzeknopf am Griffende charakterisiert. Das geometrische Fischgrätmuster an dem Messer aus Kaymakçı findet jedoch keine Parallelen in der minoischen und mykenischen Kunst, ist dagegen geometrischen Verzierungen ähnlich, die von anderen estanatolischen Funden bekannt sind. Daher ist das Fischgrätmesser aus Kaymakçı höchstwahrscheinlich das Eigentum eines Mitglieds der westanatolischen Elite, ein Ergebnis der Verschmelzung der ägäischen und westanatolischen Traditionen. Gleichzeitig ist es eines der ersten bekannten Beispiele lokaler Ornamentik, die aufgrund des Forschungsstandes im Inneren Westanatoliens bis jetzt noch wenig untersucht ist.

XVIII. yüzyılın sonu ve XIX. yüzyılın baslarında Osmanlı mparatorlugu büyük sorunlarla ugrasmaktadır. Kökeni geçmise dayanan bu sorunlar, ekonomiden yönetime, toprak sisteminden iç güvenlige ve savaslara kadar birçok alanı kapsamaktadır. Bu tarihlerde, küçük bir Ege kıyı kasabası olan Kemeredremid (Burhaniye), naipler (kadı vekili) tarafından yönetilmektedir. Kaza, bazı özel ürünleri ve cografi konumu nedeniyle Osmanlı Devleti için önem tasımaktadır. Bu ürünler arasında özellikle zeytinyagı ve kereste, beslenme ve donanma hizmetleri için baskent stanbul tarafından tercih edilmektedir. XIX. yüzyılın baslarında kayıt edilen 1095-1 no'lu Ser'iye Sicili, bölgesel ve ulusal konuların yanı sıra, ekonomi, askerlik, yönetim, denizcilik ve toplumsal kurumlarla ilgili de belgelere sahiptir. In the end of eighteen century and beginning of nineeten century, Ottoman Empire is trying big problems. This problems that origins to be based on the past, is including a lot of square from econom...

Seramigin ilk olarak sekillendirilmesinden buyana caglar boyunca muhur dekorlari, yas camur dekor tekniklerinin vazgecilmez ogelerinden biri olmustur. “Insanoglu seramigi sekillendirmeye basladigi zaman elleri ile uzerine izler yaparak ilk muhur dekorlarini gerceklestirmistir. Daha sonra cesitli dogal malzemeleri muhur biciminde kullanarak sekillendirdikleri formlar uzerinde dekorlar yapmislardir.” Ilk muhur orneklerinin Hitit ve Asur Uygarliklarinda onemli belgeleri cogaltmak amaciyla kullanildigini gormekteyiz. Zamanla sekil degistirmekle beraber Orta Anadolu’da Kayseri, Bati Anadolu’da Frig, Iyon, Pers uygarligi kalintilarinda bulunan silindir muhurlere rastlanmaktadir. Bati Anadolu’dan baska Mezopotamya sanati icerisinde incelenen Sumer yontusunda da silindir muhurler karakteristik ozellik gosterirler. Muhurlerin kullanis yerleri ve amaclari ilk caglardan gunumuze cok fazla degismemistir. Milattan onceki yuzyillardan beri muhurlerin kullanilis amaclari cesitli esyalar, hatta abi...

Small‐mammalian faunas enable the discrimination and correlation of uppermost Lower Miocene lacustrine sedimentary units in central western Anatolia. On the basis of sequential stratigraphic relationships, early Early Miocene and latest Early Miocene relative ages are suggested for the older lacustrine mass‐flow deposits and younger paper shale units, respectively, which are devoid of age‐diagnostic fossils.In central western Anatolia, the sequential differences between the uppermost Lower Miocene successions delineate a deformation zone of NE–SW‐trending fault blocks separated by vertical faults. This deformation zone, inherited from Late Oligocene tectonics, underwent an early Early Miocene sinistral transtension leading to pull‐aparts that were emplaced by granitoids. Limited extension caused the late Early Miocene repetitive up‐ and down‐wards motions of the fault blocks, with variable magnitudes. This led to contrasting subsidence histories in the relevant basinal system. Durin...

Niğde Bor, Ulukışla, Çamardı İlçelerinde 2017-2021 yılları arasında yürütülen “Niğde Dağlık Alanlar Yüzey Araştırması”nın 2020 sezonunda toplanmış olan çanak çömleklerin el yapımı olmaları başta olmak üzere karakteristik biçimleri ile tarihöncesi döneme ait olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bor Ovasında 1982 yılında Dr. Uğur Silistreli tarafından tek sezon kazı yapılmış olan Pınarbaşı-Bor Höyük ile ilk kez tespit edilen Kıvrımak Höyük ve Çıplak Tepe olmak üzere üç höyükten, toplamda 170 adet çanak çömlek toplanmıştır. Pınarbaşı-Bor, Kıvrımak Höyük ve Çıplak Tepe'den toplanan çanak çömleklerin en karakteristik parçalarının Tepecik-Çiftlik Höyük'te (Niğde) in-situ olarak bulunan Erken Kalkolitik döneme tarihlenen 3. tabaka çanak çömlekleri ile benzer olduğunu, ayrıca Tepecik-Çiftlik gibi bir in situ buluntu grubu olmasa da Musular yerleşiminde tespit edilen ve Geç Neolitik döneme tarihlenen parçalar ile de benzediği anlaşılmaktadır.
Çanak çömleklerin makroskopik analizlerle başlıca dört gruba ayrıldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bunlar A-B-C-D harf kodları ile tanımlanmış ve karakteristik özelliklerine göre 1-2 rakam kodları ile de alt gruplara ayrılmıştır. Kırmızı hamurlu veya astarlı mallar A grubu olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bunların perdahlı olanları A1 alt grubuna ve perdahsız olanları da A2 alt grubuna ayrılmıştır. Kahve, koyukahve, siyah ve gri renk tonlarında hamurlu veya astarlı mallar B grubu olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bunların perdahlı olanları B1 alt grubuna ve perdahsız olanları da B2 alt grubuna ayrılmıştır. Genelde astarı olmayan ve herhangi bir yüzey işlemine sahip olmayan mallar C grubu olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu grubun herhangi bir alt grubu yoktur. Bezemeli mallar D grubu olarak tanımlanmıştır. Boya bezemeli olanlar D1 alt grubuna, kazıma bezemeli olanlar D2 alt grubuna ve bezemesinin türü ve tekniği net anlaşılamayan ancak bezemeli olduğu düşünülen grup ise D3 alt grubu ile tanımlanmıştır. Bölgenin Tepecik-Çiftlik ve Musular anahtar yerleşimleriyle karşılaştırmalı olarak yapılan tarihleme çalışmalarına göre en karakteristik çanak çömlek grubu olan, kırmızı astarlı ve yoğun perdahlı A grubu malların Geç Neolitik dönemde başlayan iskâna, koyu kahverengi hamurlu ve yoğun perdahlı B grubu malların da Erken Kalkolitik dönemde devam eden iskâna işaret ettiği anlaşılmaktadır.

Çakırbeyli Küçüktepe Höyük is a mound site in western Anatolia, located 1.5 km north of Çakırbeyli village, Koçarlı district of Aydın province, Türkiye. This paper presents the first zooarchaeological report of the animal remains unearthed from the 2014-2016 excavations at Çakırbeyli-Küçüktepe Höyük. The aim was to record, identify and find animal-based subsistence at the site. Faunal assemblages from Early Bronze Age to Byzantine occupations of the site represents a total of 875 specimens were examined. The remains were identified by classifying them according to their genus and species. At first observation, representing 8 animal families, a total of 13 different species of mammals, reptiles and birds were identified. It appeared that Çakırbeyli-Küçüktepe people were both hunters and herders for their common subsistence. Although there were red deer, horses and cattle, sheep and goats (Ovicaprid) were found to be the most consumed species, comprising 89.60% of total identified specimens. Based on a few equid specimens, it appeared that horses were used at the site for transportation. The distribution of skeletal parts suggests on-site butchering practice. Heavy burn marks, especially around the edge, on a large number of bones suggest open fire or direct heat food processing. Overall, the identified species illustrate a mosaic of ecology and habitat exploitation as well as multiple aspects of human-animal relationships at Çakırbeyli-Küçüktepe Höyük.

26-27 Nisan 2013 tarihleri arasinda, Celal Bayar Universitesi, Salihli Kaymakamligi ve Salihli Belediyesi’nin ortaklasa duzenledigi “Krallardan Efelere Salihli” sempozyumu gerceklesti. Salihli’nin edebiyati, tarihi ve kulturu uzerine 71 ozgun bildiri sunuldu. Salihli Belediyesi’nin sponsorlugu ile bildiriler kitaplastirilarak yerel yonetimlerin desteginin kulturel gelisime ne kadar onemli katki sagladigina guzel bir ornektir. Benim de Demirkopru Barajinin kurulmasi ile ilgili bir bildiri sundugum Salihli sempozyumunun tanitildigi bir yazidir

Pisidia Bölgesi’nin kuzeybatısında yer alan Erenler Tepe yerleşmesi, Seleuokoslar Dönemi’nde kurulan koloni kentlerinden biri olan Apollonia Antik Kenti territoriumu içerisinde yer almaktadır. Apollonia Antik Kenti’ne ulaşan ana ve ara arter yolları kontrol altında tutan konumu, bölgede bilinen yol ve ticaret ağlarının güvenliğini sağlamak amacıyla kurulan kale yerleşimlerinden biri olduğunu göstermektedir. Yerleşiminin etrafını çevreleyen sur hattı ve yerleşimin yüksek noktasına konumlandırılan kule yapısı da bu görüşü desteklemektedir. Buluntular, Erken Demir Çağı’nda başlayan yerleşimin Geç Hellenistik Dönem’e kadar devam ettiğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada ele alınan Erenler Tepe Yerleşmesi bölgede varlığı bilinen ancak az sayıda çalışmaya konu olan kale yerleşmelerinden biri olması bakımından önem taşımaktadır.

Biga, located in the southwestern part of the Marmara Region of Turkey, is the largest district of Çanakkale. Wild edible plants and the ways in which they are used in Biga have not previously been documented. This ethnobotanical study of Biga was conducted between June 2011 and September 2014. In this study, we recorded information such as the local names of plants, the manner in which they are used, and the particular parts of the plants used. The cultural importance index was calculated for each taxon. One hundred and sixty-five interviews were conducted in 49 villages. The study revealed that 55 wild edible plant taxa belonging to 41 genera are used in this area. The most frequently used families are Rosaceae, Lamiaceae, Polygonaceae, and Apiaceae. The genera that represented the greatest number of taxa included Rumex (six taxa), Thymus, Eryngium, Mentha, Oenanthe, Papaver, Prunus, Rubus, and Urtica (each containing two taxa). The most culturally important species were Urtica di...

Tradition and innovation were for centuries characteristic elements of the cultural development of Ionia, that landscape of western Anatolia, whose intellectual achievements became groundbreaking for the European continent and beyond. Whereas there are dominant the contacts with Egypt, Mesopotamia and Persia in Greek times, with the taking over of the Pergamenian Kingdom by Rome and with the establishment of the proconsular province of Asia (129-126 v. Chr.) new trends were initiated from Italy which are reflected in workmanship and art. Taking charge of pavement-types in the facilities of public and private buildings is one of the phenomena that document the cultural exchange between West and East. New results of archaeological and historical research in recent decades in the urban centers of Ionia provide insight into the sociological related interlacing of Hellenistic and Italo-Roman shapes of technological and decorative design on floor coverings. In this paper will be discussed...

The first millennium BC Gray Ware assemblage of Madytus share a series of similarities with the north-west Anatolian gray wares that was shaped under the influences of pottery and metal vessels of various cultures, in addition to the gray ware traditions of the Middle and Late Bronze Age in the region. This work in this sense aims to raise several questions on the gray wares from Madytus that recall the Phrygian pottery and metal vessels in relation to chronology and interactions. The pottery examined in this study implies that the relation between the gray wares from Madytus and the Phrygian vessels goes back to as early as the nineth / eighth centuries BC and lasted until the sixth century BC. The nature of relationships between Madytus and Phrygia in terms of gray wares contains problem involving Balkan and Aeolian newcomers from the north, the infiltration of the Phrygian pottery on the shapes and decorations of the pottery of the north-east Aegean interaction zone, and the Ionian colonization activities in the Hellespontus. The gray wares of Madytus with Phrygian influences indicates that the gray ware tradition representing the north-east Aegean interaction zone was not something peculiar to the coastal regions and the islands, since the Phrygian elements detected in the pottery assemblages show that this was extended to the inland regions.

Nahcivan Ozerk Cumhuriyetinin eski ve zengin bir gecmisi vardir. Bu bolgede bulunan arkeolojik yerlesimlerin bir grubu Erken Tunc Cagina aittir. Yerlesimlerden cok sayida arkeolojik malzemeler bulunmustur. Bu arkeolojik bulgular canak, comlek vb. kil kablardan, sus esyalarindan, kil hayvan figurlerinden vb. olusurlar. Azerbaycan arkeoljisinde gil hayvan figurilerinin arastirilmasi onemli yer tutmaktadir. Kil hayvan figurilerinin arastirilmasi sonucunda bazi onemli bilimsel sonuclara varmak olasidir. Makalede Nahcivan’daki Erken Tunc Cagi yerlesimlerde bulunmus kil figurinlerden bir grubu (boga, keci, kopek, at) arastirilmistir. Bunlar Guney Kafkasya ve Orta Dogu arkeolojik yerlesimlerinden bulunmus arkeolojik malzemelerle kiyaslamistir. Bilimsel arastirma sonucunda belirlenmistir ki, kil hayvan figurinleri eski ciftci ve hayvancilikla ugrasan asiretlerin yasam tarzini ve dini-ideolojik goruslerini yansitiyor.

The present study, conducted by the Archa­eology Department of Ege University through May-July 2005. has been carried out within the framework of the Turkish Academy of Sciences extensive project to develop cul­tural properties in Turkey, as a contribution for our understanding of cultural history and also for social enrichment. Fieldwork in two different area of Izmir (Ke­malpasa and Bornova) continued for a total of 25 days. The survey was carried out in five different localities in Kemalpasa, including two cemeteries, four different localities in Bornova, three prehistoric settlements and one cemetery. Data evaluation was comp­leted in the following months. Archaeological sites are disappearing be­cause of the fact that most of them are wit­hin the urban area of the modern town. Des­pite such destruction, the existence of such a number of these sites is remarkable. The field work revealed that in Bornova and Kemalpasa, there is evidence for Neolithic, Chalcofithic periods. Early ...

Ayd›n region, which is being investigated within the framework of the Archaeological Survey of Ayd›n and Muğla Regions, is located in a varied landscape dominated by high mountain ranges and a wide intermontane plain formed by the Büyük Menderes River. Ayd›n region opens to the Aegean Sea to the west, and joins the Central Anatolian plateau in the east through natural routes. Archaeological investigations in this varied landscape have demonstrated that the cultural background of the region can be pulled back to prehistoric periods. The settlements of Çatalkaya acropolis, located in close proximity to the Kuşadas› coastline on the Aegean Sea, and Dedekuyusu and Bahçetepe mounds, located on the Menderes plain, supply new data for the little known Bronze Age cultures of the region. These settlements yielded important surface finds which provide evidence for the extent of the Western Anatolian cultural development towards the south especially during the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC.

Lower Meandros valley was home to many Civilizations, especially during the Middle-Late Bronze Age. This area received migration from Mainland Greece and the Aegean islands, besides Anatolian indigenous dwellers. The dissertation “Existence of the Mycenaean Culture in the Lower Meandros Valley” will analyze the variation of the Culture that was generated by the migration to West Anatolia. Taking into account
the effects of the Thera eruption and political landscape during the late second Millenium BC, the arrival of the Mycenaeans to this region will be investigated. Within the context of this paper, Miletus, Çine-Tepecik mound, Didyma, Tavşan Adası and Teichiussa will be studied during the Middle- Late Bronze Age. Any evidence which could point to the existence of the Mycenaean Culture in this region will be examined and reconsidered.

Beycesultan has provided the longest chronological
sequence in southwest Anatolia for the
Bronze Age. There J. Mellaart noticed a change
in the material culture at level XIII and called it
a “complete break in the culture.” He claimed
that the fire and destruction at this level was
the result of the migration of Indo-Europeans
to the region Some scholars suggest that there
is a chronological gap in Beycesultan between
levels XIII and XII, which is the cause of this
so-called break. Recently pottery seriation and
absolute dating obtained by the excavations at
Laodikeia-Kandilkırı in Denizli province yielded
enough evidence to prove that there was
neither a break in the material culture nor any
sign of invasion in the Denizli region in Early
Bronze Age 2 or 3A. Instead, there existed a
moderate period of change in the Denizli region
due probably to the impact of the network
of interregional connections in Anatolia’s
EBA 3A during the chronological gap between
Beycesultan levels XIII and XII. Kandilkırı was
abandoned around 2200 BC, probably due to
a climate crisis and the fall of the interregional
connective network.

Seydişehir ilçesi, Konya il sınırları içerisinde merkeze yaklaşık 100 km. uzaklıkta,
Küpe Dağları'nın eteklerinde, Suğla Gölü’nün kenarında kurulmuştur. İlçenin
doğusunda Akören, batısında Akseki, güneyinde Bozkır, Yalıhöyük ve Ahırlı
ilçeleri yer alır. Konumu gereği birçok kültüre ev sahipliği yapmış Seydişehir
çevresindeki kültürel zenginlik araştırmacıların da ilgisini çekmiştir.

This study reveals a preliminary evaluation of the findings obtained from a new settlement detected during the Survey of Prehistoric Period of the Suğla Lake Vicinity in 2020. The settlement of Akkise/Yahyalı Höyük is located within the borders of Akkise District in Konya province, approximately 1 km the northeast of Lake Suğla. The first data about the prehistoric periods of the region were obtained from the studies conducted in the 1960s in this region, which is located between the Lakes Region and Konya Plain in the South of Central Anatolia that is called the Beyşehir-Suğla Trough. During this period, excavations in settlements such as Suberde and Erbaba Höyük revealed important findings suggesting that these settlements be established on the lakeside in the Neolithic Period. Then, in 2002, DSI works to build irrigation canal were carried out at a location close to Suğla Lake. With the unearth of archaeological artifacts in the area called Gökhöyük Bağları Höyük during the digging out for the canal, rescue excavations were carried out by the Konya Museum Directorate. In the unearthed settlement, important data about the prehistoric periods of the region were gathered. The Akkise/Yahyalı Höyük finds, which were discovered during the Survey of Prehistoric Period of the Suğla Lake Vicinity in 2020, revealed the existence of a totally new prehistoric settlement in the region. From the finds unearthed in settlements such as Erbaba Höyük, Suberde Höyük and Gökhöyük Bağları Höyük, dating the Neolithic Period, important information about the Neolithic Period tool industry and pottery making techniques was obtained. In these settlements, the obsidian and flintstone tools found in the layers dated back the Neolithic period, as well as the similar grinding stones and terracotta artifacts were found on the surface in Akkise/Yahyalı Hoyük. Among From the artifacts collected from the surface of the settlement, it is thought that this settlement can be dated to the Late Neolithic, Early Chalcolithic Period.
In this context, it is estimated that the archaeological excavations to be carried out in Akkise/Yahyalı Höyük in the future will provide important information about the Neolithization process of the Basin, also known as the Beyşehir-Suğla Trough.