Finite State Machine

A user manual may provide instructions that, if the user follows them, achieve any of certain objectives as determined by the manual designers. A manual may therefore be viewed rather like a computer program, as pre-planned instructions. Accordingly, software engineering and its methods may be applied mutatis mutandis to the manual and its design process. We consider structured programming methods,

Akkadian is a fairly well resourced extinct language that does not yet have a comprehensive morphological analyzer available. In this paper we describe a general finite-state based morphological model for Babylonian, a southern dialect of the Akkadian language, that can achieve a coverage up to 97.3% and recall up to 93.7% on lemmatization and POS-tagging task on token level from a transcribed input. Since Akkadian word forms exhibit a high degree of morphological ambiguity, in that only 20.1% of running word tokens receive a single unambiguous analysis, we attempt a first pass at weighting our finite-state transducer, using existing extensive Akkadian corpora which have been partially validated for their lemmas and parts-of-speech but not the entire morphological analyses. The resultant weighted finite-state transducer yields a moderate improvement so that for 57.4% of the word tokens the highest ranked analysis is the correct one. We conclude with a short discussion on how morphol...

The design of logic controllers for event-driven systems continue to rely largely on intuitive methods rather than on formal techniques. This approach results in a control code that requires extensive verification, is hard to maintain and modify, and may even fail at times. Supervisory control theory (SCT) provides a formal approach to logic control synthesis. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of the supervisory control theory in manufacturing systems, an educational test-bed that simulates an automated car assembly line has been built using LEGO® blocks. Finite state machines (FSMs) are used for modeling operations of the assembly line, and for the specifications that accomplish the task of successfully completing the assembly repeatedly. Using the technique of SCT, we derive a supervisor that enforces the specifications while offering the maximum flexibility of assembly. Subsequently a controller is extracted from the maximally permissive supervisor for the purpose of implementing the control by selecting, when possible, at most one controllable event from among the ones allowed by the supervisor. Testing to check the correctness of the control code is reduced, since the controller is guaranteed to enforce the specifications.

This paper describes a functional Fuzzy Traffic Controller (FTC), which utilizes fuzzy logic algorithm to achieve a smart and flexible knowledge based system in hardware design while achieving better efficiency in the traffic control and minimizing traffic jam occurrences at interchange on road area. The designing part of FTC chip into verilog program eliminates the short comings of other custom facilities and conventional controller design available today. The Finite State Machine (FSM) of the FTC is coded in verilog for controlling the specific traffic flow application. The main features of FTC chip consist of various operational modes, safety features and capability through fuzzy logic algorithm.

Abstract. In RoboCup Middle Size league (MSL) the main referee uses assisting technology, controlled by a second referee, to support him, in particular for conveying referee decisions for robot players with the help of a wireless communication system. In this paper a vision-based system is introduced, able to interpret dynamic and static gestures of the referee, thus eliminating the need for a second one. The referee's ges-tures are interpreted by the system and sent directly to the Referee Box, which sends the proper commands to the robots. The system is divided into four modules: a real time hand tracking and feature extraction, a SVM (Support Vector Machine) for static hand posture identification, an HMM (Hidden Markov Model) for dynamic unistroke hand gesture recognition, and a FSM (Finite State Machine) to control the various system states transitions. The experimental results showed that the system works very reliably, being able to recognize the combination of gestures a...

Centralized communication-based control is one of the main methods that can be implemented to achieve autonomous advanced energy management capabilities in DC microgrids. However, its major limitation is the fact that communication bandwidth and computation resources are limited in practical applications. This can be often improved by avoiding redundant communications and complex computations. In this paper, an autonomous communication-based hybrid state/event driven control scheme is proposed. This control scheme is hierarchical and heuristic, such that on the primary control level, it encompasses state-driven local controllers, and on the secondary control level, an event-driven MG centralized controller (MGCC) is used. This heuristic hybrid control system aims at reducing the communication load and complexity, processor computations, and consequently system cost while maintaining reliable autonomous operation during all possible scenarios. A mathematical model for the proposed control scheme using Finite State Machines (FSM) has been developed and used to cover all the possible modes/sub-modes of operation, and assure seamless transitions among them during various events. Results of some case studies involving severe operational scenarios were presented and discussed. Results verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed communication-based control scheme. Index Terms—Communication-based control, DC microgrids, finite state machine, hybrid state/event driven control.

— The first part of paper discusses a variety of issues regarding finite state machine design using the hardware description language. VHDL coding styles and different methodologies are presented. Our study of FSM focuses on the modeling issues such as VHDL coding style, state encoding schemes and Mealy or Moore machines. Our discussion is limited to the synchronous FSM, in which the transition is controlled by a clock signal and can occur only at the triggering edge of the clock. The second part contains a worked example of a model that detects a unique pattern from a serial input data stream and generates a '1' value to output whenever the sequence '10' occurs. The string detector is modeled at the RTL level in VHDL and Verilog, for comparison purposes. The last part of this paper presents a view on VHDL and Verilog languages by comparing their similarities and contrasting their difference.

At the beginning of taking a shower, the user needs to manually adjust a rotational handle or the ratio of cold and hot water to get the desired water temperature and the flow rate. In this paper, a temperature and flow rate sensor feedback smart shower is proposed which takes the target water temperature and flow rate from the user as input, and then automatically adjusts the ratio of the cold and the hot water during the shower to keep the temperature and flow rate fixed-even though there is fluctuation of supply water temperature and pressure. The proposed system contains distance sensor and automatically turns off the shower when the user is away for soaping or shampooing. The system generates a report on water usage and shower time – to promote awareness on saving water. An embedded system based prototype of the proposed shower has been developed and tested.

Abstract. This paper presents the methodology used to design a Domain Specific Visual Language (DSVL), named HALL (Human Assisted Logic Language), for the purpose of deriving automatically or semiautomatically user interfaces for critical control systems. We will describe our approach to design this language's abstract syntax and the process to describe its semantics by using formal framework based on an algebraic Petri-nets formalism: Concurrent Object-Oriented Petri Nets (CO-OPN). Keywords: Coordination- ...

— In this paper, an autonomous communication-based centralized control for DC microgrids (MG) has been developed and implemented. The proposed controller enables smooth transition between various operating modes. Finite state machine (FSM) has been used to mathematically describe the various operating modes (states), and the events that may lead to mode changes (transitions). Therefore, the developed centralized controller aims at optimizing the performance of MG during all possible operational scenarios, while maintaining its reliability and stability. Results of selected drastic cases have been presented. These results show stable transition between modes, verifying the validity and applicability of the proposed controller.

Finite state machines (FSM) are a basic component in hardware design, they represent the transformation behveen inputs and outputs for sequential designs. FSMs can be rep-resented graphically, which would help the designer to visu-alize and design in R more efficient WRY, on the other ...