- The University of Warwick
Coventry
CV4 7AL
Vicki Squire
University of Warwick, PAIS, Faculty Member
- Anthropology, Political Science, Sociology, International Studies, Social Sciences, Border Studies, and 13 moreCritical Security Studies, Irregular Migration, Border Studies (Geography), Critical Geopolitics, International political sociology, Politics, Political Sociology, Governance, Migration Studies, Michel Foucault, Citizenship, Immigration, and Immigration Status & Nationalityedit
- Dr Vicki Squire's research is located at the intersections of (forced) migration studies, critical citizenship studie... moreDr Vicki Squire's research is located at the intersections of (forced) migration studies, critical citizenship studies, and critical security studies. This reflects her interest in the ways in which practices and acts of mobility, security and citizenship interrelate in the production, reproduction and transformation of social formations and political subjects. She is author of 'The Exclusionary Politics of Asylum' (Palgrave, 2009), editor of 'The contested politics of mobility: Borderzones and Irregularity' (Routledge, 2010) and Assistant Editor of the journal Citizenship Studies.edit
What is the significance of the things that migrants leave behind in contemporary border struggles? In what ways to places like the desert play a role in such struggles? And what is the status of people in this context? The author... more
What is the significance of the things that migrants leave behind in contemporary border struggles? In what ways to places like the desert play a role in such struggles? And what is the status of people in this context? The author addresses these questions by assessing the politics of different humanitarian interventions at the Mexico-US border region. Examining various artistic and academic engagements of things left behind, as well as legal struggles over the distribution of water bottles and practices of recycling of discarded belongings, this book develops a unique 'more-than-human' perspective on the significance of people, places and things to humanitarian border struggles. Squire also focuses on the critical potential of a post/humanitarian border politics that transforms place by fighting for people, through things.
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What is the significance of the things that migrants leave behind in contemporary border struggles? In what ways do places like the desert play a role in such struggles? And what is the status of people in this context? The author... more
What is the significance of the things that migrants leave behind in contemporary border struggles? In what ways do places like the desert play a role in such struggles? And what is the status of people in this context? The author addresses these questions by assessing the politics of different humanitarian interventions in the Mexico-US border region. Examining various artistic and academic engagements of things left behind, as well as legal struggles over the distribution of water bottles and practices of recycling of discarded belongings, this book develops a unique 'more-than-human' perspective on the significance of people, places and things to humanitarian border struggles. While drawing attention to the ambiguities of humanitarian interventions, Squire also focuses on the critical potential of a post/humanitarian border politics that transforms place by fighting for people, through things.
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Irregular migration has emerged as an issue of intensive political debate and governmental practice over recent years. Critically intervening in debates around the governing of irregular migration, The Contested Politics of Mobility... more
Irregular migration has emerged as an issue of intensive political debate and governmental practice over recent years.
Critically intervening in debates around the governing of irregular migration, The Contested Politics of Mobility explores the politics of mobility through what is defined as an ‘analytic of irregularity’. It brings together authors who address issues of mobility and irregularity from a range of distinct perspectives, to focus on the politics of control as well as the politics of migration. The volume develops an account of irregularity as a produced, ambivalent and contested socio-political condition, showing how this is activated through wide-ranging ‘borderzones’ that pull between migration and control. Covering cases from across contemporary North America and Europe and examining a range of control mechanisms, such as biometrics, deportation and workplace raiding, the volume refuses the term ‘illegal’ to describe movements of people across borders. In so doing, it highlights the complexity of relations between different regions and between a politics of migration and a politics control, and makes a timely intervention in the intersecting fields of critical citizenship, migration and security studies.
This book will be of interest to students and scholars of politics, international relations, sociology, migration and law.
Critically intervening in debates around the governing of irregular migration, The Contested Politics of Mobility explores the politics of mobility through what is defined as an ‘analytic of irregularity’. It brings together authors who address issues of mobility and irregularity from a range of distinct perspectives, to focus on the politics of control as well as the politics of migration. The volume develops an account of irregularity as a produced, ambivalent and contested socio-political condition, showing how this is activated through wide-ranging ‘borderzones’ that pull between migration and control. Covering cases from across contemporary North America and Europe and examining a range of control mechanisms, such as biometrics, deportation and workplace raiding, the volume refuses the term ‘illegal’ to describe movements of people across borders. In so doing, it highlights the complexity of relations between different regions and between a politics of migration and a politics control, and makes a timely intervention in the intersecting fields of critical citizenship, migration and security studies.
This book will be of interest to students and scholars of politics, international relations, sociology, migration and law.
The issue of asylum has become the focus of intense debate over recent years, much of which is organized around questions regarding how far and in what ways increasing numbers of asylum seekers pose a 'problem' or a 'threat' to 'host'... more
The issue of asylum has become the focus of intense debate over recent years, much of which is organized around questions regarding how far and in what ways increasing numbers of asylum seekers pose a 'problem' or a 'threat' to 'host' states. This book steps back from this debate in order to consider how, why and with what effects such questions have come to take such a hold in UK and EU contexts. Critiquing the securitisation and criminalisation of asylum seeking, it analyses recent policy developments in relation to their wider historical, political and European contexts, and argues that the UK response effectively produces asylum seekers as scapegoats for dislocations that are caused by the shifting boundaries of the nation state. Any move beyond such an exclusionary politics, it claims, requires a distinctly political re-thinking of asylum, as well as of citizenship more widely.
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This essay considers how appeals for the abolition of structures of unfreedom, situations of violence and harm, and enduring practices of neglect and dehumanisation are generated through acts of unruly migration. It does so on the basis... more
This essay considers how appeals for the abolition of structures of unfreedom, situations of violence and harm, and enduring practices of neglect and dehumanisation are generated through acts of unruly migration. It does so on the basis of a close engagement with a counter-archive of migratory testimonies that was produced during 2015 and 2016 with people who had migrated – or were planning to migrate – across the Mediterranean to Europe. Drawing inspiration from Ruth Wilson Gilmore's conceptualisation of 'organised abandonment', the essay suggests that key dimensions of an abolitionist politics are evident in refusals of the racialised, gendered and classed dynamics of militarism and colonialism that are integral to the border complex. In so doing, it also reflects on alternatives – transformative imaginaries and forms of organising that emerge through what are interpreted as abolitionist acts of migration.
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This chapter reflects on how ‘humanitarian recycling’ can transform relations among people, across places, through things. As an expression of a gift economy, humanitarian recycling does not simply reinforce inequalities but also creates... more
This chapter reflects on how ‘humanitarian recycling’ can transform relations among people, across places, through things. As an expression of a gift economy, humanitarian recycling does not simply reinforce inequalities but also creates renewed solidarities. Squire argues that the political significance of humanitarian recycling lies in its generative potential and in the way it connects migrants who have crossed the desert with those who have not. The chapter thus argues that humanitarian recycling is an ambiguous intervention, yet effectively constitutes migration as a ‘social movement’ or collective force. Although far from ideal, humanitarian recycling is thus indicative of the existence of an alternative politics of life across the Sonoran borderzone: a politics of mutually supportive life.
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Thus far this book has told the story of an exclusionary politics of asylum that becomes caught in a self-fulfilling cycle; a cycle in which asylum seekers are interdicted and punished on the ‘grounds’ of their ‘threatening culpability’.... more
Thus far this book has told the story of an exclusionary politics of asylum that becomes caught in a self-fulfilling cycle; a cycle in which asylum seekers are interdicted and punished on the ‘grounds’ of their ‘threatening culpability’. Thus, we have seen how a discourse in which asylum is constructed as a ‘threat’ or a ‘problem’ has emerged at both the domestic and the European levels (Chapter 3), and we have seen how this criminalising and securitising discourse has become increasingly dominant across the mainstream political spectrum (Chapter 4). Indeed, we have seen how this discourse is also extended at a more diffuse technical level, thus entailing a range of restrictive policies and deterrent technologies that often produce or aggravate the very policy ‘problems’ and societal ‘threats’ that they are designed to resolve (Chapters 5 and 6). In this respect, the analysis has entailed a two-way consideration both of the way in which the logic of selective opposition is embedded in the technical practices of professionals who work across the broad field of migration control and also of the way in which such a logic is embedded in political and popular debate. In so doing, it has shown how punitive and interdictive controls consolidate the exclusionary narratives that legitimise such technologies in the first place. The analysis might thus be read as showing how asylum seekers have become the victims of an exclusionary discourse that becomes caught in a self-fulfilling cycle, the effects of which are that the institution of asylum becomes practically eroded (Chapter 5) while the reception of asylum seekers becomes an increasingly hostile and exploitative affair (Chapter 6).
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Chapter 1 charted various events and processes that serve as the conditions of emergence for the exclusionary politics of asylum. This chapter adds to this historical contextualisation of asylum discourse both by situating it within a... more
Chapter 1 charted various events and processes that serve as the conditions of emergence for the exclusionary politics of asylum. This chapter adds to this historical contextualisation of asylum discourse both by situating it within a longer history of exclusionary post-war immigration discourse, and also by further examining the exclusionary processes through which restrictive controls have been legitimised at the UK and EU levels. This dual focus on the exclusionary reverberations of domestic discourse and on the exclusionary commonalities of EU and domestic discourse is important for two reasons. First, it enables us to consider how exclusionary politics have a broader significance beyond our specific case study and, second, it allows us to explore how the exclusionary framing of asylum emerges even where ‘post-national’ or ‘post-statal’ citizenship potentially breaks with state governance and national belonging (Soysal, 1994; Weiner, 1998). Indeed, the analysis in this chapter suggests that it is precisely in a context whereby state governance and national belonging are subject to heightened dislocation that the exclusionary politics of asylum emerge.
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This chapter examines how relations of privilege and violence are integral to the formation and maintenance of the US–Mexico border, and considers the significance of humanitarian activism across the Sonoran borderzone. There is a... more
This chapter examines how relations of privilege and violence are integral to the formation and maintenance of the US–Mexico border, and considers the significance of humanitarian activism across the Sonoran borderzone. There is a longstanding relationship of asymmetry between Mexico and the US, which is evident in contemporary struggles over migration across the Sonoran desert. Such struggles can have lethal consequences where those travelling without authorisation are ‘funnelled’ through the desert as a remote and dangerous terrain. Squire reflects upon the potentials and limitations of humanitarian activism in this context, considering how humanitarianism emerges both as a mechanism of the power and as an ambiguous form of activism that mediates between contending forces of migration and of control.
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This chapter highlights the ways in which the Sonoran borderzone involves ‘another politics of life’. This alternative politics potentially transforms the violence of unequal relations that privilege some forms of life over others, by... more
This chapter highlights the ways in which the Sonoran borderzone involves ‘another politics of life’. This alternative politics potentially transforms the violence of unequal relations that privilege some forms of life over others, by engaging a politics of mutually supportive life. Post/humanitarian border politics is a field of contested action that has ‘the human’ as a political stake, and enacts a fight for people, through things, in terms that can transform places. This is of critical significance under conditions whereby some people are ‘left to die’. Post/humanitarian border politics in this regard affirms life in the face of a lethal politics of life and death. The Sonoran borderzone is in this regard a site of ‘multiple realities’, rather than a singular site of domination.
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This chapter explores the significance of the desert to the contemporary politics of mobility, by examining humanitarian water drops across the Sonoran borderzone. Leaving water for migrants in the desert contests biophysical violence,... more
This chapter explores the significance of the desert to the contemporary politics of mobility, by examining humanitarian water drops across the Sonoran borderzone. Leaving water for migrants in the desert contests biophysical violence, which Squire defines as a form of violence that involves socialphysical forces that act directly on the biological constitution of migrating bodies. However, activists have also been challenged on the grounds of ‘humanitarian littering’ when leaving water for migrants in the desert. This chapter examines several legal cases in order to show how water drops entail a struggle over ‘the human’ as a political stake. It considers water drops as interventions that engage an extended response-ability, and that as such transform the desert into a more human/e place.
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An analysis of the contemporary politics of asylum brings to the fore both exclusionary practices of governance and exclusionary articulations of belonging. For example, a raft of measures that are designed to restrict and deter access to... more
An analysis of the contemporary politics of asylum brings to the fore both exclusionary practices of governance and exclusionary articulations of belonging. For example, a raft of measures that are designed to restrict and deter access to asylum systems have become standard across Europe in recent years, while the criteria for recognising asylum claims have widely been tightened (Boswell, 2003b). Indeed, such measures are largely conceived of as legitimate in the face of unauthorised entrance (Boswell, 2007). It is this assumption of the legitimacy of restrictive controls that this analysis seeks to challenge. It shows how the construction of asylum as a ‘problem’ or ‘threat’ needs to be understood in relation to the wider articulation of political community as a territorially defined entity that requires protection from ‘alien’ incursion. In this book political community is thus shown to be precariously reconstructed in territorial terms through the development of exclusionary relations of governance and belonging. While the book works from the assumption that both the inevitability and desirability of a territorial rendering of political community is open to debate, the book also conceive its contemporary rearticulation in relation to asylum to be highly problematic because of the exclusionary tendencies such a relation entails. This analysis thus seeks to challenge the articulation of the asylum seeker as a scapegoat figure onto which various dislocations of the territorial order are projected (see Chapter 1).
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In the last chapter we saw how the articulation of asylum as a ‘threat’ associated with unauthorised entrance entails an extension of interdictive ‘external’ controls in terms that feed into an exclusionary cycle of securitisation and... more
In the last chapter we saw how the articulation of asylum as a ‘threat’ associated with unauthorised entrance entails an extension of interdictive ‘external’ controls in terms that feed into an exclusionary cycle of securitisation and criminalisation. This process, it was argued, effectively extends migration controls in terms that shrink the political space of asylum through pre-emptive refoulement. Indeed, this process is reflected in the analysis of ‘reception’ provisions in this chapter, which are better approached as ‘internal’ migration controls. The development of criminalising and securitising interdictive technologies at the ‘external’ level has important implications when it comes to a consideration of the position of those who enter the territory of the UK to claim asylum. While the 1951 Convention legally permits asylum seekers to enter a ‘host’ country without authorisation, the interdictive state is less permissive. New arrivals that apply for asylum either ‘in-country’ or ‘at port’ are already discursively inscribed as ‘threatening’ transgressors who are in cohorts with criminal smugglers, despite their having committed a crime against nobody (see Chapter 5). Where exclusionary managerial assumptions regarding the culpability of asylum seekers are entrenched across the political, popular and technical levels, ‘internal’ migration controls thus move in a punitive direction.
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This book tells two stories. The first story has as its primary character a sovereign state. This state strives to protect its citizens against the negative imposition of uninvited non-citizens, while the latter risk life and limb in... more
This book tells two stories. The first story has as its primary character a sovereign state. This state strives to protect its citizens against the negative imposition of uninvited non-citizens, while the latter risk life and limb in order to steal the benefits of which the former are the rightful recipients. As we will see, there is seemingly no end to this story, because the sovereign state effectively generates the ‘problem’ or ‘threat’ to which it is opposed. The second story has as its primary figure the ‘asylum seeker’, who is defined according to his or her ‘unauthorised’ entrance into a foreign territory. This mobile character, in risking life and limb, serves as an exemplary figure that renders visible the exclusionary practices employed by the state in its attempt to maintain a territorial order. The ending of this story remains unclear. Will the asylum seeker be consigned to the role of a scapegoat, or will s/he constitute herself/himself as a political agent within a broader movement towards a ‘post-national’ or ‘post-territorial’ citizenship?
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The analysis thus far has shown that asylum policy has become increasingly restrictive in the UK since Labour came into power, and that it is in relation to the UK’s movement towards Europe that we can, in part, understand the development... more
The analysis thus far has shown that asylum policy has become increasingly restrictive in the UK since Labour came into power, and that it is in relation to the UK’s movement towards Europe that we can, in part, understand the development of the exclusionary politics of asylum. While Part II of the analysis focused on the exclusionary operations through which restrictive policy developments are naturalised, normalised and decontested in domestic and European debates, this part considers the exclusionary operations through which oppositional narratives of asylum-cum-illegal-immigration are consolidated by ‘internal’ and ‘external’ technologies of control. Specifically, this rests on the observation that any analysis of the exclusionary operations of managed migration requires a two-way consideration both of the way in which the logic of selective opposition is embedded in the technical practices of professionals who work across the broad field of migration control, as well as of the way in which such a logic is embedded in political and popular debate (see Chapter 2). Indeed, a proper consideration of the dominance or decontestation of restrictive developments in the area of asylum requires an analysis of the ways in which the administration of human mobility is extended and dispersed through technical practices of migration control that are selectively applied according to a rationality of deterrence.
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The last chapter examined how the extension of restrictive controls over asylum-seeking-cum-illegal-immigration is effectively naturalised and normalised across both UK and EU political discourse through various exclusionary operations.... more
The last chapter examined how the extension of restrictive controls over asylum-seeking-cum-illegal-immigration is effectively naturalised and normalised across both UK and EU political discourse through various exclusionary operations. These operations, along with their effective naturalisations and normalisations are central to understanding the dominance of the exclusionary politics of asylum. This chapter further examines the process by which exclusionary asylum discourse has become dominant in the domestic context. Specifically, it considers how contestations of restrictive controls have been limited or marginalised, how the limitation of contestation is reflected in the increased dominance of restriction across the political spectrum and how the dominance of restriction reflects the dominance of exclusionary narratives of asylum. This entails a wider examination of public, political and popular discourse so that the limited scope of contestation can be further explored. Specifically, the chapter examines public, party political and press discourse in order to explore how the ‘central ground’ of domestic political debate has been occupied by an exclusionary discourse of asylum ‘problem’ or ‘threat’ over recent years. This enables us to explore the ways in which restrictive controls are naturalised through of a range of exclusionary narratives in which asylum is constructed as a ‘problem’ or ‘threat’ to political community.
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The chapter proceeds in four parts. First, we examine the activities of City of Sanctuary by providing an overview of its organisation, ideals and practices. In so doing, we draw distinctions between the formal articulation of sanctuary... more
The chapter proceeds in four parts. First, we examine the activities of City of Sanctuary by providing an overview of its organisation, ideals and practices. In so doing, we draw distinctions between the formal articulation of sanctuary found in this movement, and ...
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This article draws attention to the limitations of the UK's integration and cohesion agenda and introduces an alternative analytical approach that focuses on solidarity, mobility and citizenship over cohesion, integration and... more
This article draws attention to the limitations of the UK's integration and cohesion agenda and introduces an alternative analytical approach that focuses on solidarity, mobility and citizenship over cohesion, integration and community. Developing such an approach through analysing the City of Sanctuary network and the Strangers into Citizens campaign, the article has two interrelated objectives. First, it aims to shed critical light on the assumptions regarding community that inform the UK's integration and cohesion agenda, which involves a series of contradictions that exclude asylum seekers and irregular migrants as subjects of integration and cohesion. Second, it aims to offer some reflections on how these assumptions are challenged by the City of Sanctuary network and the Strangers into Citizens campaign, based on the activation of mobile solidarities that cut across established social hierarchies. In so doing, the article suggests that the UK's approach to integrat...
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Reclaiming Migration critically assesses the EU’s policy agenda on migration by directly engaging the voices of Europe’s so-called ‘migrant crisis’ that remain largely unheard: those of people on the move. It undertakes an extensive... more
Reclaiming Migration critically assesses the EU’s policy agenda on migration by directly engaging the voices of Europe’s so-called ‘migrant crisis’ that remain largely unheard: those of people on the move. It undertakes an extensive analysis of a counter-archive of migratory testimonies co-produced with people on the move across the Mediterranean during 2015 and 2016, to document the ways in which EU policy developments both produce and perpetuate the precarity of lived experiences on the part of those migrating under perilous conditions. The book draws attention to the flawed assumptions embedded within the deterrence paradigm and policies of anti-smuggling, within protection mechanisms and asylum procedures that rely on a linear account of migratory journeys, and within the EU’s self-identification as a place of human rights and humanitarianism. Yet, it also goes further to show how the experiences of precarity to which such policies give rise are inseparable from claims and demands for justice that are advanced by people on the move, who collectively provide a damning critique of the EU policy agenda. Reclaiming Migration develops a distinctive ‘anti-crisis’ approach to the analysis of migratory politics and highlights the ways in which migration itself can be understood as an anti-colonial movement. Written collectively by a team of esteemed scholars from across multiple disciplines, the book serves as an important contribution to debates within migration, border and refugee studies, as well as more widely to debates about postcolonialism and the politics of knowledge production
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This paper examines how historical and geographical relations of injustice are 'made present'through the activities of the City of Sanctuary network in Sheffield, the UK. In so doing, it exposes the limitations of... more
This paper examines how historical and geographical relations of injustice are 'made present'through the activities of the City of Sanctuary network in Sheffield, the UK. In so doing, it exposes the limitations of conceptualising and enacting sanctuary through the ...
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This chapter examines how many of those refugees and asylum seekers making transnational journeys are classified as irregular migrants by states who seek to make such movements illegitimate. It considers the framing, targeting, and active... more
This chapter examines how many of those refugees and asylum seekers making transnational journeys are classified as irregular migrants by states who seek to make such movements illegitimate. It considers the framing, targeting, and active production of ‘forced migrants as illegal migrants’ in the literature and highlights the importance of the labels of ‘forced’ and ‘illegal’ in the governing of migration. It discusses the concept of ‘figures of migration’, which is based on the notion that categorizations of people on the move such as the ‘refugee’ or the ‘illegal migrant’ do not represent distinct social groups sharing characteristic features. Furthermore, it looks at how academic knowledge production might intervene in the contested politics of mobility in order to refuse, destabilize, or subvert the terms by which the rendering of ‘forced migrants as illegal migrants’ has become unambiguous.
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Data includes an overview of demographic details of research participants, including the sites and dates of interviews. For ethical reasons, interview transcripts and visual data are excluded from this data set.
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In what ways has migration as a field of scholarship contributed to the discipline of International Relations (IR)? How can migration as a lived experience shed light on international politics as a field of interconnections? And how might... more
In what ways has migration as a field of scholarship contributed to the discipline of International Relations (IR)? How can migration as a lived experience shed light on international politics as a field of interconnections? And how might migration as a political and analytical force compel IR to confront its privileged subjects? This article addresses these questions by focusing specifically on precarious migration from the Global South to the Global North. It shows how critical scholars refuse the suggestion that such migrations pose a ‘global challenge’ or problem to be resolved, considering instead how contemporary practices of governing migration effectively produce precarity for many people on the move. It also shows how critical works point to longer standing racialised dynamics of colonial violence within which such governing practices are embedded, to emphasise both the limitations of liberal humanitarianism as well as the problematic politics of ‘the human’ that this invol...
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This article explores the hidden geographies of what has been widely referred to as the ‘Mediterranean migration crisis’ of 2015 and 2016. Specifically, it draws on a large-scale analysis of migratory testimonies from across the central... more
This article explores the hidden geographies of what has been widely referred to as the ‘Mediterranean migration crisis’ of 2015 and 2016. Specifically, it draws on a large-scale analysis of migratory testimonies from across the central and eastern Mediterranean routes, in order to explore the claims or demands posed to European policy-makers by people on the move. Reflecting on the idea that migration forms a subversive political act that disrupts spatialised inequalities and longer histories of power and violence, the article sets out the argument advanced by scholars of the autonomy of migration approach that migration forms a ‘social movement’ involving subjective acts of escape. It makes the case for a move beyond an abstract account of migration as a social movement, to emphasise the importance of an analysis that unpacks the concrete ways in which multiple ‘nonmovements’ expose the hidden geographies of the so-called ‘crisis’. In so doing, it draws attention to two specific w...
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How can research contribute to a positive transformation of the politics of migration? This article addresses the question with reference to a recent research project, Crossing the Mediterranean Sea by Boat, which maps and documents the... more
How can research contribute to a positive transformation of the politics of migration? This article addresses the question with reference to a recent research project, Crossing the Mediterranean Sea by Boat, which maps and documents the journeys and experiences of people on the move across the Mediterranean. It explores how qualitative research engaging research participants as people with the authority to speak can affect change by exposing claims and demands that compel ‘receiving communities’ to bear witness to the contemporary violence of policies and practices. Exploring the dissemination strategy of sharing stories through interactive maps and research–art collaboration, the article emphasises the importance of strategies that foster constructive connections between diverse constituencies. This development, the article argues, involves a process of translation that goes beyond a form of passive empathy and that works towards positive transformation of a slower duration, albeit...
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This article explores how mobile solidarities are forged through precariousness at City Plaza, a disused hotel and collective refugee accommodation space in Athens, which has become a notorious site of resistance in the midst of the... more
This article explores how mobile solidarities are forged through precariousness at City Plaza, a disused hotel and collective refugee accommodation space in Athens, which has become a notorious site of resistance in the midst of the so-called “European migration crisis.” Drawing on qualitative research carried out during 2016, the article explores how solidarities are created at this space in terms that not only challenge the abandonment of lives rendered disposable through camps, but also the rendering of lives vulnerable through humanitarian accommodation initiatives that seek to integrate those most in need of protection. While pointing to the significance of critical analyses of abandoned and disposable lives in the context of current migratory conditions across Europe, the article highlights the limitations of a frame of vulnerability specifically. It draws on the work of Judith Butler to argue that the relations of solidarity which are forged at City Plaza are better understoo...
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The politics of migration has become increasingly prominent as a site of struggle. However, the active subjecthood of people on the move in precarious situations is often overlooked. Irregular migration struggles raise questions about how... more
The politics of migration has become increasingly prominent as a site of struggle. However, the active subjecthood of people on the move in precarious situations is often overlooked. Irregular migration struggles raise questions about how to understand the agency of people who are marginalised. What does it mean to engage people produced as ‘irregular’ as active subjects of trans-border politics? And what new research strategies can we employ to this end? The articles presented in this Special Issue of Politics each differently explore how actions by or on behalf of irregular/ised migrants involve processes of subjectivity formation that imply a form of agency. Collectively we explore how irregular migration struggles feature as a site marked by active subjects of trans-border politics. We propose a research agenda based on tracing those processes – both regulatory, activist, and everyday – that negotiate and contest how an individual is positioned as an ‘irregular migrant’. The eth...
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What are the most appropriate conceptual tools by which to develop an analysis of ‘unauthorised migration’? Is ‘migrant agency’ an effective critical concept in the context of a so-called European migration ‘crisis’? This article reflects... more
What are the most appropriate conceptual tools by which to develop an analysis of ‘unauthorised migration’? Is ‘migrant agency’ an effective critical concept in the context of a so-called European migration ‘crisis’? This article reflects on these questions through a detailed exploration of the ‘structure/agency debate’. It suggests the need for caution in engaging such a conceptual frame in analysing the politics of unauthorised migration. Despite the sophistication of many relational accounts of structure-agency, the grounding of this framework in questions of intentionality risks reproducing assumptions about subjects whose decision to migrate is more or less free from constraint. The article argues that such assumptions are analytically problematic because they involve a simplification of processes of subjectivity formation. Moreover, it also argues that they are normatively and politically problematic in the context of debates around unauthorised migration because discussions o...
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How can the ‘materialist turn’ contribute to the reshaping of critical geopolitics? This article draws attention to the limits of an approach that emphasises the representational, cultural, and interpretive dimensions of geopolitics,... more
How can the ‘materialist turn’ contribute to the reshaping of critical geopolitics? This article draws attention to the limits of an approach that emphasises the representational, cultural, and interpretive dimensions of geopolitics, while acknowledging the difficulties of an ontological shift to materiality for many scholars of critical geopolitics. It draws on the work of Karen Barad and Annemarie Mol in order to advance three arguments for the reshaping of critical geopolitics as a field of research. First, it argues for an approach to the analysis of power that examinesmaterialdiscursive intra-actionsand that cuts across various ontological, analytical, and disciplinary divides. Second, it argues for an analysis of boundary-production that focuses on the mutualenactmentor co-constitution of subjects, objects, and environments rather than on performance. Third, it argues for an analytical approach that engages the terrain of geopolitics in terms of amultiplicity of ‘cuts’that tro...
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How can research contribute to a positive transformation of the politics of migration? This article addresses the question with reference to a recent research project, Crossing the Mediterranean Sea by Boat, which maps and documents the... more
How can research contribute to a positive transformation of the politics of migration? This article addresses the question with reference to a recent research project, Crossing the Mediterranean Sea by Boat, which maps and documents the journeys and experiences of people on the move across the Mediterranean. It explores how qualitative research engaging research participants as people with the authority to speak can affect change by exposing claims and demands that compel 'receiving communities' to bear witness to the contemporary violence of policies and practices. Exploring the dissemination strategy of sharing stories through interactive maps and research-art collaboration, the article emphasises the importance of strategies that foster constructive connections between diverse constituencies. This, the article argues, involves a process of translation that goes beyond a form of passive empathy, and that works toward positive transformation of a slower duration, albeit in terms that remain discomforting.
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This article analyses the European anti-smuggling agenda as an anti-policy that derives legitimacy from fighting ‘bad things’, in terms that mask political disagreement. By juxtaposing the agenda to the experiences and understandings of... more
This article analyses the European anti-smuggling agenda as an anti-policy that derives legitimacy from fighting ‘bad things’, in terms that mask political disagreement. By juxtaposing the agenda to the experiences and understandings of those whom such measures affect most directly – people migrating without authorisation to the EU – it uncovers the productivity of anti-smuggling and the political contestations surrounding it. Based on a qualitative analysis of 257 interviews carried out with 271 people who travelled – or sought to travel – across the Mediterranean Sea by boat using smuggling networks, the article highlights the complicity of governing authorities and officials with smuggling networks and practices, as well as the diversity and ambivalences of relationships between smugglers and the smuggled. Going further, the article points to the specific ways in which anti-smuggling is contested by those on the move, which expose a central political disagreement over the legitimacy of mobility across borders.
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This article explores how mobile solidarities are forged through precariousness at City Plaza, a disused hotel and collective refugee accommodation space in Athens, which has become a notorious site of resistance in the midst of the... more
This article explores how mobile solidarities are forged through precariousness at City Plaza, a disused hotel and collective refugee accommodation space in Athens, which has become a notorious site of resistance in the midst of the so-called " European migration crisis. " Drawing on qualitative research carried out during 2016, the article explores how solidarities are created at this space in terms that not only challenge the abandonment of lives rendered disposable through camps, but also the rendering of lives vulnerable through humanitarian accommodation initiatives that seek to integrate those most in need of protection. While pointing to the significance of critical analyses of abandoned and disposable lives in the context of current migratory conditions across Europe, the article highlights the limitations of a frame of vulnerability specifically. It draws on the work of Judith Butler to argue that the relations of solidarity which are forged at City Plaza are better understood in terms of a form of precarity or precariousness that is shared, yet unevenly distributed.
This photo essay examines the sea as a divided space, and as marked by the existence of parallel lives. Images taken during fieldwork on the small Mediterranean island of Lampedusa in 2015 are used to examine the ways in which these... more
This photo essay examines the sea as a divided space, and as marked by the existence of parallel lives. Images taken during fieldwork on the small Mediterranean island of Lampedusa in 2015 are used to examine the ways in which these divisions are experienced, questioned and problematized by inhabitants of and visitors to the island. Lampedusa emerges here as a site of contested memorials and hospitalities, where lost lives are at best imperfectly recovered. The essay shows how a series of familiar gendered dynamics play into this division of places and lives, yet in multiple, fragmented and contested ways.
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This paper charts the development of restrictive asylum policy since New Labour came into power in 1997, and assesses party political responses to asylum during this period. It considers how far a discourse of control has become dominant... more
This paper charts the development of restrictive asylum policy since New Labour came into power in 1997, and assesses party political responses to asylum during this period. It considers how far a discourse of control has become dominant across the political spectrum over recent ...
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The European Union is often seen as a laboratory for a post-national polity. Leaving aside important discussions regarding exclusionary citizenship practices at the European level, this article draws attention to the on-going importance... more
The European Union is often seen as a laboratory for a post-national polity. Leaving aside important discussions regarding exclusionary citizenship practices at the European level, this article draws attention to the on-going importance of member states' citizenship traditions, which ...
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A BSTRACT Does New Labour's multicultural introduction of the 2002 White Paper 'Secure Borders, Safe Haven: Integration with Diversity in Modern Britain' mark a progressive shift in migration policy? Analysing policy... more
A BSTRACT Does New Labour's multicultural introduction of the 2002 White Paper 'Secure Borders, Safe Haven: Integration with Diversity in Modern Britain' mark a progressive shift in migration policy? Analysing policy debates surrounding the 2002 legislation through a ...
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This article examines how historical and geographical relations of injustice are “made present” through the activities of the City of Sanctuary network in Sheffield, the UK. In so doing, it exposes the limitations of conceptualizing and... more
This article examines how historical and geographical relations of injustice are “made present” through the activities of the City of Sanctuary network in Sheffield, the UK. In so doing, it exposes the limitations of conceptualizing and enacting sanctuary through the frame of hospitality, and proposes an analytics of “rightful presence” as an alternative frame with which to address contemporary sanctuary practices. In contrast to a body of scholarship and activism that has focused on hospitality as extending the bounds of citizenship to “include” those seeking refuge, we consider how the “minor” politics of City of Sanctuary potentially trouble the assumptions on which such claims to inclusion rest. Our emphasis on the “minor” politics of “making present” injustices is important in bringing to bear an account of justice that is grounded in concrete political struggles, in contrast to the more abstract notion of a justice “to come,” associated with some accounts of hospitality. To explore sanctuary practices through a relational account of justice brings to bear a politically attuned account of rightful presence, which potentially challenges pastoral relations of guest–host and the statist framing of sanctuary with which relations of hospitality are intimately bound. This is important, we conclude, in countering the assumption that including the excluded solves the “problem,” or relieves the “crisis,” of asylum.
How does an analysis of the discarded belongings of migrants shed critical light on what it means to be ‘human’? And what can ‘posthumanism’ bring to an analysis of different engagements with ‘desert/ed trash’? This article addresses... more
How does an analysis of the discarded belongings of migrants shed critical light on what it means to be ‘human’? And what can ‘posthumanism’ bring to an analysis of different engagements with ‘desert/ed trash’? This article addresses these questions by examining how ‘things’, as well as ‘people’, play a key role in the politics of mobility. Specifically, it focuses on humanitarian activist engagements with the things that migrants leave behind across the Mexico-US Sonoran desert. In so doing, the article considers the potential of posthumanist scholarship in moving beyond the lure of ‘naïve humanism’, which the article suggests is a key problem for both theory and practice in the context of humanitarian activism. It makes the case for a posthumanist approach that rejects the human/nonhuman divide as an analytical starting point, and that explores the socialphysical becoming and unbecoming of subjects-objects-environments more than it does emphasise the agential capacity things. Inspired by the work of Karen Barad in particular, the article suggests that the importance of posthumanist scholarship is that it opens up new avenues by which to critically interrogate the constitution of ‘the human’, yet in terms that can remain attuned to struggles against the violence of processes of dehumanisation. By revisiting humanitarian engagements with discarded migrant belongings in such terms, the article thus emphasises the significance of a materialdiscursive analysis of the co-constitution of people, places and things while highlighting the multiple realities of the Sonoran desert.
European citizenship is marked by a tension: between a citizenship that is derivative of the nation-state and a citizenship that is defined by free movement. Approaching this tension as symptomatic of a deep-rooted contradiction between... more
European citizenship is marked by a tension: between a citizenship that is derivative of the nation-state and a citizenship that is defined by free movement. Approaching this tension as symptomatic of a deep-rooted contradiction between integration and mobility that is constitutive of modern social formations, this article develops a political sociology of mobility that challenges territorial and culturalist accounts of European citizenship. It does so by exploring the political enactment of European citizenship by marginalized subjects, whose engagement in relations of exchange serves as the ground for acts of European citizenship that ‘mobilize mobility’. This is illustrated by an analysis of the 2005 Declaration for the Rights of Sex Workers in Europe.
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hat happens to citizenship when the nation and the state are no longer assumed to be the inevitable starting points from which politics is defined? This paper considers how a refusal of the nation as political community and a questioning... more
hat happens to citizenship when the nation and the state are no longer assumed to be the inevitable starting points from which politics is defined? This paper considers how a refusal of the nation as political community and a questioning of the state as guarantor of rights and responsibilities reconfigure our understandings of citizenship. We do this by taking as a metaphor and analytical entry point an art installation developed by artist Toma ̈ s Saraceno titled 14 Billions (Working Title). Forming an exaggerated version of a black widow spider's web, this installation offers us a way of engaging politics in relational terms. Inspired by this installation, we ask: how are the categories of citizenship and community troubled or reconfigured when we address sociality and politics from a relational perspective? In which ways does 14 Billions prompt us to address questions of spatiality, power, coexistence, and contestation differently from those accounts of citizenship that remain wedded to the state as a contained geographical unit and to the nation as an imaginary of political community? And finally, how might this web installation suggest an intervention into the broader problematic of `citizenship without community' that forms the focus of this theme issue? We address these questions by way of an engagement with the `lines', `gaps', and `tension points' presented by 14 Billions and argue that an understanding of citizenship as based upon membership appears inadequate when we address politics through a web. In so doing, we contend that the provocation of citizenship without community presents a challenge that does not simply demand a shift from the nation to the state or the reaffirmation of a rights-bearing subject; rather, this provocation leads us to argue that politics involves more than a search for inclusion and recognition, whilst the web installation offers us a way in to thinking about politics through heterogeneous sites and moments of encounter.
. In October 2005 200 delegates from twenty-eight countries in Europe gathered in Brussels to take part in an event for sex workers’ rights, which involved a three-day conference, the presentation of a Declaration on the Rights of Sex... more
. In October 2005 200 delegates from twenty-eight countries in Europe gathered in Brussels to take part in an event for sex workers’ rights, which involved a three-day conference, the presentation of a Declaration on the Rights of Sex Workers in Europe in the European Parliament, the drafting of a Manifesto, recommendations for policy makers, a party, and a demonstration. The sex workers’ mobilisation appears, at first sight, to be an exemplary form of active citizenship. Nevertheless, despite engaging European institutions, being active participants, and making use of the language of rights, we argue that the sex workers’ mobilisation challenges the conception of active European Union (EU) citizenship. In particular, we show how sex workers activists question territorially and culturally bounded practices of EU citizenship by enacting mobilities that exceed the instituted forms of free movement and that bring to bear a mode of sociality that is enacted through exchange relations between strangers. Specifically, we suggest that the concept of ‘acts of citizenship’ is better equipped than juridical or practice-orientated accounts of citizenship to engage a critical analysis of the ways that European citizenship is made and remade by the sex workers. Furthermore, we claim that the case of the sex workers demands attention be paid to the complex ways in which ‘mobilisations of mobility’ entails the disruption and enactment of European citizenship ‘on the ground’, rather than a simple extension of European citizenship beyond its existing bounds.
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What are the most appropriate conceptual tools by which to develop an analysis of ‘unauthorised migration’? Is ‘migrant agency’ an effective critical concept in the context of a so-called European migration ‘crisis’? This article reflects... more
What are the most appropriate conceptual tools by which to develop an analysis of ‘unauthorised migration’? Is ‘migrant agency’ an effective critical concept in the context of a so-called European migration ‘crisis’? This article reflects on these questions through a detailed exploration of the ‘structure/agency debate’. It suggests the need for caution in engaging such a conceptual frame in analysing the politics of unauthorised migration. Despite the sophistication of many relational accounts of structure-agency, the grounding of this framework in questions of intentionality risk reproducing assumptions about subjects whose decision to migrate is more or less free from constraint. The article argues that such assumptions are analytically problematic, because they involve a simplification of processes of subjectivity formation. Moreover, it also argues that they are they normatively and politically problematic in the context of debates around unauthorised migration, because discussions of structure/agency can easily slip into the legitimisation of wider assumptions about the culpability and/or victimhood of people on the move. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s theorisation of subjectification, the article proposes an alternative analytics of acts, interventions and effects by which to address the politics of unauthorised migration in the midst of a so-called ‘migration crisis’.
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What is the political significance of humanitarian activist engagements with the discarded belongings of migrants? This article explores how bordering practices between states resonate with bordering practices between the human and... more
What is the political significance of humanitarian activist engagements with the discarded belongings of migrants? This article explores how bordering practices between states resonate with bordering practices between the human and non-human. It argues that attempts to transform ‘desert/ed trash’ into objects of value are nothing less than struggles over the very category of ‘the human’ itself. Focusing on humanitarian engagements with the objects that migrants leave behind across the Mexico-US Sonoran desert, it explores how the politics of human mobility involves the co-constitution of ‘people’, ‘places’ and ‘things’ in multiple ways. By contrast to a posthumanist analysis that emphasises the agency of material things based on a distinction between the human and the nonhuman, I draw on the work of Karen Barad in order to develop a ‘more-than-human’ account of the materialdiscursive un/becomings of subjects-objects-environments as more or less ‘human’. This allows for an analysis of ‘the human’ as a political stake that is produced through struggles to de/value people, places and things, and that is thus subject to contestation as well as to processes of de- and re-composition. The article assesses the various ways that humanitarian engagements contest processes of dehumanisation through the re-configuration of ‘desert/ed trash’. Rather than emphasising re-humanisation, however, I highlight the importance of analysis and practice that rejects the lure of ‘naïve humanism’ and the problematic over- and under-investments of migrant and human agency that such an approach involves. This is important, the article concludes, in order that the multiplicity of ways by which ‘the human’ is made, unmade and remade is accounted for without assuming either the supremacy or the powerlessness of people.
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... Interdisciplinary Research Centre: Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance (CCIG). Item ID: 24580. Depositing User: Vicki Squire. Date Deposited: 21 Nov 2010 18:31. Last Modified: 05 Dec 2010 05:46. URI:... more
... Interdisciplinary Research Centre: Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance (CCIG). Item ID: 24580. Depositing User: Vicki Squire. Date Deposited: 21 Nov 2010 18:31. Last Modified: 05 Dec 2010 05:46. URI: http://oro.open.ac.uk/id/eprint/24580. ...
Markov Decision Processes in Artificial Intelligence Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) are a mathematical framework for modeling sequential decision problems under uncertainty as well as Reinforcement Learning problems. Written by experts... more
Markov Decision Processes in Artificial Intelligence Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) are a mathematical framework for modeling sequential decision problems under uncertainty as well as Reinforcement Learning problems. Written by experts in the field, this book provides a ...
... MLA Citation: Squire, Vicki. "Mobilising Politics: Borderzones of Irregularity" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Theory vs. ... APA Citation: Squire, V. , 2010-02-17 "Mobilising Politics:... more
... MLA Citation: Squire, Vicki. "Mobilising Politics: Borderzones of Irregularity" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Theory vs. ... APA Citation: Squire, V. , 2010-02-17 "Mobilising Politics: Borderzones of Irregularity" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Theory vs. ...
Mobilizing politics Vicki Squire The essays in Part II of The Contested Politics of Mobility speak to the theme of mobilizing politics. Each essay explores in its own way how the 'irregular'move-ments and activities of... more
Mobilizing politics Vicki Squire The essays in Part II of The Contested Politics of Mobility speak to the theme of mobilizing politics. Each essay explores in its own way how the 'irregular'move-ments and activities of people entail a shift in what it means to be (or to ...
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For the final version please refer to: Scheel, Stephan, and Vicki Squire (2014): "Forced Migrants as Illegal Migrants." In The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, edited by Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, Gil Loescher, Kathy... more
For the final version please refer to: Scheel, Stephan, and Vicki Squire (2014): "Forced Migrants as Illegal Migrants." In The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, edited by Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, Gil Loescher, Kathy Long and Nando Sigona, 188-199. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
This is the final project report of the Crossing the Mediterranean Sea by Boat project. The report provides a unique, in-depth analysis of the impact of EU policies in addressing the so-called European migration or refugee ‘crisis’ in... more
This is the final project report of the Crossing the Mediterranean Sea by Boat project. The report provides a unique, in-depth analysis of the impact of EU policies in addressing the so-called European migration or refugee ‘crisis’ in 2015 and 2016, drawing on the findings from 257 in-depth qualitative interviews with a total of 271 participants across seven sites in two phases: Kos, Malta and Sicily from September-November 2015, and Athens, Berlin, Istanbul and Rome from May-July 2016.
Uniquely, the project report focuses directly on the impact of policies upon people on the move, drawing together policy analysis and observational fieldwork with in-depth analysis of qualitative interview data from people making – or contemplating making – the dangerous journey across the Mediterranean Sea. As such, the report provides previously-unconsidered insights into the effects of policy on the journeys, experiences, understandings, expectations, concerns and demands of people on the move.
In addition to providing seven site-based case study analyses, the project also provides the first detailed assessment of policies associated with A European Agenda on Migration in terms of policy effects both across routes (eastern and central Mediterranean) and over time (2015 and 2016). The findings and analysis summarised in this report are presented with the aim of informing policy developments, moving forward.
Uniquely, the project report focuses directly on the impact of policies upon people on the move, drawing together policy analysis and observational fieldwork with in-depth analysis of qualitative interview data from people making – or contemplating making – the dangerous journey across the Mediterranean Sea. As such, the report provides previously-unconsidered insights into the effects of policy on the journeys, experiences, understandings, expectations, concerns and demands of people on the move.
In addition to providing seven site-based case study analyses, the project also provides the first detailed assessment of policies associated with A European Agenda on Migration in terms of policy effects both across routes (eastern and central Mediterranean) and over time (2015 and 2016). The findings and analysis summarised in this report are presented with the aim of informing policy developments, moving forward.
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Migrant deaths en route to the European Union are by no means new. Yet the level and intensity of recent tragedies is unprecedented: More than 5000 deaths were recorded in 2016, demanding swift action on the part of EU Member States. Dr... more
Migrant deaths en route to the European Union are by no means new. Yet the level and intensity of recent tragedies is unprecedented: More than 5000 deaths were recorded in 2016, demanding swift action on the part of EU Member States.
Dr Vicki Squire (PaIS, Warwick), together with an international and multidisciplinary team of Co-Investigators including Dr Dallal Stevens (Warwick Law School), Professor Nick Vaughan-Williams (PAIS, Warwick), Dr Angeliki Dimitriadi (ELIAMEP, Athens), and Dr Maria Pisani (Malta), have been awarded an ESRC Urgency Grant (150K) for the project entitled 'Crossing the Mediterranean Sea by boat: Mapping and documenting migratory journeys and experiences'.
The project produces a timely and robust evidence base as grounds for informing policy interventions developed under emergency conditions across the Mediterranean. It does so by assessing the impact of such interventions on those that they affect most directly: migrants or refugees themselves. The project undertakes such an assessment by engaging the journeys and experiences of people migrating, asking:
What are the impacts of policy interventions on migratory journeys and experiences across the Mediterranean?
How do refugees and migrants negotiate complex and entwined migratory and regulatory dynamics?
In what ways can a European policy agenda be re-shaped to address concerns such as migrant deaths at sea more effectively?
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/research/researchcentres/irs/crossingthemed/
Dr Vicki Squire (PaIS, Warwick), together with an international and multidisciplinary team of Co-Investigators including Dr Dallal Stevens (Warwick Law School), Professor Nick Vaughan-Williams (PAIS, Warwick), Dr Angeliki Dimitriadi (ELIAMEP, Athens), and Dr Maria Pisani (Malta), have been awarded an ESRC Urgency Grant (150K) for the project entitled 'Crossing the Mediterranean Sea by boat: Mapping and documenting migratory journeys and experiences'.
The project produces a timely and robust evidence base as grounds for informing policy interventions developed under emergency conditions across the Mediterranean. It does so by assessing the impact of such interventions on those that they affect most directly: migrants or refugees themselves. The project undertakes such an assessment by engaging the journeys and experiences of people migrating, asking:
What are the impacts of policy interventions on migratory journeys and experiences across the Mediterranean?
How do refugees and migrants negotiate complex and entwined migratory and regulatory dynamics?
In what ways can a European policy agenda be re-shaped to address concerns such as migrant deaths at sea more effectively?
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/research/researchcentres/irs/crossingthemed/
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The “Moving Cities Map” showcases successful local approaches to migration and inclusion across the whole of Europe. It is the first mapping exercise to provide in-depth research on 28 progressive Solidarity Cities in ten European... more
The “Moving Cities Map” showcases successful local approaches to migration and inclusion across the whole of Europe. It is the first mapping exercise to provide in-depth research on 28 progressive Solidarity Cities in ten European countries and their strategies for welcoming migrants and refugees. It also presents 50 of their most inspiring local initiatives and provides an overview of all active European cities and their most extensive networks with other cities.
The city report contains more information about the city’s migration and inclusion policies and selected local approaches.
The city report contains more information about the city’s migration and inclusion policies and selected local approaches.