saadi lahlou

Changing consumer behaviour has potential benefits for health, the economy and the environment. Change is possible, and behavioural change has been the purpose of much research; nevertheless we can still observe limited success, as in the case of food in public policies or individual diets. One reason is that models driving behavioural change interventions tend to neglect some important contextual factors. The three layers of components that channel behaviour (‘installations’ in the material, embodied and social realms) are described here and how this channelling can be hacked, modified and leveraged to foster behavioural change. Installations scaffold and control individual and collective behaviour at each step of the behavioural path with their three-layered and partly redundant structure. This redundancy makes the channelling resilient enough to train novices and to guide and repair behaviour. The three layers, physical affordances, embodied competences and social regulation are ...

This paper clarifies a long-standing ambiguity in the notion of social representations; it provides a clear operational definition of the relation between social representation and individual representation. This definition, grounded in the theory of sets, supports most current empirical investigation methods of social representations. In short, a social representation of an object in a population is the mathematical set of individual representations the individuals of that population have for this object. The components of the representation are the components used to describe this set, in intension in the mathematical sense of the term (in contrast with a definition in extension). Statistical techniques, as well as content analysis techniques, can construct such components by comparison of individual representations to extract commonalities, and that is what classic investigations on social representations indeed do. We then answer the question: how come that, in a given culture, ...

Behavioral change interventions based on social norms have proven to be a popular and cost-effective way in which both researchers and practitioners attempt to transform behavior in order to increase environmental and social sustainability in real-world contexts. In this paper, we present a systematic review of over 90 empirical studies that have applied behavioral change interventions based on social norms in field settings. Building on previous research about the sources of information that people use to understand social norms and other local determinants of behavior, we propose a framework organized along two axes that describe intervention context (situated interventions applied in the same context where the target behavior happens versus remote interventions that are applied away from that context) and type of normative information leveraged (interventions that provide summary information about a group versus interventions that expose participants to the opinions and behaviors...

Subjective Evidence-Based Ethnography (SEBE) is a family of methods developed in digital ethnography for investigation in social science based on subjective audio–video recordings using first-person perspective. Recordings are used for self-confrontation (collect subjective experience, discussion of findings and final interpretation). Several studies applying SEBE methods mentioned “introspection” as a process occurring during self-confrontation and discussed it without providing evidence of its occurrence. This article aimed at clarifying introspection and its occurrence in SEBE. After a literature review addressing introspection, the process of introspection in SEBE was analyzed, depicted and illustrated by a case study. Conditions for introspection to occur in SEBE and the related mechanisms were proposed: it was found that indirect introspection could actually occur but not frequently and could go unnoticed without lessening the quality of the analysis. A refined analysis of int...

We investigated the effect of three interventions to increase the plain water consumption of children with unhealthy drinking habits, with an innovative approach combining the three layers of Installation Theory: embodied competences, affordances and social regulation. 334 preschool children and their carers were allocated to three interventions: Control (control): no intervention, Information (info): online coaching sessions on water health benefits aiming at modifying embodied competences (knowledge), Information + Water Affordance (info + w): the same plus home delivery of small bottles of water. After three months, half of the info and info + w subjects were allocated to Social Regulation (+social) (on-line discussion forum) or no further intervention (-social). Intake of plain water and all other fluid types of the children were recorded by the carers 6 times over a year using an online 7-day fluid-specific dietary record. Over 1 year, all groups significantly increased daily w...

Abstract: We discuss the findings of a live experiment in a real-life setting, where a group of people worked on a day-to day basis in a highly digitized environment, while their activity was continuously recorded for several years. In manyways this environment has properties close to the future of the normal world where activities will be followed by sensors and

In the UbiComp 2005 workshop “Ubiquitous computing in next generation conference rooms” we learned that usability is one of the primary challenges in these spaces. Nearly all “smart” rooms, though they often have interesting and effective functionality, are very ...

Le travail se numerise. S'appuyant sur l'evolution permanente des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC), les organisations contemporaines, privees ou publiques, marchandes ou non marchandes, doivent reorganiser leurs processus de fonctionnement. Cet ouvrage rassemble ainsi les methodes et les theories, illustrees par des applications reelles, qui aideront le chercheur et le praticien (manager ou consultant) a comprendre, analyser, decrire, construire et accompagner la numerisation du travail. Il s'appuie notamment sur les travaux du Laboratoire de Design Cognitif (LDC) d'EDF R&D, dedie a l'etude du travail de bureau. Des 2000, le LDC, dirige par S. Lahlou, a ete a l'origine de l'utilisation au sein du groupe EDF de technologies innovantes comme le wifi, le VPN, la visioconference sous IP, le RFID, les machines virtuelles, la realite augmentee, divers outils de travail collaboratif en ligne, etc... Numeriser le travail presente et analyse plusieurs methodes et theories totalement nouvelles : la theorie des attracteurs cognitifs, qui explique pourquoi on se laisse capturer par de petites tâches (comme repondre a ses emails) au lieu de se consacrer a des tâches importantes, ou la methodologie de la qualite percue, qui permet d'extraire les principaux parametres d'usage (et d'eviter les fonctions inutiles proposees par les ingenieurs). Il decrit egalement de maniere claire et operationnelle la theorie de l'activite russe, revue et corrigee a la lumiere des dernieres avancees en sciences cognitives (cognition situee, cognition distribuee, embodied cognition) et de la psychologie sociale. Cette nouvelle version adaptee aux applications en entreprise repond aux attentes des specialistes. Il presente en detail la methode de realite experimentale pour gerer l'innovation dans le domaine de la numerisation. Celle-ci raccourcit le cycle de developpement des innovations et reduit les couts complets et les couts caches en integrant des le stade de la conception des specifications realistes en matiere de deploiement, exploitation, maintenance et mise a jour.

In this paper we demonstrate that Societal Psychology makes a unique contribution to the study of change through its focus on the contextual politics of change, examining the different interests at stake within any social context. Societal Psychology explores the contexts which promote or inhibit social and societal change and can be seen as a bridge between social and political psychology. It focuses on how the context shapes the ways in which societal change is understood, supported or resisted. To understand the intellectual rationale of Societal Psychology, and how it aims to foster societal change, we first consider the history of the discipline. Second, we consider what is meant by 'context', as understanding the environment of change is the hallmark of Societal Psychology. Third, we lay out three distinct features of a Societal Psychological approach to change: the politics of change; interventions and planned change; emergent change processes. Finally, the paper exam...

To examine whether four pre-selected front-of-pack nutrition labels improve food purchases in real-life grocery shopping settings, we put 1.9 million labels on 1266 food products in four categories in 60 supermarkets and analyzed the nutritional quality of 1,668,301 purchases using the FSA nutrient profiling score. Effect sizes were 17 times smaller on average than those found in comparable laboratory studies. The most effective nutrition label, Nutri-Score, increased the purchases of foods in the top third of their category nutrition-wise by 14%, but had no impact on the purchases of foods with medium, low, or unlabeled nutrition quality. Therefore, Nutri-Score only improved the nutritional quality of the basket of labeled foods purchased by 2.5% (−0.142 FSA points). Nutri-Score’s performance improved with the variance (but not the mean) of the nutritional quality of the category. In-store surveys suggest that Nutri-Score’s ability to attract attention and help shoppers rank produc...

Every day, people are exposed to images of appetizing foods that can lead to high-calorie intake and contribute to overweight and obesity. Research has documented that manipulating the visual perspective from which eating is viewed helps resist temptation by altering the appraisal of unhealthy foods. However, the neural basis of this effect has not yet been examined using neuroimaging methods. Moreover, it is not known whether the benefits of this strategy can be observed when people, especially overweight, are not explicitly asked to imagine themselves eating. Last, it remains to be investigated if visual perspective could be used to promote healthy foods. The present work manipulated camera angles and tested whether visual perspective modulates activity in brain regions associated with taste and reward processing while participants watch videos featuring a hand grasping (unhealthy or healthy) foods from a plate during functional magnetic resonance imagining (fMRI). The plate was f...

Simulation is traditionally used to reduce errors and their negative consequences. But according to modern safety theories, this focus overlooks the learning potential of the positive performance, which is much more common than errors. Therefore, a supplementary approach to simulation is needed to unfold its full potential. In our commentary, we describe the (LFS) approach to simulation and debriefing. Drawing on several theoretical frameworks, we suggest supplementing the widespread deficit-oriented, corrective approach to simulation with an approach that focusses on systematically understanding how good performance is produced in frequent (mundane) simulation scenarios. We advocate to investigate and optimize human activity based on the connected layers of any setting: the embodied competences of the healthcare professionals, the social and organizational rules that guide their actions, and the material aspects of the setting. We discuss implications of these theoretical perspecti...