World-Systems Theory

Для мира, уже который год переживающего кризис, наступил момент истины – упоение «свободной» экономикой прошло, уступив место разочарованию и усталости от радикального, безудержного либерализма. На смену идет система, еще не получившая своего «изма».
В свете этого особое значение приобретает теория длинных волн, созданная Н. Д. Кондратьевым, которая служит важнейшим инструментом для адекватного понимания текущих мир-
системных процессов. Мало того, эта теория в совокупности с теорией смены технологических укладов является одной из немногих в экономической науке, которая позволяет строить научно обоснованные прогнозы. В настоящей монографии затронут целый комплекс проблем, вполне
удачно объединенных под названием «Кризисы и прогнозы в свете теории длинных волн». Задачей
авторов было более точно установить влияние на экономические подъемы и кризисы объективных
и субъективных факторов циклов разной периодичности; выявить влияние инноваций на экономическую динамику на разных фазах циклов; использовать теорию длинных волн в совокупности
с теорией смены технологических укладов для построения научно обоснованных прогнозов. Так
или иначе авторы также касались проблемы органичной связи теории длинных (кондратьевских)
волн с теорией средне-срочных (жюгляровских) циклов. Ведь экономический кризис (крах, спад и
депрессия) – это наиболее драматичная часть именно среднесрочного экономического цикла. Кри-
зисы всегда являются результатом предшествующего активного роста, поскольку этот рост неиз-
бежно создает структурные напряжения не только в экономике, но и в обществе в целом (институ-
ты общества рассчитаны на определенный объем и масштаб явлений и процессов). Но, разумеется,
все кризисы при некоторых сходствах проходят по-разному. Кроме того, заметно отличаются они в
зависимости от того, на какой – повышательной или понижательной – фазе длинной кондратьев-
ской волны они случаются.
В монографии также затрагиваются и очень важные вопросы связи государств и экономического развития, проблемы возникновения социально-политических кризисов в процессе модернизации, другие аспекты социально-политической нестабильности в разных регионах мира.

This thought-provoking monograph analyzes long- medium- and short-term global cycles of prosperity, recession, and depression, plotting them against centuries of important world events. Major research on economic and political cycles is integrated to clarify evolving relationships between the global center and its periphery as well as current worldwide economic upheavals and potential future developments. Central to this survey are successive waves of industrial and, later, technological and cybernetic progress, leading to the current era of globalization and the changes of the roles of both Western powers and former minors players, however that will lead to the formation of the world order without a hegemon. Additionally, the authors predict what they term the Great Convergence, the lessening of inequities between the global core and the rest of the world, including the wealth gap between First and Third World nations.
                                                                           
Among the topics in this ambitious volume:

·        Why politics is often omitted from economic analysis.
·        Why economic cycles are crucial to understanding the modern geopolitical landscape. 
·        How the aging of the developed world will affect world technological and economic future.<
·        The evolving technological forecast for Global North and South.               
·        Where the U.S. is likely to stand on the future world stage.

Economic Cycles, Crises, and the Global Periphery will inspire discussion and debate among sociologists, global economists, demographers,  global historians, and futurologists. This expert knowledge is necessary for further research, proactive response, and preparedness for a new age of sociopolitical change.

Дестабилизация или хотя бы ее угроза – неизбежная фаза развития любого общества. Настоящая работа является попыткой учесть, насколько это возможно, влияние некоторых политических и экономических факторов, как внешних, так и внутренних,
на возможную дестабилизацию в различных обществах. Монография состоит из десяти
глав, объединенных в пять частей, введения, заключения и приложения. В ней органи-
чески соединены теоретические исследования связи модернизации и нестабильности,
что может вести к революциям, и исследования, которые устанавливают корреляцию
между ростом ВВП, типом политического режима, уровнем урбанизации, образования
и т. д., с одной стороны, и ростом опасности дестабилизации – с другой. Причем эта
корреляция нелинейная и нередко не совпадает со здравым смыслом.
В последние годы в Мир-Системе происходят процессы, которые свидетельству-
ют о том, что она вступает в довольно длительную полосу повышенной турбулентно-
сти, и это делает исследование факторов нестабильности еще более актуальным. При-
чем начавшиеся процессы реконфигурации Мир-Системы с характерными для нее про-
цессами нестабильности захватили не только полупериферийные зоны, но и ядро Мир-
Системы. В монографии исследуются причины этих явлений и делаются прогнозы о
развитии мирового порядка в ближайшие десятилетия.
В целом настоящая монография содержит много интересных фактов, рассуждений и
результатов проведенных нами исследований. Она будет полезна не только специалистам,
но и всем, кто интересуется процессами дестабилизации и революций, в частности в раз-
личных обществах, их причинами, факторами и механизмами. Выход монографии актуализируется и в связи с тем, что в 2017 г. отмечается столетний юбилей Русской революции, оказавшей огромное влияние на весь ход истории в ХХ столетии.

The first edition of this Research Handbook offers unparalleled insights into the large-scale resurgence of interest in Marx and Marxism in recent years, with contributions devoted specifically to Marxist critiques of law, rights, and the state.

The Research Handbook brings together thirty-three scholars of Marx, Marxism, and law from around the world to offer theoretically informed introductions to the Marxist tradition of social critique, contemporary Marxist analyses of law and rights, and future orientations of Marxist legal analysis. Chapters testify to the strength of Marxist critical tools for understanding the role of law, rights, and the state in capitalist societies.

Exploring Marxist critique across an extraordinarily wide range of scholarly disciplines, this Research Handbook is a must-read for scholars of law, politics, sociology, philosophy, and political economy who are interested in Marxism. Graduate and advanced undergraduate students in these and related disciplines will also benefit from the Research Handbook.

The volume is edited by Paul O'Connell (Reader in Law, SOAS, University of London) and Umut Özsu (Associate Professor of Law and Legal Studies, Carleton University).

Contributors include Max Ajl (Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Social Sciences, Rural Sociology Group, Wageningen University & Research), Rémi Bachand (Professor of Law, Université du Québec à Montréal), Miriam Bak McKenna (Lecturer in Law, Lund University), Clyde W. Barrow (Professor of Political Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), Enzo Bello (Associate Professor, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro), Bill Bowring (Professor of Law, Birkbeck, University of London), Honor Brabazon (Assistant Professor of Sociology and Legal Studies, St. Jerome’s University in the University of Waterloo), Gustavo Capela (PhD Candidate in Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley), Cosmin Sebastian Cercel (Associate Professor of Law, University of Nottingham), B. S. Chimni (Distinguished Professor of International Law, OP Jindal Global University), Pablo Ciocchini (Lecturer in Criminology, University of Liverpool), Natalia Delgado (Lecturer in Law, University of Southampton), Matthew Dimick (Professor of Law, University of Buffalo), Radha D’Souza (Reader in Law, University of Westminster), Michael Head (Professor of Law, Western Sydney University), Nate Holdren (Associate Professor of Law, Politics, and Society, Drake University), Rob Hunter (Independent Scholar, PhD in Politics, Princeton University), Talina Hürzeler (Independent Scholar, LLB, University of New South Wales), Bob Jessop (Emeritus Professor of Sociology, University of Lancaster), Rene José Keller (Independent Scholar, PhD in Law, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, and PhD in Social Work, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul), Rafael Khachaturian (Lecturer in Critical Writing, University of Pennsylvania), Stéfanie Khoury (Independent Scholar, PhD in Sociology of Law, Università degli Studi di Milano and Universidad del País Vasco), Dimitrios Kivotidis (Lecturer in Law, University of East London), Daniel McLoughlin (Senior Lecturer in Law, Society, and Criminology, University of New South Wales), Eva Nanopoulos (Senior Lecturer in Law, Queen Mary, University of London), August H. Nimtz (Professor of Political Science and African American and African Studies, University of Minnesota), Paul O’Connell (Reader in Law, SOAS, University of London), Chris O’Kane (Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), Rebecca Schein (Associate Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies, Carleton University), Igor Shoikhedbrod (Assistant Professor of Political Science and Law, Justice, and Society, Dalhousie University), Nimer Sultany (Reader in Law, SOAS, University of London), Christine Sypnowich (Professor of Philosophy, Queen’s University), and Ahmed White (Professor of Law, University of Colorado at Boulder).

Though the researchers of the theory of long and medium-term cycles are certainly
worried about the economic situation, they understand that the cyclicity still remains an inevitable
attribute of economic development. And Juglar's aphorism that crisis is a consequence
of the preceded prosperity is still true.
In this third issue of the Yearbook ‘Kondratieff Waves’ with the subtitle ‘Cycles,
Crises, and Forecasts’, we present a number of insight contributions on nature, regularities,
and interconnections among cycles of different duration. Some economic cycles may result
in a severe economic crisis. The current one shows once again the importance of the study
of cyclical dynamics and its peculiarities.
Between the 1980s and 1990s the Keynesian receipts were replaced by neoliberal and
monetarist ones which seemed to be miraculous as well. The depleted growth was marked
with the largest global crisis of 2008 which also showed that within globalization when
regulation in the international arena is impossible yet, there recur the signs of Juglar cycles
of the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries with their uncontrollable upwards and sharp
declines evolving into collapses and panic. This is supported by the fact that for eight
years the world has been at the depressive phase.
This edition will be useful for economists, social scientists, as well as for a wide
range of those interested in the problems of the past, present, and future of global economy
and globalization.

In this article we analyze processes and scales of global integration in historical perspective, starting with the Agrarian Revolution. We connect the main phases of historical globalization with the processes of the development of the Afroeurasian world-system. In the framework of the Afroeurasian world-system the integration began several millennia BCE. In it the continental and supracontinental links became so developed long before the Great Geographic Discoveries and thus they could well be denoted as global (albeit in a somehow limited sense). Among some researchers there is still a tendency to underestimate the scale of those links in the pre-Industrial era; thus, it appeared necessary to provide additional empirical support for our statement. It also turned necessary to apply a special methodology (which necessitated the use of the world-system approach). We analyze some versions of periodization of globalization history. We also propose our own periodization of the globalization history basing on the growth of the scale of intersocietal links as an indicator of the level of globalization development. On Goals and Tasks of the Article In the framework of this article we attempt to solve the following tasks: 1) to demonstrate that it was already a few thousand years ago (at least since the formation of the system of long-distance large-scale trade in metals in the 4 th millennium BCE) when the scale of systematic trade relationships overgrew signifi cantly the local level and became regional (and even transcontinental in a certain sense); 2) to show that already in the late 1 st millennium BCE the scale of processes and links within the Afroeurasian world-system did not only exceed the regional level, it did not only reach the continental level, but it also went beyond continental limits. That is why we contend that within this system marginal systemic contacts between agents of various levels (from societies to individuals) may be defi ned as transcontinental (note that here we are dealing not with overland contacts only, as since the late 1 st millennium BCE in some cases we confront oceanic contacts – the most salient case is represented here by the Indian Ocean communication network;

This book introduces a 'Big History' perspective to understand the acceleration of social, technological and economic trends towards a near-term singularity, marking a radical turning point in the evolution of our planet. It traces the emergence of accelerating innovation rates through global history and highlights major historical transformations throughout the evolution of life, humans, and civilization. The authors pursue an interdisciplinary approach, also drawing on concepts from physics and evolutionary biology, to offer potential models of the underlying mechanisms driving this acceleration, along with potential clues on how it might progress.