Ersoy Soydan

Radyonun yazili basindan sonra genis kitlelere seslenen en eski kitle iletisim araci oldugu kabul edilmektedir. Radyo, 1920-1960 yillari arasinda da en yaygin kitle iletisim araci olmustur. Radyo yayinlarinin baslamasiyla birlikte islevi de sorgulanmaya baslamistir. Ozellikle radyo yayinlarinin hukumetin denetiminde oldugu Avrupa ulkelerinde yayin kuruluslari maddi acidan hukumetlere bagimli olmus, bu durum dogal olarak hukumetlerin radyo yayinlarina karismasi sonucunu dogurmustur. Uzun yillar boyunca Avrupa'da radyoculuk alaninda devlet tekeli oldugu icin toplumun buyuk bir kesimi radyoda kendisine yeterince yer bulamamistir. Hukumetlerin denetimindeki radyo yayinciligina karsi muhalefet ve islevinin degistirilmesi talebi ise cok gecmeden dillendirilmeye baslamistir. Ornegin Alman yazar Bertolt Brecht daha 1932 yilinda radyonun islevinin degistirilerek demokratiklestirilmesi gerektigini, yani radyoyu bir iletim aygiti olmaktan cikarip, iletisim aygitina donusturmek gerektigini ...

Armutlu district of Yalova is a historical settlement established at the western end of the peninsula named after itself. Thanks to the 18-kilometer coastline, sea tourism in Armutlu, where summer (second) residences are dominant, and health tourism have also developed thanks to its historical spas. Since most of the Armutlu Peninsula is covered with forests, ecotourism and highland tourism are also developing in its countryside.
Alternative tourism types need to be developed in Armutlu as the sea tourism season is short. One of them is cultural tourism. Because there are many historical buildings in Armutlu, such as 24 registered historical houses, historical spa and bath, Hacı Ali Paşa Mosque, bridge and the ruins of a Byzantine monastery in Arnavutköy. One of the ways to increase the attractiveness of Armutlu, which is almost a natural film setting, is to have television series or feature films shot here. Film tourism, which can be evaluated within the scope of cultural tourism, to be Armutlu to be visited twelve months of the year. Film tourism will also support other types of tourism and extend their season.
In this study, by examining the historical development of Armutlu and the source of its name, the development of tourism and its cultural tourism potential; An analysis will be made in which solution suggestions will be presented. There has been no previous study on Armutlu in this context.

Turkiye'nin dorduncu buyuk kenti olan Bursa gectigimiz yuzyilin en cok goc alan kentlerinden biri olmustur. Osmanli Imparatorlugunun ikinci baskenti olan Bursa, Cumhuriyet doneminde Balkanlar'dan Kafkasya'ya kadar genis bir cografyadan gelen gocmenlere ev sahipligi yapmistir. Gocmenlerin dogup, buyudukleri topraklari unutup, yeni kentlerine alismalari oldukca zahmetli ve uzun bir surectir.  Farkli cografyalardan kente gocen Bursalilarin belki de bulustuklari tek ortak nokta ise Bursaspor olmustur. Bursa'daki baska hic bir aidiyet Bursaspor kadar birlestirici degildir. Gunumuzde Bursaspor'u tutmak, Bursalilar tarafindan Bursa'yi sevmekle ve ona sahip cikmakla esdeger kabul edilen bir olgudur. Etnik, dini, sinifsal ya da siyasal farkliliklar Bursaspor'un maclarinda unutulmaktadir. Boylece Bursaspor taraftari yalnizca Bursaspor'un degil,  kentin de bir parcasi oldugunu hissetmektedir.  Ayni zamanda Bursaspor kentin en buyuk moral degerlerinden biridir. B...

Afetler ozellikle de dogal afetler insanlarin kontrolu disinda gerceklesen, cok buyuk mal ve can kaybina neden olabilecek buyuk capli olaylardir. Dogal Afetler cok kisa zamanda cok buyuk yikimlara neden olabilmektedirler. Her yil milyonlarca insan afetlerde felaketlerle ve sonuclariyla karsi karsiya gelir. Boylece yil boyunca her turlu afet dunyanin degisik yerlerini etkilemektedir. Dunyamizin varolusundan itibaren dogal afetler de vardir ve dogal afetler tarih boyunca tum insanlari etkilemistir. Insanlik tarihine bakildiginda teknoloji, insanligin var olusundan bu yana artan bir ivmeyle toplumlarin ihtiyaclarini karsilama ile iliskili olarak hizli gelisme gostermistir. Toplumlarda teknolojik gelisimin cok hizli bir sekilde gelismesinin sonucu olarak, kitle iletisim araclari da hem gunluk hayatimizin hem de hizli iletisimin bir parcasi olmuslardir. Gunumuzde Internet (e-posta vd.), telefon, radyo, televizyon, uydular, bilgisayarlar (internet) en onemli iletisim araclari olarak hayat...

Batman’in solan renklerinden biri de Yezidilerdir. Yakin zamana dek Batman ve ozellikle Besiri’nin koylerinde Turkiye’nin en kalabalik Yezidi nufusu yasamaktaydi. Besiri’nin Oguz ve Ikikopru Beldeleriyle, Onbasi, Deveboynu, Kuscukuru, Yolkonak, Ugurca, Uckuyular, Kumgecit, Ugrak ve Kurukavak (Hamduna) koyleriyle, Ekinciler ve Meydancik mezralariyla, Batman’nin Yolveren koyu Yezidi koyleri olarak bilinmektedir. Musluman halkin Yezidilerin seytana taptigina inanmasi, birlikte yasadiklari yerlerde onlara karsi onyargili davranilmasina, baski yapilmasina ya da dislanmalarina neden olmustur. Bu yuzden son 20-30 yil icinde Turkiyeli Yezidilerin buyuk bolumu basta Almanya olmak uzere Belcika ve Fransa gibi Avrupa ulkelerine goc etmistir. Turkiye genelinde nufuslari 500 kisinin altina inen Yezidiler Batman’da da cok azalmis, neredeyse yok olma noktasina gelmislerdir. Yezidiler kendilerini Ezidiyan ve Ezidi olarak adlandirir, 1930’lardan sonra Yezidi terimini de kullanmaya baslamistir. Yezid...

Avrupa ulkelerinin isgucu acigini karsilamak icin 1960'li yillarin basinda Turkiye'den isci gonderilmeye baslanmistir. Gunumuzde Avrupa'da bes milyon civarinda Turk yasamaktadir ve artik gocmen Turkler “misafir iscilikten vatandasliga” gecerek Avrupali Turkler olarak anilmaya baslanmistir. Siyasetten ekonomiye kadar Avrupa’da yasamin her alaninda belirleyici bir guc olmaya baslayan ucuncu kusak Turklerin, Turkceyi ogrenebilmeleri ve yasatabilmeleri icin Turkce medyanin varligi buyuk onem tasimaktadir. Avrupa’da yasayan Turk gocmenlere yonelik ilk Turkce televizyon yayini 1965 yilinda Almanya'da WDR’de yayinlanan cok dilli program ‘Ihre Heimat Unsere Heimat’ (Sizin Vataniniz Bizim Vatanimiz) ile gerceklestirilmistir. Bu yayini Belcika, Hollanda ve Avrupa'nin diger ulkelerin kamu televizyonlarinda yayinlanan Turkce programlar izlemistir. 17 Eylul 1984 tarihinde Almanya’nin Ludwigshafen kentinden yayina baslayan Avrupa Turk Televizyonu (ATT) Avrupa’dan yayin yapmaya...

Bir kitabin sayisal ortamdaki kopyasina, ya da dogrudan elektronik ortamda kitap olarak yazilmis icerige e-kitap (elektronik kitap) denilmektedir. E-kitaplar basili kitaplardan farkli olarak, elektronik ortamda kullanilmak uzere hazirlanmistir. E-kitaplar bilgisayarda okundugu gibi; Kindle, iPod, iPhone, iPad ve Blackberry gibi elektronik araclarla okunabilmektedir. Insanoglu tarih boyunca kendini ifade edebilmek icin sirasiyla; tas, kil tabletler, papirus ve kagidi kullanmistir. Teknolojik gelismeler sonrasinda klavye ve ekran tum bu malzemelerin yerini almistir. Yillar once mektubun yerini elektronik posta alacak dense kimse inanmazdi, oysa simdi bayram kutlamalari bile e-posta ile gonderilmekte, cok az insan mektupla haberlesme yolunu secmektedir. Şimdi siranin basili kitaplara geldigi gorulmektedir. Internet uzerinde, e-kitap ve benzeri dokumanlar ozellikle pdf formatinda herhangi bir standarda veya DRM teknolojisine bagli olmadan uzun suredir paylasimda ve kullanimdaydi. E-kita...

This study is aiming to research the present and past situation of Turkish language TV broadcasts from European countries as Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland and Austria.
The first Turkish language TV broadcasts in Europe were aired subsequently after Turkish workers migration started in the early 1960`s. The first TV program aimed towards Turkish workers in Europe was aired in 1965 by the German WDR broadcasting network in form of the multilingual setting “Their home our home/Ihre Heimat unsere Heimat (Sizin Vatanınız Bizim Vatanımız)”. In the following years, public TV stations other countries started to set similar examples.
The TV channel “Avrupa Türk Televizyonu” (ATT) which started broadcasting in Ludwigshafen on September 17th 1984 was the first purely Turkish station in Europe. This step was followed by the channel TD1, that started broadcasting in 1985 from West-Berlin. A positive correlation between the density of Turkish population and the frequency of Turkish TV broadcasts can be established when studying the development of such enterprises. As more than half of Europe’s Turkish population is living in Germany, most of Turkish TV broadcasts were aired from there. Following Germany, broadcasts concentrate in the Netherlands, France and Belgium. In Austria, Switzerland, the UK and Sweden, the number of Turkish TV broadcasts has been much lower. In 1990, Turkish state television TRT founded the channel TRT-INT, resulting in a growing audience in Europe being able to follow TV channels directly from Turkey. Following that development, Turkish TV programs became the main medium of news and entertainment for Turks in Europe. Nowadays, Turkish TV viewers all over Europe are able to choose between about 500 Turkish TV stations.
As of December 2018, Turkish TV stations broadcasting via traditional channels or the internet in Europe are numbering fourteen, out of those, only five are viewable via cable TV or satellite TV. As TV channels situated in Turkey have established a near monopoly on the advertisement market, Turkish TV stations located in Europe itself often could not keep up and were forced to close down. Therefore, Turkish TV stations in Europe are focusing on internet broadcasting, as that medium is bearing much lower costs. Furthermore, it has been observed that TV stations broadcasting in Turkish language tend do prefer the more functional IPTV than internet TV. 
Nowadays, with about five million Turks living in Europe, the migrants have started the transformation process from “guest worker” to “citizen”. While Turks have been becoming a present factor in fields like politics and economy, media has becoming an important factor for the continuity and evolvement of the Turkish language among the third generation of Turkish immigrants.
This study is limited to Turkish TV broadcasts from eight different European countries, the Balkans are not covered within its scope. From a methodological point of view, primary and secondary literary sources have been used together with person to person interviews. Especially the interviews have revealed many new and previously uncovered findings regarding the development of Turkish internet TV broadcasts from abroad.

One of the fading colors of Batman is the Yezidis. Not long ago, Turkey’s most crowded Yezidi population lived in Batman and especially in the villages of Beşiri. Oğuz and İkiköprü Towns, and Onbaşı, Deveboynu, Kuşçukuru, Yolkonak, Uğurca, Üçkuyular, Kumgeçit, Uğrak and Kurukavak (Hamduna) Villages, and Ekinciler and Meydancık hamlets of Beşiri, and Yolveren Village of Batman are known as Yezidi villages. The Muslim people there thought that Yezidis believed in Satan, which caused them to be prejudged, oppressed, and excluded from the society where they lived together with the Muslims. Therefore, in the last 20-30 years most of the Yezidis from Turkey immigrated to European countries such as Belgium, France and especially Germany. With a population of less than 500 all over Turkey, The Yezidis are a very small number in Batman, in fact they’re about to disappear there.
The Yezidis call themselves “Ezidiyan” and “Ezidi” and after 1930s they also used the term “Yezidi”. It is known that the word Yezidi is derived from the Kurdish word “ezdam”, which means “creator of me”. There are four different views to describe the Yezidi: a religious sect deviated from Islam; the original and former religion of the Kurdish as a continuation of Zoroastrianism; a Turkish belief dating back to Central Asia, and finally a belief consisting of a combination of various religions. Because only those who are born as Yezidis are called Yezidis, it is also considered as an “ethnic religion”. Yezidis speak Kurdish but Yezidism is a religious community without a national identity. The facts that Yezidis follow the belief of Assyrian cult of the sun; Sheikh Adi is an Arabic dervish from Lebanon and his first believers are the Arabic; Yezidi Sheikh Muaviye bin İsmail suggests that his ancestors are Assyrians; and most of the Yezidis’ language is Kurdish all prove that Yezidism is a synthesized belief rather than a national identity. One can see traces of many religions and beliefs in Yezidi belief. It is considered that in Yezidism, worshipping the sun and the moon has passed to the Yezidi belief from idolatry; dualism from Zoroastrianism; baptism, blessing ritual and wine drinking from Christianity; circumcision, fast and sacrifice from Islam. Yezidis and Sabians have some features in common especially in terms of worship such as three time prayer. Sheikh Adiy bin Misafir, an originally Arabic muslim religious functionary, is deemed as the founder of Yezidism.
Yezidis’ religion, which is different with its structure from the other religions in Mesopotamia, and all their cultural narratives are based on oral tradition. Yezidis’ oral tradition and Kurdish Muslims have both similarities and definite differences. Strans (songs accompanied by music) and Kilams (songs with various themes sung by bards (Dengbejs) – performers) are among notable sources of Yezidi culture.

Tarih boyunca yeni kitle iletişim araçları kuşkuyla karşılanmış ve topluma zarar verebileceği endişesiyle devletler tarafından yasal düzenlemelere tabi tutulmuştur. On yıldan daha kısa süre içinde her üç evden birine giren internet, kitle iletişim araçları içinde çok farklı bir yer edinmiştir. Sinema, televizyon ya da radyo hep başkalarının ürettiği içeriği ileten tek yönlü araçlardır. İnternet geleneksel kitle iletişim araçlarından birçok açıdan farklıdır. İnternet girilen, ziyaret edilen, gezilen, hatta konuşulan çift yönlü bir iletişim aracıdır. FLV gibi teknolojiler sayesinde video yükleme, paylaşma ve izleme kolaylaşmış, Web 2.0 olarak bilinen akım sayesinde web bireyselleşmiştir. Bu gelişmeler bir çok zararlı içeriğe internet ortamında ulaşılabilmesine olanak sağlamıştır. İnternetteki zararlı içerik hakkında ortak bir görüş bulunmadığı; yasa ve yaklaşımlar ülkeden ülkeye değiştiği için bu tür yayınları engelleme olanağı bulunmamaktadır. Ayrıca internet, yapısı gereği sansürlenemediği için insanları medya okuryazarı yapmak ve internet üzerindeki zararlı içerik hakkında farkındalık yaratmaktan  başka çare yoktur.

Religious Tourism, visits of people to sacred places according to their own religious beliefs (pilgrimage) or visits to the places that has religious structures of their religion or other religions, is first in the lists among other tourism types when you think about cultural tourism in Turkey. As considered in this study Mardin and Şırnak with religious structures of several civilizations constitutes a quite significant attraction center to cultural and also religious tourism.
Assyrians who describes themselves as the first Christians and who speak Christ’s language, populates in Mesopotamia, Anatolia and Middle East including Syria.  However they populate mainly in the Tur Abdin region of which the central place is Midyat, where is sacred to Assyrians. Tur Abdin is  a region in southeast Turkey incorporating central of Mardin and several county and villages of Mardin, Şırnak and Batman. In this study we focus on cultural (and religious) tourism potential of the religious structures of Assyrians in the provinces of Mardin and Şırnak

The copy of a book on a digital platform or the content written directly on an electronic media is called e-book (electronic book). In contrast to printed books, e-books are prepared to be used on electronic media. E-books can be read via electronic devices such as Kindle, iPod, iPhone, iPad and Blackberry as well as computers.
Throughout history, people have used stone, clay tablets, papyrus and paper chronologically in order to express themselves. Following technological developments, all these materials have been replaced by the keyboard and screen. Years ago, nobody would have believed had they been told the letter would be replaced by the electronic mail. However, now even bayram greetings are sent via e-mail and few people prefer to communicate via letter. Now apparently it is the printed books’ turn.
E-books and similar documents had been open to share and in use for a long time on the internet without being subject to any pdf formatted standard or DRM technology. E-book emerged as a commercial product after Amazon.com, the biggest online book store in the world, released “Kindle” e-book reading device. Kindle, a device for reading books, newspaper and blogs developed by Amazon, was first offered for sale in the United States on 19 November 2007. Kindle, which was offered to market for 359 USD and is used with e-ink technology, has made it possible to read the books, newspapers and magazines in Amazon’s list without an additional computer. Thanks to Amazon’s wireless network called Whispernet, exclusive to Kindle users, azw formatted books have been downloaded easily from any part of America and 1500 books have been stored in the first Kindles. This made it possible to store much more books than there are in many homes. Moreover, e-book formatted books are sold for much cheaper than printed ones are.
In the first three months of 2010, Amazon expalined that 115 e-books were sold for the same cost as 100 printed books. This number doesn’t include the e-books that Amazon handed out for free for promotion. Not being able to compete with e-books, several well-known bookshop chains came to the point of closure.
Having changed people’s reading habit abroad in recent years, e-book has drawn great interest in Turkey, as well. Now intellectuals are discussing whether the e-book will put an end to the printed book. It is expectable that books will continue to be printed in conventional ways but e-book technology will soon change printed books into objects with nostalgic meaning like gramophone records.

Catastrophes; especially natural disasters, are big events which occur off hand by people and can give big damages to their properties and lifes. Natural disasters, can cause disasters on a large scale. Millions of people encounters with natural disasters and its results every year. Thus, every kind of catastrophe affects the several places of the world. Since the existence of the World, natural disasters are exist and they are effecting the whole of people. When we look at the human history, technology shows a rapid development parallel with satisfying the needs of scocieties. As a result of the rapid technological development, mass communication tools have become the important part of our lifes. Today, internet, telephone, radio, television, satellites, computers are important communication tolls which take an important place in people's life but this developed technology could not alter the effects of disasters. Mass communication has some impacts only on precoutions taken after the disasters realised. Especially, function of media such as conveying the true information to the public in right time is important. In this study, the functions and effects of the media by addressing the natural disasters, has focused on importance of this issue.

Bursa which is the fourth largest city of Turkey , has been one of the cities which received the most migration of the past century.. Bursa which is the second capital of the Ottoman Empire, has hosted immigrants from a broad geography extending from the Balkans to the Caucasus during the Republican era.
It is a long and painful process for immigrants to forget the land where they grew up and get accustomed to their new cities. Bursaspor has been the only common point that the citizens of Bursa who migrated from different geographical regions to the city meet. No other belonging in Bursa is as unifying as Bursaspor.
Supporting Bursaspor today is considered to be a phenomenon equal to loving Bursa and protecting it by the citizens of Bursa. Ethnic, religious, class or political differences are forgotten during Bursaspor matches.
Thus, the Bursaspor supporter feels to be a part of not only Bursaspor, but also of the city. Bursaspor, in the mean time, is one of the greatest morale values of the city. It is even pointed out that there is an increase
in industrial production in the weeks when Bursaspor has won Bursaspor, founded in 1963, is also the first city team of Turkey. The teams established in other cities have followed Bursaspor. In 2010, as the champion of Turkish League, it carried the championship to
Anatolia after Trabzonspor. In this championship, the unification of the city and going to the displacement matches have played a great role as well as the success of the technical crew and the players. The local media which is immensely powerful has played a great role for Bursaspor to be in the forefront of the city life so much.
In this study, the role of Bursaspor and the importance of the local media will be discussed in the immigrants coming from the different geographical regions obtaining the identity of Bursa citizenship. The
literature scanning has been used as the method. The scope of the study is limited to the Bursa-Bursaspor relationship and the positive function of football in urban life.

A New Opportunity in Democratization of the Radio: Internet Radio Broadcasting Öz Radyonun yazılı basından sonra geniş kitlelere seslenen en eski kitle iletişim aracı olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Radyo yayınlarının başlamasıyla birlikte işlevi de sorgulanmaya başlamıştır. Uzun yıllar boyunca Avrupa'da radyoculuk alanında devlet tekeli olduğu için toplumun büyük bir kesimi radyoda kendisine yeterince yer bulamamıştır. Hükümetlerin denetimindeki radyo yayıncılığına karşı muhalefet ve işlevinin değiştirilmesi talebi ise çok geçmeden dillendirilmeye başlamıştır. Alman yazar Bertolt Brecht daha 1932 yılında radyonun işlevinin değiştirilerek demokratikleştirilmesi gerektiğini, yani radyoyu bir iletim aygıtı olmaktan çıkarıp, iletişim aygıtına dönüştürmek gerektiğini söylemiştir. Radyonun demokratikleştirilmesi tartışması, internetin yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte bir kez daha gündeme gelmiştir. İnternet teknolojisi radyodan sesini duyurmak isteyen herkesin son derece basit ve ucuz bir şekilde dünyanın dört bir tarafına sesini duyurmasını sağlayarak, radyonun daha önce olmadığı kadar demokratikleşmesinin yolunu açmıştır. Çalışmada literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılmış, radyonun icadı ve gelişimi, radyoyu demokratikleştirme arayışları, internet radyoculuğunun özellikleri ve sunduğu yeni olanaklar anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Abstract Radio has been accepted as the oldest media-after the printed press-that reaches large masses of people. The function of radio had begun to be questioned in conjunction with the start of radio broadcasting. A large segment of society couldn't have found enough media coverage in the radio for many years because of the government monopoly in the field of radio broadcasting. Not long after, opposition to the radio broadcasting under the control of government and demand on the change of its function had started to be expressed. German writer Bertolt Brecht said in 1932 that the function of the radio must be changed and democratized, in other words; radio must transform from being a means of diffusion to become a means of communication. The widespread of the internet has reawakened the discussion on democratization of the radios. The technology of internet has laid the way open for democratization of the radios as much as never before by making all people heard their voice to the four corners of the world in an enormously cheap and easy way. The paper will study the invention and development of the radio, democratization quests of the radio, the characteristics and opportunities of the internet radio broadcasting. The literature review will be done as a method in the study.

Öz Televizyonun bu denli gündelik hayatımıza girmediği dönemde alt kültür grupları ana akıma karışmadan kendi alanlarında varlığını sürdürmekteydi. 1990'lara kadar devletin radyo ve televizyonlarında yasaklı olduğu için kendine yer bulamayan arabesk müzik özel radyo ve televizyonların ortaya çıkışıyla birlikte melez bir kimliğe bürünerek merkezileşmiştir. Özel televizyonlar sayesinde arabesk müzik sanatçıları geniş kitleler tarafından dinlenilmeye başlanmış ve popüler kültürün ikonları durumuna gelmiştir. Daha çok kent plancılarının kent içinde sosyolojik olarak yoksul ve güçsüz insanların yaşadığı semtlere orta ve üst sınıf üyelerinin taşınmasıyla, sahipliğinin yer değiştirmesi olarak kullandığı ve mutenalaştırma olarak da tanımlanabilecek soylulaştırma kavramı bu çalışmada arabesk müziğin merkezle bütünleşmesini anlatmak için kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı özel televizyonların arabesk müziğin soylulaşmasındaki rolünü ortaya koymaktır. Kapsamı özel televizyonlarla sınırlıdır. Çalışmada literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılmış, popüler kültür ve arabesk müzik ilişkisi, arabesk müziğin tarihsel gelişimi ve televizyonun arabesk müziğin soylulaşmasındaki rolü Dilber Ay örneği üzerinden anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Popüler kültürün ve arabesk müziğin tüm karakteristik özelliklerini taşıyan Kadere Mâhkumlar programının yapısı ve işlevinde de söz edilmektedir. Arabesk müzik dünyasında kırk yıldır ünlü olan Dilber Ay'ın 2012 yılında ana akım televizyonlara konuk olmaya başladıktan sonra hızla popüler kültür ikonuna dönüşmesi televizyonun arabesk müziğin soylulaşmasındaki rolünün en yeni ve görünür sonucu olarak görülmektedir. Abstract Before television became so popular in our daily life, sub-cultural groups could have survived without any contact to mainstream lifestyle. Until the 1990s there were only state controlled radio stations and one television channel on which broadcasting arabesque music was prohibited. It's after privately owned broadcasting began that arabesque music-by gaining a hybrid identity-has become mainstream. Thanks to privately owned television channels arabesque music were started to be listened by masses

Euphrates and Tigris rivers which are born from high and snowy mountains of Eastern and Anatolia and give life to a rid regions had a vital importance for early agricultural communities. Mesopotamian civilizations advanced between these two rivers in later centuries and lots of settlements had been established near Euphrates and Tigris. One of the historical settlements is Deraser (Arık) village which is in the district of today’s Batman city called Gercüş. A lot of historical remains exist there. Deraser which is about 20 kilometers away from Gercüş and constituted on a place near Tigris. There mains of various buildings, rock-cut tomb sand prehistoric pictures drawn on the walls of caves exist in Deraser (Arık) village situated at the bank of Tigris river. The prehistoric painting drawn on the rocks exist in many places of Anatolia, but the paintings drawn by the technical of fresco with red and black paints rarely exist. Therefore, in Deraser, the exploration of red and black colored pictures made by soil or root paint called Berha Nivisandi (The Written Cave) is a significant event. There are depictions of animals, wild animal struggles and both men and women festival scenes at cave paintings here. These cave paintings are thematically similar to prehistorical cave paintings found in many parts of the world and they have a unique style in terms of drawing technique. In our study, we will deal with the paintings compiled from the caves in the region of Deraser (The High Church) which are not noticed by there searchers working there and we will mention to there search results related to these pictures.

Turkish radio programs started to be broadcasted overseas in 1944 in the Balkans, in 1964 in Europe and in 1967 in the United States. Today, the overseas Turkish people are trying to announce their voices through internet radio, public or private ones of the country they are in, within the time allocated to them, seven days 24 hours with their own traditional radios, and since 1999. Radio Deniz, which started broadcasting from Holland in 1999, is the first Turkish internet radio in the world. Therefore, the Turkish internet radio experience abroad entered the twentieth year.
There has been no comprehensive study examining Turkish radio stations broadcasting overseas via internet. In this study, Turkish radio stations broadcasting via internet in America and Europe continent as of November 2018 were examined. The continents of Asia, Africa and Australia were excluded. The radios examined in the study are limited to the radios that can be accessed with detailed scans on the internet.

France is known as the first country in which fundamental rights and freedoms have been progressed and a strong democracy tradition has been established during the history of world. If the basis of mass communication is regarded as the pluralism and democracy, the developments in the France have had a big impact on this.
France is one of the leader countries, in the field of broadcasting throughout Europe, in which private or independent radios have been founded by demolishing the government monopoly.  The radio broadcasts started with the pirate broadcasts in the second half of the 1970s created a de facto status and gained a legal status after being accepted by the French society. The social groups, worrying about not being represented enough in the government broadcasting organizations, established the subject stations in order to make their voice heard. Although the French government had not accepted those illegal radio broadcasts at the outset, the new governments came to power had legislative efforts on this issue. By the way, frequencies were assigned to the Non-governmental organizations and social groups that wanted to broadcast and they even were supported financially. These subject developments, started with pirate broadcasts and ended up with the demolishing of government monopoly, ensured the social groups make their voices heard which had been impossible through radios before and also reawakened the radios by democratizing.  This trend started in the second half of the 1970s in France has not only been restricted with to France but also affected the whole Europe. The radio, which had lost its effectiveness against to television many years ago and been near to be junked, gained its prestige back by this means. After this period, it can be said that mass media has started to utilize its educational and cultural functions which they’re accused with not to do so. The pirate radios in France were defined as local-private and foundational radios and categorized such as social communication radio, community radio stations, universities and schools, radio and rural radios with the legal regulations. The Turks living in France have started make their voices heard from the radios established at that period
This study, primarily states the developments that enabled the demolishment of the broadcast monopoly of the government, then mentions Turkish broadcasting community radios and lastly current Turkish broadcasting radios. The scope of the study is limited to the radios in France.

Turkish TV broadcasting in Balkans firstly started on 16th April, 1969, in Macedonia Television, in Skopje. Following Macedonia Television, Pristina Television in Kosovo started Turkish broadcasting in 1974. Turkish television broadcasting is important for keeping Turkish language and culture alive and still being one of the most important witnesses of Turk existence in Balkans.
In this study, Turkish television broadcasting in Balkans is described from the beginning to the day with the emerging developments in countries having these broadcastings. Today, with a population of about 1.4 million Turks, there is no TV channel broadcasting in Turkish 24/7. But within Macedonia, Kosovo, Gagauzia and Bulgaria state televisions; and in two private television channels in Romania and Macedonia broadcasting in Turkish in limited times.
This study is limited to Turkish television broadcasting in Balkan countries. The fifty years of Turkish television broadcasts in five countries are described. But Turkish television broadcastings from Turkey can be watched thorough the Balkans via satellite broadcastings and internet. Therefore the importance and function of broadcastings those from Turkey for Balkan Turks was highlighted.

The Turkish cinema, which celebrated its 100th anniversary two years ago, is one of the leading cinemas of the world. The Turkish Cinema history has begun with the film named Ayastefanos'taki Rus Abidesinin Yıkılışı (Demolition of the Russian Monument at San Stefano) directed by Fuat Uzkınay and completed in 1914. And since then, many films have been made in different genres with different themes.
With the escalation of Cyprus problem, even the Turkish cinema wouldn’t have been unconcerned with issue of Cyprus.  And therefore, many films have been made on Cyprus and Turkish Cypriots.
The literature review will be done as a method in this study. This paper analyzes Cypriot-themed films in the Turkish Cinema, examines the contents of these films and makes a general discussion on them. The aim of the study is to give an answer to the question "how is the theme of Cyprus treated in the Turkish Cinema?"

The monopoly of state publishing in Europe destroyed free radios in the 1970s. The free radios that started broadcasting as pirate ones legalized over time, and in the 1980s, great part of them have been turned into community radios. Today, in every European country there are financially state-supported community radios. Private radio broadcastings in Turkey started in 1992. RTUK Law No: 3984 prevented different social sectors, especially minorities, from establishing their own radios. However, according to the Treaty of Lausanne, non-Muslim minorities living in Turkey can publish newspapers in their own language. With the development of Internet radio, this obstacle in the field of radio has actually ceased to exist; The Armenians of Istanbul founded Nor Radio and the Rums established the Radio İho Tis Polis. Thanks to the Internet, the Greek and Armenian minorities living in Turkey have had the chance to make their voices heard via radios for the first time in the history of the Republic of Turkey. Nor Radio, broadcasting in thirteen different languages and dialects, is considered as the Turkey's first community radio.
In this study, the emergence and development of community radios in Europe is explained and two online community radios of non-Muslim minority members in Turkey are examined. The scope of study is limited to the community radios in Europe and Turkey.

Despite the major advances in communication technology TV, which is followed by billions of people to hear about the news, to have their leisure time by watching serials and some programs and to be informed, still continues to be one of the most important mass media today. Affecting the thinking of audiences, enabling them to take a stand on certain issues and having the power of creating images about the places and people, television, which is one of the main tools, plays an important role in conveying the history and culture of different regions to the other people.
Today, the tourism sector is one of the most leading sectors of the world and Turkey. In Turkey, sea-sand-sun tourism is much more preferred. However, achieving the desired level of income from tourism and enabling the tourism continue all year round depend on alternative forms of tourism. Among the alternative forms of tourism cultural tourism comes first. Cultural tourism is a tourism concept that includes putting natural and cultural properties, cultural activities, contemporary art works and some socio-economic facts into the service of travelers in the form of a touristic product. In recent years, as in many parts of the world, many villages and towns of Turkey have met with tourism by means of travel programs, TV serials or films that challenge people to see different places.
Located within the borders of Nilüfer district, Misi, Gölyazı Tahtalı and Ürünlü which largely preserves the original architectural structure, have the characteristic of being a natural film plateau. The films and serials in recent years have made especially Gölyazı to be widely known and have provided a tourism mobility.
In this study, presenting the tourism potential of Nilufer by examining the contribution of TV serials and films in Turkey and the world is aimed. The method of this study is literature review. It is concluded that when the TV serial and filmmakers are encouraged, the district of Nilufer will be publicized more and will have more tourism revenues.

Ayazma kelimesi, Yunanca'da kutsal yer anlamına gelen “hagiasma” sözcüğünden Türkçe'ye geçmiştir. Ayazmalar, Rum Ortodokslarca kutsal kabul edilen ve şifa verdiğine inanılan su kaynaklarıdır. Ayazma geleneği,  Hıristiyanlar arasında yalnızca Rum Ortodokslarda bulunmaktadır. Geçtiğimiz yüzyılın başında İstanbul’da sayıları 150’yi bulan ayazmaların bir çoğu yok olmuş ve günümüze ancak seksen civarında ayazma ulaşabilmiştir. Günümüzde İstanbul'daki ayazmaları, nüfusu iki bin kişinin altına inmiş Rumlardan çok Müslüman yurttaşlar ziyaret etmekte. Dertlerine derman aramakta ve hastalıklarına şifa bulmayı umut etmektedir.  Ayazmaların İstanbul halk kültürünün önemli unsurlarından biri durumuna geldiği görülmektedir.
Üsküdar ilçesinin sınırları içinde günümüze ulaşan sekiz ayazma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Üsküdar'daki  ayazmalardan söz edilmektedir. Yöntem olarak literatür taraması ve sahada gözlem tekniği kullanılmıştır.

Ayazma is a spring of water regarded as sacred by Orthodox Greeks. It is adapted to our language from the Greek word “Hagiasma” and also it is one of the most important facts in Istanbul’s public culture. At the beginning of the century the number of ayazmas was more than 150 but today most of the ayazmas got lost. At the present time we can see mostly the ayazmas which are inside the churches and there are almost 30 separate ayazmas.

There are a lot of ayazmas in the historical peninsula. One of them is the Virgin Mary Ayazma which is in Vefa. People also say it “The First Day of The Month” Church and thousands of people from different religions visit this church every month. Visitor drinks its water and apply their bodies for cure. They bottle the water to use at home. They make wishes and light votive candles in front of the Virgin Mary icon. The ones, whose wishes occur, visit the church again. After the news which mentioned that the wishes occur and people heal at the church; the number of the visitors increased. Nowadays the number of Muslim visitors is more than Christian visitors. Currently, The Virgin Mary Ayazma is one of the most important facts of Istanbul folklore.

This study mentions The Virgin Mary Ayazma and some other ayazmas which are in Historical Peninsula. Also we tell the changes at The Virgin Mary Ayazma after being the centre of faith by the help of the news which are published at media.