Big Dams

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using value engineering on the success and management of dam construction projects. The statistical population of this research consisted of 170 employees of the researcher's talent engineers in Mashhad. Regarding the characteristics of the statistical society and the low number and availability of all members, a simple random sampling method was selected. Using a Morgan sample size table, 118 individuals were selected as the statistical sample. So we can continue to work with 118 people. According to simple random sampling method and consulting with statistic consultant, randomly and draw lots of 130 employees of Bushehr Advisory Engineers in Mashhad. The distribution questionnaire, which was finally completed after numerous follow-ups and a total of 120 completed questionnaires. They were chosen as the final sample. In this research, the researcher used 3 project management questionnaires Enrico et al(2005) and Turner & Muller(2004) and Turner & Muller Manufacturing Successes(2004) and Value Engineering and Moorer & Buctas(2004). Regarding the standardization of the used questionnaires, they are verified in terms of validity, however, for the opinion of the professors of the guidance and counseling experts, they were used for face validity. For the project management questionnaire 0/9828 the questionnaire of the success of the industrial projects was 0.9921 and the value engineering questionnaire was 0.9875. The distribution of variables was studied using Kolmogorov and Smirnov tests, all of which were normal. Data were collected using questionnaires using path analysis analysis and the following results. Based on the results of the main hypothesis 1, there is a meaningful relationship between the value engineering and the success of construction projects. Given that the value of t is 0.98 and less than 1.96. There are also no other conditions for the structural equation. It is clear that there is no meaningful relationship between the value engineering and the success of the construction projects. According to the results of the main hypothesis 2, there is a meaningful relationship between project management and the success of construction projects. The value of the t-statistic is 10.56 and is higher than 1.96, as well as other conditions of the structural equation. It was found that there is a meaningful relation between the project management and the success of the construction projects.

Apart from wars, other contexts of social conflict have recently become a setting in which archaeologists are faced with acute, sometimes armed, violence. On the African continent, a region often overlooked in discussions of “archaeology in conflict”, rapid economic development has led to several such scenes. The paper discusses a particularly poignant example from the Middle Nile valley in Sudan, where large dam projects have been met with various levels of opposition by affected populations. Local communities opposing the construction of further planned dams on the Nile are increasingly stressing ‘cultural survival’ and fear of ‘developmental genocide’ as two of their major motivations for fighting these projects. Assuming a close link between the developer and archaeological salvage missions, affected people have started to use the expulsion of salvage teams from their territory as a strategy of resistance—posing an ethical dilemma for the archaeologists who struggle to find a position in the increasingly violent controversies accompanying these contested development projects.

Within the ancient country of Japan, thousands of hydroelectric dams exist. The first hydroelectric dam built in Japan was the Oi Dam in 1924. These concrete megaliths have many purposes, with one major function for the Japanese and humans worldwide being the production of hydroelectric power. In essence, the electricity produced by hydroelectric power is a renewable resource generated through the movement of water. This form of energy produces no waste and does not emit carbon dioxide. Yet, many people do not consider large hydroelectric projects to be a sustainable energy source due to the belief that they do not produce enough energy to make their construction necessary. Indeed, the construction of the dams harm the environment in many ways, such as land clearing; the destruction of animal habitat, and the dispersal of humans from their ancient homelands.

"In an age of global “flows” and historical blockages, amidst a crisis of financial “liquidity” and a general rhetoric of “fluid” identities, political communities and ideologies, the hydro-electric mega-dam looms as both an icon and a technology of global power relations that is rich with metaphoric and material significance. On the one hand, the mega-dam promises modern and modernist empowerment, electrification, and the subordination of something called nature to something called nation. On the other hand, the mega-dam’s shadow is a legacy of exploitation and destruction around the world: one fundamental to the production and reproduction of the contemporary colonial world system and one which has flooded specific peoples and places with a profound and toxic debt that is not merely financial, but also ecological, social and cultural.

In order to unpack this dense site of global struggle, Haiven’s paper advances in three parts. In the first part, he suggests that the climactic scenes of dams breaking in recent Hollywood blockbusters reveal both a profound ambivalence and desire in the Western political unconscious. He reads these recurring scenes of fantastic structural collapse as a vexed neo-diluvian longing for the return of repressed and oppressed flows of water—an apocalyptic counterpoint to modernity and globalization within privileged quarters of the global order (see Lord of the Rings: Two Towers [2002], X2: X-Men United [2003] and Transformers [2007]). In the second section, Haiven traces the intertwined political, economic and cultural forces of global support and resistance to hydroelectric mega-dams in the work of internationally acclaimed Indian novelist, essayist, and anti-dam activist, Arundhati Roy. In conclusion, Haiven addresses Thomas King’s Green Grass, Running Water (1999), a novel set in the shadow of a dam built illegally on Blackfoot lands in Southern Alberta. Here, the tropes of water and fluidity act as playful multivalent foils to the cultural, social, and historical blockages of ongoing colonialism. Within the breach and collapse of these exemplary dams, Haiven navigates the potential for a globalization from below."

In the first multipurpose river valley planning of India, the vast resources of Damodar River Basin (DRB) (eastern India) are not only to be envisioned in their entirety but also to be developed in a unified manner where the water, land, and people are simultaneously bounded in a seamless web. Four large dams (Konar, Tilaiya, Maithon, and Panchet), Durgapur barrage, and Tenughat reservoir are built to tamp the flood-prone Damodar River using water resource in an integrated method. The functionality of Damodar fluvial system is controlled by dams, barrage, weirs, sluices, embankments, and canals, maintaining a dynamic equilibrium between fluvial processes and anthropogenic processes. Carrying more than 50 years of legacy, the existing drainage and flood control system of Damodar Valley Corporation has aggravated a number of hydrogeomorphic problems especially in lower DRB, viz. siltation of river bed and reservoirs, uncontrolled monsoonal stream flow, declining carrying capacity of lower course, drainage congestion, low-magnitude annual floods, channel shifting, de-functioned canals, decay of paleochannels, decline of ground water level, and less replenishing of soils with fresh silts. The present paper is mainly tried to investigate the pre-dam and post-dam hydrogeomorphic variability in relation to flood risk and drawbacks of Damodar Valley Multipurpose Project. Specifically, the annual peak flow of Damodar shifts from August to September due to dam construction and reservoir storage. Applying the annual flood series of log Pearson type III distribution, we have estimated post-dam 5-year peak discharge of above 5,300 m3 s−1 and 100-year flood of above 11,000 m3 s−1. Due to siltation, the bankfull discharges of sample segments are gradually declined up to 4,011 m3 s−1, 2,366 m3 s−1, and 1,542 m3 s−1, respectively, having recurrence interval of 1.18–3.18 years only. With the regulation of monsoon flow, the standard sinuosity index is gradually increased downstream, having high dominance of hydraulic factors in respect of topographic factors. The upstream section of study area (Rhondia to Paikpara) now shows the dominance of aggradational landforms, braiding, avulsion, high width–depth ratio, breaching of right bank, and valley widening, but downstream of Barsul the phenomena of bank erosion, confined sinuosity, low width–depth ratio, and narrowness are more pronounced.

This paper focuses on the politico Historical context of Mapithel dam. The study tries to understand the phenomenon looking at the multiple concepts emerging out from the people's perspectives. Large dams are considered as development ventures in our country India, known for producing hydroelectricity for power, controlling flood, generate water for the irrigation system and navigation purpose. It is observed that Policymakers, development planners, and practitioner frequently overestimate the advantages and think little of the expense and its consequences. The construction of the large dam has caused in many cases extensive loss to the culture, identity, land, forest, river and human life. Introduction: The Post-colonial period in India has marked the coming of neo-liberalism, modernization and globalization. Free markets are created and the flow of global capital is seen everywhere. There is a flow of cheap labour, global capital which has shape the concept of neo-liberalism and modernisation. Industrialization has led to the formation of Capitalist class which has influenced the policy makers and planners of every nation and states. This neo-liberalism and modernization concept has exploited the traditional way of sustainability use of natural resources. The land, river, and forest have become a commodity and profit earning for the elite classes. The exploitation of natural resources not only led to displacement of people but also harm the living species and environment of the region where dam is constructed. The Northeast region of India which was once known as a ‗frontier' with thick forest and stiff mountains have become a gateway to South East Asia countries in this contemporary world. It can be argued that neoliberalism, and globalisation has influence development projects such as construction of industries, dams, coal mining, oil extraction projects in the Northeast region. The implementation of Look east policy in the region will drastically change the region for better or worse. This development projects in the region has led to the displacement, loss of lives, land, river and forest in the region.

Until around 400 years ago, the Ainu controlled Hokkaido, the northernmost of Japan's four main islands. Today the Ainu are a small minority group in Japan and are primarily a hunting and fishing people whose origins remain in dispute. Yet, for centuries, the Ainu culture developed alongside Japanese culture, but is distinctive from that of the Japanese. However, in recent centuries, particularly since the 1889 Hokkaido Former Aborigines Protection Law, they have been subject to Japanese government policies of modernization and integration. As with indigenous peoples of Canada and the United States, the Ainu have had the majority of their sacred lands taken from them by the Japanese government.

Introduction to the recently restructered Mesopotamian Ecology Movement which acts in North Kurdistan on ecological subjects. In the movement are people active with different backgrounds. In 2015 it has become stronger than never before. The movement starts to fill the paradigm of an ecological society declared years before by the Kurdish Freedom Movement.

A horizontal crack, in the crest gallery of the arch-gravity Jablanica dam, was observed 40 years ago. Since then, the crack has propagated across a substantial part of the gallery towards the downstream face with a continuous and slow increase in width. The problem has been investigated with the help of a DIANA 3D finite-element dam-foundation model. Calibration of the thermal and elastic parameters of the model is conducted after a sensitivity analysis with an almost perfect fit of calculated to measured pendulum movements. The results of time dependent thermo-stress analyses showed that the concrete temperature change, at a certain period of the season, causes principal tensile stresses almost perpendicular to the plane of the observed crack. These stresses are sufficient to cause an opening of poorly executed construction joints, considering a year by year redistribution of tensile forces to uncracked parts of the tensile surface as the crack propagates. However it has been proved that the dam is safe in all dynamic and static summer and winter load combinations. This situation is not due to the tensile capacity of the uncracked part of tensile surface but because crack faces are in compression at the time of all critical load combinations.

Khone (pronounced "Kawn") Falls is the site of one of the most important wildcapture riverine fisheries in tropical Asia. Khone villagers have been fishing the area for generations, and have inherited or developed an out standing array of artisanal fishing devices based on intimate knowledge of migratory, feeding and other behavior of numerous fish species. Their traditional fisheries management system is also highly developed. Khone fishing people are confronted by the decline of many species, especially of strongly migratory ones which are the main basis for the fisheries. The small cyprinid fish Cirrhinus lobatus is an ecological keystone species. It is the most abundant fish species in the Khone Falls area, and is usually the first species to migrate upstream in the December-February non-reproductive migratory period. Data on migratory C. lobatus during the June-July reproductive migratory period indicate that the species is a progynous hermaphrodite. Another important cyprinid is the large species Probarbus jullieni, caught mainly in November-January when it is migrating to spawning sites or is actually engaged in spawning activity. The history of the Probarbus fisheries in southern Laos indicates that a long term decline started around 1970, with the introduction of nylon gillnets, and that it increased rapidly after 1991 when markets opened up and fisheries became increasingly capitalized and modernized. Important catfishes include Pangasius macronema and P. krempfi Pangasius macronema is the object of an unusual communal fisheries practiced by the village of Ban Hang Sadam. Pangasius krempfi is a diadromous species, spending much of its life in coastal waters of the South China Sea, but returning to the Mekong River to spawn.

This article examines five common misunderstandings about case-study research: (a) theoretical knowledge is more valuable than practical knowledge; (b) one cannot generalize from a single case, therefore, the single-case study cannot contribute to scientific development; (c) the case study is most useful for generating hypotheses, whereas other methods are more suitable for hypotheses testing and theory building; (d) the case study contains a bias toward verification; and (e) it is often difficult to summarize specific case studies. This article explains and corrects these misunderstandings one by one and concludes with the Kuhnian insight that a scientific discipline without a large number of thoroughly executed case studies is a discipline without systematic production of exemplars, and a discipline without exemplars is an ineffective one. Social science may be strengthened by the execution of a greater number of good case studies.

Plans are underway to construct twelve large hydropower projects on the un-dammed lower and middle mainstream Mekong River in Laos, Thailand, and Cambodia. One of the planned projects is a 30–32 meter–high hydroelectric dam with an expected 240 MW installed generating capacity to be built on the Hou Sahong Channel, less than one kilometer north of the Laos–Cambodia border, in the Khone Falls area of Khong District, Champasak Province, southern Laos. The project’s objective is to generate revenue by exporting electricity to Thailand or Cambodia. Concerns have been raised about the Don SahongDam(DSD), however. The main ones relate to potential repercussions on aquatic resources, and especially wild-capture fisheries dependent on migratory fish. This article examines the regional implications of the DSD, including possible impacts on food security, nutrition, and poverty alleviation. Fisheries losses in the Mekong Region from the DSD would negatively affect the nutrition of hundreds of thousands or even millions of people, especially in parts of Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand where nutritional standards are already low. Mekong fisheries are integral to food security in the region, and the DSD would make it difficult for governments, especially in Laos and Cambodia, to reach their health-related United Nations Millennium Development Goals and their objectives for reducing poverty.

Apart from wars, other contexts of social conflict have recently become a setting in which archaeologists are faced with acute, sometimes armed, violence. On the African continent, a region often overlooked in discussions of “archaeology in conflict”, rapid economic development has led to several such scenes. The paper discusses a particularly poignant example from the Middle Nile valley in Sudan, where large dam projects have been met with various levels of opposition by affected populations. Local communities opposing the construction of further planned dams on the Nile are increasingly stressing ‘cultural survival’ and fear of ‘developmental genocide’ as two of their major motivations for fighting these projects. Assuming a close link between the developer and archaeological salvage missions, affected people have started to use the expulsion of salvage teams from their territory as a strategy of resistance—posing an ethical dilemma for the archaeologists who struggle to find a position in the increasingly violent controversies accompanying these contested development projects.

There are three distinct phases of monitoring in the lifetime of an earth and rockfill dam. viz. construction, first reservoir filling and operation stage. During construction stage, rate of construction of earth and rockfill dam may require modifications on the basis of the instrumentation results to achieve safe construction. During initial reservoir impounding, instrumentation results are of paramount importance and have a consequential impact on the decisions regarding future rate of filling, to enable safe impounding of dam. During normal period of operation these instruments are required to monitor the behaviour of dam due to fluctuation in reservoir levels or even in steady state conditions. Koldam Hydro Electric Power Project is located on Satluj River in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh in India. The project has 800MW installed capacity and a 167m high (from the deepest foundation level) rockfill dam which creates a head of about 140 m. Earth and Rockfill dam of Kol Dam HEPP has an elaborate monitoring instruments network for monitoring the health of the various structures viz. earth and rock-fill dam, spillway and galleries. First phase of first step of initial impounding of Kol Dam reservoir has already been completed in the month of March-April 2014. After monsoon period, reservoir impounding was restarted in October 2014 and likely to be completed soon. In this paper, analyses of the data of monitoring instruments obtained from the earth and rockfill dam during depletion after first phase of reservoir impounding has been presented. A comparison of the readings obtained during first step of impounding till El. 560m in March-April 2014 and that obtained during re-impounding till El. 560m have been made in this paper.

Free-flow spillways are simpler and safer than gated ones, but the low specific flow of their
traditional shapes requires high spilling nappe depths and thus huge losses of storage (100
x 109m3 worldwide). A newly evolved shape of free-flow spillway (the "Piano Key weir")
has the potential to increase the specific flow as high as fourfold at lower discharges. It
could substantially increase, at low cost, the safety and the storage and/or the flood control
efficiency of many existing as well as new dams. It is thus very advantageous to increase the
specific flow as much as possible. Some tens of existing spillways have been designed
accordingly as vertical walls on a flat bottom, with a trapezoidal labyrinth layout which is
much longer than the spillway length (often four times). They usually double the specific
flow of an Ogee Spillway. Piano-Key Weir derives its name from its plan-form shape which
looks like a ‘piano-key’. It is configured as polygonal walls such as to provide a much
longer crest length than the conventional ogee spillways.

Phronetic organizational research is an approach to the study of management and organizations focusing on ethics and power. It is based on a contemporary interpretation of the Aristotelian concept phronesis, usually as ‘prudence’. Phronesis is the ability to think and act in relation to values, to deliberate about ‘things that are good or bad for humans’ in the words of Aristotle (1976:1140a24–b12). Phronetic organizational research effectively provides answers to the following four value-rational questions, for specific problematics in management and organization studies: 1. Where are we going with this specific management problematic? 2. Who gains and who loses, and by which mechanisms of power? 3. Is this development desirable? 4. What, if anything, should we do about it?

The more than 3,500 citations listed here have been extracted from Volumes 1 and 2 of THE GRAND CANON, a far more expansive, topically arranged worldwide bibliography of the Grand Canyon and lower Colorado River regions of the United States and Mexico. (THE GRAND CANON is a series of publications accessible online at https://ravensperch.org.)  This bibliography focuses on the Hoover Dam, in the Colorado River on the Arizona–Nevada boundary, its power plant, and appurtenant structures. Coverage spans the twentieth century and the twenty-first to date. It includes all issues pertaining to conceptualization, planning, physical construction, and work force management. Also listed are publications concerning Boulder City, Nevada, principally during the period of construction.Appendix 1 is a list of publications about the concrete-arch Mike O’Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge, earlier called the Hoover Dam Bypass, which otherwise is not directly a part of the Hoover Dam infrastructural complex. Minor editing may have been made to some of the original citations taken from THE GRAND CANON, in order to eliminate comments that unnecessarily refer to places other than Hoover Dam.

The Aalborg Project may be interpreted as a metaphor of modern politics, modern administration and planning, and of modernity itself. The basic idea of the project was comprehensive, coherent, and innovative, and it was based on rational and democratic argument. During implementation, however, when idea met reality, the play of Machiavellian princes, Nietzschean will to power, and Foucauldian rationality-as-rationalization resulted in the fragmentation of the project.

During the construction period of the controversial Merowe Dam in Sudan, foreign archaeologists were surveying and excavating in order to save the cultural heritage of the land to be flooded without considering the local people's attitude towards the development project that would resettle them. This article addresses the ethical implications of conducting salvage archaeology when the local people are in opposition to the development project that necessitates both their resettlement and the archaeological salvage.

At the same time that case studies are widely used and have produced canonical texts, it may be observed that the case study as a methodology is generally held in low regard, or is simply ignored, within the academy. For example, only 2 of the 30 top-ranked U.S. graduate programs in political science require a dedicated graduate course in case study or qualitative methods, and a full third of these programs do not even offer such a course. In contrast, all of the top 30 programs offer courses in quantitative methods and almost all of them require training in such methods, often several courses. In identifying this paradox of the case study’s wide use and low regard, Gerring rightly remarks that the case study survives in a “curious methodological limbo,” and that the reason is that the method is poorly understood. In what follows, we will try to resolve Gerring’s paradox and help case study research gain wider use and acceptance.