Detection

Abstract—The Internet and web applications are playing very important role in our today‘s modern day life. Several activities of our daily life like browsing, online shopping and booking of travel tickets are becoming easier by the use of web applications. Most of the web applications use the database as a back-end to store critical information such as user credentials, financial and payment information, company statistics etc. An SQL injection attack targets web applications that are database-driven. This is done by including portions of SQL statements in a web form entry field in an attempt to get the website to pass a newly formed rogue SQL command to the database. Multiple client side and server side vulnerabilities like SQL injection and cross site scripting are discovered and exploited by malicious users. The principle of basic SQL injection is to take advantage of insecure code on a system connected to the internet in order to pass commands directly to a database and to then ...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have many potential applications [1, 5] and unique challenges. They usually consist of hundreds or thousands small sensor nodes such as MICA2, which operate autonomously; conditions such as cost, invisible deployment and many application domains, lead to small size and limited resources sensors [2]. WSNs are susceptible to many types of physical attacks [1] and most of traditional networks security techniques are unusable on WSNs[2]; due to wireless and shared nature of communication channel, untrusted transmissions, deployment in open environments, unattended nature and limited resources [1]. So, security is a vital requirement for these networks; but we have to design a proper security mechanism that attends to WSN's constraints and requirements. In this paper, we focus on security of WSNs, divide it (the WSNs security) into four categories and will consider them, include: an overview of WSNs, security in WSNs, the threat model on WSNs, a wide v...

A significant perspective related with vehicles is their speed. A faster vehicle encourages us to arrive at our destination in lesser time, sparing our valuable time. In any case, tragically, we have been seeing the ascent in vehicular mishaps because of uncontrolled speeding by the drivers. The traffic signs alone cannot ensure the safety of vehicles since it is dependent upon the driver to adhere to the directions. Likewise, there is the situation of human-mistake where the driver essentially neglects to pay special mind to the traffic signs. This paper focuses on the road traffic sign detection systems which help in informing the intelligent vehicle about the possible road conditions ahead and be cautious about it with the help of Image processing. A module which consists of a Raspberry Pi or USB camera with a wide view and a simple processor is installed on the vehicle. The developed system works with three different stages: image pre-processing, detection, and recognition. The entire developed system is programmed using Python incorporated with OpenCV library and implemented using open source hardware platform and open-source software environment.

Abstract: Data mining is the process that attempts to discover patterns in large data sets. The actual data mining task is the automatic or semi-automatic analysis of large quantities of data to extract previously unknown interesting patterns such as groups of data records i.e.cluster analysis, unusual records (anomaly detection) and dependencies association rule mining. This usually involves using database techniques such as spatial indexes. These patterns can then be seen as a kind of summary of the input data, and may be used in further analysis or, for example, in machine learning and predictive analytics. As the internet has been involved in all areas of human activity, there are increasing concerns that data mining may pose a threat to our privacy and security then security would be one of the major issues to monitor. In this paper we present recent research on data mining and its security. We prepare a survey report on data mining for crime detection. Index Terms: data mining...

Imaging in poor weather is often severely degraded by scattering due to suspended particles in the atmosphere such as haze and fog. Vehicles which are travelling in hill stations or in the early morning during winter season will face problems due to fog formation in the atmosphere. In this method various methods have been used to clear the fog and to get a clear view of the road. The system uses a camera to detect the object present in the foggy region. The object can be a human or any inhuman material. The video captured by the camera is processed to detect the object. If the object is detected then that data will be given to the controller and it will be intimated to the driver by voice. Vehicle to vehicle also established in this system. If any vehicle goes near to another vehicle in foggy areas the two vehicles will communicate each other through WSN and it will be given by voice play back. Using this system accident can be prevented. Keywords: Suspended particles, fog, detect, Vehicle to Vehicle, WSN. I. INTRODUCTION Nowadays public places are monitored by several CCTV cameras in order to increase public safety. In many applications, the trained and experienced human operators can do this monitoring very well. However, watching multiple camera images at the same time is not only too expensive but also practically impossible. Moreover, surveillance video data is currently used only "after the fact" as a forensic tool, thus losing its primary benefit as an active, real-time medium. The goal of visual surveillance is not only to put cameras in the place of human eyes, but also to accomplish the entire surveillance task as automatically as possible. Thus intelligent visual surveillance (IVS) becomes an active research topic in computer vision. Detection of foreground objects of interest from a surveillance video sequence is a key step for an intelligent visual surveillance system. Unfortunately, this is not always true, such as when videos are taken under bad weather conditions, such as on a foggy day. The image suffers degradation and severe contrast loss. These low quality images are a nuisance for conventional object detection algorithms. Similarly, Murk is a thick cloud of tiny water droplets suspended in the atmosphere which obscures visibility. Diverse weather situations such as murk, smoke, rain or snow will cause multifaceted visual effects of spatial or temporal domains in images or video. Such artifacts may appreciably humiliate the performances of outdoor vision systems relying on image/video feature extraction or visual attention modeling such as event detection, object detection, tracking and recognition, scene analysis and classification, image indexing and retrieval. They generally fail to correctly detect objects due to low scene visibility. In order to get clear surveillance frames, enhancing visibility is an inevitable task. In recent years, as an active research topic in computer vision, considerable work has been done on haze removal techniques. Unfortunately, most countries in the world has an alarming record in number of death/disability due to tremendous number of accident. Accidents are occurred because of unawareness of the people. Researchers found that 57% of accidents where due to solely driver factors, which include his behaviour, decision making ability, reaction speed and alertness. The studies show that the accidents can be avoided if driver was provided with warning message few seconds before so that, they can take some alternative route or be cautious to avoid traffic congestion or accidents. The vehicular adhoc network was adopted to mimic the adhoc nature of highly dynamic network. In this network two vehicles can communicate with each other. For Vehicle safety a new technique can be created. VANET Communication is classified into two different types Vehicle to Vehicle communication and Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication. The vehicle to vehicle communication is a communication between two vehicles (i.e.) one hop communication, such as car to car communication. The vehicle to Infrastructure communication is communication between vehicle and road side Infrastructure. It acts as a multi hop communication. The vehicle to vehicle communication is a system designed to transfer basic safety related with vehicles to provide warning to drivers concerning accidents. The main objective of this system is to alert drivers when he closes to front vehicle. The communication between the vehicles takes place by means of LI-FI. The distance between two vehicles is measured using Ultrasonic sensor. The microcontroller controls the entire circuit and is programmed to notify the driver with a message when the vehicle comes within the Line of sight.

In In spite of the tremendous growth of technologies in computer networking and information technology, still we lack in preventing our resources from theft/attacks. This problem is very big as far as industry / companies are concerned. As maximum of the organizations are facing an increasing number of threats every day in the form of viruses and attack etc. Since many different mechanisms were opted by organizations in the form of intrusion detection and prevention system to protect its organizations for these kinds of attacks, still there are many security breaches in every organization. In order to understand the security risks and IDPS, we will first survey about the common security breaches and then after discuss what are different opportunities and challenges in this particular field. In this paper we made a survey on the overall progress of intrusion detection systems. We survey the existing types, techniques and architectures of Intrusion Detection Systems in the literature....

The paper is devoted to reviewing the existing means of detecting the transportation of dangerous materials and illicit objects. We analyse the currently available systems, the physical background of the corresponding techniques, and their advantages and limitations. Our purpose is to provide a broad overview of the possibilities in this field and to present our vision of what is the most appropriate response to the challenges of the modern world with respect to the increasing threat of terrorist attacks and illicit transportation of explosives, weapons, Special Nuclear Materials, and illicit narcotic drugs. To meet this objective, we compare various techniques, discuss how they correspond to the current needs, and propose a possible solution to the existing serious problems.

Android is now the world's (or one of the world's) most popular operating system. More and more malware assaults are taking place in Android applications. Many security detection techniques based on Android Apps are now available. The open environmental feature of the Android environment has given Android an extensive appeal in recent years. The growing number of mobile devices are incorporated in many aspects of our everyday lives. This paper gives a detailed comparison that summarizes and analyses various detection techniques. This work examines the current status of Android malware detection methods, with an emphasis on Machine Learningbased classifiers for detecting malicious software on Android devices. Android has a huge number of apps that may be downloaded and used for free. Consequently, Android phones are more susceptible to malware. As a result, additional research has been done in order to develop effective malware detection methods. To begin, several of the currently available Android malware detection approaches are carefully examined and classified based on their detection methodologies. This study examines a wide range of machine-learning-based methods to detecting Android malware covering both types dynamic and static.

Cloud computing is envisioned as the next generation architecture for IT Enterprises, and has proliferated
itself due to the advantages it provides.Cloud computing provides solutions for carrying out efficient, scalable and low cost computing. The pay per usage concept of Cloud computing increases the resource utilisation of a vendor’s computing power and resources; at the same time,it results in reduced hardware costs forits users. It also provides access mobility, easier maintenance, scalabilityand operability in terms
of its management and usage. Because of the facilities and solutions it provides to the industry for the next generation computing, it is vulnerable to a variety of known and unknown attacks from attackers.Hence, securinga Cloud environment is a critical problem that needs urgent attention.This articlefocuses on a taxonomy of possible attacks on a Cloud environment and a taxonomy of the defence .The attack taxonomy describes existing threats on Cloud security, and the defence taxonomy gives a classification of the various counter measures that can be taken to protect the Cloud environment from such attacks. The aim of this article is to provideresearchers, academicians and industry with a better understanding of existing attacks and defence mechanisms on Cloud security.This is to provide a clearvision of the challenges that should be worked onto ensure next generation security forCloud computing

In 1889, The British Medical Journal published a piece titled, “Detective Medicine,” which describes feats of medical detection performed by physicians attending malingering prisoners. Though simulating illness had a long history, the medicalization of malingering at the fin de siècle led to a proliferation of such case histories and cheerful records of pathological feigners thwarted.

Security is a branch of computer technology known as information security as applied to computers and networks. The objective of online security includes protection of information and property from theft, corruption, or threats attack, while allowing the information and property to remain accessible and productive to its intended users. The term online system security means the collective processes and mechanisms by which sensitive and valuable information and services are protected from publication, tampering or collapse by unauthorized activities or untrustworthy individuals and unplanned events respectively. The basic aim of this article is to Prevention against unauthorized security Attack and Threats.

Robust and validated analytical methods are needed for the implementation of GM-food and feed legislation. The validation, based on the characterisation of a method for its sensitivity, accuracy and precision, is performed in-house or in collaborative trials according to good laboratory practice to comply with internationally harmonised standards. The way in which this is implemented depends on the analyte, influences of the food/feed matrix and other requirements that need to be met. Certified reference materials, when matrix matches and contains the appropriate concentration of the certified analyte, are a useful tool in validation. Some acceptability criteria, associated to ad-hoc statistics (e.g. percent bias, repeatability and reproducibility) are useful for the purposes of testing and decision-making. However, the interpretation of validation results also depends on professional judgment and expertise. In such respect, fuzzy logic-based techniques (complementary to conventional statistics) are advocated to support the continuous progress of GMO science and routine laboratory analyses.

Celem artykułu jest weryfikacja przestrzegania zasad prowadzenia oględzin w sprawach zabójstw na podstawie analizy wyników badań własnych 90 spraw sądowych i prokuratorskich z lat 2000–2010. Wyboru analizowanych spraw dokonano metodą losowania zespołowego wieloetapowego, która w Polsce jest powszechnie stosowana w naukach społecznych. Przedmiotowe postępowania przeprowadzono w 17 powszechnych jednostkach organizacyjnych sądownictwa i prokuratury należących do obszaru właściwości odpowiednio Sądu Apelacyjnego w Krakowie i Prokuratury Apelacyjnej w Krakowie. Narzędziem badawczym był kwestionariusz zawierający 40 wytycznych dotyczących tytułowej problematyki, który obejmował cechy ilościowe i jakościowe.W niniejszych 90 sprawach wykonano 251 protokołów oględzin, w tym 110 protokołów oględzin miejsca zdarzenia, 20 odrębnych protokołów oględzin zwłok, 29 protokołów oględzin osoby oraz 92 protokoły oględzin rzeczy. Prezentacja problematyki badawczej oględzin zostanie poddana analizie z punktu widzenia realizacji zasad przeprowadzania tej czynności. W zakresie postulatów de lege ferenda dotyczących wprowadzania w życie zasad przeprowadzania oględzin należy podkreślić konieczność stosowania właściwej formy opisu oględzin zwłok, konieczność bardziej odpowiedzialnego podejścia do problemu izolacji miejsca oględzin i wpisywania informacji dotyczącej tej czynności w protokole oględzin, postulat wyraźnego wyodrębnienia faz oględzin przy konstruowaniu protokołu oględzin, każdorazowej szczegółowej analizy przeprowadzenia oględzin w trakcie ostatniej fazy jej wykonywania, każdorazowego stosowania profesjonalnego nazewnictwa w opisie tytułowej czynności procesowo-kryminalistycznej oraz bieżącej kontroli kierującego oględzinami także w zakresie taktycznego wymogu podpisania każdej karty protokołu oględzin. Taktyczny i procesowy rozwój zasad prowadzenia oględzin uwzględniający również przedstawione w niniejszym artykule postulaty de lege ferenda przyczyni się do dalszego rozwoju badań nad tytułową czynnością, a w konsekwencji częstszym jej stosowaniem w postępowaniu karnym.

The purpose of this paper is to verify adherence to forensic examination principles in homicide cases by analyzing the results of the author’s own study of 90 court and prosecution cases from the period 2000–2010. The analyzed cases were sampled using the so-called multi-stage cluster sampling method, commonly used in social sciences in Poland. The cases were held in 17 organizational judiciary and prosecution units reporting to the Court of Appeal in Krakow and Appellate Prosecutor’s Office in Krakow, respectively. The research tool was a questionnaire containing 40 relevant guidelines, covering both qualitative and quantitative features.

In the 90 analyzed cases, a total of 251 forensic examination reports were prepared, including 110 site examination reports, 20 separate corpse examination reports, 29 personal examination reports and 92 object examination reports. The research aspects of forensic examinations will be analyzed from the perspective of adherence to the principles of conducting the same. As regards postulates de lege ferenda with respect to the implementation of forensic examination principles one should emphasize the need for using the appropriate form of description of corpse examination; the need for a more responsible attitude towards sealing off crime scenes and for recording information on sealing-off procedures in the examination report; the need for clear distinction of examination stages in drafting the examination report; the need for a detailed analysis of the examination carried out at its final stage at all times; the need for using professional vocabulary in all descriptions of examination activities in each case and the need for regular monitoring (by the person in charge of examination) also with regard to the tactical requirement to sign each sheet of the examination report. The tactical and procedural development of forensic examination principles, taking into account also the postulates de lege ferenda presented herein, will contribute to further development of forensic examination studies and will thus make examination a more common practice in criminal procedures.

Medical imaging is placing a major role in diagnosing the diseases and in image guided surgery. There are various imaging modalities for different applications giving the anatomical and physiological conditions of the patient. Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) are used to analyze the human organs without surgery. Detection of the tumor is the main objective of the system. Detection plays a critical role in biomedical imaging .Brain image segmentation is one of the most important tools and hence need by the clinicians. However an accurate segmentation is a significant task and crucial for exact diagnosis. In this paper, MRI brain image is used to tumor detection process. This system includes test the brain image process, image filtering, skull stripping, and segmentation by using OTSU and watershed, morphological operation, calculation of the tumor area and determination of the tumor location.

Huanglongbing (HLB) es considerada mundialmente como la enfermedad más amenazadora para la citricultura, y ha impactado principalmente en Asia, Sudáfrica y Brasil. A la fecha, no se cuenta con un tratamiento efectivo para la detección de esta enfermedad, que pueda ayudar a disminuir su propagación y la consecuente eliminación de árboles infectados. El método más confiable hasta ahora, para la identificación del HLB, es la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (qrt-PCR), la cual es costosa y tardada. Esta es la primera revisión de los diferentes métodos existentes o en desarrollo para la detección e identificación del HLB; clasificados en métodos de análisis y reconocimiento de patrones en imágenes, espectrofotométricos, cromatográficos y moleculares a través del insecto vector. Algunos de estos métodos representan alternativas innovadoras con diferente nivel de eficiencia en tiempo, costo y confiabilidad en la detección de árboles enfermos de HLB o en el manejo de la enfermedad, con relación a los tradicionalmente utilizados.

“RADAR” system, from the English Acronym “ Radio Detention and Ranging” . Better known as “ Radio Detection and Location” RDL. It is a system for detecting and positioning objects through shipping and reflection of electromagnetic waves in terms of the time of issue and the
return of the waves and their speed (calculated by the Doppler effect of the electromagnetic signal received). Meanwhile, an autonomous unmanned vehicle, also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV, which is defined as an aircraft which does not carry a human operator, and
uses aerodynamic forces to provide airlift by itself. Therefore, it can fly autonomously or it can be operated by remote control. This article focuses on the review of experiences where these two technologies are integrated, particularly UAVSAR (Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic
Aperture Radar). This is done in order to support research concerning the combination thereof to be applied in georeferencing humanitarian missions or military missions that require monitoring of airspace.

COVID-19 salgını tüm dünyada hızla yayılarak küresel bir pandemi haline gelmiştir. Bu salgın, günlük yaşamda hem halk sağlığı hem de küresel ekonomi üzerinde yıkıcı bir etkiye sahip olmuştur. Bu salgının daha fazla yayılmasını önlemek ve etkilenen hastaları hızla tedavi etmek için pozitif vakaları olabildiğince erken tespit etmek çok önemlidir. COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun hızlı bir şekilde ve yüksek doğrulukta teşhisini sağlayan herhangi bir yardımcı araç uzmanlar için faydalıdır. Bu anlamda, X-Ray tomografik görüntüleme COVID-19 teşhisinde kolay erişilebilir alternatif bir araçtır. Radyoloji görüntüleme teknikleri kullanılarak elde edilen son bulgular, bu tür görüntülerin COVID-19 virüsü hakkında çarpıcı bilgiler içerdiğini göstermektedir. Radyolojik görüntülemeyle birlikte gelişmiş yapay zekâ ve makine öğrenmesi tekniklerinin uygulanması, bu hastalığın doğru tespiti için yardımcı olabilir. X-ray görüntüleri şüpheli vakaların erken tespitine yardımcı olabilse de, çeşitli viral ve bakteriyel pnömoni (zatürre) görüntüleri COVID-19 ile benzerdir ve benzer özellikler içermektedir. Dolayısıyla radyologların viral ve bakteriyel pnömoni gibi benzer akciğer hastalıklarını COVID-19’dan ayırt etmesi zordur. Bu bağlamda, COVID-19 semptomlarının viral pnömoniye benzer olması, yanlış tanılara yol açabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kurulan farklı modeller ile akciğer X-Ray görüntülerini COVID-19, normal ve viral pnömoni (zatürre) hastalar olarak sınıflandırabilen derin öğrenme tekniklerinin bir karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, 11 farklı derin öğrenme tekniği üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Günümüzde popüler olan evrişimli sinir ağları tabanlı farklı tekniklerin aynı veri kümesi üzerinde deneysel çalışmaları yapılarak her bir tekniğin performans değerlendirmesi yapılmış ve en iyi tahminleme yöntemi belirlenmiştir. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalarda, en yüksek doğruluk değeri %97.17 ile DenseNet121 modeli ile elde edilmiştir.

Recently the possibility of an earthquake has become one of the most important subjects in lots of countries especially in Turkey. For that reason, the possibility of an earthquake gains ground due to its devastating physical and psychological effects. Because of these physical losses and its psychological effects, people who experience the earthquake generally become sensitive and provident. Although disaster

Security is the one of most important feature of banking sector. E-commerce safety is the one of the uppermost visible security that controls the end user during their day to day life and payment interaction with their business. Sharing of account related data in insecure medium raises security and privacy issues. Personal sensitive data can be theft by hackers. So it is need of today's E – commerce world for providing the solution of that problem and helps to increase the confidence of customer for making the use of digitalization. This proposed system provides secure payment system which helps for move toward for the result of economic business deal transaction. It is helpful for reducing scam by providing only that information which is necessary for the fund transfer and provides the security against various security threats.

Breast cancer is an invasive disease in women which needs early detection. Different approaches have been done to detect cancer using different types of antenna-like circular patch antenna, microstrip antenna, t-shaped slotted antenna and slotted rectangular antenna. There are even many techniques for the detection of breast cancer like mammography, microwave imaging which have limitations. The microwave imaging is safer method when compared to X-Ray. In this review paper, a circular microstrip patch antenna using FR-4 substrate, microstrip slot antenna, rectangular microstrip patch antenna, hemispherical antenna array, Pentagonal patch antenna array which resonates at different frequencies are used to detect the breast cancer.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have many potential applications [1, 5] and unique challenges. They usually consist of hundreds or thousands small sensor nodes such as MICA2, which operate autonomously; conditions such as cost, invisible deployment and many application domains, lead to small
size and limited resources sensors [2]. WSNs are susceptible to many types of physical attacks [1] and most of traditional networks security techniques are unusable on WSNs[2]; due to wireless and shared nature of communication channel, untrusted transmissions, deployment in open environments, unattended nature and limited resources [1]. So, security is a vital requirement for these networks; but we have to
design a proper security mechanism that attends to WSN's constraints and requirements. In this paper, we
focus on security of WSNs, divide it (the WSNs security) into four categories and will consider them, include: an overview of WSNs, security in WSNs, the threat model on WSNs, a wide variety of WSNs' physical attacks and a comparison of them. This work enables us to identify the purpose and capabilities
of the attackers; also, the goal, final result and effects of the physical attacks on WSNs are introduced. Also this paper discusses known approaches of security detection and defensive mechanisms against the physical attacks; this would enable it security managers to manage the physical attacks of WSNs more effectively.

2016 to 2020. Only 72.21% of cases were detected before one incubation period of the selected diseases. Early detection was acceptable for Lassa virus fever and measles. Also, early notification was insufficient. Only 66.22% of cases were notified within 48 hours. The early notification was good for cholera (81.73%), yellow fever (82.13%) and measles (84.14%). Conclusion Improving rapid access to health services, scaling up electronic reporting and building the capacities of stakeholders on global health security issues are potential means of improvement of detection and notification.