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A technique using the fluorescence microscope can prove helpful in the laboratory diagnosis of scabies. Specimens from fifteen patients with scabies were used in this study. All of the specimens were embedded with glycerine instead of... more
A technique using the fluorescence microscope can prove helpful in the laboratory diagnosis of scabies. Specimens from fifteen patients with scabies were used in this study. All of the specimens were embedded with glycerine instead of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. The specimens were examined at 0 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 6 hrs, 24 hrs, and one week after mounting under light and fluorescence microscopes. Specimens embedded with non‐fluorescent glycerine were not clear immediately after mounting but became so after about 1 hr. Eggs and egg shells were easily counted in the specimens under the fluorescence microscope but were very hard to identify under the light microscope. Mites were absent in half of the specimens; only eggs and egg shells were present in those specimens found by the fluorescence microscope. The above findings suggest that the detection of egg shells by the use of fluorescence microscope may be helpful for the diagnosis of scabies, in particular with mite negative ...
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Overcoming the energy efficiency gap in Pakistan’s household sector. Paper published in the Processing of International conference on energy systems engineering (ICESE-2010) Islamabad, Pakistan held on October 25 - 27, 2010. (Paper #23), organized by National University of Sciences and Technology...more
Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are widespread in Pakistan and have not been fully documented particularly in Sindh Province. The aim of this study is to determine the number and clinical pattern of various types of... more
Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are widespread in Pakistan and have not been fully documented particularly in Sindh Province. The aim of this study is to determine the number and clinical pattern of various types of STIs in general population of Larkana division and its surrounding cities. Methods: A hospital based prospective study was carried out at Male-STD-Clinic in the Department of Dermatology, Shaheed Muhtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Hospital Larkana from January 2000 to December 2009. Results: Among 4,288 patients, 3,947 (92.04%) had the history of extra marital sexual contact and simultaneously had developed the clinical signs of STIs; 341 (7.95%) had history of extra marital sexual contact but did not have the manifestation of STIs. Majority of the patients (3,860, 90.01%) had the history of heterosexual contact with different partners, but only few 171 (3.98%) of them had the history of homosexual contact. According the syndromic diagnosis 193...
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in Pakistan and is widely spreading day by day. Earlier, we proposed that leishmaniasis is endemic in Jacobabad, Dadu and Larkana districts of Sindh Province. It was pointed out that the... more
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in Pakistan and is widely spreading day by day. Earlier, we proposed that leishmaniasis is endemic in Jacobabad, Dadu and Larkana districts of Sindh Province. It was pointed out that the disease is dramatically spreading in the country and warned that if the preventive measures were not taken at right time there would be a serious public health problem in the country. Since then, we have regular watch on the disease.. All the patients were aged between 3 months and 60 years. Seven hundred eighty were males and 860 were females. Duration of the disease ranged from 1 to 12 months. Most of the patients had single lesions but multiple lesions were also seen on the exposed (mainly) and unexposed parts of the body. Clinically, the lesions were classified as dry ulcerative, wet ulcerative, dry papular, nodular, and crusted lesions. Diagnosis was made on the basis of smear test and clinical presentation of the skin lesions. All the cases we...
Objective To document the clinical characteristics of newly diagnosed leprosy patients in Sukkur Region, Sindh. Methods A total of 143 new leprosy cases referred and registered in leprosy centre, Sukkur from 2001-2011 were studied.... more
Objective To document the clinical characteristics of newly diagnosed leprosy patients in Sukkur Region, Sindh. Methods A total of 143 new leprosy cases referred and registered in leprosy centre, Sukkur from 2001-2011 were studied. Diagnosis was based on clinical grounds, and supported by acid-fast bacilli on slit-skin smear. Results Out of 143 new cases 73 (51%) were males and 70 (49%) females. The peak age of disease onset was second decade. The most common form of the disease was borderline tuberculoid (BT) seen in 76 (53%) cases. Ulnar nerve was the most frequently affected nerve seen in 30 (21%) cases. Conclusion Although in urban cities the cases of leprosy are in decline but still it exists in rural areas of Sindh. It is important for the practitioners to be aware of its diagnosis and management to prevent the deformities
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Investigations were undertaken to characterize Staphylococcus aureus by cultural and biochemically isolated from various sources such as blood, pus, milk, secretions, discharges, injuries, cuts, surgical and non-surgical wounds of sheep,... more
Investigations were undertaken to characterize Staphylococcus aureus by cultural and biochemically isolated from various sources such as blood, pus, milk, secretions, discharges, injuries, cuts, surgical and non-surgical wounds of sheep, goats, dogs, buffaloes, camels, horses, cattle, poultry birds and humans. The species did not vary in their morphological, staining and cultural characteristics and showed similar characteristics of different culture media although it was isolated from different host species. No any major changes in the characteristics were observed those might have contributed by host species. Furthermore, the species produced β hemolysis of red cells of sheep on blood agar isolated from different animals.
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The current study was carried out to record the traditional use of medicinal plants being used for the treatment of different sheep and goat diseases in Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan. Using semi-structured open-ended questionnaire... more
The current study was carried out to record the traditional use of medicinal plants being used for the treatment of different sheep and goat diseases in Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan. Using semi-structured open-ended questionnaire information was collected by interviewing respondents during May 2012 to April 2013. A total of 22 plant species of veterinary importance belonging to 17 botanical families were documented against 10 common diseases of sheep and goats. Brassica campestris was reported as the most frequently used plant, followed by Azadirachta indica and Plantago lanceolata. Brassicaceae followed by Apiaceae, Solanaceae and Amaryllidaceae were reported as the frequently used plant families. Ethnoveterinary knowledge is declining because of the rapid socioeconomic changes and lack of interest of young people. It is a part of cultural heritage can be saved and propagated for future generation. The information is expected to be of value for veterinary practitioners as well as th...
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To find out the frequency of HDV seroprevalence and the demographic characteristics or HBsAg-HDV positive patients.
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Objective: To determine the frequency of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in type 2 diabetic patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Diabetes Clinic, Medical Unit III, Jinnah Postgraduate... more
Objective: To determine the frequency of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in type 2 diabetic patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Diabetes Clinic, Medical Unit III, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from January to June 2010. Methodology: Three hundred and eighty seven (387) type II diabetic patients of either gender and any age were included in the study. Patients with a previous history of trauma to the arterial vasculature, pregnancy and those who underwent arterial graft procedures were excluded. Non-purposive convenient sampling technique was used to enroll patients in the study. PAD was diagnosed when ankle-brachial index (ABI) was less than 0.9. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 387 studied patients, 128 were males (33.1%) and 259 were females (66.9%). Mean age was 52.22 ± 9.671 (22 - 76) years in the entire cohort. Mean duration of diabetes was 9.38 ± 6.39 yea...
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Langerhans cells (LCs) are epidermal antigen‐presenting cells capable of initiating a specific T lymphocyte‐mediated immune response. It is a well known fact that ultraviolet light B (UVB) suppresses LC number and function.In this study,... more
Langerhans cells (LCs) are epidermal antigen‐presenting cells capable of initiating a specific T lymphocyte‐mediated immune response. It is a well known fact that ultraviolet light B (UVB) suppresses LC number and function.In this study, we confirmed that the sunscreens CITY BLOCK, and TOTAL SUN SHIELD 28 (Clinique Laboratories Tokyo, Japan) protected the epidermis against the depletion of LC number. We also investigated whether or not sunscreens could provide LC protection from ultraviolet ray (UVR) damage other than the prevention of the decrease in the total number of cells.Our data showed that the LC population was depressed after irradiation by 100 mJ/cm2 or 10 mJ/cm2 of UVB, but recovered to within normal levels after 16 days. Both sunscreens provided protection against erythema and LC depression due to UVB irradiation. However, despite the fact that these sunscreens had completely suppressed UVB erythema, shrinkage of LC dendrites was seen. Apparently, sunscreens prevent UVB ...
Research Interests: Biology, Dermatology, Medicine, Mice, Animals, and 6 moreMale, Langerhans cells, Sunburn, Cell count, Erythema, and Ultraviolet Rays
Nine patients with cutaneous malignant hemangioendothelioma (CMHE) were reported in Okinawa. All the patients were elderly, between 75 and 93 years of age. Four patients were males and five were female. The onset of the disease ranged... more
Nine patients with cutaneous malignant hemangioendothelioma (CMHE) were reported in Okinawa. All the patients were elderly, between 75 and 93 years of age. Four patients were males and five were female. The onset of the disease ranged from 1 to 9 months before the first visit. Eight patients had lesions on the scalp, and one, on the face and cheek. The lesions were in the form of exudative erythematous purpura, erythematous purpuric ulcers, and tumors. One patient developed a systematic metastasis involving the lungs, heart and intestine, and two patients had local metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes. Histopathologically, the tumor vessels were proliferated irregularly and showed anastomosis. The lumens were lined by large and atypical endothelial cells. Most of the specimens were infiltrated with large numbers of red blood cells. By electron microscope, Weibel‐palade bodies were found inside the tumor cells located at the peripheral part of the lesion. The patients were treated ...
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A young Japanese man developed localized trichorrhexis nodosa (LTN) of the scalp hair in the winter season. To investigate the roles of shampoo, severe sunlight exposure and/or mechanical injuries, we performed the following studies. Hair... more
A young Japanese man developed localized trichorrhexis nodosa (LTN) of the scalp hair in the winter season. To investigate the roles of shampoo, severe sunlight exposure and/or mechanical injuries, we performed the following studies. Hair was collected from the patient and from a control. The study was performed in two steps. In the first step, hair was put into shampoo, rinsed with saline water, and then exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation once a day for one week. In the second step, the hair was similarly treated, but each shaft was bent gently with forceps before UVB exposure. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed cuticular changes when the hair was treated only with shampoo and UVB. When it was treated with shampoo, UVB, and mechanical bending, the patient's hair developed longitudinal and transverse fractures of the hair shafts, while the control hair showed only partial damage to the hair shaft. On the basis on the above findings, we conclude that mechanical ...
Research Interests: Dermatology, Adolescent, Medicine, Humans, Hair, and 8 moreMale, The, Pressure, Seasons, Shampoo, Scalp, Hair Diseases, and Ultraviolet Rays
The interest in ethanol as alternate transportation fuel has gathered pace stimulated by high oil prices. Ethanol is being promoted as alternative fuel because of its oxygen content and also because it can be produced from renewable... more
The interest in ethanol as alternate transportation fuel has gathered pace stimulated by high oil prices. Ethanol is being promoted as alternative fuel because of its oxygen content and also because it can be produced from renewable resources. The international market in fuel ethanol is in its initial stage and its full development will require the diversification of production, in terms of both feedstock and number of producing countries. Process of sugar manufacture releases molasses as byproduct. In Pakistan almost all molasses is processed for production of alcohol with efficiency of 250 liters per tonne of molasses. Understanding of the effects of quality of molasses on various process operations and adapting to innovative technological advancements in distillery industry can help in achieving high alcohol yields. The quality of molasses deteriorates during the storage which leads to loss of yield in fermentor. The government of Pakistan has initiated policies to encourage bio-...
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To evaluate liver histology of chronic hepatitis C patients, who were relapsers or non-responders to previous conventional therapy. The descriptive case series was conducted in the Hepatology section of Medical Unit-III at the Jinnah... more
To evaluate liver histology of chronic hepatitis C patients, who were relapsers or non-responders to previous conventional therapy. The descriptive case series was conducted in the Hepatology section of Medical Unit-III at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan, from January to December 2008. The study had 109 hepatitis C patients who had relapsed or not responded to the conventional interferon and ribavirin for at least 24 weeks. All the patients were subjected to liver biopsy. The inflammatory activity and fibrosis shown by the liver biopsies were assessed according to the Batts-Ludwig classification. SPSS version 15 was used to analyse data. A majority (n = 57; 52.3%) of the 109 patients were female with hepatitis C virus genotype 3. Among these, 100 (91.7%) patients were non-responders and 9 (8.3%) were relapsers. The mean age of the patients was 38.9 +/- 8.8 years. The non-responders had elevated levels of serum aminotransferase. According to Batts-Ludwig cla...
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多発性立毛筋平滑筋腫の当教室例17例と本邦報告例87例について, 統計的観察をおこなった。男性41例(21歳から76歳, 平均43.1歳), 女性63例(14歳から87歳, 平均46.0歳)とやや女性に多かった。四肢, 背部, 胸部, 肩など比較的張力の強くかかる部位に多かった。自覚症状としては疼痛がほとんどで, 54例(51.9%)にみられた。腫瘍はほぼ同時期に発生し, 多中心性に多発することから何らかの発生因子が作用していることが疑われた。子宮筋腫合併例がかなり多く,... more
多発性立毛筋平滑筋腫の当教室例17例と本邦報告例87例について, 統計的観察をおこなった。男性41例(21歳から76歳, 平均43.1歳), 女性63例(14歳から87歳, 平均46.0歳)とやや女性に多かった。四肢, 背部, 胸部, 肩など比較的張力の強くかかる部位に多かった。自覚症状としては疼痛がほとんどで, 54例(51.9%)にみられた。腫瘍はほぼ同時期に発生し, 多中心性に多発することから何らかの発生因子が作用していることが疑われた。子宮筋腫合併例がかなり多く, 女性患者43例のうち25例(58.1%)にみられ, 子宮筋腫と同様エストロゲンとの関与が強く示唆された。発症時期別にみたところ, 血中エストロゲンが上昇する10歳代後半から40歳代に多く発症しており, 全体の75%を占めていた。われわれは当教室例13例に対し腫瘍部のエストロゲン·リセプター(estrogen receptor: ER)染色をおこなったところ, 6例(46.2%)に陽性を示した。これらのことから生来性にERを多くもつか, または高感受性のERをもった立毛筋が部分的に存在し, 血中エストロゲンが上昇する時期にその影響を強く受け, さらに皮膚の伸展など外的刺激が加わることが, 本症の発生因子のひとつではないかと考えた。
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To determine the correlation of elevated serum Alpha feto-protein with tumour size in hepatocellular carcinoma. A cross-sectional analytical study was done at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Medical Unit-III, Ward-7 from... more
To determine the correlation of elevated serum Alpha feto-protein with tumour size in hepatocellular carcinoma. A cross-sectional analytical study was done at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Medical Unit-III, Ward-7 from January 2009 to June 2010. Patients enrolled in study were known cases of chronic liver disease and were complicated by development of hepatocellular carcinoma; those having metastasis in liver from any where were excluded. Demographic data such as age, gender, residence, were recorded. Detailed clinical history and examination were carried out and recorded in a preformed Performa. Complete blood count, liver function test, total protein, Albumin/Globulin (A/G) ratio, serum Albumin, HBsAg, anti HCV, alpha fetoprotein, ultrasound guided liver biopsy, ultrasound whole abdomen and/or CTscan Abdomen for size and number of tumour were also done. On the basis of alfa fetoprotein level patients were divided in to 3 groups; Group I with normal AFP (< or = 20...
Research Interests: Gastroenterology, Medicine, Biopsy, Humans, Internal Medicine, and 15 moreLiver Cirrhosis, Liver, Female, Male, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Adult, Alpha Fetoprotein, Cross Sectional Studies, chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, Liver function tests, Abdomen, and Liver neoplasms
Agricultural extension is essentially a message delivery system organized to convey the latest findings ofagricultural research to farmers. Effective communication is therefore, the prime requirement in extension work. This study... more
Agricultural extension is essentially a message delivery system organized to convey the latest findings ofagricultural research to farmers. Effective communication is therefore, the prime requirement in extension work. This study conducted during 2013 attempted to examine the role of mass media in dissemination of agricultural technology among the farmers of Jaffarabad district of Balochistan province of Pakistan. The results revealed majority of the respondents were male (80%), belonged to the age group of 31-40 years (45.35%), and with formal education of (31%). Information regarding agricultural farming revealed that three-fourth (75%) of the respondents owned personal land, medium size of farms (12.5-50.0 acres) were more common (52%). Majority (70.93%) of the respondents perceived that the sources of media used in the area are highly conventional. About two third (66.28%) of the respondents perceived that the sources of media for agricultural information was highly accessible. ...
Research Interests: Business, Geography, Agriculture, Science and Technology, Agricultural extension, and 10 moreMass media, New Technology, Active Listening, Agricultural Production, Sample Size, Random sampling, Dissemination, Agricultural Economics and Extension, Agricultural technology transfer, and Selective Sampling
Exploitation of farmers’ profit margins by middlemen is well documented and reported by various studies. In this regard, public sector initiated support price and procurement policies especially for wheat. Presently, Pakistan Agricultural... more
Exploitation of farmers’ profit margins by middlemen is well documented and reported by various studies. In this regard, public sector initiated support price and procurement policies especially for wheat. Presently, Pakistan Agricultural Storage and Services Corporation (PASSCO) is a key procurement agency in Pakistan. It has been reported that in certain cases, PASSCO do not reach directly to farmers for the purchase of wheat. Hence, the role of middlemen in procurement of wheat is once again emerging and leaving low profit margins for the farmers. In this regard, this study aimed to assess wheat procurement issues in Jaffarabad district of Balochistan. Quite a large majority of the respondents were aware about seed dealers (69.4%), whole sellers (66.6%) and commission agents (62.5%). On the other hand, majority (55.5%) of the respondents were not aware about procurement centers of PASSCO. Price variation by various wheat procurement agencies was observed from Rs. 22.50kg-1 offere...
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Research Interests: Population Genetics, Medical Microbiology, Pakistan, Biology, Leishmania, and 12 moreMedicine, Leishmaniasis, Phylogeny, Population, Humans, Microsatellite, Public health systems and services research, Genotyping, Genetic Polymorphism, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Leishmania Major, and Multilocus sequence typing
Research Interests: Epidemiology, Pakistan, Dermatology, Adolescent, Medicine, and 15 moreLeishmaniasis, Humans, Child, Female, Male, Endemic Diseases, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Public health systems and services research, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Organometallic Compounds, Meglumine Antimoniate, and Child preschool
Research Interests: Sociology, Psychology, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Recycling, Waste recycling, and 15 moreSubjective Social Indicators, Theory of Planned Behavior, Environmental Sustainability, Attitude, Beliefs and attitudes, Consumer Attitudes, Students Attitudes, Recycling initiatives and behavior changes, Moral Norms, Subjective Well Being, Theory of Reasoned Action, Apprehension, Recycling of Nutrients, Sustainability, and Modified Theory of Planned Behavior
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Background Cutaneous tuberculosis is widespread in Pakistan but has not been fully documented. This study was conducted to determine the clinical pattern, nature and existence of the disease in Larkana, Sindh province, Pakistan.Methods We... more
Background Cutaneous tuberculosis is widespread in Pakistan but has not been fully documented. This study was conducted to determine the clinical pattern, nature and existence of the disease in Larkana, Sindh province, Pakistan.Methods We are reporting 153 cases of patients with cutaneous tuberculosis who visited our department from 1996 to 1999. All cases were diagnosed at the clinic, and the biopsies were examined for histopathological evidence. The patients received three antituberculous treatments during a 9 month course.Results Clinically, 63 (41.2%) cases of lupus vulgaris, 54 (35.3%) of scrofuloderma, 29 (19.59%) of lupus verrucosa cutis, six (3.92%) of tuberculosis cutis orificialis and one (0.64%) case of disseminated cutaneous tuberculosis were observed in our department from 1996 to 1999. All patients were aged between 3 and 50 years and had experienced the present complaints for 1 to 12 years. Sixty‐nine (45.1%) cases were children aged under 10 years, 50 cases (37.25%) ...
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Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by defects in the normal repair of DNA of various cutaneous and ocular cell types damaged by exposure to sunlight. 13 Hebra and Kaposi reported the disease... more
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by defects in the normal repair of DNA of various cutaneous and ocular cell types damaged by exposure to sunlight. 13 Hebra and Kaposi reported the disease initially in 1874. 4 It ...
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UDDER shape and the presence of teat-end lesions were examined in dairy cows to determine whether there was any association with somatic cell count (SCC) and bacterial intramammary infection (IMI), and therefore the susceptibility of... more
UDDER shape and the presence of teat-end lesions were examined in dairy cows to determine whether there was any association with somatic cell count (SCC) and bacterial intramammary infection (IMI), and therefore the susceptibility of particular cows to mastitis. A total of 240 Holstein-Friesian
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Dry cow therapy (DCT), an infusion of antibiotics into the mammary gland at the end of lactation, is widely used for the control of intra-mammary infections (IMI) in the dairy cow. However, increased public health concerns about the use... more
Dry cow therapy (DCT), an infusion of antibiotics into the mammary gland at the end of lactation, is widely used for the control of intra-mammary infections (IMI) in the dairy cow. However, increased public health concerns about the use of antibiotics, has led to the search for alternatives to the routine use of antibiotics during drying off. In the present study the effects of three dry cow treatments, two types of DCT and a teat-sealant, on the development of new IMI and clinical mastitis were investigated in 240 cows belonging to two herds (Herd A and Herd B). In Herd A, 60 cows were given one type of DCT (Cloxacillin) and the other 60 cows were given another type of DCT (Framycetin). In Herd B, 60 cows were given teat-sealant and the other herd were not given any treatment. There were significantly more new IMI at calving in control cattle compared to those given teat-sealants (p&lt;0.001) and there were more cases of clinical cases of mastitis in the control group. The number of clinical cases detected in cows given teat-sealant in Herd B were not significantly different from those detected in cows in Herd A given Cloxacillin or Framycetin.
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Intramammary infections (IMI) during the dry period can be reduced through the use of dry cow therapy (DCT); in the future, its blanket use is likely to be questioned in the light of public concern regarding the routine use of antibiotics... more
Intramammary infections (IMI) during the dry period can be reduced through the use of dry cow therapy (DCT); in the future, its blanket use is likely to be questioned in the light of public concern regarding the routine use of antibiotics in food producing animals. One possible alternative is to limit DCT to cows with IMI just before drying off, which would require a quick, simple identification of sub-clinical IMI. In the present study we examined quarter milk samples obtained from 240 cows one week before and on the day of drying off, using the California mastitis test (CMT) and for IMI by bacteriological culture. The results indicated that high CMT scores at drying off may be good indicators of IMI: there was a significant association between the frequency of isolation of major pathogens and the CMT score in milk samples obtained one week before (Pearson&#39;s χ(2)=27.04, df=4, p&lt;0.001) and those at drying off (Pearson&#39;s χ(2)=25.87, df=4, p&lt;0.001).
Research Interests: Animal Science, Mastitis, Bovine Mastitis, Lactation, Medicine, and 15 moreAnimal Production, Female, Animals, Dairy Cow, Milk, Cattle, Sensitivity and Specificity, Somatic Cell Count, Predictive value of tests, Escherichia Coli Infections, Cell count, dry period, Asymptomatic infections, Streptococcal infections, and Staphylococcal infections
Diversification of fuel sources is imperative to address the energy security, climate change, and sustainable development issues; therefore, it is essential to address the energy crisis through the extensive utilization of abundant... more
Diversification of fuel sources is imperative to address the energy security, climate change, and sustainable development issues; therefore, it is essential to address the energy crisis through the extensive utilization of abundant renewable energy resources, such as biomass energy, solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy. Improving energy services for poor households in developing countries remains one of the most pressing challenges facing the development community. Earlier studies suggest in South Asia the households are likely to follow the energy ladder comprising fuels like dung, crop residue, firewood, kerosene, gobar gas, LPG, and electricity for cooking purposes. Evidence suggests that while it is possible to observe such transition in urban and semi-urban areas, the change is very slow in rural areas. In rural Pakistan, the access to commercial energy resources is limited, the majority of the households still heavily rely on traditional methods of using wood, animal waste and crop waste for domestic fuel needs. Efficiencies of use are very low and most of the potential is wasted because of non-scientific conventional technologies. Consequently there is an obligatory need to develop modern bio-energy technologies since renewable resources may serve to supplement the long-term energy needs of Pakistan to a significant level. Though the bio-resource base of Pakistan is substantial, its contribution to useful energy is low. In this paper we called attention to issues and challenges in biomass utilization for energy in Pakistan in context of sustainable development. This paper has identified areas in Pakistan where there is considerable scope to modernize biomass energy production delivery systems to provide varied energy carriers such as electricity, industrial and domestic fuel and gases. Barriers are examined over the whole biomass energy spectrum and policy issue and institutional roles and responsibilities are discussed
Research Interests: Engineering, Climate Change, Sustainable Development, Biomass, South Asia, and 15 moreEnergy Security, Geothermal Energy, Green Energy, Solar Energy, Developing Country, Crop Residue Burning, Renewable Resources, Energy Production, Delivery System, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Systems, Electricity Industry, Rural Area, Renewable Energy Resource, Crop Residue, and energy spectrum
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Poverty is rampant in the rural areas of Pakistan, where people are in a state of deprivation with regard to incomes, clothing, housing, healthcare, education, sanitary facilities and human rights. Agriculture generates nearly 20.9... more
Poverty is rampant in the rural areas of Pakistan, where people are in a state of deprivation with regard to incomes, clothing, housing, healthcare, education, sanitary facilities and human rights. Agriculture generates nearly 20.9 percent of the country's GDP and provides employment for 43.4 percent of its workforce. Most importantly, 65.9 percent of the population living in rural areas is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. Rising population, shrinking agricultural land, increasing demand for water resources, widespread land degradation and inadequate infrastructure appear to be major concerns of the agriculture sector in Pakistan. An attempt has been made to examine the population growth–agriculture growth–poverty alleviation linkage. It is argued that agriculture will continue to be one of the most important sectors of Pakistan's economy for years to come. To alleviate poverty, it is suggested that Pakistan enhance the productivity of th...
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... Review Article Childhood psoriasis: A review of literature Abdul Manan Bhutto Department of Dermatology, Shaheed Muhtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana, Pakistan. ... 197 40. Ersoy-Evans S, Altaykan A, Sahin S, Kolemen F.... more
... Review Article Childhood psoriasis: A review of literature Abdul Manan Bhutto Department of Dermatology, Shaheed Muhtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana, Pakistan. ... 197 40. Ersoy-Evans S, Altaykan A, Sahin S, Kolemen F. Phototherapy in childhood. ...