Jane Burbank
New York University, History, Emeritus
Research Interests: Law, Jurisprudence, Political Science, Ideology, Legal Culture, and 3 moreCitizenship, Peasant, and Routledge
the Orthodox mission in Alaska, whose role Black views as the "light of the spirit" (223) that advanced Alaskan aboriginal populations. It is worth noting that several scholars in North America and Russia have a different vision... more
the Orthodox mission in Alaska, whose role Black views as the "light of the spirit" (223) that advanced Alaskan aboriginal populations. It is worth noting that several scholars in North America and Russia have a different vision of Russian America's history. For example, anthropologist Sergei Kan, in his Memory Eternal (1999), shows that Alaskan indigenous people, instead of embracing the Orthodox as "the light of the spirit," heavily blended Orthodoxy with their shamanic beliefs. Also, in a drastic contrast to Black, historian Andrei Grinev {The Tlingit Indians in Russian America, 1741-1867, 2005) writes about the RAC's ruthless exploitation of the indigenous population. He also adds that the company was a rigid bureaucracy unable to compete with vigorous American and British interests; Sonja Luehrmann recently elaborated on the socioeconomic development of Russian America in her "Russian Colonialism and the Asiatic Mode of Production" (Slavic Review, vol. 64, no. 4 [Winter 2005]). In a special chapter that is, in my view, the most interesting part of her book, Black explores the rise of the Creole (not to be confused with Latin American Creoles) class in Alaska. For obvious reasons, it was hard to recruit workers in Russia, so the Alaskan offspring of marriages between Russians and natives who were then educated in Russian schools formed a special estate-like category and were used to run the colony. Black's important observation is that despite their mixed-blood origins the Creoles were never thought of in racial or ethnic categories. Earlier Russian and western historians have not discussed the role of this segment of the Alaskan population in detail. Not only is Black's book a tribute to the Russian legacy in Alaska, it is also the product of her lifelong career as an anthropologist and a public historian. With her retirement and the retirement of historian Richard Pierce, another enthusiast of Russian America, the University of Alaska currently has no expert on this period of Alaskan history.
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... The other Bolsheviks: Lenin and his critics, 1904-1914. Post a Comment. CONTRIBUTORS: Author: Williams, Robert C. (b. 1938, d. ----. PUBLISHER: Indiana University Press (Bloomington). SERIES TITLE: YEAR: 1986. PUB TYPE: Book (ISBN... more
... The other Bolsheviks: Lenin and his critics, 1904-1914. Post a Comment. CONTRIBUTORS: Author: Williams, Robert C. (b. 1938, d. ----. PUBLISHER: Indiana University Press (Bloomington). SERIES TITLE: YEAR: 1986. PUB TYPE: Book (ISBN 0253342694 ). VOLUME/EDITION ...
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In her contribution in memory of Anatoly Remnev, Jane Burbank recalls meeting Remnev for the first time in 1996 during a summer school for social scientists near Vladimir in Russia. At the time, Remnev, with Petr Savel'ev, produced a... more
In her contribution in memory of Anatoly Remnev, Jane Burbank recalls meeting Remnev for the first time in 1996 during a summer school for social scientists near Vladimir in Russia. At the time, Remnev, with Petr Savel'ev, produced a draft of the research project on region and empire that has shaped much of Burbank's own research. Remnev then suggested using the region rather than the nationality or confession for framing analyses of imperial history. Although now a highly discussed theoretical problem, the regional approach for Remnev was grounded in the understanding that it would allow historians to avoid privileging a specific form of groupness (ethnic, confessional, linguistic, etc.). Burbank notes that Remnev's many works became standard references for historians of the Russian empire all over the world. For Burbank, Anatoly Remnev was utterly reliable, upright, fair, and understanding in every part of his life – a true comrade and a responsible leader.Свои воспоминания о дружбе с Анатолием Ремневым Джейн Бурбанк начинает с их первой встречи, состоявшейся на летней школе во Владимире в 1996 году. Исследовательница рассказывает историю одного из первых международных проектов по изучению Российской империи, который вырос из этого опыта и в основу которого легла идея Ремнева о региональном подходе. Эссе сочетает личные воспоминания с анализом региональной парадигмы и оценкой значения работ Ремнева для мировой историографии Российской империи.
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Insulte et châtiment devant les tribunaux locaux : la construction de la civilité en Russie impériale tardive - Le présent article examine les litiges pour insultes portés devant les tribunaux locaux en Russie impériale tardive. Les... more
Insulte et châtiment devant les tribunaux locaux : la construction de la civilité en Russie impériale tardive - Le présent article examine les litiges pour insultes portés devant les tribunaux locaux en Russie impériale tardive. Les paysans, considérés comme extérieurs au domaine du droit, eurent de fait largement recours aux tribunaux locaux pour résoudre les controverses issues de comportements publics insultants. Les paysans firent appel au droit écrit (statute law, par opposition au droit cou- tumier) et à la procédure des tribunaux locaux pour se défendre contre les abus verbaux et physiques et pour élaborer des normes de civilité. La participation de paysans aux débats devant les tribunaux de volost' établit un lien entre la population rurale et les autorités nationales, constituant un forum utile à la défense de la dignité individuelle, à la confrontation publique d'opinions contradictoires et à l'évaluation officielle d'actes perturbateurs.
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From 1917 through the present, sovereignty has been repeatedly recovered and reconfigured in Kazan and its hinterlands as the area was transferred from one complex polity to another. It is the frequent renegotiation of authority over... more
From 1917 through the present, sovereignty has been repeatedly recovered and reconfigured in Kazan and its hinterlands as the area was transferred from one complex polity to another. It is the frequent renegotiation of authority over multiple and redefinable units of political and economic control, rather than stability of institutions, that keeps the political class engaged in the reproduction of both the state and the Eurasian sovereignty regime.
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The arrogation of the right to self-discipline by professionals in imperial Russia was part of a conscious quest for corporate emancipation and individual dignity. By the late nineteenth century, professional organizations overtly... more
The arrogation of the right to self-discipline by professionals in imperial Russia was part of a conscious quest for corporate emancipation and individual dignity. By the late nineteenth century, professional organizations overtly challenged the autoc- racy's claim over the ...
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One positive and, from an intellectual standpoint, exhilarating con-sequence of the disintegration and collapse of Soviet power has been a new attentiveness to the history of the Russian Empire before 1917. On the territories of the... more
One positive and, from an intellectual standpoint, exhilarating con-sequence of the disintegration and collapse of Soviet power has been a new attentiveness to the history of the Russian Empire before 1917. On the territories of the erstwhile empire, this revisionism has taken many ...
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Les comptes rendus d'audience des tribunaux ruraux russes au debut du XX e siecle revelent le large usage que les paysans faisaient des tribunaux locaux afin de resoudre des disputes concernant le travail, les ressources, les produits... more
Les comptes rendus d'audience des tribunaux ruraux russes au debut du XX e siecle revelent le large usage que les paysans faisaient des tribunaux locaux afin de resoudre des disputes concernant le travail, les ressources, les produits et les obligations familiales. Contrairement a l'image qu'en donnaient les elites russes, les paysans n'adheraient pas a des pratiques arrierees et coutumieres, mais ils avaient recours a ces niveaux inferieurs des cours de justice pour defendre les principes du marche de maniere legale. Les juges paysans et les plaidants accordaient de la valeur a la documentation ecrite, defendaient les arrangements ecrits et executaient les valeurs d'une productivite responsable. Une societe civile fondee sur des familles se croisant via le marche existait donc bien dans les campagnes russes et etait renforcee par le large reseau des tribunaux de district
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1. The Socialist Revolutionaries and the Soviet Regime.- 2. The Announcement of the Trial and the International Socialist Movement.- 3. Preparations for the Trial.- 4. The Treatment of the Accused, Defenders and Witnesses During the... more
1. The Socialist Revolutionaries and the Soviet Regime.- 2. The Announcement of the Trial and the International Socialist Movement.- 3. Preparations for the Trial.- 4. The Treatment of the Accused, Defenders and Witnesses During the Trial.- 5. The Judicial Investigation.- 6. The Socialist Revolutionaries Versus the Bolsheviks.- 7. The Verdict and How It Was Brought About.- 8. The Propaganda Campaign.- 9. The Reactions.- 10. The End.- Conclusion.- List of Abbreviations Used in the Notes.- Notes.
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Coming into the Territory: Uncertainty and Empire. Jane Burbank and Mark von Hagen. ... O=Rourke argues that it was not state institutions, but a group=s own preservation of particular practices and ideologies that created a distinctive... more
Coming into the Territory: Uncertainty and Empire. Jane Burbank and Mark von Hagen. ... O=Rourke argues that it was not state institutions, but a group=s own preservation of particular practices and ideologies that created a distinctive Cossack community. ...
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Home Browse Authors Browse Titles My Account Title: Russian Peasants Go to Court. Author(s): Burbank, Jane. A print version is also available by visiting IUP books. Share. | More. Shopping Cart Alphabetical Listing of All Titles.... more
Home Browse Authors Browse Titles My Account Title: Russian Peasants Go to Court. Author(s): Burbank, Jane. A print version is also available by visiting IUP books. Share. | More. Shopping Cart Alphabetical Listing of All Titles. Collections. ...
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... head who merged with the Bolsheviks in 1917 (or just before) and contributed some of the more interesting leaders of the early Soviet years (Karl Radek, Khristian Ra-kovsky, Alexandra Kollontai, MS Uritsky, Adolf Ioffe, Yuri Larin,... more
... head who merged with the Bolsheviks in 1917 (or just before) and contributed some of the more interesting leaders of the early Soviet years (Karl Radek, Khristian Ra-kovsky, Alexandra Kollontai, MS Uritsky, Adolf Ioffe, Yuri Larin, and Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko, to mention a ...
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Empires governed different people differently. At one pole of empires’ repertoires of rule were the Mongols, who treated cultural difference as an ordinary fact, and possibly a useful one. At the other pole were Roman-style empires that... more
Empires governed different people differently. At one pole of empires’ repertoires of rule were the Mongols, who treated cultural difference as an ordinary fact, and possibly a useful one. At the other pole were Roman-style empires that insisted on the superiority of their civilization. Empires combined strategies and shifted among them. A polity could move through an imperial phase to more homogeneous composition, but empire-building was also a temptation for relatively uniform polities. Differential incorporation into the social fabric of empire or radical exclusion of certain categories from acceptance and political participation were variants on the politics of difference. This chapter explores issues of race, religion, differential rights, gender, ethnicity, and class as they played out across the vast spaces shaped by empires. Opponents of imperial rulers, coming from different social categories, also acted within and across imperial spaces.
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In 1946, when France’s National Constituent Assembly (l’Assemblee nationale constituante) was debating articles relating to a new constitution for the overseas empire, a deputy cited a precedent: in the year 212 CE, the Roman Emperor... more
In 1946, when France’s National Constituent Assembly (l’Assemblee nationale constituante) was debating articles relating to a new constitution for the overseas empire, a deputy cited a precedent: in the year 212 CE, the Roman Emperor Caracalla extended Roman citizenship to all male, non-slave subjects of the empire. The example, it was argued, showed that people could be citizens of an empire without renouncing their “local civilizations.” This paper explores various meanings of citizenship and rights in empires based on two different models – the Roman model and a Eurasian model – and on the contrasting examples of imperial Russia, the USSR, and 20th-century France. The discussion moves beyond the common association of citizenship with the nation-state and rights with democracy. Building and sustaining an empire, we argue, entailed the integration of diverse groups of people into a single political unit, while at the same time maintaining distinctions and hierarchies. That a 20th-century republic could look to a classical precedent demonstrates the extent to which the imaginary and structures of the imperial system retained their importance. This paper calls for recognition of the wide range of ways in which political belonging, cultural difference, and rights can be analyzed, envisioned, and understood.
Research Interests: History, Law, Political Science, Politics, Democracy, and 4 moreEmpire, Citizenship, Constitution, and Emperor
Research Interests: Philosophy and Art
Методологическую рубрику номера открывает интервью, которое редакторы Ab Imperio взяли у историка Российской империи Джейн Бурбанк и историка французской колониальной империи и колониаль- ной и постколониальной Африки Фредерика Купера –... more
Методологическую рубрику номера открывает интервью, которое редакторы Ab Imperio взяли у историка Российской империи Джейн Бурбанк и историка французской колониальной империи и колониаль- ной и постколониальной Африки Фредерика Купера – авторов недавно вышедшей фундаментальной работы “Империи в мировой истории: власть и политика разнообразия”. Взятое в июле 2010 года, интервью продолжает серию Ab Imperio “Беседы с авторами”, представляющую читателям журнала значимые публикации в области истории империи и методологии истории и социальных наук. Интервью посвящено “Им- периям в мировой истории” как попытке новаторского переосмысления опыта всемирной истории через категорию империи. При этом истори- ческий опыт евразийских и Российской империй представлен в книге в общем ряду с более конвенциональными в подобных обобщающих трудах западными колониальными империями, что делает книгу еще интереснее для специалистов по истории России/СССР. Бурбанк и Купер рассказывают о том, как зародился замысел книги в процессе преподавания в университете Мичигана и Нью-Йоркском университете. Своим главным достижением они считают попытку 44  Ab Imperio, 2/2010 осмыслить империю как политическую формацию, основанную на политике разнообразия. В книге описаны имперский политический репертуар и роль разнообразных имперских “посредников”, пред- ложен новый взгляд на мировую историю, основанный на том, что большинство населения мира в различные периоды истории проживало в империях и находилось под влиянием обстоятельств империи и/или культуры империи. Соответственно, Бурбанк и Купер стремились по- колебать устойчивые представления о естественности и неизбывности нации и национального государства, а также принятые в историогра- фии деления на домодерные (архаические; классические) и модерные империи. Авторы новой книги подчеркивают, что особую ценность в их работе представляет не сама по себе теоретическая модель, но созданный на основе инновационной структуры нарратив, в котором опыт отдельных имперских политических формаций перемежается с изучением наследия архетипических (для отдельных исторических регионов) империй и взаимодействия двух или более империй между собой. Бурбанк и Купер отвечают на целый ряд вопросов редакторов AI, касающихся подходов и оценок, высказанных в книге.
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Lenin's views on law, like so many other aspects of his intellectual life, appear in scholarly and political literature primarily as weapons—a striking quotation from State and Revolution here, an insistent instruction to the... more
Lenin's views on law, like so many other aspects of his intellectual life, appear in scholarly and political literature primarily as weapons—a striking quotation from State and Revolution here, an insistent instruction to the commissar of justice there—arms wielded in the service of particular aims and, often, interpretations of the Soviet project. A collection of these citations would yield a most disparate arsenal—jabs, slings, barbs and bombs, and sometimes the most precise button-pressings (especially when Lenin was head of state)—an arsenal drawn, it would seem, from different wars and different epochs of combat technology. It might also seem from such a survey that, where law was concerned, Lenin's various missiles were hurled at each other.
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This article puts into the same analytic frame “continental” empires, such as those of the Ottomans, the Romanovs, the Habsburgs, and the Kaisers and “overseas” empires, notably the British and French. If we avoid the trap of conventional... more
This article puts into the same analytic frame “continental” empires, such as those of the Ottomans, the Romanovs, the Habsburgs, and the Kaisers and “overseas” empires, notably the British and French. If we avoid the trap of conventional distinctions (land/sea, modern/traditional, nation-state/empire), the imperial world of 1900 becomes more intelligible and appears less like a new phenomenon. The article presents the multiple repertoires of empires, resulting from strategies intended to incorporate heterogeneous populations in a single political entity while maintaining distinctions and hierarchies, in the face of competing empires.
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Our question for today’s lively field of Russian law is, could we substitute the word “Russian” for “Western” and proceed to describe the dynamics and characteristics of a Russian legal tradition? To do so, we must first have the... more
Our question for today’s lively field of Russian law is, could we substitute the word “Russian” for “Western” and proceed to describe the dynamics and characteristics of a Russian legal tradition? To do so, we must first have the confidence, as Harold Berman did, to challenge commonly held notions of what law is. The proposal to study a legal tradition recognizes both the plurality of understandings of law and the historical construction of all legal systems. What people regard as law in different times and places depends on particular, but often intersecting, cultural trajectories and particular, often intersecting, conjunctures of power.
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Records from the township courts of rural Russia in the early twentieth century reveal Russian peasants’ extensive use of local courts to resolve disputes over labor, resources, commodities, and family obligations. Contrary to the elite... more
Records from the township courts of rural Russia in the early twentieth century reveal Russian peasants’ extensive use of local courts to resolve disputes over labor, resources, commodities, and family obligations. Contrary to the elite view that peasants adhered to customary and backward economic practices, rural people in early twentieth century Russia used the lower level courts to uphold market principles in a legal fashion. Peasant judges and litigants valued written documentation, upheld contractual arrangements and enforced values of responsible productivity. A civil society based on families intersecting through markets existed in the Russian countryside and was enhanced by the wide network of participatory township courts.]
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In 1946, when France’s National Constituent Assembly (l’Assemblee nationale constituante) was debating articles relating to a new constitution for the overseas empire, a deputy cited a precedent: in the year 212 CE, the Roman Emperor... more
In 1946, when France’s National Constituent Assembly (l’Assemblee nationale constituante) was debating articles relating to a new constitution for the overseas empire, a deputy cited a precedent: in the year 212 CE, the Roman Emperor Caracalla extended Roman citizenship to all male, non-slave subjects of the empire. The example, it was argued, showed that people could be citizens of an empire without renouncing their “local civilizations.” This paper explores various meanings of citizenship and rights in empires based on two different models – the Roman model and a Eurasian model – and on the contrasting examples of imperial Russia, the USSR, and 20th-century France. The discussion moves beyond the common association of citizenship with the nation-state and rights with democracy. Building and sustaining an empire, we argue, entailed the integration of diverse groups of people into a single political unit, while at the same time maintaining distinctions and hierarchies. That a 20th-c...
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Coming into the Territory: Uncertainty and Empire. Jane Burbank and Mark von Hagen. ... O=Rourke argues that it was not state institutions, but a group=s own preservation of particular practices and ideologies that created a distinctive... more
Coming into the Territory: Uncertainty and Empire. Jane Burbank and Mark von Hagen. ... O=Rourke argues that it was not state institutions, but a group=s own preservation of particular practices and ideologies that created a distinctive Cossack community. ...
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En un momento en que los Estados-nacion ceden ante las fuerzas del mercado y en que se tambalea la configuracion geopolitica heredada de la posguerra, los dirigentes suenan con la estabilidad. A pesar de ello, las formas de gobierno... more
En un momento en que los Estados-nacion ceden ante las fuerzas del mercado y en que se tambalea la configuracion geopolitica heredada de la posguerra, los dirigentes suenan con la estabilidad. A pesar de ello, las formas de gobierno implementadas por los imperios resultan fascinantes por su resistencia a los sobresaltos de la historia, su flexibilidad y su capacidad de unir a diferentes pueblos. ?Que podemos aprender de ellas?
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2 Au cours des débats de 1946, un délégué de centre droit, Daniel Boisdon, se référa à un événement ayant eu lieu en 212 de notre ère : l'empereur romain Caracalla avait déclaré que tous les hommes libres de l'empire seraient... more
2 Au cours des débats de 1946, un délégué de centre droit, Daniel Boisdon, se référa à un événement ayant eu lieu en 212 de notre ère : l'empereur romain Caracalla avait déclaré que tous les hommes libres de l'empire seraient citoyens romains, qu'ils habitent l'Italie, la Gaule, l'Asie mineure ...
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List of Illustrations vii Preface xi Chapter 1: Imperial Trajectories 1 Chapter 2: Imperial Rule in Rome and China 23 Chapter 3: After Rome: Empire, Christianity, and Islam 61 Chapter 4: Eurasian Connections: The Mongol Empires 93 Chapter... more
List of Illustrations vii Preface xi Chapter 1: Imperial Trajectories 1 Chapter 2: Imperial Rule in Rome and China 23 Chapter 3: After Rome: Empire, Christianity, and Islam 61 Chapter 4: Eurasian Connections: The Mongol Empires 93 Chapter 5: Beyond the Mediterranean: Ottoman and Spanish Empires 117 Chapter 6: Oceanic Economies and Colonial Societies: Europe, Asia, and the Americas 149 Chapter 7: Beyond the Steppe: Empire-Building in Russia and China 185 Chapter 8: Empire, Nation, and Citizenship in a Revolutionary Age 219 Chapter 9: Empires across Continents: The United States and Russia 251 Chapter 10: Imperial Repertoires and Myths of Modern Colonialism 287 Chapter 11: Sovereignty and Empire: Nineteenth-Century Europe and Its Near Abroad 331 Chapter 12: War and Revolution in a World of Empires: 1914 to 1945 369 Chapter 13: End of Empire? 413 Chapter 14: Empires, States, and Political Imagination 443 Suggested Reading and Citations 461 Index 481
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Lenin's views on law, like so many other aspects of his intellectual life, appear in scholarly and political literature primarily as weapons-a striking quotation from State and Revolution here, an insistent instruc-tion to the... more
Lenin's views on law, like so many other aspects of his intellectual life, appear in scholarly and political literature primarily as weapons-a striking quotation from State and Revolution here, an insistent instruc-tion to the commissar of justice there-arms wielded in the service of ...
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One positive and, from an intellectual standpoint, exhilarating con-sequence of the disintegration and collapse of Soviet power has been a new attentiveness to the history of the Russian Empire before 1917. On the territories of the... more
One positive and, from an intellectual standpoint, exhilarating con-sequence of the disintegration and collapse of Soviet power has been a new attentiveness to the history of the Russian Empire before 1917. On the territories of the erstwhile empire, this revisionism has taken many ...
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... Quand la généralisation de la qualité de citoyen à tous les sujets français est enfin entérinée par les auteurs de la constitution de 1946 ... fait référence aux précédents que représentent à ses yeux la citoyenneté des années 1790 et... more
... Quand la généralisation de la qualité de citoyen à tous les sujets français est enfin entérinée par les auteurs de la constitution de 1946 ... fait référence aux précédents que représentent à ses yeux la citoyenneté des années 1790 et celle de 1848[35] [35] Jane Burbank, Frederick ...
RésuméEn 1946, alors que l’Assemblée nationale constituante française débattait des articles relatifs à la nouvelle Constitution de l’empire français outre-mer, un député évoqua le précédent de l’empereur romain Caracalla, qui avait... more
RésuméEn 1946, alors que l’Assemblée nationale constituante française débattait des articles relatifs à la nouvelle Constitution de l’empire français outre-mer, un député évoqua le précédent de l’empereur romain Caracalla, qui avait accordé la citoyenneté romaine à tous les hommes libres de l’empire en 212 de notre ère. Cet exemple prouvait qu’il était possible d’être citoyen d’un empire sans pour autant renoncer aux « civilisations locales ». Les auteurs étudient les différentes significations de la citoyenneté et des droits au sein des empires, en s’appuyant sur deux modèles distincts – un modèle romain et un modèle eurasien – et en s’attachant à différents exemples en Russie impériale, en URSS, et dans la France du XXe siècle. L’étude va au-delà de l’association communément établie entre citoyenneté et État-nation, et entre droits et démocratie. La construction et le maintien d’un empire supposaient d’intégrer des peuples divers au sein d’une unité politique, tout en maintenant d...
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Research Interests: Civil Law, Values, Land tenure, Property, History of Law, and 10 moreCommerce, Work, Land Use, Succession, Debt, Court, Historical Studies, Legal system, Guardianship, and Geneses
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Jane Burbank, Dans l'attente de la révolution populaire : Martov et Černov dans la Russie révolutionnaire, 1917-1923. Dans les années chaotiques et décisives postérieures à la révolution d'Octobre, Ju. O. Martov et V. Černov,... more
Jane Burbank, Dans l'attente de la révolution populaire : Martov et Černov dans la Russie révolutionnaire, 1917-1923. Dans les années chaotiques et décisives postérieures à la révolution d'Octobre, Ju. O. Martov et V. Černov, leaders des partis menchevik et socialiste-...
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Copyright © 2010 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW All... more
Copyright © 2010 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW All Rights Reserved Library of ...
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A REPRESENTATION OF PEASANTS as out siders to the legal system was hege monic in elite discussions of the law in late imperial Russia. Peasants were thought by most observers to be too primitive to under stand... more
A REPRESENTATION OF PEASANTS as out siders to the legal system was hege monic in elite discussions of the law in late imperial Russia. Peasants were thought by most observers to be too primitive to under stand "real" law, too uneducated to administer "real" justice. The ...
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One goal of this article is to display the legal practices of the volost courts of rural Russia without submitting to the categories and judgments imposed upon peasants and their rural courts by Russian intellectuals and by scholars... more
One goal of this article is to display the legal practices of the volost courts of rural Russia without submitting to the categories and judgments imposed upon peasants and their rural courts by Russian intellectuals and by scholars generally. If we take as our point of departure the practice of the law by rural people, rather than beginning with assumptions about their kind of life and thought, we can approach an understanding of how the law functioned in the volost courts of late imperial Russia. Small crimes litigation - the subject of this article - displays rural people seeking to defend their ideas of dignity and public behavior through the law. I argue that the procedures of the volost courts were not as distant from those of other courts in the empire as intellectuals have imagined, and that the law was not too alien, formal or abstract to be accessible to rural people. As the extensive use by rural people of the volost' courts to settle insult cases indicates, a legal forum outside the village was an attractive means to address controversies over civil conduct. Finally, I consider the intersection of village and legal publics, and the elaboration of civic and legal awareness through the volost' courts.
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This article turns away from earlier scholarship on the law in Russia, whose investigations were framed by ideologies shared by Russian lawyers and progressive academics; I focus upon a different problematic--the nature of discipline... more
This article turns away from earlier scholarship on the law in Russia, whose investigations were framed by ideologies shared by Russian lawyers and progressive academics; I focus upon a different problematic--the nature of discipline internal to the Russian legal profession. The emphasis in earlier narratives on Russian lawyers' struggle for political change is certainly a vital aspect of their history, but it is also only a partial representation of their professional life and one that reinforces a deceptively familiar, deceptively individualized, and deceptively Western image of what lawyers were in 1917. Furthermore, the conventional stress upon the failure of the lawyers' overarching political goals precludes attention to what the bar succeeded in creating in its fifty years. These successes resulted from a different, more "everyday" and less visible project--from lawyers' efforts to shape their own profession a professional identity for their peers. For it is here, in their sustained drive values to teach new values to a new profession, that lawyers applied mechanisms of discipline that were characteristic of the hybrid world of prerevolutionary Russia and that were, unlike the liberal political project, transmitted beyond the Revolution and into the professional structures of Soviet life. Particularly today, when interpretations of the prerevolutionary past are wielded in a renewed debate on law in Russia, it is revealing to recapture the transitional and searching culture of Russian lawyers in their ordinary battles for professional identity in the last years of the old regime.
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In this article, I address four subjects. First, I propose reasons for why empires hold such significance for changes in the world order, both in the last two centuries and over the last two millennia. I next consider the different... more
In this article, I address four subjects. First, I propose reasons for
why empires hold such significance for changes in the world order, both
in the last two centuries and over the last two millennia. I next consider
the different strategies that empires have employed to rule their
populations, what Frederick Cooper and I have called “the politics of
difference,” before turning to the imperial context of political action and
imagination in the 19th and 20th centuries. I conclude with a discussion
of the dis-aggregation, destruction, creation, reconstruction, and
transformation of imperial and other states in the second half of the 20th century.
why empires hold such significance for changes in the world order, both
in the last two centuries and over the last two millennia. I next consider
the different strategies that empires have employed to rule their
populations, what Frederick Cooper and I have called “the politics of
difference,” before turning to the imperial context of political action and
imagination in the 19th and 20th centuries. I conclude with a discussion
of the dis-aggregation, destruction, creation, reconstruction, and
transformation of imperial and other states in the second half of the 20th century.
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Contrary to conventional views, law was a long-standing means of governance in the Russian empire. Based on an extensive survey of lower-level courts and a detailed analysis of two cases processed by officials in Kazan province, this... more
Contrary to conventional views, law was a long-standing means of governance in the Russian empire. Based on an extensive survey of lower-level courts and a detailed analysis of two cases processed by officials in Kazan province, this article displays the widespread usage of the legal system by peasants from different ethnic groups. Records of county and provincial offices reveal that imperial subjects were active and knowledgeable litigants who used the accessible legal system both to resolve individual grievances and to defend allocated collective rights.
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Les tribunaux paysans, instaurés en Russie après l'émancipation de 1861, permirent à la population rurale de se forger des connaissances juridiques. Ces tribunaux volost' siègèrent pendant plus d'un demi-siécle, attentifs à la... more
Les tribunaux paysans, instaurés en Russie après l'émancipation de 1861, permirent à la population rurale de se forger des connaissances juridiques. Ces tribunaux volost' siègèrent pendant plus d'un demi-siécle, attentifs à la fois à appliquer la réglementation nationale et à s'assurer la participation locale. La procédure suivie par ces tribunaux, où les affaires étaient évoquées et jugées par des juges paysans, permit de régler, sur des bases à la fois locales et juridiques, des questions de grande importance pour la population rurale: dignité de la personne, petite criminalité, contrôle des droits de propriété et des transactions économiques. Ces tribunaux ruraux furent populaires et ils contribuèrent en partie à créer des liens entre la population rurale et…
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... head who merged with the Bolsheviks in 1917 (or just before) and contributed some of the more interesting leaders of the early Soviet years (Karl Radek, Khristian Ra-kovsky, Alexandra Kollontai, MS Uritsky, Adolf Ioffe, Yuri Larin,... more
... head who merged with the Bolsheviks in 1917 (or just before) and contributed some of the more interesting leaders of the early Soviet years (Karl Radek, Khristian Ra-kovsky, Alexandra Kollontai, MS Uritsky, Adolf Ioffe, Yuri Larin, and Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko, to mention a ...
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... The other Bolsheviks: Lenin and his critics, 1904-1914. Post a Comment. CONTRIBUTORS: Author: Williams, Robert C. (b. 1938, d. ----. PUBLISHER: Indiana University Press (Bloomington). SERIES TITLE: YEAR: 1986. PUB TYPE: Book (ISBN... more
... The other Bolsheviks: Lenin and his critics, 1904-1914. Post a Comment. CONTRIBUTORS: Author: Williams, Robert C. (b. 1938, d. ----. PUBLISHER: Indiana University Press (Bloomington). SERIES TITLE: YEAR: 1986. PUB TYPE: Book (ISBN 0253342694 ). VOLUME/EDITION ...
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Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Petaling Jaya Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 1986 by... more
Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Petaling Jaya Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 1986 by Oxford University Press, ...
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The arrogation of the right to self-discipline by professionals in imperial Russia was part of a conscious quest for corporate emancipation and individual dignity. By the late nineteenth century, professional organizations overtly... more
The arrogation of the right to self-discipline by professionals in imperial Russia was part of a conscious quest for corporate emancipation and individual dignity. By the late nineteenth century, professional organizations overtly challenged the autoc- racy's claim over the ...
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One positive and, from an intellectual standpoint, exhilarating con-sequence of the disintegration and collapse of Soviet power has been a new attentiveness to the history of the Russian Empire before 1917. On the territories of the... more
One positive and, from an intellectual standpoint, exhilarating con-sequence of the disintegration and collapse of Soviet power has been a new attentiveness to the history of the Russian Empire before 1917. On the territories of the erstwhile empire, this revisionism has taken many ...
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Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Petaling Jaya Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 1986 by... more
Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Petaling Jaya Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 1986 by Oxford University Press, ...
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Frederick Cooper is a Professor of History at New York University specializing in African history, colonization and decolonization, social sciences and the colonial world. Jane Burbank is a Professor of History at New York University... more
Frederick Cooper is a Professor of History at New York University specializing in African history, colonization and decolonization, social sciences and the colonial world. Jane Burbank is a Professor of History at New York University specializing in Russian history, legal ...
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... Mark Shteinbok, a photographer for the Russian weekly magazine Ogonyok (Little Flame) known for its critical journalism, had shows at the University of Michigan, Harvard and Tufts this spring. ... A Russian peasant: An icon of... more
... Mark Shteinbok, a photographer for the Russian weekly magazine Ogonyok (Little Flame) known for its critical journalism, had shows at the University of Michigan, Harvard and Tufts this spring. ... A Russian peasant: An icon of economic backwardness, toil and strength. Faces of ...
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In this article we trace out patterns and developments beginning in the formative years of the Russian polity, but we primarily address the workings of law from the 16th century to the present. We adopt four different perspectives on the... more
In this article we trace out patterns and developments beginning in the formative years of the Russian polity, but we primarily address the workings of law from the 16th century to the present. We adopt four different perspectives on the Russian legal tradition. Our major topics are the connection between law and sovereignty in the transforming polity, the law in its everyday functions, the intermediaries of legal connection, and the technical processes of lawmaking and communication. A concluding section sets forth the enduring characteristics of the legal tradition and discusses possible breaks and shifts in the way law functioned over the long term.
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In this article I take up questions about administrative practice, and attempt to reframe an argument about personalized versus institutionalized authority. While there is every reason to emphasize that personalized power relations were... more
In this article I take up questions about administrative practice, and attempt to reframe an argument about personalized versus institutionalized authority. While there is every reason to emphasize that personalized power relations were central to Russian government from its beginnings, I would like to call into question the stark dichotomy between “personal” and “bureaucratic” types of administration. Is it workable, historically speaking, to continue to contrast “personal” with “bureaucratic” governance, or can bureaucracy and personalized authority go hand in hand in a regime of legal authority and state management? The evidence in this article derives a formal inspection of the zemskie nachal’niki of Kazan province in 1909. 38 detailed reports on these individual supervisors of rural life, as well as the editing and marginalia made by the reviewers and their own overseers, are the source of the analysis, descriptions, and argument.
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The notion that political dominion in early modern Europe, including Russia, was buttressed by the sovereign’s irregular grants of mercy is accepted generally by scholars. What can an exploration of mercy tell us when we turn to a later... more
The notion that political dominion in early modern Europe, including Russia, was buttressed by the sovereign’s irregular grants of mercy is accepted generally by scholars. What can an exploration of mercy tell us when we turn to a later period—the reforming Romanov empire—and when we look not just at rulers but at the lowly peasant judges? Did the power to attenuate legal punishment extend beyond the autocrat’s dispensations? Was forgiveness expressed in the multitudinous
judgments made at township courts? Did peasant patriarchs, empowered as judges in Russia’s countryside, enhance their personal authority by dispensing mercy? I address these questions by examining sentences and decisions at township courts of central and northern Russia made from 1905 to 1917.
judgments made at township courts? Did peasant patriarchs, empowered as judges in Russia’s countryside, enhance their personal authority by dispensing mercy? I address these questions by examining sentences and decisions at township courts of central and northern Russia made from 1905 to 1917.
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Lenin's diverse ideas of law were profoundly shaped by particular and shifting circumstances--by his polemical engagement with existing Russian law, by the prospect of legal reform of the tsarist government and by the op-portunity to... more
Lenin's diverse ideas of law were profoundly shaped by particular and shifting circumstances--by his polemical engagement with existing Russian law, by the prospect of legal reform of the tsarist government and by the op-portunity to define, rhetorically at least, the legal principles of a communist state after the 1917 revolution. This article provides an account of Lenin's views of law as they developed from the 1890s to the 1920s and comments on the implications of these multiple and changing perspectives for analysis of law in early twentieth-century Russia.
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This article sketches out what I call Russia’s “imperial rights regime” and focuses on the law and courts as areas where citizenship is practiced. I describe Russia’s “umbrella of imperial law,” address the confusing category of... more
This article sketches out what I call Russia’s “imperial rights regime”
and focuses on the law and courts as areas where citizenship is practiced. I describe Russia’s “umbrella of imperial law,” address the confusing category of “difference,” explore the significance of the imperial rights regime for both elites and commoners, set out the parameters of lower-level court practice in the late 19th century, engage briefly a 20th-century conflict between liberal plans for and peasant experience of local courts, and conclude with a consideration
of the significance of an “imperial social contract.” I suggest that both
rulers and subjects of the Russian empire—and later of the Soviet Union
held conceptions of the state, its powers, and its significance in social life that derived from their experience of a regime of differentiated, alienable, but nonetheless legal and meaningful rights. The “habitus of Russian Empire” was critical to how the polity was held together, how it came apart, and how it was put back together again (twice) in the 20th century.
and focuses on the law and courts as areas where citizenship is practiced. I describe Russia’s “umbrella of imperial law,” address the confusing category of “difference,” explore the significance of the imperial rights regime for both elites and commoners, set out the parameters of lower-level court practice in the late 19th century, engage briefly a 20th-century conflict between liberal plans for and peasant experience of local courts, and conclude with a consideration
of the significance of an “imperial social contract.” I suggest that both
rulers and subjects of the Russian empire—and later of the Soviet Union
held conceptions of the state, its powers, and its significance in social life that derived from their experience of a regime of differentiated, alienable, but nonetheless legal and meaningful rights. The “habitus of Russian Empire” was critical to how the polity was held together, how it came apart, and how it was put back together again (twice) in the 20th century.
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From 1917 through the present, sovereignty has been repeatedly recovered and reconfigured in Kazan and its hinterlands as the area was transferred from one complex polity to another. It is the frequent renegotiation of authority over... more
From 1917 through the present, sovereignty has been repeatedly recovered and reconfigured in Kazan and its hinterlands as the area was transferred from one complex polity to another. It is the frequent renegotiation of authority over multiple and redefinable units of political and economic control, rather than stability of institutions, that keeps the political class engaged in the reproduction of both the state and the Eurasian sovereignty regime.