- Department of Sociology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
- 00923007303808
Dr.Kamran Ishfaq
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Department of Sociology, Faculty Member
The study attempted to examine the socio-cultural factors which create problems in female primary education; to determine the role of families/parents in female primary education and to examine the lack of school facilities that creates... more
The study attempted to examine the socio-cultural factors which create problems in female primary education; to determine the role of families/parents in female primary education and to examine the lack of school facilities that creates hindrance in the school enrolment of the children. The study population of the study was all parents whose children were primary school age by using the interview schedule. The researcher used the stratified simple random sampling and selected the 300 respondents for the study. The researcher used the SPSS software and did the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The findings of the study show that majority 155 (51.7) percent of the respondents were uneducated; majority 85(23.3) percent of the respondents whose monthly income was <6000; majority 95 (31.7) percent of the respondents were laborers; culture is significantly and positively correlated with parental and school facilities with p-values .011 and .000 respectively; furthermore...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Objective: To determine the economic factors involved in tuberculosis (TB) growth in Multan, Pakistan. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, data were collected from registered TB patients in two Tehsil Head Quarters (THQs)... more
Objective: To determine the economic factors involved in tuberculosis (TB) growth in Multan, Pakistan. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, data were collected from registered TB patients in two Tehsil Head Quarters (THQs) Hospitals, Jalalpur Pir Wala and Shujabad in district Multan from November 2018 to June 2019. Asample of 250 TB patients was selected (125 from each hospital) through convenient sampling technique. By using SPSS 25, bivariate analysis was applied to see the association between variables. Results: TB was very common among the poor people and was the eventual sign of death for the people who had not sufficient income, as 88.2% belonged to the poor economic status. Conclusion: TB is spreading rapidly due to low standard hospital on the basis of poor economic condition, insufficient income for treatment affordability, more dependent family members, unhealthy working environment, crowded sort of business and unaffordable medical expenses. Keywords: Tuberculosis, economic factors, communicable disease.
Research Interests:
The study was executed to know the sociology-economic impacts of TB on patients and their families in rural areas of district Multan, Pakistan. It was a qualitative research conducted from February to September 2018. The data was... more
The study was executed to know the sociology-economic impacts of TB on patients and their families in rural areas of district Multan, Pakistan. It was a qualitative research conducted from February to September 2018. The data was collected through In-depth Interviews (IDIs) with 30 TB patients (aged ≥ 16 years) using an open-ended interview guide and five focus group discussions with the medical personnel who were dealing with TB. Thematic analysis was carried out to analyze data. The study resulted in the majority of TB patients and their family members being illiterate or less educated. Being unfamiliar with TB, its prevention, and treatment protocol, the majority of respondents were under great stress. They were facing various socioeconomic issues like deaths, denial in marriage proposals,divorce/separation, hatred, social isolation, social stigma, and increased economic burden due to long treatment duration. To resolve this life-threatening issue, awareness was found inevitable.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT The study aimed to find out the association between self-care behaviors and glycemic control in older Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Multan, Pakistan. Data were collected from respondents registered in the Diabetic Clinic... more
ABSTRACT The study aimed to find out the association between self-care behaviors and glycemic control in older Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Multan, Pakistan. Data were collected from respondents registered in the Diabetic Clinic of Nishtar College and Hospital Multan from October 2018 to November 2018 through a self-administrative questionnaire. The simple random sample method was used, and a total of 154 Type 2 patients were selected randomly. The inclusion criteria were (a) respondents having Type 2 diabetes at least 6 months prior; (b) respondents being 60 years of age or above; (c) respondents registered in hospital diabetic clinic and (d) respondents belonging to low-income families having monthly income less than PKR 15000. The exclusion criteria were respondents having any physical disability and being dependent on others in physical movement and Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Descriptive and simple binary logistic regression was used to analyze the data through SPSS. The results of the study showed that mean glycemic control of respondents was (HbA1c, 8.47%), and only 48 (31.2%) respondents had better glycemic control. The respondent’s level of education, Body Mass Index, hypertension, comorbidities, knowledge about diabetes and self-care behaviors (exercise, monitor glucose, medicine adherence, and diet plan) were significantly associated with glycemic level (P < .05). Bivariate logistic regression showed respondents, who performed self-care behaviors (to exercise daily 30 minutes, to monitor glucose two times in a week, regular medicine adherence, and to manage diet plan daily) had better glycemic control. The study concluded that few older Type 2 patients managed their better glycemic control in low economic status. The doctors and educationists must provide Type 2 self-care guidelines to older patients so that they may manage their glycemic control better and reduce the diabetes-related complications and treatment costs in Pakistan.
Research Interests:
Cryptocurrencies have transgressed ever-changing economic trends in the global economy, owing to their conveyance, security, trust, and the ability to make transactions without the aid of formal institutions and governing bodies. However,... more
Cryptocurrencies have transgressed ever-changing economic trends in the global economy, owing to their conveyance, security, trust, and the ability to make transactions without the aid of formal institutions and governing bodies. However, the adoption of cryptocurrency remains low among stakeholders, including e-retailers. Thus, the current work explores the intentions of e-retailers in the Asia and Pacific region to adopt cryptocurrencies. This study considers the TAM-based SOR, with a combination of non-cognitive attributes (compatibility and convenience) proposed as stimuli for e-retailers to adopt the examined cryptocurrencies. The findings indicate that the proposed non-cognitive attributes are critical in determining e-retailers’ technostress (emotional state). Moreover, it was found that technostress among e-retailers profoundly impacts their intentions to adopt cryptocurrency in business settings. Meanwhile, regulatory support communication can be used to help regulatory bod...
Research Interests:
OBJECTIVES: To assess the nurses' attitude and belief toward evidence-based nursing (EBN) practices in tertiary care hospitals of Multan, Pakistan STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive study PLACE AND DURATION: The study was conducted in the... more
OBJECTIVES: To assess the nurses' attitude and belief toward evidence-based nursing (EBN) practices in tertiary care hospitals of Multan, Pakistan STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive study PLACE AND DURATION: The study was conducted in the Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health (CH & ICH), Multan, and Nishtar Medical College Hospital (NMCH), Multan from June 10, 2015 to August 10, 2015. METHODOLOGY: The population comprised of head nurses and charge nurses of the two participating hospitals. The data collected on variables such as age, hours spend on direct patient care, and nurses' attitude and belief toward evidence based nursing which was assessed by asking a set of 17 statements on five point Likert type scale i.e., (1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= neither agree nor disagree, 4= agree, 5= strongly agree). RESULTS: Most of the nurses reported that EBN helps them make decisions about patient care (Mean = 4.20, SD= .775), it improves the quality of patient ...
Research Interests:
The objective of the present study was to examine the public opinion towards Punjab Emergency Service Rescue 1122 among general community. A total number of 600 respondents including both males and females from six towns of Multan... more
The objective of the present study was to examine the public opinion towards Punjab Emergency Service Rescue 1122 among general community. A total number of 600 respondents including both males and females from six towns of Multan District participated in this study through convenient sampling. Structured interview schedule was used as a tool for data collection from respondents. A 5-point likert type scale very satisfied=1; somewhat satisfied=2; Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied=3; somewhat Dissatisfied=4; Dissatisfied=5 was used to gather responses from the general public. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the data in frequency distribution, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. The data was analyzed through Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 24 version. Results indicated that majority 95% of the respondent swereaware about the services of Punjab emergency rescue 1122. Mostly 75% of the respondents reported that they were satisfied with the services pro...
Research Interests:
a Visiting Lecturer (Department of Sociology), Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan Email: ranazahidzulfiqar@gmail.com b Associate Professor (Department of Sociology), Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan Email:... more
a Visiting Lecturer (Department of Sociology), Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan Email: ranazahidzulfiqar@gmail.com b Associate Professor (Department of Sociology), Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan Email: dr.kamran@bzu.edu.pk c M.Phil. Scholar (Texla Institute of Asian Civilization), Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad Email: ashas.soomro@gmail.com d Visiting Lecturer (Department of Anthropology), Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan shakirmalik.anthro@gmail.com
Research Interests:
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative and permissive) and Big-five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness and openness)... more
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative and permissive) and Big-five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness and openness) among the students of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. For this purpose, a total number of 281 students from different faculties (Natural and social sciences) were selected through systematic sampling technique and the respondents responded to parenting authority questionnaire (PAQ) by Buri (1991) and Big-five inventory (BFI) john and Srivastava (1999). Data were analyzed by using SPSS-21 version, and Pearson correlation (r=0.01) was applied to find out the relationship, direction and consistency between predictor and criterion variable. Results indicated a directly proportional relationship between parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative & permissive) and big five personality traits.
Research Interests:
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the level of awareness of the parents regarding Thalassemia Major; the cost of treatment of Thalassemia Major Patients and the sufferings it brings to the families; the social... more
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the level of awareness of the parents regarding Thalassemia Major; the cost of treatment of Thalassemia Major Patients and the sufferings it brings to the families; the social problems faced by patients' families; to identify the barriers patients' families face in the treatment of Thalassemia child. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Four Thalassemic Centers (i) Thalassemia / Hemophilia Centre, The Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health Multan (ii) Fatimid Foundation Multan (iii) Amna Blood Foundation (iv) Minhajul Quran Multan. Period: January-2013 to June-2013. Methods: A sample of 500 respondents was drawn from the total population and structured interview schedule was administrated. Data were analyzed and interpreted by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 19.0 version software. The structured interview was discussed with two experts of the Sociology Department and two Senio...
Research Interests: Thalassemia and Medicine
Research Interests:
The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of Thalassemia major on patients' families in Pakistan; to describe the awareness among the parents regarding Thalassemia Major; the cost of treatment of Thalassemia Major and... more
The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of Thalassemia major on patients' families in Pakistan; to describe the awareness among the parents regarding Thalassemia Major; the cost of treatment of Thalassemia Major and the sufferings it brings to the families; the social problems faced by patients' families; to identify the barriers patients' families face in the treatment of Thalassemia child. Population of the study was parents of Thalassemia major children, visited for blood transfusions at the Thalassemia / Hemophilia Centers of The Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health Multan, Minhaj ul Quran, Amina Blood Foundation, Fatimid Blood Foundation Multan. A sample of 500 respondents was drawn from the total population and structured interview was administrated. Data were analyzed and interpreted by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 19.0 version software. A structured interview was conducted for data collection. Interview...
Research Interests:
The objective of present study is to determine the practices of self-medication among university students of Multan, Pakistan. A cross sectional study was carried out at Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan and Nishtar Medical University... more
The objective of present study is to determine the practices of self-medication among university students of Multan, Pakistan. A cross sectional study was carried out at Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan and Nishtar Medical University Multan, Pakistan. The data was collected from 300 medical and 300 non medical students with the help of convenient sampling. Close ended questionnaire were developed for the data collection. Of the 600 respondents 300 were medical while 300 were non medical students. There were 169(28.2%) male and 431(71.8%) were females. Majority of the respondents were Muslims 591(98.5%) while 9(1.5%) were non Muslims. The most frequent signs and symptoms that led students to involve in self medication were headache 279(46.5%), flu 102(17.0%), fever 101(16.8%), pain elsewhere 39(6.5%), anti allergies 28(4.7%), diarrhea 25(4.2%), 26(4.3%) for other reasons. Majority of the medical and non medical university students used commonly drugs, pain killer 411(68.5%), anti...
Research Interests:
The objective of the study was to compare the school teacher’s attitude toward teaching profession, their teaching approach and opinion regarding professional development of the teachers. The descriptive survey was carried out in the... more
The objective of the study was to compare the school teacher’s attitude toward teaching profession, their teaching approach and opinion regarding professional development of the teachers. The descriptive survey was carried out in the Government Girls High Schools in the District of Multan, Pakistan. A total of (N=120) participants were recruited randomly from ten girls high schools for data collection of this study. Participants were divided in two groups, on the basis of their qualification (M.Ed and B.Ed), each group having equal numbers (n=60) of participants. The comparison between the two groups of teachers were measured statistically using Independent-Samples T Test. Pre-determined significant value set for this study was 0.05. The findings of the study concluded no significant difference in the teaching methodology and teaching effectiveness of the teachers of both groups. The participants of both the groups believe that in-service teachers and professional trainings create t...
a Director, Multan Post Graduate College, Multan, Pakistan Email: mpgclion@yahoo.com b Visiting Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan. Email: ranazahidzulfiqar@gmail.com c Associate Professor, Department... more
a Director, Multan Post Graduate College, Multan, Pakistan Email: mpgclion@yahoo.com b Visiting Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan. Email: ranazahidzulfiqar@gmail.com c Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan E-mail: dr.kamran@bzu.edu.pk d PhD Scholar (Statistics) Zhongtai Securities Institute for Financial Studies, School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China, Email: Sattarbzu@hotmail.com
Research Interests:
Minorities are basically defined as ascribed status such as gender, race, ethnic, and religious background. The objectives of the current study were to determine the socio-cultural issues of religious minorities in Southern Punjab; to... more
Minorities are basically defined as ascribed status such as gender, race, ethnic, and religious background. The objectives of the current study were to determine the socio-cultural issues of religious minorities in Southern Punjab; to know the minorities’ social condition and to examine the satisfaction of the respondents regarding government role regarding the protection of minorities. The study was conducted in two districts Rahim Yar khan and Multan of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected from 200 minority residents of districts Rahim Yar Khan and Multan through structured interview schedule. Data were collected through purposive sampling technique. Collected data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 23.0 version. It was found that majority of the respondents were from the rural areas and illiterate and less than ten thousand rupees per month. Majority of the respondents did not own the property and face lot of socio-cultural discriminati...
Research Interests:
STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION: The study was conducted in the Thalassemia Centre, The Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health Multan (CH&ICH) from 1st March 2015 to 28th July 2015. METHODOLOGY:... more
STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION: The study was conducted in the Thalassemia Centre, The Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health Multan (CH&ICH) from 1st March 2015 to 28th July 2015. METHODOLOGY: The data was collected from the 500 registered Thalassemia major patients' parents who visited Thalassemia Centre of the Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health Multan (CH&ICH). The structured interview was used as a tool for data collection with the help of convenient sampling. Written and verbal informed consent was obtained from the parents. Data was analyzed and interpreted by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 version software. The structured interview was discussed with two senior doctors (>8 years' experience) working in the Thalassemia Centers and public health institutions. It was revised to incorporate the recommendations and improvements. Descriptive and inferential statistics were app...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Objective: To identify the psychosocial problems faced by thalassemia major patients in District Multan, Pakistan. Study design: A Cross sectional study Place & duration: The study was carried out at the four thalassemia Centers (i) Amina... more
Objective: To identify the psychosocial problems faced by thalassemia major patients in District Multan, Pakistan. Study design: A Cross sectional study Place & duration: The study was carried out at the four thalassemia Centers (i) Amina Blood Foundation (ii) Fatimid blood foundation (iii) Minhaj ul Quran (iv) Thalassemia Centre, CH&ICH Multan, Pakistan from 1st January 2017 to 30st May 2017. Methodology: Two hundred thalassemia major patients were selected through convenient sampling. Young people (age 12-18) suffering from thalassemia major and regularly attending the thalassemia centers were included. Other forms of thalassemia and refusal to participate in the study were excluded. Data was collected through structured interview and analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 21 and Chi square test was used to check the association. The questions related to psychosocial burden of thalassemia e.g. disease burden on their education, time off school, ou...
Research Interests:
Objective: To determine the association between the contraceptive knowledge and use with the reduction in family size in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Sociology,... more
Objective: To determine the association between the contraceptive knowledge and use with the reduction in family size in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Sociology, University of Peshawar from March 2013 to June 2016. The data were collected from six communities; three each belonging to urban and rural localities in district Peshawar. A total of 384 respondents were interviewed from the households that had at least one reproductive age couple. Chi-square was applied to measure the association between dependent variable small family size. Results: There was significant association of small family size with contraceptive use (p=0.000). Increased knowledge about the family planning motivated respondents to use contraceptives to decrease their family size (p=0.001). Contraceptive use was found further high among the educated couples (p=0.000) who also adopted contraceptives earlier than the illiterates respondents ...
Women are neglected and discriminated in every aspect of life. In Pakistan traditionally women are considered as subordinate to their men. Women are suffering in every sector. They don&#39;t know about their rights as generally they... more
Women are neglected and discriminated in every aspect of life. In Pakistan traditionally women are considered as subordinate to their men. Women are suffering in every sector. They don&#39;t know about their rights as generally they are less educated. Millennium Development Goals and sustainable development goals focus on gender equality and much legislation has been passed in favor of women rights but still in Pakistan women are insecure even in their homes. They are considered as subordinate to men and are not allowed to participate in any matter of life. The objectives of the present study were to know the prevalence and types of domestic violence; to identify the root causes of domestic violence; to know the contributing factors compelling women into Dar-ul-Aman. The present study was conducted in Dar-ul-Aman, District Multan, Pakistan. The population for present study was all the women who faced domestic violence and were living in Dar-ul-Aman District Multan, Pakistan. For the data collection interview schedule was used as a tool. Of the 100 respondents, majority 56% respondents belonged to age group 21-30 years, 32% belonged to 31-40%, 4% belonged to age group 41-50, 2 % belonged to above 50 years. The data revealed that 76% respondents belonged to rural area and 24 % respondent&#39;s belonged to urban area. About 52% respondents&#39; family monthly income was less than 20000 PK rupees, 33% respondents family monthly income was 21000-30000 PK rupees, 6% respondents&#39; income was 31000-40000 PK rupees, 7% respondents family monthly income was 41000-50000 PK rupees and 2% respondents family monthly income was above 50000 PK rupees. Grater part of the respondents 72% discussed that their male partners used drugs and 28% shared that their male partners did not use any drugs. Majority 83% respondents faced violence by their male partners, while 7% shared that perpetuators were fathers, about 9% respondents shared that their other family members were perpetuators of domestic violence and only 1 % expressed that any other was perpetrator of domestic violence. About 63% respondents faced
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Thalassemia and Medicine
Child labor is a global issue which is obstructing to achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs). The children that are involved in the earning activities instead of getting education will automatically be excluded from the... more
Child labor is a global issue which is obstructing to achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs). The children that are involved in the earning activities instead of getting education will automatically be excluded from the mainstream of the society because they do not have the basic education and mentality to adjust themselves with dynamics social structure. The key objectives of the current study was to explore the determinants of child laborer; to explore the impact of learning to earning and to give study based suggestions to overcome child labor. A sample of 46 child laborers was interviewed by using the purposive sampling. The in-depth interviewing (IDI’s) method was applied for gathering the details of the studied people. The research finding indicated that majority of the respondents disliked child labor; lower future ambitions; hardly did meet their desired needs; faced social exclusion; depressed and faded in the cruel clutches of poverty that was prevailing in the...
Research Interests:
Objective: To determine level of job satisfaction among doctors working at teaching hospitals of Multan. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Nishtar Medical University & Hospital, Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi Institute of... more
Objective: To determine level of job satisfaction among doctors working at teaching hospitals of Multan. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Nishtar Medical University & Hospital, Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology and The Children’s Hospital & the Institute of Child Health, Multan from July 1, 2018 to September 1, 2018. A total number of 150 doctors were selected by using convenient sampling. Self-administered and self-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: Out of 150 doctors, 51.3% were male and 48.7% females. Most of the respondents were dissatisfied with their job. They were dissatisfied with salary and promotion chance (25.3%), work load (34.7%), working hours (37.3%), insufficient staff (42.7%), doctor patient relationship e.g. patient’s demands (47.3%) and patients’ behavior (24%), rules and regulations (24%). However, they were satisfied with their head (45.3%), colleagues (39.3%), working environment (24%) and commun...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Background: Breast feeding is the most natural way of feeding the infants and help to reduce child mortality and morbidity and millions of deaths could be prevented each year if mothers were aware of benefits of exclusive breast feeding... more
Background: Breast feeding is the most natural way of feeding the infants and help to reduce child mortality and morbidity and millions of deaths could be prevented each year if mothers were aware of benefits of exclusive breast feeding for 4 -6 months and early initiation of breast feeding. Objective:To evaluate the awareness regarding breast feeding and complementary feeding in mothers of severely malnourished children. Study Design: This is a descriptive /cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at the department of preventive pediatrics Children hospital and institute of child health, Multan from March 2013 to September 2013. Materials and Methods:This study included a total of 100 females that were the mothers of malnourished children visiting the follow up room of department of preventive pediatrics Children hospital and institute of child health, Multan. A questionnaire was designed and others were interviewed in detail after taking proper ...
Research Interests:
The purpose of this study is to understand the mothers’ level of awareness regarding thalassemia and their experiences of having a thalassemic child. A total of (N=64) mothers are chosen as participants. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is... more
The purpose of this study is to understand the mothers’ level of awareness regarding thalassemia and their experiences of having a thalassemic child. A total of (N=64) mothers are chosen as participants. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is carried out. Majority of the children’s parents is cousins but they are not screened for thalassemia before marriage and despite of the birth of thalassemic child, they are unaware about pre-natal diagnosis. The study highlights the need of implementing effective public educational programs and to make pre-marital screening compulsory for general public to reduce the prevalence rate of the disease.
Research Interests:
The current study was conducted in the 3 Districts of Southern Punjab to analyze the parent’s attitude towards children’s education and teachers related attributes. A sample of 975 household heads were investigated through the interview... more
The current study was conducted in the 3 Districts of Southern Punjab to analyze the parent’s attitude towards children’s education and teachers related attributes. A sample of 975 household heads were investigated through the interview schedule. It was found that due to poor socioeconomic status, parents involve their children in livestock activities due to poverty. Parents do not know the importance of education due to their illiteracy. Teachers, related issues were also explored like shortage of teachers, usage of bad language by teachers, exercise of corporal punishment, and late join of school by teachers as well. These above issues negatively affected the educational inclusion of children in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Based on results, the researcher recommended that the government should have arranged professional and focus for the scholarships to the needy children and arrange seminars to motivate the community towards children education.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the level of awarenessof the parents regarding Thalassemia Major; the cost of treatment of Thalassemia Major Patientsand the sufferings it brings to the families; the social... more
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the level of awarenessof the parents regarding Thalassemia Major; the cost of treatment of Thalassemia Major Patientsand the sufferings it brings to the families; the social problems faced by patients’ families; toidentify the barriers patients’ families face in the treatment of Thalassemia child. Study Design:Descriptive study. Setting: Four Thalassemic Centers (i) Thalassemia / Hemophilia Centre, TheChildren’s Hospital & the Institute of Child Health Multan (ii) Fatimid Foundation Multan (iii) AmnaBlood Foundation (iv) Minhajul Quran Multan. Period: January-2013 to June-2013. Methods:A sample of 500 respondents was drawn from the total population and structured interviewschedule was administrated. Data were analyzed and interpreted by using SPSS (StatisticalPackage for Social Sciences) 19.0 version software. The structured interview was discussedwith two experts of the Sociology Department and two Senior Doctors (>8 years...
Research Interests:
Objective: To determine the economic factors involved in tuberculosis (TB) growth in Multan, Pakistan. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, data were collected from registered TB patients in two Tehsil Head Quarters (THQs)... more
Objective: To determine the economic factors
involved in tuberculosis (TB) growth in Multan,
Pakistan.
Methodology: In this cross sectional study, data
were collected from registered TB patients in two
Tehsil Head Quarters (THQs) Hospitals, Jalalpur
Pir Wala and Shujabad in district Multan from
November 2018 to June 2019. Asample of 250 TB
patients was selected (125 from each hospital)
through convenient sampling technique. By using
SPSS 25, bivariate analysis was applied to see the
association between variables. Results: TB was very common among the poor
people and was the eventual sign of death for the
people who had not sufficient income, as 88.2%
belonged to the poor economic status.
Conclusion: TB is spreading rapidly due to low
standard hospital on the basis of poor economic
condition, insufficient income for treatment
affordability, more dependent family members,
unhealthy working environment, crowded sort of
business and unaffordable medical expenses. Keywords: Tuberculosis, economic factors,
communicable disease.
involved in tuberculosis (TB) growth in Multan,
Pakistan.
Methodology: In this cross sectional study, data
were collected from registered TB patients in two
Tehsil Head Quarters (THQs) Hospitals, Jalalpur
Pir Wala and Shujabad in district Multan from
November 2018 to June 2019. Asample of 250 TB
patients was selected (125 from each hospital)
through convenient sampling technique. By using
SPSS 25, bivariate analysis was applied to see the
association between variables. Results: TB was very common among the poor
people and was the eventual sign of death for the
people who had not sufficient income, as 88.2%
belonged to the poor economic status.
Conclusion: TB is spreading rapidly due to low
standard hospital on the basis of poor economic
condition, insufficient income for treatment
affordability, more dependent family members,
unhealthy working environment, crowded sort of
business and unaffordable medical expenses. Keywords: Tuberculosis, economic factors,
communicable disease.
Research Interests:
The current study was conducted in the 3 Districts of Southern Punjab to analyze the parent's attitude towards children's education and teachers related attributes. A sample of 975 household heads were investigated through the interview... more
The current study was conducted in the 3 Districts of Southern Punjab to analyze the parent's attitude towards children's education and teachers related attributes. A sample of 975 household heads were investigated through the interview schedule. It was found that due to poor socioeconomic status, parents involve their children in livestock activities due to poverty. Parents do not know the importance of education due to their illiteracy. Teachers, related issues were also explored like shortage of teachers, usage of bad language by teachers, exercise of corporal punishment, and late join of school by teachers as well. These above issues negatively affected the educational inclusion of children in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Based on results, the researcher recommended that the government should have arranged professional and focus for the scholarships to the needy children and arrange seminars to motivate the community towards children education.
Research Interests:
Education is a basic, Islamic and universal right. Education is a capability that leads the society towards progress and prosperity as a whole. There are different serious issues of developing countries among them the most important is... more
Education is a basic, Islamic and universal right. Education is a capability that leads the society towards progress and prosperity as a whole. There are different serious issues of developing countries among them the most important is the educational exclusion of primary school age children. It is evident that millions of primary school age children are excluded from the basic education in Pakistan. Pakistan has a dynamic geography in which some areas enjoys more civic facilities whereas other are excluded from the basic facilities of life. South Punjab is also included in those areas in which people are facing active and passive exclusion. Due to the hegemony of Patriarchal structure and lack of Islamic knowledge parents prefer to son over daughter throughout their life. The present study was conducted in the three districts of South Punjab (i) Multan, (ii) Bahawalpur and (iii) Dera Ghazi Khan to examine the household head attitude towards children education. A sample of 975 household heads was selected by using the multistage random sampling. The interview schedule was used for gathering the quantitative data. The results indicated biased, non-Islamic and gendered attitude of the parents in which they preferred the son over daughter; majority of the respondents had more educational expectations from the male children; moreover they considered that girls should have to stay at home to perform the domestic chores. It was also found that the tradition and cultural values were also playing a negative role in the inclusion of girls education is South Punjab.
Research Interests:
Pakistan is an agricultural country and majority of the population are agrarian in its nature. It is evident that due to climate changes the sector is strongly affected. Mainly the small landholders are more affected by these climate... more
Pakistan is an agricultural country and majority of the population are agrarian in its nature. It is evident that due to climate changes the sector is strongly affected. Mainly the small landholders are more affected by these climate changes. The focus of the study is small landholders. To study the area holistically the objectives of the study were to find out means by which climate change affects small landholders' livelihoods, to study socioeconomic problems faced by small landholders and to know cultural beliefs of small landholders regarding climate change, to see adaptation techniques opted by small landholders to survive the harms of climate change. To accomplish the objectives, qualitative research approach was used in which thematic research design was followed. Data was gathered through focus group discussion. Purposive sampling technique was used to select respondents. In it interviews were conducted from 70 respondents. The study resulted that extensive floods, changes in the rain pattern and increased temperature are the means by which crops are being more vulnerable to the disease. It was also found that small landholders strongly believed that the climatic changes were divinely controlled and regulated so these changes are the result of their sins and cruel deeds and they could not control it and they did not use the new technology.
Research Interests:
Pakistan is a developing country and is far away from achieving the national and international educational targets. There are many stumbling factors in this regard like lack of educational funds; poor school facilities; poor management;... more
Pakistan is a developing country and is far away from achieving the national and international educational targets. There are many stumbling factors in this regard like lack of educational funds; poor school facilities; poor management; absence of schools; unavailability of teachers; patriarchy and lack of awareness about the importance of education. The study explored the resisting factors in accomplishing the educational targets in South Punjab, Pakistan. Qualitative research was done to complete this study and data were taken from secondary sources, National and International organizations, newspapers, books and periodicals and other published material were also used for completing the research. It was found that structural as well as community level disparities were responsible in non-achieving the educational targets to enroll every child in the school in South Punjab. On the basis of secondary data it is recommended that the enrollment rate in primary level could be achieved by increasing the educational budget, making new and more advance infrastructure, providing scholarships to needy children, motivating the community members to interact with school administration, hiring well qualified new appointment on the urgent basis for achieving the primary educational targets in south Punjab
Research Interests:
Objective: To assess the nutritional status of mothers of severely malnourished children, and to evaluate the factors associated with inadequate caloric intake of children with severe acute malnutrition versus sufficient caloric intake by... more
Objective: To assess the nutritional status of mothers of severely malnourished children, and to evaluate the factors associated with inadequate caloric intake of children with severe acute malnutrition versus sufficient caloric intake by mothers. Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January to June 2016 at Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan, and comprised mothers of severely malnourished children admitted for treatment. Data was collected using a questionnaire administered through interviews. Elements noted included body mass index, 24-hour recall, dietary restriction during pregnancy, lactation and complimentary feeding patterns of the children. The mothers were also examined for clinical signs of iron deficiency anaemia. Results: Of the 100 women, 20(20%) were malnourished, 42(42%) were of normal weight, and 38(38%) were either overweight, pre-obese or obese. The caloric intake of 26(26%) mothers was less than 1500 kcal per day, while 42(42%) were taking between 2000-2500 kcal per day and 32(32%) were taking >2500 kcal daily. Also, 67(67%) women were suffering from anaemia and 80(80%) women had some myths related with dietary restrictions during pregnancy, lactation and complimentary feeding of children. Overall, 23(23%) women breastfed their babies.
Research Interests:
There are many factors such as (low economic status of the parents, children involvement in domestic and earning activities, language (English) barrier, long distance from home to school, attachment with traditions/ patriarchal thinking,... more
There are many factors such as (low economic status of the
parents, children involvement in domestic and earning
activities, language (English) barrier, long distance from home
to school, attachment with traditions/ patriarchal thinking,
disability of the children, retention of the children from the
school etc.) of the educational inclusion of the school age
children. South Punjab is the socially excluded region where
school age children faced more educational exclusion than
Upper Punjab. The researcher selected 600 households in
which 5-9 years old child/children was/were available and
was/were excluded from primary education. Interview
schedule was used for data collection and data was analyzed
by using SPSS. It was found that the most prominent factor
was the economic factor that compelled the parents to exclude
their children from schools because they did not afford the
educational costs. It is recommended that at micro level the
community development programs should be started and at
macro level the government of Pakistan should have to
increase the educational budget
parents, children involvement in domestic and earning
activities, language (English) barrier, long distance from home
to school, attachment with traditions/ patriarchal thinking,
disability of the children, retention of the children from the
school etc.) of the educational inclusion of the school age
children. South Punjab is the socially excluded region where
school age children faced more educational exclusion than
Upper Punjab. The researcher selected 600 households in
which 5-9 years old child/children was/were available and
was/were excluded from primary education. Interview
schedule was used for data collection and data was analyzed
by using SPSS. It was found that the most prominent factor
was the economic factor that compelled the parents to exclude
their children from schools because they did not afford the
educational costs. It is recommended that at micro level the
community development programs should be started and at
macro level the government of Pakistan should have to
increase the educational budget
Research Interests:
Objective: To determine the association between the contraceptive knowledge and use with the reduction in family size in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Sociology,... more
Objective: To determine the association between the contraceptive knowledge and use with the reduction in family size in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Sociology, University of Peshawar from March 2013 to June 2016. The data were collected from six communities; three each belonging to urban and rural localities in district Peshawar. A total of 384 respondents were interviewed from the households that had at least one reproductive age couple. Chi-square was applied to measure the association between dependent variable small family size.
Results: There was significant association of small family size with contraceptive use (p=0.000). Increased knowledge about the family planning motivated respondents to use contraceptives to decrease their family size (p=0.001). Contraceptive use was found further high among the educated couples (p=0.000) who also adopted contraceptives earlier than the illiterates’ respondents (p=0.000). Increased female empowerment in decision making was the other significant factor in contraceptive use (p=0.000).
Conclusion: A positive association between contraceptive use and decline in fertility was found due to increased awareness/knowledge about contraceptives. Female education and more say regarding decision making about contraceptive use was found.
Key words: Small family size, Fertility, Contraceptive use, Population control .
Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Sociology, University of Peshawar from March 2013 to June 2016. The data were collected from six communities; three each belonging to urban and rural localities in district Peshawar. A total of 384 respondents were interviewed from the households that had at least one reproductive age couple. Chi-square was applied to measure the association between dependent variable small family size.
Results: There was significant association of small family size with contraceptive use (p=0.000). Increased knowledge about the family planning motivated respondents to use contraceptives to decrease their family size (p=0.001). Contraceptive use was found further high among the educated couples (p=0.000) who also adopted contraceptives earlier than the illiterates’ respondents (p=0.000). Increased female empowerment in decision making was the other significant factor in contraceptive use (p=0.000).
Conclusion: A positive association between contraceptive use and decline in fertility was found due to increased awareness/knowledge about contraceptives. Female education and more say regarding decision making about contraceptive use was found.
Key words: Small family size, Fertility, Contraceptive use, Population control .
Research Interests:
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder which is passed from parents to their children. About 3% population of the world is suffering from the carriers genes of beta thalassemia.1 Thalassemia is a major health problem in Pakistan and... more
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder which is passed from parents to their children. About 3% population of the world is suffering from the carriers genes of beta thalassemia.1 Thalassemia is a major health problem in Pakistan and its carrier rate ranges from 5-8%, about 9.8 million of the total population.2 Around 5000 thalassemia major children are diagnosed every year in Pakistan.3,4 Main factor leading to high thalassemia prevalence rate in Pakistan is endogamous marriages. Only cure of this disease is bone marrow transplant which is beyond the limit of many parents. It is a preventable disease but no national level screening program is persued in Pakistan. Only a few NGOs are working in their own capacity.
Key words: Thalassemia, anamia, prevention.
Key words: Thalassemia, anamia, prevention.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Women are neglected and discriminated in every aspect of life. In Pakistan traditionally women are considered as subordinate to their men. Women are suffering in every sector. They don't know about their rights as generally they are less... more
Women are neglected and discriminated in every aspect of life. In Pakistan traditionally women are considered as subordinate to their men. Women are suffering in every sector. They don't know about their rights as generally they are less educated. Millennium Development Goals and sustainable development goals focus on gender equality and much legislation has been passed in favor of women rights but still in Pakistan women are insecure even in their homes. They are considered as subordinate to men and are not allowed to participate in any matter of life. The objectives of the present study were to know the prevalence and types of domestic violence; to identify the root causes of domestic violence; to know the contributing factors compelling women into Dar-ul-Aman. The present study was conducted in Dar-ul-Aman, District Multan, Pakistan. The population for present study was all the women who faced domestic violence and were living in Dar-ul-Aman District Multan, Pakistan. For the data collection interview schedule was used as a tool. Of the 100 respondents, majority 56% respondents belonged to age group 21-30 years, 32% belonged to 31-40%, 4% belonged to age group 41-50, 2 % belonged to above 50 years. The data revealed that 76% respondents belonged to rural area and 24 % respondent's belonged to urban area. About 52% respondents' family monthly income was less than 20000 PK rupees, 33% respondents family monthly income was 21000-30000 PK rupees, 6% respondents' income was 31000-40000 PK rupees, 7% respondents family monthly income was 41000-50000 PK rupees and 2% respondents family monthly income was above 50000 PK rupees. Grater part of the respondents 72% discussed that their male partners used drugs and 28% shared that their male partners did not use any drugs. Majority 83% respondents faced violence by their male partners, while 7% shared that perpetuators were fathers, about 9% respondents shared that their other family members were perpetuators of domestic violence and only 1 % expressed that any other was perpetrator of domestic violence. About 63% respondents faced
Research Interests:
Objective: To identify the psychosocial problems faced by thalassemia major patients in District Multan, Pakistan. Study design: A Cross sectional study Place & duration: The study was carried out at the four thalassemia Centers (i) Amina... more
Objective: To identify the psychosocial problems faced by thalassemia
major patients in District Multan, Pakistan.
Study design: A Cross sectional study
Place & duration: The study was carried out at the four thalassemia
Centers (i) Amina Blood Foundation (ii) Fatimid blood foundation (iii)
Minhaj ul Quran (iv) Thalassemia Centre, CH&ICH Multan, Pakistan
from 1st January 2017 to 30st May 2017.
Methodology: Two hundred thalassemia major patients were selected
through convenient sampling. Young people (age 12-18) suffering from
thalassemia major and regularly attending the thalassemia centers
were included. Other forms of thalassemia and refusal to participate in
the study were excluded. Data was collected through structured
interview and analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social
Sciences) version 21 and Chi square test was used to check the
association. The questions related to psychosocial burden of
thalassemia e.g. disease burden on their education, time off school,
outdoor-indoor games, social activities, government support, hindrance
to get blood, people’s attitude, fear of life were asked.
Results: Two hundred Thalassemia major patients from four
Thalassemia Centres participated in the study. Majority 123 (61.5%)
were from Fatimid Foundation Multan whereas 46 (23.0%) patients
belonged to Thalassemia Centre of CH&ICH Multan, 19 (9.5%) were
from Amina blood foundation and 12 (6.0%) patients belonged to
Minhajul Quran Multan. Significant proportion of the respondents
consisted of males 114 (57%) while 86 (43%) were females. Majority
106 (53%) of the respondents family monthly income was PKR <20000
per month. Results indicated the significant association between the
education level of thalassemia major patients and gender
(X2=17.905a), (P=.000). Moreover there was the significant
association between the male and female thalassemia patients
participation in extracurricular activities (X2
=6.627a
), (P=.007).
Conclusions: The study concluded that thalassemia major patients
faced psychosocial burden in their life. The finding suggested that
psychosocial support as well as medical help should be provided to the
thalassemia major patients to minimize their burden. Social worker,
doctors, nurses, volunteers must provide the psychosocial support to
thalassemia major children and motivate their families.
major patients in District Multan, Pakistan.
Study design: A Cross sectional study
Place & duration: The study was carried out at the four thalassemia
Centers (i) Amina Blood Foundation (ii) Fatimid blood foundation (iii)
Minhaj ul Quran (iv) Thalassemia Centre, CH&ICH Multan, Pakistan
from 1st January 2017 to 30st May 2017.
Methodology: Two hundred thalassemia major patients were selected
through convenient sampling. Young people (age 12-18) suffering from
thalassemia major and regularly attending the thalassemia centers
were included. Other forms of thalassemia and refusal to participate in
the study were excluded. Data was collected through structured
interview and analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social
Sciences) version 21 and Chi square test was used to check the
association. The questions related to psychosocial burden of
thalassemia e.g. disease burden on their education, time off school,
outdoor-indoor games, social activities, government support, hindrance
to get blood, people’s attitude, fear of life were asked.
Results: Two hundred Thalassemia major patients from four
Thalassemia Centres participated in the study. Majority 123 (61.5%)
were from Fatimid Foundation Multan whereas 46 (23.0%) patients
belonged to Thalassemia Centre of CH&ICH Multan, 19 (9.5%) were
from Amina blood foundation and 12 (6.0%) patients belonged to
Minhajul Quran Multan. Significant proportion of the respondents
consisted of males 114 (57%) while 86 (43%) were females. Majority
106 (53%) of the respondents family monthly income was PKR <20000
per month. Results indicated the significant association between the
education level of thalassemia major patients and gender
(X2=17.905a), (P=.000). Moreover there was the significant
association between the male and female thalassemia patients
participation in extracurricular activities (X2
=6.627a
), (P=.007).
Conclusions: The study concluded that thalassemia major patients
faced psychosocial burden in their life. The finding suggested that
psychosocial support as well as medical help should be provided to the
thalassemia major patients to minimize their burden. Social worker,
doctors, nurses, volunteers must provide the psychosocial support to
thalassemia major children and motivate their families.
Research Interests:
Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) can be defined as “low weight for height or mid-upper arm circumference with respect to international standards, or the presence of bipedal edema”. Annually SAM effects almost 19 million under... more
Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) can be defined as “low weight for height or mid-upper arm circumference with respect to international standards, or the presence of bipedal edema”. Annually SAM effects almost 19 million under five children in the third world countries. Malnutrition is the root cause of 45 % under five child mortality worldwide. Malnourished children are at an increased risk for child mortality, morbidity and both communicable, non-communicable, preventable diseases
Objective: To find the proportion of children under 5 year of age hospitalized with severe acute malnutrition having adequate weight gain on F 100 diet.
Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study
Settings: Nutrition Stabilization Centre. Department of Pediatric Medicine, Children Hospital & the Institute of Child Health, Multan.
Duration: This study was conducted for six months i.e. 01.08.2015-01.02.2016
Results; Mean age of our study cases was 16.68 ± 10.37 months, 32 (36.4%) were male and 56 (63.6%) were female patients. Mean weight at the time of admission was 4.82 ± 1.70 Kg. Similarly mean height of these study cases was 64.36 ± 11.24 cm. Mean weight at the start of F-100 was 4.85 ± 1.69 kg. Mean weight at the time of discharge was 5.72 ± 1.67 kg. Mean duration of hospital stay was 12.91 ± 6.85 days. Mean weight gain in our study cases was 14.10 ± 5.23 g/kg/day. Adequate weight gain was seen in 36 (81.8%) of our study cases while inadequate gain was seen 8 (18.2%) of our study cases.
Conclusion; Use of F-100 formula significantly improved weight gain among our study cases, hence we recommend its use in children with SAM. No adverse side effects were seen in our study population which emphasize towards safety of this product.
Objective: To find the proportion of children under 5 year of age hospitalized with severe acute malnutrition having adequate weight gain on F 100 diet.
Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study
Settings: Nutrition Stabilization Centre. Department of Pediatric Medicine, Children Hospital & the Institute of Child Health, Multan.
Duration: This study was conducted for six months i.e. 01.08.2015-01.02.2016
Results; Mean age of our study cases was 16.68 ± 10.37 months, 32 (36.4%) were male and 56 (63.6%) were female patients. Mean weight at the time of admission was 4.82 ± 1.70 Kg. Similarly mean height of these study cases was 64.36 ± 11.24 cm. Mean weight at the start of F-100 was 4.85 ± 1.69 kg. Mean weight at the time of discharge was 5.72 ± 1.67 kg. Mean duration of hospital stay was 12.91 ± 6.85 days. Mean weight gain in our study cases was 14.10 ± 5.23 g/kg/day. Adequate weight gain was seen in 36 (81.8%) of our study cases while inadequate gain was seen 8 (18.2%) of our study cases.
Conclusion; Use of F-100 formula significantly improved weight gain among our study cases, hence we recommend its use in children with SAM. No adverse side effects were seen in our study population which emphasize towards safety of this product.
Research Interests:
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the screening practices of nurses in relation to breast cancer and its risk factors.
Research Interests:
OBJECTIVE: To find out the association between gender, socioeconomic status and health behaviors with diabetes management of Type II patients in Multan. METHODOLOGY: The data was collected through structured questionnaire from 310 Type II... more
OBJECTIVE: To find out the association between gender, socioeconomic status and health behaviors with diabetes management of Type II patients in Multan. METHODOLOGY: The data was collected through structured questionnaire from 310 Type II diabetic patients randomly who were visited diabetic outpatient department (OPD). The bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was applied with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Of the 310 respondents, (48.7%) were males and (51.3%) were females. The overall respondents mean age was 41.36 years and (37.1%) belonged to 31-40 years age group. Most of the respondents were living in urban (57.7%) areas, (94.2%) were married, (58.7%) were poor and (42.9%) had middle education. Poor diabetes management was seen in (80%) while (20%) had better diabetes management. Highest portions of poor diabetes management were observed in (96.2%) in female, (96.7%) in poor, (97.4%) in illiterate, (83.3%) in having duration of diabetes more than 3 years, (88.7%) in obese, (86.7%) in having more than one diabetes related complication, (97.1%) in having inadequate knowledge about diabetes, (91.2%) in doing irregular exercise, (95.2%) in having irregular doctor checkups and (91.4%) in poorly managed their diet. These all factors were significantly associated with diabetes management. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study showed that gender (females), poor, illiterate, obese, duration of diabetes more than three years, more than one diabetes related complication, inadequate diabetes knowledge and irregularities in exercise, taking medicine, doctor checkup and diet plan were poorly managed their diabetes.