Fraternity and Sorority Life

OBJECTIVE Describe Greek life students' perspectives of party culture, safety, and College Sexual Violence (CSV) prevention. PARTICIPANTS 27 US undergraduates: 5 fraternity underclassmen, 6 fraternity upperclassmen, 10 sorority underclassmen, 6 sorority upperclassmen. METHODS Students participated in one of four focus groups, separately by gender and academic year. Facilitation guide addressed partying, sexual violence, and safety. RESULTS Greek life members described partying preferences, perceived safety threats, and actions they took to party safely. University efforts to support safe partying were not universally viewed as helpful. CONCLUSIONS Although Greek life students strive to create safe partying environments, there remain missed opportunities to mitigate risks related to CSV. The responsibility to ensure safe partying falls too heavily on students, resulting in universities missing opportunities to provide measures that promote safety while mitigating risks and potentially serious harms.

Little to no research has been conducted to assess the impact of formal sorority recruitment processes on efficacy levels of sorority women. While numerous studies have been conducted concerning the development of individual women and skills gathered throughout their
collegiate experience, there has been limited research on how participation in sorority recruitment may impact psychological and physiological states, and increase or decrease self and collective efficacy.

If the original intent of sororities was to provide friendship, support, and encouragement, are current formal recruitment methods, supported by the National Panhellenic Conference, meeting that goal? Addressing this question requires an in-depth understanding of the concept of
self-efficacy and collective efficacy and an examination of the sorority recruitment experience on sorority women. Research was conducted through in-depth focus group interviews to help determine if formal sorority recruitment may impact efficacy levels. The theory of women’s
moral development, environmental theory, and the development of self-efficacy and collective efficacy have helped to guide this study. Sorority women’s perception of efficacy throughout a recruitment process will be explored through an analysis of their thoughts and feelings on formal
recruitment methods.

Fraternities and sororities commonly organize themed social functions. Unfortunately, many of these functions have themes that are racially or sexually derogatory. The belief is that these themes are “just for fun” and there isn’t any intent to harm or offend anyone. This session reviews examples of inappropriate party themes and provides suggestions on creating more inclusive and welcoming environments in fraternities and sororities.

This study was intended to explore the experiences of religious minorities in
historically Christian fraternities and sororities, as well as how they make meaning of their worldview within the context of their fraternal organizations. A narrative inquiry method was used, as three undergraduate students were asked to complete two sets of interviews where they shared stories about their worldview and fraternal experiences. Participant narratives were thematically coded to reveal common themes within and across their experiences, and narratives were also interpreted through the lens of Park’s Theory of Faith Development to shed light on how participants made meaning of their experiences. Results reflected themes that permeated each participant’s story: Support from organization, Connectedness, Expectations not matching experiences, Exploring worldview with others of a different worldview, and Religious privilege within the organization.

Arguably, fraternities and sororities are the most noticeable symbols of college social life. Dr. Fran Becque, a fraternity history scholar states, “Nationally, fraternity or sorority members are the largest and most visible value-based student organizations”.  As a freshman, from the moment you step on campus, you cannot help but notice the ubiquitous Greek letters in a spectrum of bright colors. A diverse array of college fraternities and sororities exists that should appeal to any demographic, culture, or interest. These range from the centuries-old traditionally White associations, historically Black Greek-lettered organizations (BGLOs), Latino-oriented fraternities and sororities, and the newer cultural interest groups that were founded in the past half century. The following chapter presents a history of the American college Greek system; controversies and criticisms of Greek life; the positive attributes and contributions Greeks make to campus life and society; and finally, how to succeed in joining the fraternity or sorority of your choice.

The study examines how the TFM Girls Instagram account, along with its followers, shapes and maintains dominant discourses of masculinity. Mixed-method analyses revealed that women were depicted more in bikinis, posed in overtly sexually suggestive poses, excluded the women’s eyes and faces, and included predominately White, fit, big-breasted women. There was a positive correlation between the number of likes/comments with breast size. There were also instances of misogyny and objectification manifested in the men’s comments attached to the photographs. The results highlight Instagram as a digital extension of fraternal social spaces. TFM Girls reinforces hegemonic masculinity on a macro-level by allowing virtual linkages among fraternity members across the United States and by fostering a national online frat house ripe with misogyny and objectification.

Open access at: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2056305118760809

The period after the Liberation of Bulgaria
(1878) and up to the end of the 1920s is filled with events
leading to significant refugee waves of Bulgarians to the
country. This situation creates difficulties for the official
authorities. They are obliged to find a quick solution to the
refugees’ problems in regard to accommodation, provision
of arable land, education etc. Some of the refugees decided
to settle in Sofia. This text is aimed at finding the role of
some Macedonian fraternity activities in Sofia in the life of
migrants from Macedonia. In this publication I use part of
the results of ethnological research that was held this year
in several districts in Sofia. Also I attach excerpts of some
archives from Central State Archives in Sofia.

Содержание выпуска
Специальный выпуск журнала «Свет Христов просвещает всех: Альманах Свято-Филаретовского института» составлен по материалам конференции «Православные братства в дореволюционной России: приоритеты деятельности», проходившей 31 января – 1 февраля 2017 года в Москве и Подмосковье. Конференция была организована Свято-Филаретовским православно-христианским институтом и Преображенским содружеством малых православных братств.

На конференции прозвучало 14 докладов, 9 из которых публикуются в данном выпуске Альманаха СФИ, было сделано 5 стендовых докладов, состоялись просмотр и обсуждение фильма «Александро-Невское братство», был проведен круглый стол «Основные задачи и приоритеты в исследовании православных братств». Краткое содержание докладов, не вошедших в номер, и наиболее интересные моменты дискуссий помещены в разделе «Обзор дискуссий».

The paper offers an investigation into terms like “dudebro”, “bro shooter” and “bro gaming”, which entered regular usage on English-language gaming websites in around 2011. The author analyses a series of discourses surrounding these terms, and their role in the maintenance of a subcultural gamer identity in the face of newly emergent markets of more mainstream players. By concentrating on journalistic (and some industrial) representations of a subgroup of male players, the paper hopes to contribute to existing research on player identities by showing how social class affects not only the material dimension of access to technology, but also the values involved in being the “type of gamer” to whom much videogame journalism is addressed. Existing research on gaming and social class in Europe finds that working-class masculinity is often associated with a preference for communal play of predominantly Anglophone sports, racing and military shooting genres. This set of tastes contrasts with the games often celebrated within the enthusiast press (and sometimes overrepresented in games studies academia) namely MMOs, single-player RPGs, games from Japan, and narrative-heavy games in sci-fi or fantasy settings. However, in American journalistic accounts, the former set of preferences is more frequently associated with a middle-class (or upwardly mobile) university “frat boy” identity; a possible misassociation which only a few journalistic voices have challenged. Through an application of sociological theories of taste, I argue that the tension between subcultural “geeky” and mainstream “bro-ish” game preferences is key to understanding the social dynamics at work in the faction of “gamer culture” represented by popular games websites.

Il tema della fraternità e della fratellanza costituisce un 'fil rouge' dell'insegnamento di papa Francesco, dalla prima esortazione apostolica "Evangelii Gaudium" del 2013 (e prima ancora nell'enciclica "Lumen fidei") fino alla recente enciclica "Fratelli Tutti". Il contributo tenta di ripercorrere le tappe principali del Magistero degli ultimi anni e indicare alcune chiavi di lettura dell'enciclica, nella prospettiva della diakonia sociale del cristiano e della comunità ecclesiale

Pope Francis' encyclical "Fratelli tutti" proposes the so-called parable of the Good Samaritan (Lk 10:25-37) as the paradigm of a fraternity understood as a social friendship (see Fratelli tutti, n. 56-86). The Samaritan's attitude is traditionally considered the emblem of "supererogation". This is a technical term which indicates those actions and attitudes which, while being morally good, are however not strictly required. This area of actions and attitudes has long been considered beyond ethics and beyond the call of duty which is typical of modern citizenship. This paper aims to show that supererogation can be considered an ethical phenomenon and the core of a new form of citizenship.

Between the 1920's and 1990, pledging historically Black fraternities and sororities was a mode of cultural expression that became more violent over time (Kimbrough, 2003). The pledge process often consisted of walking in lines, dressing alike, and taking direct orders from older members. Kimbrough (2003) acknowledges it was clear pledging members were second-class citizens as early as the 1930s. In February 1990, the national presidents and leaders of eight of the nine major Black fraternities and sororities met and with consensus, banned the pledge process. However, violence and risk continued to plague the membership process.  There are three main implications of the ban regarding membership development in historically Black fraternities and sororities. These implications are explored through the lens of college students, fraternity and sorority staff, and college administrators.

Che cosa significa, oggi, essere fratelli? Essere fratelli, spiega il teologo Grillo, non è questione di "sentimenti da provare", ma di "fatti da riconoscere". Lo è proprio a causa del fatto che sospettiamo di ogni comunità, che limita libertà e eguaglianza Possiamo solo immaginare cosa accadrebbe se provassimo a considerarci tutti fratelli. La questione risposta non è scontata, soprattutto dopo la pandemia.

Riconciliarsi con qualcuno non è facile, soprattutto quando si ha a che fare con desideri che spingono in senso inverso. Un modo per capire più a fondo la dinamica liberante della riconciliazione è osservare da vicino la vicenda di Gesù al momento della sua passione. Proporremo una riflessione a partire dal brano del tradimento di Giuda, così come questo viene presentato dall’evangelista Giovanni (Gv 13,21-30).

In contrast to the male-only world of most of German student life, when Catholic women entered universities in the early twentieth century, they played an important role in what had been male-only Catholic student organizations. What accounts for the differences between Catholic and non-Catholic student subcultures? In this article, I argue that Catholic constructions of masculinity shaped the support for the integration of the first generation of Catholic women students within Catholic student subculture. In this way, this evidence contributes to research on the ways that constructions of masculinity impacted the experiences of men and women.

La troisième lettre encyclique du pape François est son enseignement social sur la fraternité universelle et l'amitié sociale  qui invite à une culture  ouverte et inclusive respectant la dignité de la personne humaine en vue de suscité une société mondialisée juste et solidaire .

La mayoría de los estudios sobre la literatura jesuita en la región del Plata hasta ahora se centraron en un número muy pequeño de textos  considerados los  más importantes, como por ejemplo Ruiz de Montoya y Pablo Restivo, o la traducción de Nieremberg en Guaraní. En nuestra contribución, trataremos de tener en cuenta los textos menos conocidos y su uso didáctico. Después de establecer la tradición del diálogo
didáctico en la historia de la literatura, mostraremos que los textos como Sermones y Explicación de Yapuguay, y algunos manuscritos devocionales no publicados, estaban estrechamente  relacionados  con  el  uso  en  las  cofradías  de  trabajo  social  y  educación religiosa entre los guaraní. Algunos de estos textos obviamente tienen una doble función: fueron utilizados para la devoción personal de los guaranís o para oraciones conjuntas en reuniones de cofradías, pero  al  mismo  tiempo  ayudaron  a  los  mismos  jesuitas  a  mejorar  sus  conocimientos,
proporcionando  textos  en  una  versión  actualizada  de  guaraní  como  el  hablado  en  las reducciones.

Palabras clave: Paraguay; Misiones jesuíticas; Literatura didáctica; Manuscritos devotos; Congregaciones Guaraníes Jesuitas; Aprendizaje de idiomas 

Most studies about the Jesuit literature in the La Plata region up to now focused on a very small number of texts considered the most important ones, as for instance Ruiz de Montoya and Pablo Restivo, or the translation of Nieremberg in Guarani. In our contribution, we will try to take into account lesser-known texts and their didactical use.                                             

After establishing the tradition  of the didactical  dialogue in  literature  history  we will show that texts as the Sermones and Explicación by Yapuguay and some unpublished devotional manuscripts were closely linked to the use in the cofradías in charge of social work and religious education among the Guarani-indians.  Some of these texts obviously have a double function: they were used for the Guaranis’ personal devotion or joint prayers in cofradias’ meetings but at the same time helped the Jesuits themselves to improve their knowledge providing texts in an actualized version of Guarani as the one spoken in the reducciones.
Keywords:  Paraguay;  Jesuit  missions;  didactical  literature;  devotional  manuscripts;
congregations Guarani Jesuits; Language learning

This article explores college hazing as a part of student culture in the 1870s using historical documents from Cornell University and the University of Michigan. These sources illustrate the conflict between students and the institutional administration over student autonomy and the role of faculty in student life, and characterize hazing as an event to test new students’ loyalties to their peers over the faculty. However, as the student body grew larger, and diversified in terms of gender and ethnicity, hazing shifted to smaller exclusive organizations, rather than a demonstration of class solidarity and rebellion against faculty. This article explores the administrative responses at Cornell and Michigan in the late 19th century by documenting reaction to a student hazing death at Cornell in 1873, and detailing an 1874 hazing incident at Michigan, after which 87 men were suspended from the institution following a confrontation involving the freshman and sophomore classes. Connections are drawn to administrative responses to hazing in the early 21st century.

Amidst the contemporary higher education and student affairs research landscape, there is a critical need to explore how sororities engage social media — specifically how their participation in these particular mediums may reinforce negative stereotypes about these organizations. This qualitative study engaged a content analysis of the top 100 most viewed National Panhellenic Conference (NPC) sorority recruitment videos. Findings highlight how many of these videos overwhelmingly cast strong signals to viewers regarding gender, race, and social class. We also offer implications for policy and practice for researchers and practitioners that call for them to better understand how these videos overtly and covertly highlight sorority life on college campuses and the implications therein.

This article argues that Pinkster should be understood as an Atlantic Creole festival in a Dutch-American context, rather than a Dutch-African festival in an American context. It claims that the syncretic character of Pinkster did not originate in North America and that, before arriving on the American East Coast, the essence of what came to be known as Pinkster already existed as a culturally hybrid Luso-African celebration.

Les raids scandinaves qui ont frappé le littoral de la Manche et les bassins de la Seine et de la Loire entre le milieu du IXe et le premier tiers du Xe siècle ont eu pour principale conséquence de vider le Nord de la Neustrie de sa population ecclésiastique et monastique. La reconquête religieuse des Xe et XIe siècles est marquée par le formidable dynamisme de plusieurs mouvements réformateurs bénédictins venus notamment de Bourgogne (Cluny et Saint-Bénigne de Dijon) et de l’Orléanais
(Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire). L’un des facteurs essentiel à cet élan réformateur est l’extraordinaire mobilité des moines chargés de mettre en place leurs coutumes ou/et leur liturgie dans d'autres communautés religieuses. Une telle mobilité ne manque pas de surprendre : la Règle de saint Benoît, qui organise et rythme la vie communautaire des moines, est censée leur imposer une stabilité de lieu. Au-delà de motivations purement liturgiques et spirituelles, des associations confraternelles ont donc été créées entre les communautés religieuses afin de contourner cette contrainte forte et dans le but de permettre une circulation plus aisée des moines chargés de propager les réformes. L’un des objectifs de ces confraternités était de permettre l'accueil des membres associées au sein des espaces de vie communautaire de l'établissement hôte (choeur, cloître, chapitre et réfectoire), comme s'il faisait partie intégrante de la communauté. Ce processus réformateur, s'appuyant sur des confraternités favorisant les mobilités monastiques, est perceptible en Normandie à partir de la seconde moitié du Xe siècle mais s'observe surtout au cours du siècle suivant ; suite à la conquête de
1066, il atteint bientôt l’Angleterre.

Die „Franz Josefs-Universität“ brachte ab 1875 die Möglichkeit akademischer Bildung in das östlichste Kronland der Monarchie. Die zwischen den Karpaten und dem Dnjestr gelegene Bukowina war erst 1775 dem habsburgischen Herrschaftsraum  zugeschlagen worden und zeichnete sich durch eine buntscheckige Diversität auf kleinem Raum ab. Die heute westukrainische Hochschulstadt, in der mit Paul Celan „Menschen und Bücher lebten“, bildete ein nicht immer harmonisches Amalgam aus Deutschen, Juden (drei Viertel der deutschsprachigen Bevölkerung bekannten sich zum Judentum), Rumänen, Ukrainern und Polen.

Mixing oral history and document analysis, this paper discovered how the first Historically Native American Fraternity and Sorority (HNAFS) formed at UNC-Chapel Hill. Founded by the Four Winds in 1994, this paper showcased why Native female students wished to create Alpha Pi Omega and how they fought isolation they felt as Native American students at a primarily white institution in the mid-1990s. Using Tribal Critical Race Theory as a lens for analysis, the rationale for why and how Native American women wished to create a Greek organization was explored.  (in press, Summer 2018)

Im Frühjahr 1848 schob sich zwischen das altehrwürdige Schwarz und Gold der Monarchie die rote Farbe der Revolution. Als langlebiges organisatorisches Ergebnis bildete sich in Prag die "Les- und Redehalle deutscher Studenten", der erste Versuch zur Wahrnehmunfg eines allgemeimpolitischen Mandats in Verbindung mit studentischer  Selbsthilfe an einer österreichischen Hochschule.

Alcohol misuse by members of collegiate fraternal organizations has been cited as a consume the most alcohol of any traditional undergraduate student cohort by frequency and volume. However, the current research literature does not discuss how alcohol is used by fraternity members. This study seeks to understand how alcohol is misused through understanding the personal narratives of fraternity members utilizing qualitative inquiry triangulated through interviews and observation. Consistent with previous research, it was found that alcohol use as a compensatory performed masculinity supports a hegemonic social structure reinforced by liquid bonding, competition, acculturation, sex, hegemonic masculinity. Suggestions are provided regarding how to reframe the fraternity experience.

This study examined rape myth acceptance among 727 university students from 21 U.S. institutions with the updated Illinois Rape Myth
Acceptance scale. Findings showed sorority members rejected rape
myths at greater rates than non-sorority members, but fraternity members were similar to non-fraternity members. Higher rape myth acceptance was associated with males, younger ages, lower GPAs, greater religiosity, greater alcohol consumption, and not knowing a victim of a sexual assault. Research and policy implications are discussed.

Fraternities and sororities commonly organize themed social functions. Unfortunately, many of these functions have themes that are racially or sexually derogatory. The belief is that these themes are “just for fun” and there isn’t any intent to harm or offend anyone. This session reviews examples of inappropriate party themes and provides suggestions on creating more inclusive and welcoming environments in fraternities and sororities.

Puisant dans les sources du for privé, cet article explore les discours de soutien, les vocables affectifs et les témoignages d’union entre réformés, parmi les proposants et les ministres du Désert, entre parents séparés par l’exil ou l'oppression religieuse. Comment s’énonce la fraternité protestante en temps d’épreuve (face aux dragonnades et aux abjurations, face à la Révocation, à la clandestinité ou à la guerre) ? Y a-t-il des registres lexicaux spécifiques, des régimes d’énonciation caractéristiques ? Quel est le discours théologique protestant sur l’émotion – émotion des hommes et émotion prêtée à Dieu face l’affliction ? À quelles occasions les protestants se laissent-ils aller à la confidence et jusqu’où marquent-ils leur fraternité ? Quels sont – du cœur et du corps – les lieux de l’émotion, comment et jusqu’où la décrit-on ? Que dit-on à l’autre de son propre malheur et de ses espoirs ? Cette enquête scrute la façon dont s’expriment les sentiments et se formule l’attachement à la religion réformée, quels en sont les besoins et les limites. Consacrée à l’expression du lien fraternel, cette étude examine la codification des affects liée à l’expérience de la clandestinité, conditionnée par une plus ou moins grande insoumission des consciences, et marquée par un sociolecte biblique. Le parti pris n’est pas de scruter le pathétique des déclarations ni le tragique des confidences mais d'évaluer comment cette émotion se trouve mobilisée ou évacuée des discours protestants élaborés contre le délitement confessionnel de la période révocatoire. Plus fondamentalement, comment se ménage un discours de fraternité à l’heure où, face aux abjurations, se défend une fidélité scrupuleuse à la Réforme ? Quel est le rôle qui lui est assigné dans l’économie de résistance réformée ? Quelle communauté s’énonce dans le chaos ?

We examined the prevalence and repeat offenses of college men, including fraternity men and student athletes, taking advantage of someone sexually while under the influence of alcohol. Preexisting data from the Core Alcohol and Other Drug Survey included a sample of 12,624 college men at 49 community and 4-year colleges. Results provide further evidence that the problem of campus rape is largely one of serial perpetration. More than 87% of alcohol-involved sexual assault was committed by serial perpetrators. Fraternity men and student athletes were significantly more likely to commit alcohol-involved sexual assault than other men on campus.