- Yianni Cartledge is a PhD graduate and adjunct (associate lecturer) at the College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sci... moreYianni Cartledge is a PhD graduate and adjunct (associate lecturer) at the College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Flinders University. His PhD thesis, titled 'Aegean Islander Migration to the United Kingdom and Australia, 1815-1945: Emigration, Settlement, Community Building and Integration', explores the migration of Greek islanders, particularly from the Aegean Sea, to the Anglo-speaking world during the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. His case studies include the Chiots of London, and the Ikarians of South Australia. Yianni’s research interests include migration and the migrant experience, diaspora studies, Mediterranean histories (particularly the British and Ottoman Empires), and the history of modern Greece.edit
After attacks on Greek-Australian businesses early in 1915 and as a pre-emptive measure if Greece, hitherto neutral in the Great War, joined the Central Powers, the Australian authorities conducted a ‘secret census’ of Greeks and Greek... more
After attacks on Greek-Australian businesses early in 1915 and as a pre-emptive measure if Greece, hitherto neutral in the Great War, joined the Central Powers, the Australian authorities conducted a ‘secret census’ of Greeks and Greek establishments in 1916. Lists were prepared containing the names, addresses, professions and ages of individuals and businesses. The purpose was to intern these individuals if Greece entered the war on the side of the Central Powers. Adapting the theory of the ‘suspect community’, this article shows how Australian authorities, driven by questions of Greek loyalty, considered the Greek community ‘suspect’ and prepared for its internment. This indicated an underlying racism and distrust in both the Australian public and Australian authorities. This article investigates the attacks on Greeks and issues of naturalisation, challenges claims regarding the number of Greeks in Australia, and explores the ‘secret census’ using South Australia as a case study.
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This blog post is adapted from a talk given at the Australian Historical Association (AHA) Conference 2023: 'Milestones', and a subsequent article which is under review, titled 'Making and Monitoring a 'Suspect Community': Australian A... more
This blog post is adapted from a talk given at the Australian Historical Association (AHA) Conference 2023: 'Milestones', and a subsequent article which is under review, titled 'Making and Monitoring a 'Suspect Community': Australian A acks on Greeks and the 'Secret Census' in 1916'. See here: https://amigrationhn.wordpress.com/2023/10/06/the-secret-census-of-greeks-in-australia-1916/
See the talk here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTJmYeV7QJQ
And here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfNLoBv0lCw
See the talk here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTJmYeV7QJQ
And here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfNLoBv0lCw
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This article explores two 'heretical' movements, the Paulicians and Tondrakians, both of which originated in medieval Armenia and subsequently spread throughout the Byzantine Empire. These movements became the target of elites from both... more
This article explores two 'heretical' movements, the Paulicians and Tondrakians, both of which originated in medieval Armenia and subsequently spread throughout the Byzantine Empire. These movements became the target of elites from both Armenian and Byzantine power structures and, as a result, acolytes were subject to excommunications, forced resettlements, and mass violence. This article investigates the ways in which church and imperial authorities represented and, by extension, marginalised these heretics, as both religious and political threats, which ultimately led to their persecution. This research further examines the way in which adherents of these peripheral heresies were perceived by ecclesiastical and political hierarchies throughout the Middle Ages, whether Byzantine, Armenian, or Islamic. How these heretics viewed themselves and their place within the universe will also be recreated from the historical literature. Although, this is somewhat difficult, as many of the scriptures, sermons, sacred sites, and religious artefacts of these heretical movements were consigned to the flame over centuries of hostilities. Through an examination of primary sources, predominantly from orthodox cleric-chroniclers hostile to the Paulician and Tondrakian movements, this article will explore the ways in which the marginalisation of these heretics led to their excommunication, dispossession, and death.
Research Interests: Religion, Late Antique and Byzantine Studies, Medieval History, Armenian Studies, History of Religion, and 12 moreMedieval Studies, Byzantine Studies, Byzantine History, Armenian History, Armenian Culture, Heresy, Heresy and Inquisition, Religious Studies, Heresy and Orthodoxy, Medieval heresy, Centre-Periphery Relations, and Paulicianism
This article explores early British Christian-humanitarianism towards the Greeks following the 1822 Chios Massacre. Scholars of the Greek revolution have previously acknowledged the massacre as a pivotal moment for British attitudes... more
This article explores early British Christian-humanitarianism towards the Greeks following the 1822 Chios Massacre. Scholars of the Greek revolution have previously acknowledged the massacre as a pivotal moment for British attitudes towards the Greeks, although few have elaborated significantly on this humanitarian shift. This article focuses on what the massacre was and public and political reactions to it in Britain. It also investigates how perceptions of ‘Christian’ Greeks, compared to ‘Islamic’ and ‘barbarian’ Ottomans, encouraged British sympathy. Essentially it argues that the massacre ‘humanized’ the Greeks to the British, leading to an early type of Christian-humanitarian intervention.
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This paper can also be accessed at the publisher's site: http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/angelakis-george-30889
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Originally published in Historia, issue 32, June 2020. Historia is the national newsletter of the Professional Historians Association: https://www.historians.org.au/historia-newsletter This short paper looks at a very brief history of... more
Originally published in Historia, issue 32, June 2020. Historia is the national newsletter of the Professional Historians Association: https://www.historians.org.au/historia-newsletter
This short paper looks at a very brief history of the 110 years of Ikarian migration and community building in South Australia.
This short paper looks at a very brief history of the 110 years of Ikarian migration and community building in South Australia.
Research Interests: Community History, Diasporas, Immigration Studies, Migration, Immigration History, and 14 moreModern Greek History, Migration Studies, Diaspora Studies, Emigration Research, Greek Diaspora, Migration, Emigration and Immigration, Immigrants, South Australia, Adelaide, Ikaria, South Australian History, Migration and Diaspora Studies, Greek Migration, and Greek Migration to Australia
The published paper can be accessed at the publisher's site: https://doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htz004 This article explores early British Christian-humanitarianism towards the Greeks following the 1822 Chios Massacre. Scholars of the Greek... more
The published paper can be accessed at the publisher's site: https://doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htz004
This article explores early British Christian-humanitarianism towards the Greeks following the 1822 Chios Massacre. Scholars of the Greek revolution have previously acknowledged the massacre as a pivotal moment for British attitudes towards the Greeks, although few have elaborated significantly on this humanitarian shift. This article focuses on what the massacre was and public and political reactions to it in Britain. It also investigates how perceptions of ‘Christian’ Greeks, compared to ‘Islamic’ and ‘barbarian’ Ottomans, encouraged British sympathy. Essentially it argues that the massacre ‘humanized’ the Greeks to the British, leading to an early type of Christian-humanitarian intervention.
This article explores early British Christian-humanitarianism towards the Greeks following the 1822 Chios Massacre. Scholars of the Greek revolution have previously acknowledged the massacre as a pivotal moment for British attitudes towards the Greeks, although few have elaborated significantly on this humanitarian shift. This article focuses on what the massacre was and public and political reactions to it in Britain. It also investigates how perceptions of ‘Christian’ Greeks, compared to ‘Islamic’ and ‘barbarian’ Ottomans, encouraged British sympathy. Essentially it argues that the massacre ‘humanized’ the Greeks to the British, leading to an early type of Christian-humanitarian intervention.
Research Interests:
This paper was written in 2014 for the topic HIST3001: Destination Australia: Migration since 1900 at Flinders University. The paper explores the history of the Greek Ikarian islander community of South Australia, and the formation of the... more
This paper was written in 2014 for the topic HIST3001: Destination Australia: Migration since 1900 at Flinders University.
The paper explores the history of the Greek Ikarian islander community of South Australia, and the formation of the Pan-Ikarian Brotherhood of SA as a result of Ikarian migration. The essay won the 2014 Wakefield Companion to SA History Undergraduate Essay Prize.
The paper explores the history of the Greek Ikarian islander community of South Australia, and the formation of the Pan-Ikarian Brotherhood of SA as a result of Ikarian migration. The essay won the 2014 Wakefield Companion to SA History Undergraduate Essay Prize.
Research Interests: Immigration, Migration, Modern Greek History, Migration Studies, Diaspora Studies, and 14 moreMigration History, Australian History, Emigration Research, Greek Diaspora, Emigration, Community building, Community Studies, South Australia, Adelaide, Ikaria, South Australian History, Australian Migration History, Migration and Diaspora Studies, and Migration and Immigration
From the upcoming Centenary Book of Greeks in Port Pirie, Nick Seindanis (ed.), forthcoming. GRONTHOS and SAFOS Families 1 On 24 June 1911 four men from Ikaria, travelling aboard the SS Roon, arrived in Port Adelaide. The four included... more
From the upcoming Centenary Book of Greeks in Port Pirie, Nick Seindanis (ed.), forthcoming.
GRONTHOS and SAFOS Families 1 On 24 June 1911 four men from Ikaria, travelling aboard the SS Roon, arrived in Port Adelaide. The four included the brothers John and Kostas Gronthos of Negia, Ikaria, aged thirty-five and thirty-one respectively; their brother-in-law Christos Safos, aged forty-eight; and his son Kostas, aged eighteen. They had embarked at Port Said and listed themselves as Greek farm labourers. The men settled at Port Pirie, although they were also quite mobile, even spending some time in Kandos, NSW. By 1916, John Gronthos and Kostas Safos were both noted as BHP Smelter workers in the Secret Census. Kostas Gronthos also worked at the smelters and Christos Safos went on to work on the Trans-Australian Railway between Port Augusta and Kalgoorlie.
GRONTHOS and SAFOS Families 1 On 24 June 1911 four men from Ikaria, travelling aboard the SS Roon, arrived in Port Adelaide. The four included the brothers John and Kostas Gronthos of Negia, Ikaria, aged thirty-five and thirty-one respectively; their brother-in-law Christos Safos, aged forty-eight; and his son Kostas, aged eighteen. They had embarked at Port Said and listed themselves as Greek farm labourers. The men settled at Port Pirie, although they were also quite mobile, even spending some time in Kandos, NSW. By 1916, John Gronthos and Kostas Safos were both noted as BHP Smelter workers in the Secret Census. Kostas Gronthos also worked at the smelters and Christos Safos went on to work on the Trans-Australian Railway between Port Augusta and Kalgoorlie.
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This chapter explores the migration of Greek islanders to South Australia between the wars. Greek islanders were the most numerous Greeks migrating to SA during this period, likely due to their mobile and maritime nature. Adelaide, Port... more
This chapter explores the migration of Greek islanders to South Australia between the wars. Greek islanders were the most numerous Greeks migrating to SA during this period, likely due to their mobile and maritime nature. Adelaide, Port Pirie, and the towns of the South Australian West Coast, all became important centres for the early Greek community, with industries such as fishing, farming and smelting being major drawcards. Thus, this chapter will follow Greek islander emigration out of the Mediterranean, and their immigration into SA. The factors that pushed them from their home region and pulled them southwards, as well as their modes of settlement and early community building, will be examined. This includes the establishment of SA’s first Greek Orthodox Church, and the first Greek ethnic community organisations. In all, this chapter aims to help understand who, why and how Greek islander migrants were migrating to SA.
This PDF also includes the cameo: 'Port Pirie's modern Greek community'.
This PDF also includes the cameo: 'Port Pirie's modern Greek community'.
Research Interests: Greek History, Ottoman History, Immigration, Migration, Settlement Patterns, and 15 moreAsia Pacific Region, International Migration, Migration Studies, Interwar Period History, Australian History, Ottoman Greeks, Emigration, Community building, South Australia, Adelaide, Interwar period, 1919 - 1939, Interwar, Greek islands, South Australian History, and Greek Migration to Australia
This chapter explores the 1822 Chios Massacre, where 100,000 Chiots were killed, enslaved or displaced, and the subsequent coerced diaspora it produced. Scholars of the Greek War of Independence have previously acknowledged that the... more
This chapter explores the 1822 Chios Massacre, where 100,000 Chiots were killed, enslaved or displaced, and the subsequent coerced diaspora it produced. Scholars of the Greek War of Independence have previously acknowledged that the massacre was a pivotal moment in the war, although few have elaborated significantly on its long-term outcomes. This chapter focusses on the large Chiot diaspora that fled the massacre to the ports of Europe, with the London community being the central case study. To explore this topic, firstly, an interrogation of the realities of the Chios Massacre is provided, with a look at comparative cases, such as the massacres at Tripolitsa, Istanbul and Psara. The resulting Chiot diaspora is then analysed in the context of wider migration history, to ascertain the nature, features, demographics and stories of their emigration. Comparative coerced diasporas are also discussed, such as the earlier Huguenots and later Armenians. Finally, discussion of Chiot settlement and community building, as well as their lasting legacies and the memory of the massacre, places their stories into the wider tapestry of emigration narratives.
Research Interests: Greek History, Ottoman History, British History, Migration, History Of London, and 15 moreOttoman Studies, Ottoman Empire, Modern Greece, Modern Greek History, Forced Migration, 19th Century (History), Refugees and Forced Migration Studies, Massacre of Chios, Chios, Greek Revolution, Greek war of independence, Forced migration and displacement, Chios during the Ottoman rule, Επανάσταση 1821, and History of 1821 Greek revolution
Research Interests: War Studies, Cyprus Studies, Revolutions, Migration, Identity (Culture), and 12 moreNationalism, National Identity, Nationalism And State Building, Modern Greece, Modern Greek History, Migration Studies, Cyprus, Nations and nationalism, History of Nationalism and Nation-Building, Greece, Modern Greek Studies, and Greek Revolution
The Greek Revolution was both a pivotal moment for the development of modern liberal democracy, as well as for wider international dialogue on law, intervention and self-determination. Ultimately, originated from these dialogues, this... more
The Greek Revolution was both a pivotal moment for the development of modern liberal democracy, as well as for wider international dialogue on law, intervention and self-determination. Ultimately, originated from these dialogues, this chapter reflects on the profoundness of the Greek War of Independence and its significant role in the development of international law. To do this, an interrogation is conducted of the nineteenth century’s emergence of nation-states from the remnants of empires, as well as the rise of the idea of self-determination. This then lends itself to the discussion of the historical antecedents of contemporary justifications for international interventions in internal conflicts, using the Greek War of Independence as a case study. Finally, this reflection is tied together and closed by a reminiscence of the legacies left by the Revolution.
Research Interests: Greek History, International Law, Nationalism, National Identity, Nationalism And State Building, and 12 moreModern Greece, Modern Greek History, History of International Law, Greek Law, History of Law, Liberal Democracy, Greek Revolution, Greek war of independence, Ethnicity and National Identity, Επανάσταση 1821, The Greek Revolution, and History of 1821 Greek revolution.
Book Review: The Transnational Voices of Australia's Migrant and Minority Press. By Catherine Dewhirst & Richard Scully (eds.) (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan/Springer Nature, 2020) and Voices of Challenge in Australia's Migrant and Minority... more
Book Review: The Transnational Voices of Australia's Migrant and Minority Press. By Catherine Dewhirst & Richard Scully (eds.) (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan/Springer Nature, 2020) and Voices of Challenge in Australia's Migrant and Minority Press. By Catherine Dewhirst & Richard Scully (eds.) (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan/Springer Nature, 2021)
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Review(s) of: Wild colonial Greeks, by Peter Prineas, Arcadia/Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2020, pbk, ISBN 9781922454133, vii + 322 pp, $34.95.
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Access the book here: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-10849-5 This book marks the 200-year anniversary of uprisings in the Ottoman Balkans between February and March 1821, which became known in the West as the beginnings... more
Access the book here: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-10849-5
This book marks the 200-year anniversary of uprisings in the Ottoman Balkans between February and March 1821, which became known in the West as the beginnings of the Greek War of Independence (1821–1832), and led to the formation of the modern Greek state. It explores the war and its impact on societies involved by delving into the myths that surround it, the realities that have often been ignored or suppressed, and its lasting legacies on national identities and histories. It also explores memory and commemoration in Greece, in other countries impacted, and the Greek diaspora. This book offers a fresh perspective on this pivotal event in Greek, Ottoman, Balkan, Mediterranean, European, and world histories. It presents new research and reflections to connect the war to wider history and to understand its importance across the last 200 years.
This book marks the 200-year anniversary of uprisings in the Ottoman Balkans between February and March 1821, which became known in the West as the beginnings of the Greek War of Independence (1821–1832), and led to the formation of the modern Greek state. It explores the war and its impact on societies involved by delving into the myths that surround it, the realities that have often been ignored or suppressed, and its lasting legacies on national identities and histories. It also explores memory and commemoration in Greece, in other countries impacted, and the Greek diaspora. This book offers a fresh perspective on this pivotal event in Greek, Ottoman, Balkan, Mediterranean, European, and world histories. It presents new research and reflections to connect the war to wider history and to understand its importance across the last 200 years.