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    Cosmic Origin of The Elements

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    Yssa Belle
    The Big Bang theory is the widely accepted explanation for the origin of the universe approximately 13.8 billion years ago. In the first few minutes after the Big Bang, the universe was composed of hydrogen, helium, and trace amounts of lithium. Over millions of years, stars formed from clouds of these gases and underwent nuclear fusion, producing heavier elements up to iron. When large stars exhausted their nuclear fuel, supernova explosions occurred, creating even heavier elements through neutron capture and radioactive decay.

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    Cosmic Origin of The Elements

    Uploaded by

    Yssa Belle
    8 views7 pages
    The Big Bang theory is the widely accepted explanation for the origin of the universe approximately 13.8 billion years ago. In the first few minutes after the Big Bang, the universe was composed of hydrogen, helium, and trace amounts of lithium. Over millions of years, stars formed from clouds of these gases and underwent nuclear fusion, producing heavier elements up to iron. When large stars exhausted their nuclear fuel, supernova explosions occurred, creating even heavier elements through neutron capture and radioactive decay.

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    The Big Bang theory is the widely accepted explanation for the origin of the universe approximately 13.8 billion years ago. In the first few minutes after the Big Bang, the universe was composed of hydrogen, helium, and trace amounts of lithium. Over millions of years, stars formed from clouds of these gases and underwent nuclear fusion, producing heavier elements up to iron. When large stars exhausted their nuclear fuel, supernova explosions occurred, creating even heavier elements through neutron capture and radioactive decay.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views7 pages

    Cosmic Origin of The Elements

    Uploaded by

    Yssa Belle
    The Big Bang theory is the widely accepted explanation for the origin of the universe approximately 13.8 billion years ago. In the first few minutes after the Big Bang, the universe was composed of hydrogen, helium, and trace amounts of lithium. Over millions of years, stars formed from clouds of these gases and underwent nuclear fusion, producing heavier elements up to iron. When large stars exhausted their nuclear fuel, supernova explosions occurred, creating even heavier elements through neutron capture and radioactive decay.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Cosmic Origin of Elements

    The BigBang

    •The most widely accepted explanation to the origin of

    the universe.
    •In 1900s an evidence of the theory was finit

    expressed in the early , when


    •Edwin Hubble offered an explanation that the

    universe is expanding.
    •He observed that many stars and galaxies shine with

    light shifted toward the red end of the visible

    spectrum.
    •This phenomenon, called redshift.
    •Isotopes are atoms of an element that have the

    same number of protons but different numbers of

    neutron
    .•Astronomerss believe that a few minutes after the

    big bang, the universe was composed of

    approximately 75% (by mass) hydrogen, 25%

    helium (primarily He), and trace amounts of lithium.


    •Big Bang Nucleosyntheses the processes through

    which these light elements formed.


    Stellar Formation and Evolution
    The universe continuously expanded for several

    years and the cloud of hydrogen and helium gases

    condensed to form stars, including the sun. Over

    millions of years, the stars made of hydrogen became

    hotter and denser. During this stellar evolution,

    nuclear reactions continued, which produced

    elements heavier than lithium. The light elements

    combined to form atoms of carbon, neon, oxygen,

    silicon, and iron.


    Starting from a small, young, yellow star,

    successive nuclear reactions occurred until it

    became a giant red star. The reactions involved in

    the formation of each new element happened in

    regions or layers so called fusion shells. As more

    elements were produced, new layers added up to

    the size of the star until it became a red giant. Stars

    are described to have an "onion skin" structure as

    they evolved and produced new elements.


    Stellar Explosion
    As the red giant star exhausted the nuclear fuel of light

    elements, its core started to collapse that eventually led to

    the explosion of the star. This violent explosion called

    supernova released a huge amount of nuclear energy and

    produced, through neutron capture and radioactive decay,

    other elements heavier than iron.


    Neutron capture reactions were either as fast as a

    fraction of a second or as slow as a few million years.

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