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    Importance of Contact Pattern in Assembly of Bevel Vs Cylindrical Gears

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    Pushparaj Vignesh
    There is more emphasis on the tooth contact pattern for bevel gears during assembly compared to cylindrical gears for three key reasons: 1) Bevel gears experience more three-dimensional displacement of the pinion relative to the gear during operation due to cantilevered pinion mounting and gearbox material flexibility. 2) Bevel gearsets have four assembly parameters (offset, root angle, pinion position, gear position) compared to one (center distance) for cylindrical gears. 3) Additional corrections like profile crowning and flank twisting are often used for bevel gears to minimize sensitivity to contact movement under load and increase load capacity.

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    Importance of Contact Pattern in Assembly of Bevel Vs Cylindrical Gears

    Uploaded by

    Pushparaj Vignesh
    27 views3 pages
    There is more emphasis on the tooth contact pattern for bevel gears during assembly compared to cylindrical gears for three key reasons: 1) Bevel gears experience more three-dimensional displacement of the pinion relative to the gear during operation due to cantilevered pinion mounting and gearbox material flexibility. 2) Bevel gearsets have four assembly parameters (offset, root angle, pinion position, gear position) compared to one (center distance) for cylindrical gears. 3) Additional corrections like profile crowning and flank twisting are often used for bevel gears to minimize sensitivity to contact movement under load and increase load capacity.

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    Contact pattern in assembly of bevel and cylindrical gears

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    5_6226772405247803554

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    There is more emphasis on the tooth contact pattern for bevel gears during assembly compared to cylindrical gears for three key reasons: 1) Bevel gears experience more three-dimensional displacement of the pinion relative to the gear during operation due to cantilevered pinion mounting and gearbox material flexibility. 2) Bevel gearsets have four assembly parameters (offset, root angle, pinion position, gear position) compared to one (center distance) for cylindrical gears. 3) Additional corrections like profile crowning and flank twisting are often used for bevel gears to minimize sensitivity to contact movement under load and increase load capacity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views3 pages

    Importance of Contact Pattern in Assembly of Bevel Vs Cylindrical Gears

    Uploaded by

    Pushparaj Vignesh
    There is more emphasis on the tooth contact pattern for bevel gears during assembly compared to cylindrical gears for three key reasons: 1) Bevel gears experience more three-dimensional displacement of the pinion relative to the gear during operation due to cantilevered pinion mounting and gearbox material flexibility. 2) Bevel gearsets have four assembly parameters (offset, root angle, pinion position, gear position) compared to one (center distance) for cylindrical gears. 3) Additional corrections like profile crowning and flank twisting are often used for bevel gears to minimize sensitivity to contact movement under load and increase load capacity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    ask the expert

    Importance of Contact Email your question — along with your name,


    job title and company name (if you wish to

    Pattern in Assembly of
    remain anonymous, no problem) to: jmcguinn@
    geartechnology.com; or submit your question by
    visiting geartechnology.com.

    Bevel Vs Cylindrical Gears

    QUESTION
    Why is there so much emphasis on the tooth contact pattern for
    bevel gears in the assembled condition and not so for cylindrical
    gears, etc? Any information would be greatly appreciated. For Related Articles Search

    contact pattern
    at www.geartechnology.com

    Expert Answer Provided by: Dr.


    Hermann J. Stadtfeld, Gleason Corp. tion found in the roll testing machine higher-order corrections with the aim
    as the optimal build position — regard- of minimizing the sensitivity regarding
    Bevel and hypoid gears common- ing tooth contact and noise. This rather contact movement under load while also
    ly use a cantilevering pinion. This complicated angular configuration with increasing load-carrying capacity.
    means the pinion has, for example, two a possible pinion cone “P” optimization Spur and helical gears — in automo-
    tapered roller bearings located on the and the presence of gearbox toleranc- tive transmissions, for example — are
    shank — behind the heel — with no bear- es requires an individual adjustment of arranged between two parallel shafts.
    ing support on their toe end. While the the gear cone “G”. The gear cone adjust- Under load the gears at the end of the
    ring gear is supported on both sides, this ment is mainly done to re-establish the shafts might change their center distance
    presents a situation that allows the pin- desired backlash, which changes if the by small increments — mostly caused
    ion to bend in the plane of the ring gear pinion position should be optimized. by the transmission housing deforma-
    rotation, and in a plane that is defined by In cases where the tooth contact moved tion — while the shaft inclination is still
    the pinion axis and is perpendicular to too far away from the required position, acceptably small. The gears towards the
    the first plane. In other words, a three- a pinion cone correction (using bearing center of the shafts will change their cen-
    dimensional displacement of the pinion shoulder shims of different thickness), in ter distance by higher amounts, while
    vs. the gear takes place during regular connection with a re-adjustment of the the inclination is negligible. The involute
    operation. This phenomenon increases gear cone, must be performed. Because profile will prevent edge contact at top
    in severity in cases where the gearbox of the high three-dimensional displace- and root, if the contact ratio in profile
    housing is not of steel, but rather from a ments of the pinion position relative to is above 1.00. Load concentration at the
    material with only a fraction of the mod- the gear, bevel and hypoid gears receive ends of the teeth is prevented by the face
    ulus of elasticity of steel — such as alumi- a combination of length crowning, pro- contact ratio of helical gears. Spur gears
    num alloys. The situation of relative dis- file crowning and flank twist (Fig. 2). are corrected with a first-order end-
    placement of bevel and hypoid transmis- Modern bevel and hypoid gears even use relief (Fig. 3, left) (in case of hobbing or
    sions — even in cases of optimal straddle
    bearing location — is a magnitude larger
    than in situations of spur and helical
    gears because of the three-dimensional
    force situation.
    Cylindrical gears have only one
    major assembly parameter that is the
    center distance. There are four assem-
    bly parameters for bevel and hypoid
    gears (Fig. 1). Offset “E” and root angle
    “Alpha” are given by the gearbox design.
    The pinion axial position “P” has to be
    adjusted relative to the bearing shoulder
    behind the pinion heel to the theoreti-
    cal value in order to make the crossing
    point of the axes match the theoretically
    predetermined position; i.e., the posi-
    Figure 1 Bevel gearset — axial, vertical and angular adjustments.

    68 GEAR TECHNOLOGY  |  August 2014


    [www.geartechnology.com]
    ask the expert

    Figure 2 Flank surface modification elements (crowning) used for bevel gears.

    shaping) in order to prevent the concen-


    tration of load at the tooth ends. More
    sophisticated is a circular length crown-
    ing in connection with a protuberance
    in the tool profile. A protuberance tool
    creates a profile relief like that shown in
    Figure 3 (right). Many helical gears that
    are ground have this advanced crowning
    applied. Crowning in face width direc-
    tion and protuberance are also applied in
    cases in which the soft manufacturing is
    the final operation of a cylindrical gear.
    Because the cylindrical gear shafts are
    parallel in the stage of building a gear-
    box, the gearbox tolerances will basically
    influence the center distance. Tolerances
    in milling the bearing journal seats can Figure 3 End relief — (left side) and top relief (right side).
    normally be ignored because they cause
    only a negligible shaft inclination and
    generally only result in a center distance
    variation. Involute gearing is impervi-
    ous to center distance changes, so the
    Expert Hermann Stadtfeld checking tooth
    emphasis is on verifying the assembly contact of a hypoid gearset after assembly in
    result in order to maintain the back- a passenger car gearbox (photo by Jasmin K.
    lash within the required limits. Checking Saewe for Gleason Corp).
    the tooth contact is often not required
    because there are no significant influ-
    ences that could greatly influence the
    contact conditions. Depending on the
    kind of transmission, the final inspec-
    tion could still be a backlash and con-
    tact pattern check of every gear mesh, or
    a structure-borne noise analysis of the
    complete gearbox on a test rig.

    Do YOU have a question for our experts? Send it to Jack McGuinn,


    senior editor, via e-mail at jmcguinn@geartechnology.com. We'll
    submit your question to our panel of experts. Suitable questions and
    answers will be published in future issues of Gear Technology.

    70 GEAR TECHNOLOGY  |  August 2014


    [www.geartechnology.com]

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