Ischia

This paper deals with Campanian viticulture and its development throughout the archaic period. In particular, the Author addresses 3 main problems: 1) the Pithecusan wine-production from the late eighth to
the sixth century BC; 2) The diffusion of Pithecusan and Etruscan wine-amphorae in Campania, southern Italy and Sicily in the seventh/sixth century BC; 3) the alleged south-Campanian production hypothesized by Claude Albore Livadie in the light of Nuceria’s material published in 1983. The Author assumes that both the Etruscan flat-bottomed amphorae from Vulci and the similar amphorae found at Nuceria imitate in shape the pithecusan model up-dated at Ischia about the mid-seventh century BC (G. Buchner’s shape ‘B’). After examining the whole archaeological dossier available in literature, the Author tries to distinguish the pithecusan imports in Campania from the Etruscan ones and argues that the amphorae from Nuceria could be identified as local products, as Albore Livadie had already stated. Some interesting literary sources dealing with the ‘Aminaean’ wine are also discussed in order to demonstrate that the Etruscan area between Pompei and Pontecagnano was renowned in antiquity because of its wine-production. Nuceria was the
pivot of this territory because it stands at the crossroads of the road network connecting north Campania with south Campania. The production technique was probably the Etruscan ‘vite maritata’ system that later widespread all over Campania and beyond. Because of the scanty findings of amphorae of Nuceria type outside the region, this south-Campanian production has to be considered a local phenomenon, different from the Etruscan export-trade viticulture. In the paper’s final part (Appendix), the Author discusses the inscriptional records from Etruscan wine-amphorae that provide further material for reflection on trade and economy in preroman Italy.

Im Zentrum der Arbeit stehen Kulturaustausch und Akkulturationsaspekte, die auf die Ansiedlung der Griechen in Unteritalien und Sizilien zurückgehen und aus dem Mit- und Nebeneinanderleben der italischen und sizilischen Bevölkerungsgruppen und der griechischen Kolonisten resultieren.
Anhand der Entwicklung von Grabtypen, Beigaben und Bestattungssitten werden Einflüsse verschiedener Art untersucht wie die Beziehungen zwischen Kolonie und Mutterstadt, zwischen den Kolonien untereinander und zu ihrer Umgebung und zu der im Umland lebenden Bevölkerung. Die Untersuchung erfolgt anhand dreier Fallbeispiele – die euböischen Gründungen Pithekoussai und Kyme in Kampanien, die achäische Kolonie Metapontion und das spartanische Taras in Unteritalien und die rhodisch-kretischen Gründungen Gela und Akragas auf Sizilien.
Es gibt keinen homogenen in allen Kolonien auf die gleiche Weise ablaufenden Prozess, sondern jeweils lokale Entwicklungen, die aus den verschieden agierenden Kulturgruppen im Umland, der Zusammensetzung der griechischen Siedlergruppe, der Lage und Entwicklung der Kolonie und den naturräumlichen Gegebenheiten resultieren.
In allen drei Untersuchungsgebieten sind die griechischen Einflüsse in der indigenen Bestattungskultur deutlich; es ist jedoch keine reine Übernahme griechischer Gepflogenheiten zu beobachten. Die „Idee“, der einzelne Ritus oder Grabtyp und das Bedürfnis, diesen zu verwenden und auch zur Visualisierung sozial differenzierter Gesellschaftsgruppen zu benutzen, geht auf den durch die Koloniegründungen bedingten direkten Kontakt zurück. Die jeweilige Ausprägung und Gestaltung geschieht dann vor dem kulturellen Hintergrund der Indigenen.

Die Dissertation erscheint als zweiter Band in der neu gegründeten Reihe „Italiká“, die ausschließlich die Archäologie des vorrömischen Italien mit all ihren Bereichen zum Thema hat und damit einem aktuellen und stetig anwachsenden Forschungsinteresse entgegenkommt. „Italiká“ wird monographische Werke und thematisch einheitliche Sammelschriften aus allen Gebieten der Altertumskunde aufzunehmen, die sich im weitesten Sinne mit Quellen, Befunden und Funden zu den Bevölkerungsgruppen auf dem Territorium des heutigen Italien in vorrömischer Zeit befassen und methodisch und theoretisch innovative Ansätze bieten, die das weit gefächerte Spektrum der komplexen Welt der Kulturkontakte exemplarisch beleuchten.

Il bel convegno organizzato da Mario Denti e Mathilde Villette ci ha stimolato a considerare lo scavo di aree di produzione della ceramica, invitandoci a riflettere sui gesti, sulle intenzioni e sulle abilità degli artigiani. Ma come ci si comporta se gli scavi del quartiere artigianale,
come nel caso qui trattato, quello dell’area artigianale di Santa Restituta di Lacco Ameno, sono stati condotti molti anni fa in un sito archeologico di primo piano come è Pitecusa, sull’isola di Ischia, senza un metodo di lavoro esplicitato chiaramente e in condizioni precarie? Quanto è possibile ricostruire l’attività dei ceramisti e la storia del sito? È possibile applicare un’indagine multidisciplinare anche a un’area artigianale scavata nel passato?

Giuseppe Pipino. Geologist-gitologist, ores prospector, mining and metallurgical history scholar.

Born in Naples in 1942, he lived in various parts of Italy, mainly in Genoa and Milan. In Genoa he began to take an interest in the collection and study of minerals, in Milan he graduated in 1975, supporting a thesis on the Ovada gold lodes. Then, he extended the study to all the mineral deposits of the Voltri Ophiolitic Group as a collaborator of the National Research Council. The collaboration was interrupted due to scientific differences on the possible genesis of the gold veins, because , at the time, in Italy was supported the syn-sedimentary genesis of all mineralizations. Instead, he argued for its metamorphic-hydrothermal genesis, supported in a publication presented at the international conference in Cyprus (1979) This put him in contact with many foreign academic circles and with Canadian and American mining companies, with whom he began professional collaborations, in Italy and in various foreign countries.

In 1982 he was included in the international roster of the UN, as an expert in "Geological and Geochemical Exploration”.

The experience gained allowed him to recognize and describe in publications, despite the skepticism of Italian parastate mining companies and their academic consultants, the presence of epithermal gold mineralizations in Tuscany, Lazio and Sardinia. As regards the scientific aspect, it should be noted that in the new Treccani Italian Dictionary the new lemma "giacimentologo" (gitologist) is associated only with his name, and, in the introduction of one of his publications, he  can claim “… the contribution given to the so-called evolution of the Italian geological thought”.

The study of the minerals collected has often led to specific publications in the Italian Mineralogical Review, of which he was editor from 1980 to 1995. Some of his mineralogical publications have assumed innovative importance. Following the thesis entrusted to him at the University of Milan, his interest focused on gold and its presence in Italy, a presence which, despite the historical past, at the beginning of his career was ignored, underestimated or completely denied , even academically. He also patented tools for recovering gold and other heavy minerals from river sands and those produced in quarry facilities. At the same time it collected all the possible evidence on ancient mining activities and the panning of alluvial gold, and established the Italian Historical Gold Museum: defined, for these activities, the "prophet of gold", in 2020 it was included in the volume "People of Piedmont".

During the drafting of the thesis, he realized that, since these are ancient mines, useful information could come from the search for unpublished documentation, as well as from an in-depth study of the previous bibliography, more or less known, which he could evaluate on the basis of his technical knowledge : has thus been able to correct many deeply rooted opinions and established errors and has been able to clarify many historical mining and metallurgical aspects.

The historical research on Italian mines, pushed further and further back in time, will lead him to become interested in classical authors and archaeological remains, as well as to confront (and clash) with the relative interpretations. He could correct interpretative and codified deductions regarding Roman mining law, the establishment of the "damnatio ad metalla", the presence and/or exploitation of different ores on the Island of Elba, Arezzo, Ischia, Calabria, Sicily and Sardinia , and reported specific and innovative topics in individual articles on. The countryside explorations also allowed him to discover and illustrate some Salassi peoples and Roman remains of alluvial gold mines, as well as the remains of a Limes built by the Romans to defend the mines stolen from the Salassi. In his latest publication he highlights how the observation of the archaeological remains facilitates the correct reading of the classical authors and allows to cancel the deductions and inventions of the modern ones, requiring to rewrite the ancient history of the territory between Ivrea and Vercelli.
And, for logical historical connection with the Italian ones, he also analyzed the alleged Roman "aurifodines" of Las Medulas in Spain, declared a World Heritage Site by Unesco, demonstrating that the arguments put forward in the numerous responsible publications are unfounded, and there are many evidences to the contrary.

Le ceramiche di Pitecusa, sita nella valle di Lacco Ameno, sono note grazie alle fondamentali pubblicazioni degli scavi di Giorgio Buchner e David Ridgway nella Necropoli di San Montano e da rinvenimenti in altre zone del territorio. Il presente lavoro fa luce sulle ricerche effettuate sul quartiere ceramico di Santa Restituta di Lacco Ameno.

CLASSICAL  AUTHORS AND ITALIAN ORE RESOURCES
The classical authors references to Italian mines are very scarce and mostly referable to times before the end of the Roman Republic. This is because, as Pliny recalls, the Senate had prohibited mining activities in the territory that was part of Italy: previously, as Virgil, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Strabo and Pliny himself affirm, the country was rich in all kinds of metals.

Particularly important was the exploitation of the Gallia Cisalpina fluvial and fluvioglacial gold terraces, during the period in which this territory was occupied by the Romans but was not yet part of Italy: we have impressive tailings of this activity throughout the Po valley, highlighted by the author, but scarce classical evidence only for some generic gold mines of the Salassi people, and for those existing in the Vercelli area (= Bessa, in today's Biellese). Many authors confuse these two areas together and, despite the imposing remains, belittle the product, which instead was remarkable.  Furthermore, the studies and the countryside explorations carried out by the author have allowed to highlight the presence, not only of some important Roman "aurifodinae" tailings, but also of those of many Salassi gold mines, as well as notable remains of a limes that arose after the Roman conquest of these Salassi gold mines and a part of their territory, followed by the conflicts mentioned by Strabo. The "ruina montium" exploitation process, applied in maritime Asturias and Galicia, originates in Cisalpine Gaul, but its essence has been completely misunderstood by recent French and Spanish authors, and it is completely false that it was applied to the tertiary sediments of Las Medulas, erroneously considered economically gold-bearing.

As for the other metals, the iron mines of Elba are known and celebrated in ancient times: the minerals used were limonite and hematite, not magnetite as many authors claim, because this was not usable in the ancient siderurgy.  The silver mines of Sardinia were also known, and destined to the "damnati ad metalla" in the first imperial centuries. And for Sardinia it is also reported a brief gold rush, denied by modern authors but confirmed by the recent gold mining activity propitiated by the author's observations on the presence of epithermal gold deposits. The gold and iron deposits that Strabo indicates to exist near Aquileia, in the Noricum, are located in present-day Austrian Carinthia. For other Italian areas we have only sporadic hints, concerning probable exploitation dating back to times prior to the ban, or referred to as curiosity: the most widespread information generally concerns some processed products, without any reference to the mineral used and its provenance: however, in some cases it is possible to glimpse the local origin, as in the case of Arezzo, Ischia (Pithecusa) and Sicily. The extraction of sulfur in Sicily was very intense, starting from the second century AD, but no classical author speaks of it.

Il volume “PITHECUSAN WORKSHOPS”. Il quartiere artigianale di Santa Restituta di Lacco Ameno (Ischia) e i suoi reperti rappresenta il risultato di molti anni di ricerche archeologiche e archeometriche condotte dall’Autrice, inizialmente nell’ambito della Habilitation presso la Freie Universität di Berlino, grazie a un finanziamento della Thyssen Stiftung di Bonn e, in seguito, grazie al progetto FIRB dal titolo: “IMMENSA AEQUORA. Ricostruire i commerci nel Mediterraneo in epoca ellenistica e romana attraverso nuovi approcci scientifici e tecnologici” (www.immensaaequora.org)
Oggetto dell’indagine è il quartiere artigianale sito sotto la Chiesa di Santa Restituta, a Lacco Ameno di Ischia - l’antica Pithekoussai, molto nota per le fondamentali ricerche di Giorgio Buchner e David Ridgway nella necropoli di San Montano - ai piedi del Monte Vico e vicino al mare. Il contesto, di grande interesse, è stato casualmente portato alla luce negli anni ’50 del secolo scorso dal parroco della Chiesa, Don Pietro Monti; copre una superficie di oltre 1500 mq ed era costituito da più fornaci, di cui 7 sono state individuate, insieme ad aree di lavorazione, a un essiccatoio per tegole, e a strumenti usati dai ceramisti.
Grazie all’utilizzo della termoluminescenza e allo studio dei reperti, è stato possibile stabilire la reale cronologia delle fornaci, che non è circoscritta all’epoca repubblicana come si pensava tempo fa, ma che è compresa tra il periodo tardo geometrico e quello ellenistico. La fornace più antica, quella circolare, risale con tutta probabilità alle prime fasi dell’insediamento greco. Le altre, di forma rettangolare e di misure variabili, sono datate tra l’epoca arcaica e quella ellenistica.
I nuovi dati e la localizzazione del kerameikos nella piazza di Santa Restituta contribuiscono ad aggiungere tasselli alla conoscenza della storia e della topografia dell’isola, nota per le sue argille.
Lo studio archeologico e archeometrico (chimici - XRF - e mineralogica, microscopio polarizzatore) ha permesso di individuare e di caratterizzare le ceramiche prodotte localmente, che sono poi le stesse che si trovano nelle tombe della Necropoli di San Montano e in altri contesti di Pithekoussai. L’importanza dell’area artigianale di Santa Restituta si intuisce per l’abbondanza e la varietà delle classi ceramiche prodotte per un lungo periodo di tempo: ceramiche fini, comuni e laterizi dipinti nel periodo della colonizzazione e in quello arcaico; nel periodo ellenistico, anfore greco italiche bollate in greco, per il contenimento e per il commercio del vino locale, ceramiche fini, matrici, louteria, bracieri e coroplastica, pesi da telaio.
L’incrocio di dati diversi - tipologici, archeometrici ed epigrafici - ha permesso di ottenere nuove e importanti informazioni sull’organizzazione della produzione della ceramica a Ischia ma anche sull’economia dell’isola e del Golfo di Napoli nel corso dei secoli. Vino, metalli, allume e ceramica sono stati al centro delle attività produttive di questa interessantissima isola, meta della colonizzazione greca e per molti secoli al centro di correnti commerciali di primo piano.

"from: "http://www.cnrs.fr/inshs/recherche/librairie/206.htm"
Les historiens et les archéologues savent combien les fouilles conduites sur l’île d’Ischia par G. Buchner ont bouleversé nos connaissances sur la colonisation grecque de l’Italie à l’époque archaïque. L’admirable fouille de la nécropole de Pithécusses, publiée par le fouilleur et D. Ridgway dans les Monumenti Antichi de l’Académie des Lincei, offre une documentation essentielle sur les premiers temps de l’arrivée des Grecs en Campanie. La richesse de cet ouvrage est telle qu’il a été possible à Valentino Nizzo de reprendre l’étude des contextes funéraires selon des méthodes sérielles, de les réorganiser à l’aide de matrices ordonnables et de proposer des réajustements chronologiques de mobiliers et de nouvelles lectures sociologiques des ensembles funéraires. Cet ouvrage qui entre dans la série que le Centre Jean Bérard a consacré aux fouilles de Pithécusses (CITER) offre donc de nouvelles perspectives et fourni d’ores et déjà l’argument de discussions et de débats."

Il progetto ha l’obiettivo di ricostruire il ruolo storico, ambientale ed economico delle isole del Golfo di Napoli nel corso dei secoli, attraverso il caso di Ischia, combinando archeologia, storia, scienze ambientali e scienze marine, per definire gli interventi di antropizzazione degli spazi costieri e insulari.
Oggetto delle ricerche sono gli aspetti geo-archeologici, la paleogeografia delle aree marine costiere, il paesaggio agrario (vite e vino), ambientale e vulcanico (acque, metalli, argille e allume), e le dinamiche produttive e commerciali grazie allo studio archeologico e archeometrico della ceramica e dei carichi dei relitti.

High-resolution satellite images must undergo a geometric rectification process in order to be used for metrical purposes. This operation, called orthorectification, is necessary because of deformations mainly due to camera distortions and acquisition geometry. To correctly orthorectify an image, it is necessary to accurately reconstruct the photogrammetric-acquisition characteristics and the image position with respect to a reference system connected to the ground. This operation, called orientation, can be done using various mathematical models such as rigorous, rational polynomial function (RPF), and rational polynomial coefficient, or, according to some authors, rapid positioning coefficient (RPC) models. Orientation and orthorectification are usually performed within specific commercial software, but in QGIS, these complex operations can be performed using the open libraries of the Orfeo Tool Box (OTB). Unfortunately, instructions given by OTB developers lead to scarce results. In fact, the procedure proposed in OTB does not allow for the full exploitation of the potential of RPC models, on which OTB itself is based. As OTB is open-source software, a plugin was developed to overcome these limitations and exploit its full potential. In fact, OTB interfaces are unfortunately essential, and some necessary functions are missing. Therefore, a new QGIS plugin was developed in order to run the entire process in the most photogrammetrically and statistically correct way, and, at the same time, to simplify the relative procedures.

Medico e naturalista, dal 1567 lettore di botanica nello 'Studium Urbis', archiatra di Sisto V (1586-1590) e familiare del cardinale Ascanio Colonna, Andrea Bacci (Sant'Elpidio a Mare, 1524-Roma 1600) scrisse di farmacologia, zoologia, mineralogia ed enologia. E' noto soprattutto per il "De thermis libri" (Venezia, Vincenzo Valgrisi, 1571), primo trattato completo delle qualità terapeutiche delle acque. L’opera fu accolta con ampio plauso, si impose a lungo come pietra miliare dell’idrologia medica e conobbe ristampe fino al secolo XVIII. Fu infatti ripubblicata a Venezia da Felice Valgrisi nel 1588 , a Roma da Giacomo Mascardi nel 1622, a Padova da Giovanni Battista Conzatti nel 1711, con aggiunte e osservazioni di Antonio Vallisneri che ne riconobbe la perdurante validità. Nel paper si propone un confronto con il "De rimedii naturali che sono nell'isola di Pithecusa, hoggi detta Ischia" (Napoli, Giuseppe Cacchi, 1588) del medico calabrese Giulio Jasolini, lettore di anatomia nello Studio di Napoli, che a più riprese dichiara il suo debito nei confronti di Bacci.

Nocera Superiore, D'Amico Editore, 2022. Il volume ricostruisce l'intera vicenda biografica di Giovanni Strigari, interessante figura di avvocato e politico di origini italo-albanesi, figlio del patriota arbereshe Demetrio e nipote del noto storico Pasquale Villari. La sua attività si svolse tra Napoli e i Campi Flegrei: dal 1904 al 1913 rappresentò in Parlamento i comuni di Pozzuoli, Bacoli, Monte di Procida e le isole di Ischia, Procida e Ventotene, che ne costituivano il Collegio elettorale. Sulla base di documenti inediti sono ricostruiti i rapporti di amicizia e il sodalizio politico con Emanuele Gianturco, oltre al tentativo di costruire un partito di parlamentari meridionali. Pur essendo giolittiano, di idee liberali e democratiche, Strigari ricevette il sostegno di Matilde Serao che ne appoggiò la prima candidatura. In Parlamento collaborò con Enrico De Nicola e Francesco Saverio Nitti. Fu tra i redattori della legge per il suffragio universale maschile e riuscì ad ottenere la 'legge speciale' per il risanamento della 'bassa Pozzuoli'. Il saggio è corredato da numerosi documenti, articoli, tratti da riviste e giornali d'epoca, foto e immagini inedite che contribuiscono a ricostruire il contesto storico-politico di inizio Novecento (ISBN 978-88-99821-52-4).

This project’s goal is the reconstruction of the historical, environmental and economic role of the islands of the Gulf of Naples over the centuries, taking into consideration the case of Ischia in particular. The project combines Archaeology, History, Environmental Sciences and Marine Sciences to define the ways in which anthropization occurred in the coastal and island areas.
The topics of the research are the geo-archaeological aspects, the paleography of the coastal marine areas, the agrarian countryside (viticulture and wine), the environmental and volcanic aspects (water, metals, clays and alum), and production and trade dynamics (thanks to archaeological study of ceramics and the cargoes of shipwrecks).

Il volume è l'anastatica dell'edizione stampata a Napoli nel 1867, preceduto da un saggio introduttivo di Rosa Maria Delli Quadri. L'opera è strutturata in quattro parti - storia fisica, storia civile, statistica amministrativa ed economica, storia monografica dei sei comuni dell'isola e del Castello di Ischia - ed è il risultato di un intenso lavoro volto, come si legge nella Prefazione dell'autore, D'Ascia, a «dissotterrare tutto quanto riguardava l'isola d'Ischia, sia dalle opere storiche, sia dai cenni pubblicati, dalle memorie edite; sia dagli archivi, dalle cronache, e dalle tradizioni, che oscure restavano, obliate negli ammuffati scaffali di qualche segreteria municipale, o tra le ragnatele di un antico libro di memoria di qualche famiglia di quest'Isola».

Notizie, documenti e antichi strumenti delle chiese di Ischia.
Un viaggio nei luoghi sacri dell'isola alla ricerca di antichi organi di produzione napoletana, fornendo dati e informazioni sulle caratteristiche di questi strumenti e sui loro artefici. News and documents on the ancient pipe organs in Ischia.

Convegno di Studi in ricordo di Giorgio Buchner, a 100 anni dalla nascita (1914 – 2014) – Organizzato da A. Cazzella, A. Guidi, F. Nomi. Anacapri, 27 ottobre
Capri, 28 ottobre
Ischia/Lacco Ameno, 29 ottobre
POSSIBILITA' DI ALLOGGIO GRATUITO A CAPRI
ubiminor2014@gmail.com

Resumen El presente artículo trata de determinar qué hay de cierto en el supuesto de que Ber-nardo Tasso estuvo en Ischia en 1533; se desvela que es un tópico enquistado en la bi-bliografía sin apoyos en datos contrastables, y a partir de este punto, se investiga en qué fecha o fechas pudo darse esta estancia, partiendo ahora de las referencias poéticas y las menciones que aparecen en varios epistolarios que vinculan al poeta a la corte poética de Ischia. Abstract «…al servitio de la felice memoria del Marchese del Vasto». Notes on the presence of Bernardo Tasso in the poetic court of Ischia This article attempts to reveal how much truth there is in the assumption that Bernar-do Tasso was in Ischia in 1533; it is clear that this is a subject that has taken hold in the bibliography but is unsubstantiated by contrastable data, and from this point the date or dates on which this visit may have taken place are also investigated, setting out from the poetic references and comments which appear in several epistles linking the poet to the court of Ischia.

Ischia is an Italian volcanic island in the central Mediterranean Sea, sadly famous in the last two centuries because in 1883 a strong earthquake destroyed the town of Casamicciola and killed over 2300 people. During the twentieth century the island has not suffered other disasters of geological origin and has seen a conspicuous increase in tourism, therefore urbanization. However, the nature of the place has not changed, so in summer 2017 a new earthquake shook the town of Casamicciola, causing two deaths and thousands of displaced people. This opened a debate on the relationship between human beings and their environment, on the type of development followed in the last century, on the model of reconstruction to be carried out, on safety in a tourist resort and, moreover, isolated in the sea. The paper addresses these issues using the analytical tools of cultural anthropology, maintaining a long-term perspective.

Catalogo, con disegni sui reperti originali eseguiti dall'Autore,
degli amuleti egizi ed egittizzanti o Aegyptiaca
(scarabei,statuine di divinità nilotiche quali Ptah-Pateco,
Sekmeth e Nefertum etc.) rinvenuti nelle tombe nn. 1-723 della necropoli
euboica di Pithekoussai (isola d'Ischia/Napoli, Italia).
Tali ritrovamenti risultano fondamentali per la conoscenza della
diffusione della cultura egizia nel mondo
mediterraneo grecoarcaico ad opera dei naviganti orientali (fenici, siriani etc.).

High-resolution satellite images must undergo a geometric rectification process in order to be used for metrical purposes. This operation, called orthorectification, is necessary because of deformations mainly due to camera distortions and acquisition geometry. To correctly orthorectify an image, it is necessary to accurately reconstruct the photogrammetric-acquisition characteristics and the image position with respect to a reference system connected to the ground. This operation, called orientation, can be done using various mathematical models such as rigorous, rational polynomial function (RPF), and rational polynomial coefficient, or, according to some authors, rapid positioning coefficient (RPC) models. Orientation and orthorectification are usually performed within specific commercial software, but in QGIS, these complex operations can be performed using the open libraries of the Orfeo Tool Box (OTB). Unfortunately, instructions given by OTB developers lead to scarce results....

Purpose The fossil record of postcranial remains assigned to Allodaposuchidae is currently sparse. However, the Late Cretaceous paleontological site of Lo Hueco (Cuenca, Spain), from where two new taxa of allodaposuchid have been described, has yielded numerous postcranial remains assignable to this clade. Among them, the large amount of pelvic and femoral material is notable, providing the opportunity to study these allodaposuchid elements and assess their morphological similarity with other eusuchian remains. Methods The comparison with extant crocodylians was accomplished using traditional morphometric techniques, whereas the comparison with other fossils and establishment of morphotypes was done using morphological criteria. Results The results of the cluster and principal components analyses show morphological diferences between extant crocodylians and allodaposuchids from Lo Hueco, allowing the segregation of these lineages. The similarities found between the pelvic and femoral remains from Lo Hueco, and those referred to Allodaposuchus precedens and other putative allodaposuchids from the Iberian Peninsula, allows referral of these remains to allodaposuchids. The diferences found among the femoral and pelvic remains of Lo Hueco enables us to recognize two morphotypes per each element. Conclusions This study allows a better understanding of allodaposuchid postcranial elements that were previously poorly known. The ilia, ischia and femora from Lo Hueco allodaposuchids are distinct from those of other crocodylian lineages. Finally, the fact that there are two morphotypes per each element at Lo Hueco is congruent with the presence of two diferent allodaposuchids at the site.

El equipo de expertos aquí reunido se plantea un nuevo acercamiento a la obra de Garcilaso, proponiéndose una inmersión total en el contexto histórico, literario y cultural italiano y, muy especialmente, en el de Nápoles. No interesa Garcilaso solo como mero receptor de una serie de influencias, sino más propiamente, como un poeta italiano, inmerso en ese ambiente e interactuando con los demás poetas del momento codo a codo, descubriendo en lengua castellana los caminos que se están empezando a abrir para otros poetas italianos, amigos suyos, decididos a promover el renacimiento de la égloga en vulgar.

On 21 August 2017 at 20:57 (local time) a very shallow (H = 1.2 km), moderate (Md = 4.0),earthquake hit the volcanic island of Ischia (Southern Italy), causing the death of two people. The study of the damage to the buildings with the European Macroseismic Scale 98 (EMS-98), carried out immediately after the earthquake, highlighted that hilly area of Casamicciola Terme, on the northern side of the Mt. Epomeo, was the most damaged part of the island with locally quite relevant damage (I = VIII EMS). This seismic event is the first damaging earthquake in Ischia during the instrumental era. In fact, this provides, for the first time, the opportunity to integrate historical seismicity,
macroseismic observations, instrumental information, and detailed mapping of the geological coseismic effects. In this work we evaluate the effects induced by the 2017 Casamicciola earthquake on the environment using the Environmental Seismic Intensity 2007 (ESI-07) macroseismic scale. This macroseismic analysis, together with the superficial coseismic faulting characteristics and the available geophysical information, allows us to reconsider the source model for the 2017 earthquake
and the previous damaging historical earthquakes in the Casamicciola Terme area. The application of the ESI scale to the Casamicciola Terme earthquake of 21 August 2017 and the assignment of seismic intensity offers better spatial resolution, as well as an increase of the time window for the assessment
of the seismic hazard, allowing to reduce the implicit uncertainty in the intensity attenuation laws in this peculiar volcano-tectonic setting. Since intensity is linked to the direct measure of damage, and it is commonly used in hazard assessment, we argue that building damage at Casamicciola Terme is strongly influenced by earthquake surface faulting and near field effects, and therefore controlled by
the geometry of the seismic source.

High-resolution satellite images must undergo a geometric rectification process in order to be used for metrical purposes. This operation, called orthorectification, is necessary because of deformations mainly due to camera distortions and acquisition geometry. To correctly orthorectify an image, it is necessary to accurately reconstruct the photogrammetric-acquisition characteristics and the image position with respect to a reference system connected to the ground. This operation, called orientation, can be done using various mathematical models such as rigorous, rational polynomial function (RPF), and rational polynomial coefficient, or, according to some authors, rapid positioning coefficient (RPC) models. Orientation and orthorectification are usually performed within specific commercial software, but in QGIS, these complex operations can be performed using the open libraries of the Orfeo Tool Box (OTB). Unfortunately, instructions given by OTB developers lead to scarce results....

My intention is to show that the Athenian propaganda deliberately concealed the contribution of miners-metallurgists. The theatrical performances and tragedies were not so much related with wine and Dionysus, as they were with Dionysus, the patron god of miners-metallurgists. Their sufferings, the death of miners-metallurgists in the depths of the earth and in the tunnels of the mines, were similar to those of their patron god, Dionysus.

On August 21, 2017 at 20:57 (local time) an earthquake with Mw 4.0 (Lat. 40.74 • , Long 13.90 • , hypocentre's depth at about 2 km) hit the Ischia island. The earthquake heavily damaged the Casamicciola Terme village reaching the VIII EMS maximum intensity at Piazza Maio and caused two fatalities and widespread damages in the Fango district (Lacco Ameno village), I=VII EMS. Although, the Casamicciola earthquake is a small size volcano-tectonic event, it produced several ground coseismic effects as recognized for shallow earthquakes occurring in other volcanic areas. Soon after the mainshock, a composite surveying team (EMERGEO Working Group, http://emergeo.ingv.it/ and CNR / IAMC), activated in the epicentral area to collect data on the coseismic ground effects, recording more than 100 geological field observations. In detailed were collected coseismic fractures and ruptures, some modest gravitational phenomena such as small size collapses of some m3 and small landslides in volcanoclastic deposits and widespread coseismic effects related to the shaking e.g., collapse of drywalls. Field mapping was mainly carried out using the smartphone's GPS equipped with software using compass and orientation sensors (Rocklogger; My Tracks; Earthquake GeoSurvey). The whole data set was stored and managed in a georeferenced database by means of an ESRI ArcGIS platform. Additionally, to achieve an accurate documentation of the most prominent coseismic ground effects, the post-earthquake survey was supported by Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) equipped with a Sony Alpha 6000 camera and a Flir SC655 thermal camera. The coseismic ruptures collected show a medium WSW-ENE to E-W predominant strike, with total length of about 2km and vertical component of movement always with constant kinematics north side down. The extensional component of the movement is accommodated by open cracks with a maximum opening of 3cm and an offset of maximum 2cm. According to the pattern of coseismic effects, the area of ground deformation was identified along the fault systems E-W-WSW-ENE in Northern sector of the Mt. Epomeo, already mapped in literature as active structures. All seismo-geological features (length, geometric pattern, movement direction, offset, relationship with the topography, comparison with structural setting and seismological historical data), lead to hypothesize the observed dislocation could be defined as primary surface faulting of the 21 August 2017 volcano-tectonic event (Mw 4). Moreover the primary and secondary coseismic geological collected data allowed us to assess the preliminary intensity of VII ESI scale.