This document appears to be a quiz covering various topics in biology, chemistry, physics and history. It consists of multiple choice questions testing knowledge of concepts like cell division, genetics, states of matter, chemical reactions, motion and forces, and events in US history. The questions cover topics such as mitosis, meiosis, genes, adaptations, the periodic table, chemical bonds, Newton's laws of motion, the American Revolution and founding documents.
This document contains a 20 question immunology test covering various topics related to chromosomes, karyotypes, genetics, tissue types, blood components, respiration, and Mendelian principles. The test asks multiple choice questions to assess understanding of these key immunology concepts. It will be graded out of 20 total marks and must be completed within 45 minutes.
This document discusses linkage and crossing over in genetics. It begins by outlining Mendel's laws of inheritance and then describes how Bateson and Punnett discovered linkage between genes for flower color and pollen shape in peas through deviations from expected Mendelian ratios. Morgan later showed with Drosophila experiments that linkage occurs when genes are located near each other on the same chromosome. The document then explains that crossing over during meiosis results in new combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes, allowing genes to be reshuffled between generations. Linkage maps can be constructed by measuring the frequency of recombination between gene pairs, with less recombination indicating closer proximity on the chromosome.
Meiosis produces haploid gametes from diploid cells for sexual reproduction. It involves two nuclear divisions and results in four haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. This ensures genetic variation between offspring, which is the raw material for evolution. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair and may exchange genetic material through crossing over. The homologous chromosomes then separate, followed by the second meiotic division where sister chromatids separate, resulting in four haploid cells each with a unique combination of genes.
1. Incomplete dominance and codominance are genetic concepts where the phenotype of the offspring is not fully dominated by one allele. An example is pink flowers from white and red parent flowers.
2. Codominance is when the offspring shows traits of both parents, like a checkered chicken from a black and white parent.
3. Multiple alleles exist when more than two alleles control a trait, such as blood types A, B, AB, and O in humans which are determined by proteins on red blood cells.
This document discusses genetic linkage and its related concepts and theories. It defines genetic linkage as the tendency of genes located near each other on the same chromosome to be inherited together. It describes Walter Sutton's hypothesis that chromosomes carry hereditary units and Sutton and Boveri's chromosome theory of inheritance. It also discusses Bateson and Punnett's coupling and repulsion hypothesis, Morgan's discovery of gene location on chromosomes through fly experiments, and the different types of linkage like complete and incomplete linkage. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like complete and incomplete linkage.
Semester pre bio spring 2011 with answersChase Moore
This document contains a multiple choice quiz with questions about patterns of inheritance and Mendelian genetics. There are 33 questions that cover topics like Mendel's experiments, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, genotypes and phenotypes, inheritance of traits, sex determination, and independent assortment. The questions require recall of genetic concepts and principles as well as the ability to apply this knowledge to analyze inheritance patterns and genetic crosses.
The document contains biology terms related to genetics and cell biology, including definitions of key genetics concepts like genotype, phenotype, alleles, homozygous, heterozygous, traits, chromosomes, DNA, RNA, mutations, the central dogma, meiosis, mitosis, gametes, and the work of Gregor Mendel, the father of genetics. It seems to be reviewing vocabulary for a biology test or assignment covering basic genetics and cell division topics.
This document discusses genetic inheritance and variation. It covers several key points:
1. Genetic variation arises from both inherited and acquired traits that are passed down from parents to offspring through genes located on chromosomes.
2. Genetics studies how inherited traits are passed between generations, while epigenetics examines how the environment influences genes.
3. DNA contains genetic instructions in the form of genes that code for proteins. DNA is replicated and its information is transcribed into mRNA to direct protein production.
4. There are different patterns of genetic inheritance including dominant/recessive, codominance, intermediate inheritance, and sex-linked inheritance. Inherited diseases also follow certain inheritance patterns.
This document discusses genetic linkage and crossing over. It defines linkage as genes being inherited together on the same chromosome. Crossing over occurs during meiosis when segments are exchanged between non-sister chromatids, resulting in new combinations of linked genes. The frequency of crossing over between two genes increases with genetic distance. Three-point crosses allow determining gene order and calculating linkage distances between loci. Double crossovers are also discussed.
GENETICS
CYTOGENETICS
Definition of Linkage, Coupling and Repulsion hypothesis, Linkage group- Drosophila, maize and man, Types of linkage-complete linkage and incomplete linkage, Factors affecting linkage- distance between genes, age, temperature, radiation, sex, chemicals and nutrition, Significance of linkage.
The tendency of two or more genes to stay together (i.e., the co-existence of two or more genes) in the same chromosome during inheritance is known as LINKAGE. The linked genes are present on the same chromosome are said to be SYNTENIC. The linked genes do not show independent assortment.
LINKAGE v/s INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
The frequency of linkage or the strength recombination is influenced by several factors (agents).
This document discusses several patterns of inheritance beyond simple dominant and recessive traits. It describes incomplete dominance, where the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes. Codominance is defined as when both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote without blending. Multiple alleles exist for some traits, where more than two alleles determine the phenotype. Sex linkage is explained, where traits are inherited through genes on the X or Y chromosomes. Polygenic traits are influenced by multiple gene pairs and are usually continuous traits like height or skin color that are also affected by environment.
This document provides an overview of sexual reproduction in flowering plants and mammals. It discusses how gametes are produced through meiosis, containing half the number of chromosomes. Fertilization occurs when the male and female gametes fuse, restoring the full chromosome number and allowing for genetic variation in offspring. The document also describes DNA and genes, how genetic information is passed down, and sex determination in humans based on X and Y chromosomes.
linkage ppt slide is made for those learners which are a very weak understanding of the linkage concept. so it helps the students to take a clear concept from it.
This document discusses Gregor Mendel's principles of inheritance and genetics. It covers Mendel's laws of segregation, dominance, and independent assortment. It also discusses exceptions to Mendelian genetics like incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, polygenic traits, epistasis, and gene linkage. Thomas Hunt Morgan's work with fruit flies provided evidence that genes are located on chromosomes, not assorting independently as Mendel believed, but rather assorting as linked genes on the same chromosome. Gene mapping using recombination rates helped establish the chromosomal theory of inheritance.
This document provides an overview of several genetics concepts including:
1) Mendelian genetics concepts like monohybrid and dihybrid crosses as well as test crosses.
2) The concepts of incomplete dominance and codominance where neither or both alleles are expressed in heterozygotes.
3) ABO blood types as an example of codominance with multiple alleles.
4) Sex determination and sex-linked traits related to the X and Y chromosomes.
5) How pedigrees are used to track the inheritance of traits through families.
This document discusses multiple allelism, which refers to more than two alternative allelic forms of a gene occupying the same locus. It provides examples of multiple allelism in eye color in Drosophila, with 14 alleles producing different shades from white to red, and in human blood groups with the A, B, and O alleles. The characteristics of multiple alleles are described, including that only two alleles are present per individual. Multiple allelism in inheritance of blood groups and determining blood group combinations in offspring are also covered.
Gregor Mendel experimented with pea plants and discovered the principles of inheritance, including dominance and segregation. He found that traits are determined by discrete factors, now known as genes, which are inherited from parents. Offspring receive one of each pair of genes from their parents. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and genes segregate so each gamete receives one of each gene. This ensures genetic variation in offspring.
This document discusses different concepts related to genetics including complete and incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, and sex determination.
It provides snapdragons with red, white, and pink flowers as an example of codominance, where the alleles for red (R) and white (r) both influence the phenotype and result in pink (Rr) flowers. It also gives human blood types as an example of multiple alleles, where the IA, IB, and Io alleles determine blood type A, B, AB, or O.
The document then provides a genetics problem asking for the possible blood groups of children from a mother with blood type A and a father with blood type B. It works through the
Examples of Codominance. The best example, in this case, is the codominance blood type. ABO group is considered to be a codominant blood group where both father’s and mother’s blood group is expressed. It means that the properties of the blood groups exist in the ABO type.
Codominance is a relationship between two versions of a gene. Individuals receive one version of a gene, called an allele, from each parent. If the alleles are different, the dominant allele usually will be expressed, while the effect of the other allele, called recessive, is masked.
This document discusses incomplete dominance and codominance. Codominance occurs when two alleles are both expressed together, such as blood type AB having both A and B proteins. Incomplete dominance results in a blended phenotype from two alleles, like a pink flower from a cross of red and white alleles. Examples are provided of codominance in blood types and incomplete dominance in flower color. Sample questions assess understanding and ask to identify examples and predict offspring phenotypes and percentages through Punnett squares.
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company filed an 8-K report with the SEC to announce a presentation at the upcoming JP Morgan High Yield Conference. In the presentation, Goodyear will discuss weak industry conditions in the fourth quarter of 2008 that led to significant production cuts exceeding previous estimates. Raw material costs also rose substantially in the fourth quarter. Goodyear estimates that industry volumes declined approximately 3.5-22% in North America and 4.5-13% in Europe depending on the market segment. In response, Goodyear increased its production cuts to around 17 million units for the quarter.
constellation energy Corporate Governance Guidelinesfinance12
This document outlines the corporate governance guidelines for the Board of Directors of Constellation Energy Group, Inc. It discusses the role and responsibilities of the Board, including overseeing management, selecting and evaluating the CEO, and ensuring policies are in place to promote ethics and integrity. It also covers the composition of the Board, including size, independence, qualifications, and compensation of directors.
The document describes sightings of the Antonov 225, the world's largest aircraft, delivering a large power transformer at McCarran Airport in Las Vegas. It notes the plane has 24 wheels and provides some key specifications, such as its wingspan of 290 feet and maximum takeoff weight of over 1.3 million pounds. It also briefly mentions photos of tornado aircraft creating cloud effects, Columbia's last flight capturing city lights over Europe and Africa, and techniques for photographing the moon from planes.
constellation energy Proxy Statement 2007finance12
- The document is a notice from Constellation Energy Group for their annual shareholder meeting on July 18, 2008.
- Shareholders will vote on three matters: electing directors, ratifying the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers as the independent auditor, and approving an amendment to increase authorized shares of common stock.
- Shareholders are urged to vote by completing and returning their proxy card, and their votes will be counted even if they do not attend the meeting.
This document is Tesoro Corporation's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2006. It provides Tesoro's condensed consolidated financial statements including the balance sheet, statement of operations, and statement of cash flows. The balance sheet shows that as of March 31, 2006 Tesoro had total assets of $5.08 billion including $2.18 billion in current assets, and total liabilities of $1.90 billion including $1.50 billion in current liabilities. The statements of operations and cash flows provide financial results and cash flow information for the quarters ended March 31, 2006 and 2005.
wyeth Cowen and Company Annual Health Care Conferencefinance12
Geno Germano, President of U.S. and General Manager of Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, presented at the Cowen Health Care Conference on March 13, 2007. He discussed Wyeth's strong financial growth in 2006, new commercial models being implemented, and upcoming FDA submissions including Pristiq for depression and menopausal symptoms. Germano emphasized building a diverse and stronger company through top line growth, cost management, and outpacing revenue growth with bottom line growth.
constellation energy Q3 2006 Earnings Presentationfinance12
- Constellation Energy terminated its planned merger with FPL Group due to risks and uncertainties in Maryland that made completion of the merger unlikely.
- For Q3 2006, Constellation Energy reported adjusted EPS of $1.56, above guidance of $1.10-$1.25. The BGE segment performed in line with expectations while the Merchant segment exceeded guidance.
- Constellation Energy announced the sale of gas-fired generation plants for $1.635 billion, which will reduce debt and position the company for continued earnings growth through 2008.
The Society of St. Vincent de Paul of Alameda County (SVdP) was established in 1938 and provides assistance to over 100,000 homeless and low-income people annually. Their programs include a free dining room serving 300,000 meals per year and centers providing services to homeless men, women, and children. Their Kitchen of Champions program provides culinary job training for homeless and low-income adults, with classes taught by professional chefs. Graduates are placed in jobs in the food services industry. The program is funded through donations, grants, and fundraising events.
Raytheon Reports 2007 Third Quarter Resultsfinance12
Third Quarter Earnings
- Raytheon reported third quarter earnings for 2007 on October 25th
- Earnings call information and copyright details are provided
- Key highlights include strong bookings of $6.5B, backlog of $33.9B, and net sales up 8% to $5.4B
- International Paper Company is a global forest products, paper and packaging company with operations in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. It operates pulp, paper, packaging, and wood products facilities.
- It has six business segments: printing papers, industrial and consumer packaging, distribution, forest products, Carter Holt Harvey, and other businesses. It sells paper, packaging, and wood products.
- It has approximately 100,000 employees worldwide, with 63,000 in the United States. It invests in research and development and complies with environmental regulations. It is subject to competition in global paper markets.
Contending that Ohioans are not adequately protected from the risks of horizontal, hydrological fracturing - or "fracking" - for oil and gas, the Ohio Environmental Council is proposing a sweeping upgrade to state oil and gas laws. The proposed bill, called SAFER GAS (Safeguarding Appalachian Families with Environmental Regulation of Gas And Shale), shores up more than 30 gaps in Ohio law.
SIS 2010 - Marketing in the Moment - Rob Garner - iCrossingiCrossing
The document discusses how marketing is evolving in real-time as people and society become more networked. It argues that to be effective, brands must adopt an agile approach and engage with audiences in the moment through publishing, conversation, and acting on available data. Being present and responsive across networks and search is now critical, as what brands do right now increasingly shapes perceptions over the long run. The new nature of marketing demands strategic vision and preparation to engage audiences in this dynamic environment.
The document announces Goodyear's plans to close its tire manufacturing plant in Somerton, Australia by the end of 2008. This is expected to eliminate 3 million units of high-cost capacity annually and provide $35 million in annual cost savings. Goodyear estimates charges of $125 million, including $85 million in cash charges and $40 million in non-cash charges, associated with the planned closure. Charges will be recognized in 2008 through 2010. Goodyear also discusses strategies to capitalize on growth in high-value tires and emerging markets and plans to increase cost savings targets through supply chain efficiencies and back office reductions.
This document is Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company's Form 10-Q filing for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2007. It includes their consolidated balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement for the quarter, as well as notes on accounting policies and details on items in the financial statements. Some key information includes a net loss of $118 million for the first six months of 2007 compared to net income of $76 million in the same period of 2006. Total assets were $16.5 billion and total liabilities were $15.5 billion as of June 30, 2007.
This document contains 60 multiple choice and short answer questions about various topics in biology including evolution, genetics, viruses, speciation, and population genetics. The questions would be used on a final exam and assess understanding of concepts like the lytic and lysogenic viral cycles, natural selection, genetic drift, speciation mechanisms, and the Hardy-Weinberg principle of gene frequency equilibrium. Students are instructed to study topics thoroughly in order to do well on the exam.
This document contains 60 multiple choice and short answer questions covering a wide range of topics in biology including evolution, genetics, viruses, speciation, natural selection, and more. The questions would be used on a final exam and assess understanding of key concepts as well as the ability to apply, analyze, and synthesize information from class lectures and materials. Specific topics include the lytic and lysogenic viral cycles, population genetics, mechanisms of genetic variation and gene flow, types of natural selection and their effects, evidence for evolution from comparative anatomy and fossils, and theories of Lamarck and Darwin.
The document is a transcript of a Jeopardy game about genetics and biology. It includes questions about meiosis, gametes, chromosomes, Punnett squares, DNA, karyotypes, genetic mutations, traits, genes, genetic engineering, zygotes, diffusion, osmosis, and an "egg-cellent" experiment about cell membranes. The questions cover a wide range of topics in genetics, heredity, and basic cell biology.
The document discusses various topics relating to bacterial structure, types, and importance. It defines key bacterial terms such as cell wall, flagella, peptidoglycan, gram positive and gram negative bacteria. It also addresses bacterial reproduction through binary fission and asexual reproduction, as well as their role in decomposition.
The document discusses stem cell plasticity and complexity theory from a Buddhist perspective. It summarizes research showing that adult stem cells have more plasticity than previously believed, being able to cross lineage boundaries and take on cell fates from other tissues. It then discusses how this relates to the Buddhist concept of emptiness and principles of complex adaptive systems, suggesting that all of reality can be viewed as complexly interdependent and always changing.
ICSE and CBSE Important Questions on Hereditary and Evolution.docxExamQuestionare
ICSE , CBSE, NCERT, State Board
NEET Exam, Olympiad Question, Study Materials, Biology Important Questions Answers for Heredity and Evolutions class 10 and Class 12 Board exams. Laws relating to Heredity and Evolution.
Subjective Questions on Heredity and Evolution
1. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote celllauvicuna8dw
This document contains 53 questions about genetics and cellular biology. It covers topics such as the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, DNA structure and replication, mitosis and meiosis, Mendelian genetics including alleles, genotypes and phenotypes, blood types, polygenic traits, and an introduction to epigenetics. The questions assess understanding of core concepts in genetics, heredity, and gene expression.
- The document provides a series of questions and multiple choice answers related to cell division, the cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, and genetics.
- It tests understanding of key concepts like DNA replication, chromosome structure, stages of the cell cycle, the number of chromosomes in human body and gamete cells, and more.
- Reviewing the questions and choosing answers provides an opportunity for self-testing on these important topics in cell biology.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in biology related to genetics and cellular reproduction. It defines the laws of segregation and independent assortment. It also describes dominant and recessive traits, multiple alleles, polygenic traits, mitosis, meiosis, the cell cycle, and compares the key differences between mitosis and meiosis.
This document provides an overview of meiosis and sexual reproduction. It explains that meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid to produce gametes like eggs and sperm. This is necessary for sexual reproduction in complex multicellular organisms. Meiosis introduces genetic variation between offspring and parents, allowing for evolution over time while also maintaining consistency in chromosome number across generations.
Assignment 4BIO 151 Summer 2016Upload by Sunday, July 24t.docxrock73
Assignment 4 BIO 151 Summer 2016
Upload by Sunday, July 24th at 11:00 PM
CHAPTER 12: THE CELL CYCLE
1.Define genome:
2. What is the difference between DNA in the chromatin form and the chromosome form? What form is DNA in during most of the cell cycle?
3. What is the difference between the centromere and the kinetochore?
4. What happens during each of these phases of the cell cycle?
G1:
S:
G2:
M:
5. The mitotic spindle is mainly made of what type of protein fiber?
6. How does cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells?
7. Is binary fission truly mitosis? What type of organisms use binary fission for reproduction? Is this process sexual or asexual?
8. Draw/depict the phases of mitosis from prophase to the end of cytokinesis for an animal cell containing a total of six chromosomes.
9. What is the cell cycle control system and why is it important?
10. What happens to most mammal cells when they reach the G1 checkpoint?
11. Explain how MPF helps to regulate the cell cycle. (See Fig 12.16)
12. What is a growth factor? Provide an example from the chapter.
13. What does cancer have to do with the cell cycle?
14. Explain why each of the following would undergo mitosis:
An early embryo:
An amoeba:
Skin cells:
A broken bone:
15. How is prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?
16. Are the daughter cells produced by mitosis clones of the parent cell?
17. When mitosis is used for reproduction, is it sexual or asexual? What type(s) of organisms use mitosis for reproduction?
CHAPTER 13: MEIOSIS & SEXUAL LIFE CYCLES
1.Define:
Gene
Allele
Locus
Gametes
Somatic cells
2. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction (in terms of number of parents, and variation in offspring)?
3. What is the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids? (Where do they “come from”? Are they identical?)
4. What are autosomes? How many pairs of autosomes do humans have?
5. Meiosis produces gametes.
What are gametes used for?
What is the union of gametes called?
The union of gametes creates what?
6. What is the difference between cells that are haploid and cells that are diploid?
Are gametes haploid or diploid?
Are somatic cells haploid or diploid?
7. Do the following eukaryotes primarily reproduce sexually or asexually?
Animals:
Plants:
Fungi:
8. How many daughter cells does meiosis produce?
Are they diploid or haploid?
Are they clones of the parent cell?
9. Draw/depict Meiosis Prophase I and Metaphase I for three pairs of chromosomes:
10. What happens during synapsis? Does synapsis happen during mitosis?
11. What are three things that happen during meiosis but not mitosis? (See P.260)
12. What is independent assortment of chromosomes? During which phase of meiosis does this occur?
13. If a cell undergoing meiosis has a haploid number of ...
The document defines key genetic and biological terms including: gene, DNA, chromosome, zygote, XX and XY sex determination, carriers, monozygotic and dizygotic twins, and genetic disorders such as Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome. It provides brief descriptions of each term focused on their role and function related to heredity and human development.
Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical clones through cell division or budding. It is fast but leaves no genetic variation, so all offspring could be vulnerable to the same diseases. Sexual reproduction involves two parents who produce gametes through meiosis that combine to create genetically unique offspring, introducing variation but taking more time and energy.
Assignment 4BIO 151 Summer 2016Upload by Sunday, June 12t.docxrock73
Assignment 4 BIO 151 Summer 2016
Upload by Sunday, June 12th at 11:00 PM
CHAPTER 12: THE CELL CYCLE
1.Define genome:
2. What is the difference between DNA in the chromatin form and the chromosome form? What form is DNA in during most of the cell cycle?
3. What is the difference between the centromere and the kinetochore?
4. What happens during each of these phases of the cell cycle?
G1:
S:
G2:
M:
5. The mitotic spindle is mainly made of what type of protein fiber?
6. How does cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells?
7. Is binary fission truly mitosis? What type of organisms use binary fission for reproduction? Is this process sexual or asexual?
8. Draw/depict the phases of mitosis from prophase to the end of cytokinesis for an animal cell containing a total of six chromosomes.
9. What is the cell cycle control system and why is it important?
10. What happens to most mammal cells when they reach the G1 checkpoint?
11. Explain how MPF helps to regulate the cell cycle. (See Fig 12.16)
12. What is a growth factor? Provide an example from the chapter.
13. What does cancer have to do with the cell cycle?
14. Explain why each of the following would undergo mitosis:
An early embryo:
An amoeba:
Skin cells:
A broken bone:
15. How is prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?
16. Are the daughter cells produced by mitosis clones of the parent cell?
17. When mitosis is used for reproduction, is it sexual or asexual? What type(s) of organisms use mitosis for reproduction?
CHAPTER 13: MEIOSIS & SEXUAL LIFE CYCLES
1.Define:
Gene
Allele
Locus
Gametes
Somatic cells
2. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction (in terms of number of parents, and variation in offspring)?
3. What is the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids? (Where do they “come from”? Are they identical?)
4. What are autosomes? How many pairs of autosomes do humans have?
5. Meiosis produces gametes.
What are gametes used for?
What is the union of gametes called?
The union of gametes creates what?
6. What is the difference between cells that are haploid and cells that are diploid?
Are gametes haploid or diploid?
Are somatic cells haploid or diploid?
7. Do the following eukaryotes primarily reproduce sexually or asexually?
Animals:
Plants:
Fungi:
8. How many daughter cells does meiosis produce?
Are they diploid or haploid?
Are they clones of the parent cell?
9. Draw/depict Meiosis Prophase I and Metaphase I for three pairs of chromosomes:
10. What happens during synapsis? Does synapsis happen during mitosis?
11. What are three things that happen during meiosis but not mitosis? (See P.260)
12. What is independent assortment of chromosomes? During which phase of meiosis does this occur?
13. If a cell undergoing meiosis has a haploid number of ...
The document discusses stem cell plasticity and complexity theory from multiple perspectives. It proposes that cell lineages and bodies can be understood as complex adaptive systems with hierarchical organization from the quantum to the macro scale. Understanding bodies in this way allows for alternative models beyond the traditional cell doctrine and may provide insights into phenomena like acupuncture.
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes, such as sperm and egg cells, which have half the number of chromosomes as regular body cells. Meiosis involves two cell divisions, resulting in four haploid cells from one original diploid cell. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate and migrate to opposite sides of the cell. Meiosis II then separates the sister chromatids. This ensures genetic variation between gametes and allows for genetic recombination during fertilization.
The document provides information about meiosis and sexual reproduction through a series of multiple choice questions and answers. It explains that meiosis results in a reduction of chromosomes, which is important for sexual reproduction. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate and genetic material is exchanged through recombination. Meiosis II then results in sister chromatid separation and the formation of four haploid cells.
This document summarizes key concepts around heredity and reproduction from biology. It discusses how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring through DNA, and how cells divide through mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is how body cells divide to allow growth and repair, occurring in five stages. Meiosis produces sex cells like eggs and sperm, each with half the number of chromosomes as body cells. Sexual reproduction requires the combination of genetic material from two parents during fertilization to create offspring. Traits are passed from parents to children through genes located on chromosomes. Variations in traits arise due to multiple genes and alleles controlling traits, as well as mutations in DNA.
The document discusses several key aspects of sexual reproduction and genetics:
1) Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes that are inherited from each parent, with one chromosome from each pair coming from the mother and the other from the father.
2) Meiosis involves the production of gametes (sex cells) that have half the normal number of chromosomes to allow for variation when they fuse during fertilization.
3) Genetic variation arises through several processes in meiosis and sexual reproduction, including independent assortment of chromosomes, crossing over, and random fertilization.
Stem Cells, Complexity, and the Science of BeingNeil Theise
Implications of the universe as a self-organizing system. Bodies are comprised of cells, Cells are comprised of molecules. Molecules are comprised of atoms. Atoms are comprised of subatomic particles. Subatomic particles arise from the smallest possible entities (e.g. strings?), and these arise from the energy rich vacuum in a quantum foam. "Everything only looks like a thing"
Webinar Innovative assessments for SOcial Emotional SkillsEduSkills OECD
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Principles of Roods Approach!!!!!!!.pptxibtesaam huma
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Treatment technique used in physiotherapy for neurological patients which aids them to recover and improve quality of life
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This presentation, crafted for the Kubernetes Village at BSides Bangalore 2024, delves into the essentials of bypassing Falco, a leading container runtime security solution in Kubernetes. Tailored for beginners, it covers fundamental concepts, practical techniques, and real-world examples to help you understand and navigate Falco's security mechanisms effectively. Ideal for developers, security professionals, and tech enthusiasts eager to enhance their expertise in Kubernetes security and container runtime defenses.
Front Desk Management in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
Front desk officers are responsible for taking care of guests and customers. Their work mainly involves interacting with customers and business partners, either in person or through phone calls.
Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)- Concept, Features, Elements, Role of advertising in IMC
Advertising: Concept, Features, Evolution of Advertising, Active Participants, Benefits of advertising to Business firms and consumers.
Classification of advertising: Geographic, Media, Target audience and Functions.
2. What is the result of mitosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Cytokinesis Four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes Spontaneous Generation
3. Correct!!! What is the result of mitosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Click for next question
4. 2. What is the result of meiosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Cytokinesis Four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes Spontaneous Generation
5. Correct!!! Click for next question 2. What is the result of meiosis? Four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes
6. 3. What is the purpose of Mitosis? Growth and repair Division of mitochondria To produce sex cells To make a baby
7. Correct!!! Click for next question 3. What is the purpose of Mitosis? Growth and repair
8. 4. What is the purpose of Meiosis? Growth and repair Division of mitochondria To make a baby To produce sex cells
9. Correct!!! Click for next question 4. What is the purpose of Meiosis? To produce sex cells
10. 5. What is a gene? Alternate form of a gene can be dominant or recessive A copied chromosome Location of the genetics information A Protein
11. Correct!!! Click for next question 5. What is a gene? Location of the genetics information
12. 6. What does it mean if a geneotype is Homozygous? Means “same” two recessive or two dominate alleles (ww or WW) Means “different” one dominate, one recessive allele (Ww ) Means we have two chromosomes Two copies of DNA
13. Correct!!! Click for next question 6. What does it mean if a genotype is Homozygous? Means “same” two recessive or two dominate alleles (ww or WW)
14. 7. What does it mean if a geneotype is Heterozygous? Means we have two chromosomes Means “different” one dominate, one recessive allele (Ww) Means “same” two recessive or two dominate alleles (ww or WW) Two copies of DNA
15. Correct!!! Click for next question 7. What does it mean if a geneotype is Heterozygous? Means “different” one dominate, one recessive allele (Ww)
16. 8. What is Phenotype? A behavior that helps an organism survive A change in a chromosome or gene The genetic information (Ww) The observed Trait (ex. widows peak)
17. Correct!!! Click for next question 8. What is Phenotype? The observed Trait (ex. widows peak)
18. 9. What is Genotype? The observed Trait (ex. widows peak) A change in a chromosome or gene The genetic information (Ww) A behavior or physical characteristic that helps an organism survive
19. Correct!!! Click for next question 9. What is Genotype? The genetic information (Ww)
20. 10. What is the purpose of a Punnett square? Shows possible outcomes from a genetic cross Creates offspring Shows which allele is dominate Shows which trait is dominate
21. Correct!!! Click for next question 10. What is the purpose of a Punnett square? Shows possible outcomes from a genetic cross
22. 11. What is an adaptation? A behavior or physical characteristic that helps an organism survive The genetic information (Ww) The observed Trait (ex. widows peak) A change in a chromosome or gene
23. Correct!!! What is the result of mitosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Click for next question
24. 12. Who was Charles Darwin? Known as the father of genetics, studied pea plants. Developed the theory of natural selection Discovered “jumping genes” Discovered DNA structure
25. Correct!!! What is the result of mitosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Click for next question
26. 13. Who was Gergor Mendel? Developed the theory of natural selection Discovered DNA structure Known as the father of genetics, studied pea plants. Discovered “jumping genes”
27. Correct!!! What is the result of mitosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Click for next question
28. 14. What is a structural adaptation? The theory that individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive and reproduce is called adaptation that involves a physical characteristics, like mimicry, protective coloration or camouflage The foundation of life Adaptations that involve a behavior, like seed dispersal, pollination, hibernation, homeostasis or migration.
29. Correct!!! What is the result of mitosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Click for next question
30. 15. What is a behavioral adaptation? An adaptation that involves a physical characteristics, like mimicry, protective coloration or camouflage The theory that individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive and reproduce Adaptations that involve a behavior, like seed dispersal, pollination, hibernation, homeostasis or migration. The foundation of life
31. Correct!!! What is the result of mitosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Click for next question
32. 16. What is natural selection? An adaptation that involves a physical characteristics, like mimicry, protective coloration or camouflage Adaptations that involve a behavior, like seed dispersal, pollination, hibernation, homeostasis or migration. The theory that individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive and reproduce is called The foundation of life
33. Correct!!! What is the result of mitosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Click for next question
34. 17. A widow peak is an example of: A single gene with multiple alleles A trait controlled by evil sprits (pure dominance) A traits controlled by many genes (incomplete dominance) A trait controlled by a single gene with multiple alleles (co-dominance)
35. Correct!!! What is the result of mitosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Click for next question
36. 18. Blood type is an example of: A single gene with multiple alleles A trait controlled by evil sprits (pure dominance) A trait controlled by a single gene with multiple alleles (co-dominance) A traits controlled by many genes (incomplete dominance)
37. Correct!!! What is the result of mitosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Click for next question
38. 19. Eye color is an example of: A single gene with multiple allele A traits controlled by many genes (incomplete dominance) A trait controlled by a single gene with multiple alleles (co-dominance) A trait controlled by evil sprits (pure dominance)
39. Correct!!! What is the result of mitosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Click for next question
40. 20. What is Matter A ratio of the mass of a substance to it’s volume The amount of space that matter occupies Anything that takes up space A measure of how much matter is in an object
41. Correct!!! What is the result of mitosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Click for next question
42. 21. What is Volume A ratio of the mass of a substance to it’s volume The amount of space that matter occupies Anything that takes up space A measure of how much matter is in an object
43. Correct!!! What is the result of mitosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Click for next question
44. 22. What is Mass A ratio of the mass of a substance to it’s volume The amount of space that matter occupies Anything that takes up space A measure of how much matter is in an object
45. Correct!!! What is the result of mitosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Click for next question
46. 23. What is Density A ratio of the mass of a substance to it’s volume The amount of space that matter occupies Anything that takes up space A measure of how much matter is in an object
47. Correct!!! What is the result of mitosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Click for next question
48. 24. The density of a block of wood with a volume of 50 ml and a mass of 100 grams is (the formula for density is Density = Mass Volume) 5,000 g/ ml 3 500 g/ ml 3 2 g/ml 3 0.5 g/ ml 3
49. Correct!!! What is the result of mitosis? Two daughter cells with an equal number of chromosomes Click for next question
50. 25. How can you explain why a helium balloon floats on air? The density of water is greater than the density of aluminum The density of aluminum is greater than the density of water The density of helium is greater than the density of air. The density of air is greater than the density of helium.
51. 26. How can you explain why aluminum sinks in water? The density of water is greater than the density of aluminum The density of aluminum is greater than the density of water The density of helium is greater than the density of air. The density of air is greater than the density of helium.
52. 27. What is a solid? A state of matter with a NO definite volume and NO definite shape Water A state of matter with a definite volume but NOT a definite shape A state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume
53. 28. What is a liquid? A state of matter with a NO definite volume and NO definite shape Water A state of matter with a definite volume but NOT a definite shape A state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume
54. 29. What is a gas? A state of matter with a NO definite volume and NO definite shape Water A state of matter with a definite volume but NOT a definite shape A state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume
55. 30. Which of the three states above represents a gas? None C B A
56. 30. Which of the three states above represents a Solid? None C B A
57. 30. Which of the three states above represents a gas? None C B A
58. 33. What is a melting point ? The change from a solid straight to a gas The point where a liquid changes to a Solid The change for a liquid to a gas The point where a solid changes to a liquid
59. 33. What is Freezing ? The change from a solid straight to a gas The point where a liquid changes to a Solid The change for a liquid to a gas The point where a solid changes to a liquid
60. 33. What is a boiling point ? The change from a solid straight to a gas The point where a liquid changes to a gas The change for a liquid to a gas The point where a solid changes to a liquid
61. 36. What is an Element? A well-mixed mixture containing a solvent and a solute Two or more substances that are mixed A pure substance made up of two or more elements. A pure substance that cannot be broken down physically or chemically.
62. 36. What is an Solution? A well-mixed mixture containing a solvent and a solute Two or more substances that are mixed A pure substance made up of two or more elements. A pure substance that cannot be broken down physically or chemically.
63. 36. What is an Mixture? A well-mixed mixture containing a solvent and a solute Two or more substances that are mixed A pure substance made up of two or more elements. A pure substance that cannot be broken down physically or chemically.
64. 36. What is an Compound? A well-mixed mixture containing a solvent and a solute Two or more substances that are mixed A pure substance made up of two or more elements. A pure substance that cannot be broken down physically or chemically.
65. 40. What is the difference between a homogenous and a heterogeneous mixture? A homogenous mixture is where the particles are evenly mixed and a heterogeneous mixture they are unevenly mixed. A heterogeneous mixture is where the particles are evenly mixed and a homogenous mixture they are unevenly mixed.
66. 41. What is an example of oxidation? Breathing Burning paper Rusting of an iron fence Embargo Act
67. 42. What is reactivity? How quickly a chemical will enter a chemical reaction. The melting point How quickly a substance will boil How quickly a person can push a button
68. 43. What are the groups of the periodic table? The metallic stairway The rows Metalliods The columns
69. 43. What are the periods of the periodic table? The metallic stairway The rows Metalliods The columns
70. 44. Which is NOT an indicator of a chemical reaction? It is reversible Color change Formation of precipitate Generation of gas
71. 45. What is an Acid? A scale from 0-14 that represents the strength of an Acid or a base. A compound that changes color in the presence of an acids or a bases. A Substance that taste sour, reacts with metals and turns litmus paper red. A substance that taste bitter, feels slippery and turns litmus paper blue
72. 45. What is an Base? A scale from 0-14 that represents the strength of an Acid or a base. A compound that changes color in the presence of an acids or a bases. A Substance that taste sour, reacts with metals and turns litmus paper red. A substance that taste bitter, feels slippery and turns litmus paper blue
73. 45. What is an pH? A scale from 0-14 that represents the strength of an Acid or a base. A compound that changes color in the presence of an acids or a bases. A Substance that taste sour, reacts with metals and turns litmus paper red. A substance that taste bitter, feels slippery and turns litmus paper blue
74. 45. What is an Indicator? A scale from 0-14 that represents the strength of an Acid or a base. A compound that changes color in the presence of an acids or a bases. A Substance that taste sour, reacts with metals and turns litmus paper red. A substance that taste bitter, feels slippery and turns litmus paper blue
75. 50 . What is Physics? A branch of science that studies motion and energy A branch of science that studies the properties of matter A branch of science that studies the transfer of heat A branch of science that studies the interaction of organisms
76. 51. What is Sir Isaac Newton famous for? Describing how to make apple sauce Describing the laws of motion Discovering how planets orbit the sun Dropping the properties of pennies
77. 52. What is a reference point and how does it determine if something is in motion? A place you can call if you are lost. An object that is in motion A place that does not follow the laws of motion A place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion
78. 53. Which of the following best explains how to determine speed? Speed= time/distance in a direction Speed= distance/time Speed= time/distance Speed=distance/time in a direction
79. 54. What does the slope of this position-time graph represent? Constant inertia Changing velocity Changing inertia Constant velocity
80. 54. What does the slope of this position-time graph represent? Constant inertia Changing velocity Changing inertia Constant velocity
81. 55. Which of the following best describes acceleration? If an object changes it’s position Changing time Speed (velocity) /time Distance/time
82. 57. Which of the following best explains velocity? Speed= time/distance in a direction Speed=distance/time in a direction Speed= time/distance Speed= distance/time
83. Speed Velocity Inertia Acceleration 58. As Lance Armstrong rides his bicycle down Alp d’ Huez, his velocity changes. This is an example of:
84. 59. What is net force? A force that always causes inertia A force that always pulls an object downward The combination of all forces acting on an object. The unit of measurement we use to measure force
85. 60. What is a Newton? The unit of measurement we use to measure acceleration The unit of measurement we use to measure force The unit of measurement we use to measure gravity The unit of measurement we use to measure speed
86. 61. What do unbalanced forces result in?? Heat An electrical current Motion No Motion
87. 62. President Jackson and John C. Calhoun clashed over what crisis listed below that almost caused civil war between the north and south? Compromise of 1850 Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek Nullification Proclamation Whiskey Rebellion
88. 63. What person was considered the leader of the “War Hawks” who helped start the War of 1812? Henry Clay Sam Houston James Madison Eli Whitney
89. 64. Which person wrote the poem The Star Spangled Banner which was later set to music and became our National Anthem? Walt Whitman Francis Scott Key Mark Twain Harriet B. Stowe
90. Old Ironsides Tom Thumb Enterprise Clermont 65. Which name listed below would NOT be associated with the Transportation Revolution?
91. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Tale of Two Cities A Christmas Carol Common Sense 66. Which of the following items listed below describes France on the eve of the French Revolution?
93. Article III Article II Bill of Rights Article I 68. Which section of the Constitution outlines the responsibilities of the Supreme Court in the Judicial Branch of the government?
95. Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr Henry Clay Edmond Genet 70. Which person listed below was a Federalist, vice-president and killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel?
96. Preamble Political Party Quorum Republican 71. Which term below describes a group of people that have shared common ideas of how the government should be run?
97. Apache Sioux Shoshone Mandan 72. Which Indian Nation shown below did Lewis & Clark NOT encounter on their journey west to the Pacific?
99. The Great Compromise Missouri Compromise 3/5’s Compromise Compromise of 1850 74. Which item listed below determined how slaves in southern slaves would be counted for taxes and population?
100. Cherokee Iroquois Sioux Choctaws 75. Which Indian Nation shown below suffered on the Trail of Tears as a result of Jackson’s Removal Act?
101. Democracy Veto Federalism Quorum 76. Which term shown below means you must have a majority of members of Congress present for a vote to count?
102. Panic of 1837 Shays Reb. Whiskey Reb. Pontiac’s Reb. 77. Which crisis shown below proved the Articles of Confederation were not working and the new nation needed a stronger central government?