Sumatra

It is generally assumed that wage-labour is the most efficient and productive form of work. A well functioning labour-market is seen as a guarantee of achieving economic growth. In Indonesia, however, most work is still organised as selfemployment and as unpaid family labour in the informal sector, or as household work in subsistence production for self-consumption (Evers 1992).

Understanding the effect of anthropogenic disturbance, and its interaction with carnivores and their prey, is crucial to support the conservation of threatened carnivores, particularly in rapidly changing landscapes. Based on systematic camera-trap sampling of four protected areas in Riau Province of central Sumatra, we assessed the habitat occupancy and spatiotemporal overlap between people, potential carnivore prey, and four threatened species of medium-sized or large carnivores: Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae), Malayan sun bears (Helarctos malayanus), dholes (Cuon alpinus), and Sunda clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi). To assess spatial overlap of target species, we used single-species occupancy models and applied a Species Interaction Factor (SIF) to conditional two-species occupancy models. We also used kernel density estimation (KDE) to assess temporal overlap among these species. Our habitat use models showed that altitude (elevation) strongly influenced the occupancy of all large carnivores and potential prey species. Except for Sunda clouded leopards, the occurrence of large carnivore species was positively related to the spatial co-occurrence of humans (SIF > 1). In addition, we found that sun bears and dholes both exhibited high spatial overlap with tigers, and that sun bears alone exhibited high temporal overlap with people. Our findings contribute to an improved understanding of the contemporary ecology of carnivores and their prey in rapidly changing, southeast Asian landscapes. Such knowledge is important to the conservation and recovery of large carnivores in conservation hotspots that are increasingly dominated by humans across Sumatra, as well as globally.

«Путешествие» Ибн Баттуты занимает особое место среди средневековых арабских источников по истории малайского мира. Это одно из немногих арабских свидетельств о регионе, основанных на рассказах очевидца. В 1345-1347 гг. Ибн Баттута совершил плавание из Индии в Китай и обратно через Малаккский пролив, посетив по дороге султанат Самудра-Пасай на Северной Суматре и портовый город Какула, предположительно находившийся на побережье Малаккского полуострова. Описание этих портов занимает несколько страниц в «Путешествии» и содержит не только историко-географические, но и этнографические сведения. Несмотря на небольшой объем и сложности в восстановлении хронологии и маршрута, сообщения Ибн Баттуты служат ценным источником по истории малайско-индонезийского региона. Тем не менее, на русском языке они до сих пор не изданы. Русского перевода полного текста «Путешествия» не существует. В разное время в нашей стране публиковались отдельные извлечения из сочинения, однако главы, посвященные Юго-Восточной Азии, остаются за рамками этих изданий. Публикация содержит перевод отрывков из «Путешествия» Ибн Баттуты, посвященных Самудре и Какуле, и комментарии к нему. Перевод выполнен с арабского текста, изданного в 1858 гг. французскими востоковедами Ш. Дефремери и Б. Р. Сангинетти.

This article examines the geographies and politics of the global trade in orangutans in the name of science and entertainment in the first half of the twentieth century, along the background of the growing international nature protection movement. In doing so, it draws attention to historical processes that led to environmental conservation in northern Sumatra. It looks at some of the causes of the wildlife trade, linking animal-human engagement in northern Sumatra in the early twentieth century to large-scale agricultural development. During this period, wildlife traders brought shipments of orangutans from northern Sumatra to Europe and elsewhere around the world. The orangutan trade and the arrival of large numbers of apes in Europe broadly influenced material practices and decisions central to the colonial project. This included the tightening of borders and surveillance in the ports and on land, as well as the creation of wildlife protection laws and policies that regulated human relationships with the environment in colonial Indonesia.

Orang Kubu, well known as Orang Rimba, are considered one of the minority ethnic groups in Indonesia. They live in the lowland rainforest in Sumatra, Indonesia, mostly
in the Jambi Province. Orang Rimba are essentially a community that can be classified as a minority ethnic group.

At least six species of wild cats live in Sumatra. Many are globally threatened and yet their ecology is poorly understood. We investigated ecological characteristics and spatial and temporal overlap among cats in central Sumatra using
data from systematic and opportunistic camera trapping in five major forest blocks. We developed occupancy models assessing probability of site use by each cat based on (1) photo-trap rates of other species at the same locations and (2) landscape-level factors extracted from geographic information systems. We also used two-species co-occurrence models to assess spatial overlap and used kernel density estimates on circular data to assess temporal overlap between species pairs. We photographed five cat species: Sumatran tigers, Sunda clouded leopards, Asiatic golden cats, marbled cats and leopard cats. Four cats were present in all sampling blocks and one sampling block had all five cats. Spatially, cat distributions varied among forest types, within the sampling blocks and across
elevation. We placed camera traps at elevations ranging from 6 to 460 m above sea level. The five cats used statistically different elevations, with golden cats found at highest elevation. Site use by tigers and leopard cats negatively covaried
with distance to protected areas. Clouded leopard presence covaried positively
with altitude. Leopard cat presence covaried with the photo-trap rate of tigers,
whereas the presence of tigers covaried with the photo-trap rate of non-cat carnivores.
We found little evidence of spatial avoidance among cats at camera sites.
Temporally, species more similar in size, or with similar-sized prey, had lower
overlap, suggesting temporal avoidance. We identified six mechanisms promoting
coexistence of central Sumatra cats. Knowledge of interspecific interactions
may improve the effectiveness of management aimed at conserving the increasingly
threatened wild cat community.

"Beyond the Java Sea" explores the traditional art of eight regions in the so-called outer islands: Nias, the Batak and the Lampung regions of Sumatra, Sulawesi (Celebes), Kalimantan, the Lesser Sundas (Nusa Tenggara), the South-east Moluccas, and Irian Jaya (West Irian). Relatively unknown in the West, the outer islands include all of Indonesia's islands except Java (including nearby Madura) and Bali, the better-known inner islands that border the Java sea.

Through the chapters of this book, the reader will travel from Nias in the far west to Irian Jaya in the east, encountering artworks that are exemplars of indigenous Indonesian aesthetics as well as masterpieces as defined by a Western collector's aesthetic. These works and the accompanying discussions will also introduce the peoples who produce them. Throughout this region, art links village life with the supernatural; it honors ancestors, cements alliances, affirms political power, social rank and kin relationships, and, of course, it simultaneously surrounds with beauty the peoples who create it. Yet each regional style presents topics and problems peculiar to it. The format of this presentation will allow readers to understand the similarity as well as the diversity, finding in the art of each region recurring themes and styles that reflect the closely related histories of the peoples and the similar purposes for which all Indonesians create art.
= = = = =

Note:  Book is out of print; available from used-book dealers, e.g.:

https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchResults?sts=t&cm_sp=SearchF-_-home-_-Results&an=taylor&tn=beyond+the+java+sea&kn=&isbn=

The waterways of the Western Archipelago of Indonesia were of high importance for early intra-Asian sea
trade. Maritime crossroads in Sumatran waters, particularly the Straits of Bangka, Gaspar and Karimata
formed the most frequented sea lanes. Trading ships coming from the Straits of Melaka, the Gulf of Siam
and the South China Sea entered the Java Sea through these water passages. By presenting unpublished
survey reports on shipwreck sites conducted in this area, I wish to investigate the connective function of
these maritime passages in the history of commerce and communication. The archaeological finds portray
the various functions of these major sea straits in Asia. Discovered from 2007 to 2010, the wreck sites from
the 10th to the 19th century were found partly furnished with large cargos, but most of them had already
been disturbed or looted. This large number of archaeological discoveries highlights the fact that the official
count of shipwrecks is far too small. There is an urgent need for establishing a find distribution map for
historic wreck sites in order to protect these sites.

Sriwijaya (Srivijaya; Thai: ศรีวิชัย atau "Ṣ̄rī wichạy") adalah salah satu kemaharajaan bahari yang pernah berdiri di pulau Sumatera dan banyak memberi pengaruh di Nusantara dengan daerah kekuasaan membentang dari Kamboja, Thailand Selatan, Semenanjung Malaya, Sumatera, Jawa, dan pesisir Kalimantan. Dalam bahasa Sansekerta, sri berarti “bercahaya”, dan wijaya berarti “kemenangan” atau “kejayaan”, maka nama Sriwijaya bermakna “kemenangan yang gilang-gemilang”.
Kerajaan Sriwijaya adalah salah satu kerajaan besar yang bukan saja dikenal di wilayah Indonesia, tetapi dikenal di setiap bangsa atau negara yang berada jauh di luar Indonesia. Hal ini disebabkan letak Kerajaan Sriwijaya yang sangat strategis dan dekat dengan Selat Malaka. Telah kita ketahui, Selat Malaka pada saat itu adalah jalur perdagangan yang sangat ramai dan dapat menghubung-kan antara pedagang-pedagang dari Cina dengan India atau Romawi. Dari tepian Sungai Must di Sumatra Selatan, pengaruh Kerajaan Sriwijaya terus meluas yang mencakup Selat Malaka, Selat Sunda, Selat Bangka, Laut Jawa bagian barat, Bangka, Jambi Hulu, dan mungkin juga Jawa Barat (Tarumanegara), Semenanjung Malaya hingga ke Tanah Genting Kra. Luasnya wilayah laut yang dikuasai Kerajaan Sriwijaya menjadikan Sriwijaya sebagai kerajaan maritim yang besar pada zamannya.
Dari latar belakang tersebut lebih lengkapnya akan kami bahas dalam makalah ini yang lebih di tekankan dari aspek sistem kepercayaan pada masa kerajaan sriwijaya dan tentunya kami tidak melupakan untuk membahas mengenai catatan sejarah dari kerajaan sriwijaya.

"This book offers annotated translations of documents touching on Dutch admiral Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge and his voyage to Asia between 1605 and 1608. These translations are aimed at a contemporary English-speaking Asian readership interested in the early modern history of European trade, warfare and expansion in Southeast Asia with a focus on Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. Researchers specialising in early European colonialism, international law, international relations, security studies, and diplomatic history will also find that the documents translated in this volume offer new and unfamiliar perspectives. Materlieff’s business acumen, military and diplomataic prowess as well as his vision of empire all have implications for examining not only European expansion into Southeast Asia, but also into other regions at large, including especially south Asia, Africa and the Americas.
Admiral Matelieff was a director of the Rotterdam Chamber of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) formed in 1602. He was appointed fleet commander on one of the company’s first voyages to Asia. Matelieff’s mission was both commercial and military: he launched a major sea-borne attack on the Portuguese colony of Melaka, arranged for the signing of treaties with the rulers of Johor, Aceh and Ternate, and founded the first Dutch fort on the island of Ternate. His endeavours, however, to open the Chinese market for the Dutch company proved unsuccessful.
Following his return to the Dutch Republic in September 1608, Matelieff penned a series of memorials and letters. In these he advanced recommendations for changing the way the company organized its fleets and conducted business. More importantly he offered  his Dutch contemporaries a vision of empire in Asia. The materials contained in this volume offer important observations of a perceptive analyst who was also determined to grasp the political and economic structures of Asia, and also of inter-state relations in across this vast region. At a time of Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Danish, French and English engagement in Southeast Asia, Matelieff sought to critically assess and strategize on the ways in which Europeans were increasingly engaging with Asian polities and their rulers.

This book will be released for sale in Australasia and Europe in June 2014 and available in the Americas after September 2014
""""

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The Atlas of Maritime Silk Road Buddhism by Prof Lewis Lancaster contains a series of lectures he presented at the Department of Religious Studies for the University of the West in California.  These lectures give a description of the search for models that can deal with the study of how Buddhism spread from the Ganges Basin and established itself throughout the Southeast area of Eurasia.  In addition to the lectures, there are many images in the volume from the large museum exhibits that opened at the City University of Hong Kong and the Buddha Museum at Fo Guang Shan in Taiwan.  As part of the data collecting process, Prof Sarah Kenderdine from Lausanne, Switzerland secured a grant from the Australian Research Council to take 3-D and surround images from Buddhist sites tied to the maritime route from India to East Asia. More than three months of filming with camera crews in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Cambodia, and China resulting in a major collection of high density photographs, videos, and sound recordings.  These images were taken by Prof Jeffrey Shaw of Hong Kong and installed as museum exhibitions using 3-D and Virtual Reality that allow visitors to experience the art, architecture, and cultural features on the journey from the shores of India to China. This volume has now been produced by the Institute for the Study of Humanistic Buddhism at Fo Guang Shan to accompany the museum exhibits providing a description of the data used in filming and the research that helped create the story that is told about Maritime Buddhism.





















The Atlas of Maritime Silk Road Buddhism by Prof Lewis Lancaster contains a series of lectures he presented at the Department of Religious Studies for the University of the West in California.  These lectures give a description of the search for models that can deal with the study of how Buddhism spread from the Ganges Basin and established itself throughout the Southeast area of Eurasia.  In addition to the lectures, there are many images in the volume from the large museum exhibits that opened at the City University of Hong Kong and the Buddha Museum at Fo Guang Shan in Taiwan.  As part of the data collecting process, Prof Sarah Kenderdine from Lausanne, Switzerland secured a grant from the Australian Research Council to take 3-D and surround images from Buddhist sites tied to the maritime route from India to East Asia. More than three months of filming with camera crews in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Cambodia, and China resulting in a major collection of high density photographs, videos, and sound recordings.  These images were taken by Prof Jeffrey Shaw of Hong Kong and installed as museum exhibitions using 3-D and Virtual Reality that allow visitors to experience the art, architecture, and cultural features on the journey from the shores of India to China. This volume has now been produced by the Institute for the Study of Humanistic Buddhism at Fo Guang Shan to accompany the museum exhibits providing a description of the data used in filming and the research that helped create the story that is told about Maritime Buddhism.














The Atlas of Maritime Silk Road Buddhism by Prof Lewis Lancaster contains a series of lectures he presented at the Department of Religious Studies for the University of the West in California.  These lectures give a description of the search for models that can deal with the study of how Buddhism spread from the Ganges Basin and established itself throughout the Southeast area of Eurasia.  In addition to the lectures, there are many images in the volume from the large museum exhibits that opened at the City University of Hong Kong and the Buddha Museum at Fo Guang Shan in Taiwan.  As part of the data collecting process, Prof Sarah Kenderdine from Lausanne, Switzerland secured a grant from the Australian Research Council to take 3-D and surround images from Buddhist sites tied to the maritime route from India to East Asia. More than three months of filming with camera crews in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Cambodia, and China resulting in a major collection of high density photographs, videos, and sound recordings.  These images were taken by Prof Jeffrey Shaw of Hong Kong and installed as museum exhibitions using 3-D and Virtual Reality that allow visitors to experience the art, architecture, and cultural features on the journey from the shores of India to China. This volume has now been produced by the Institute for the Study of Humanistic Buddhism at Fo Guang Shan to accompany the museum exhibits providing a description of the data used in filming and the research that helped create the story that is told about Maritime Buddhism.

A. SEJARAH TERBENTUKNYA PULAU SUMATERA Proses pengangkatan pertama dimulai pada Paleogen bawah, pada zaman tersebut terjadi aktivitas persesaran (fault) dan pembentukan rift atau struktur depresi yang memanjang/ paralel dengan struktur regional. Pada zaman Oligo-miosen lapisan ini mengalami penurunan dan sebagian dari bukit barisan sampai di bawah permukaan air laut. Sedimen yang terendapkan terdapat di bagian barat dan timur dari graben tengah yang sifatnya lokal. Pada zaman Oligo-Miosen

This paper provides an in-depth exploration of a previously under-utilized Arabic source for the history of Islam in Southeast Asia. This text, Al-Nafas al-Yamani was compiled in the Yemen by ʿAbd al-Rahman b. Sulayman al-Ahdal (d. 1250 H./1835 C.E.), and includes a biographical sketch of the Sumatran scholar ʿAbd al- Samad b. ʿAbd al-Rahman al-Jawi al-Palimbani. Through a close, annotated reading of that text this article develops new insights into the configuration of people and ideas populating specific nodes of trans-regional networks in Sumatra and Arabia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. At the same time, it also brings to light important dimensions of Sufi belief and ritual practice during this important transi- tional period of Islamic history in Southeast Asia. This material is then further explored through a discussion of some ways in which documents of this type might be approached by historians working on the intellectual and cultural history of early modern Southeast Asia more broadly.

The Malay World is a region of much greater indigenous socio-cultural complexity than the label would suggest. In addition to speakers of Austronesian-derived Malayic languages in the Peninsula, Sumatra and coastal Borneo, there are some fifteen ethnolinguistic groups who speak Mon-Khmer languages. Historically, these indigenous populations have followed a variety of appropriative modes, including nomadic foraging (forest, strand and maritime), farming (swidden, swamp and irrigated), lake and maritime fishing, the collecting of forest and maritime products for trade, and long-distance inter-regional trading. Their socio-political circumstances have ranged from tribal, through peasants and hereditary state-linked elites linked to long-distance trade, to citizens of modern nation-states. The influence of the various centres of civilization that were present in the region in pre-modern times was also of key importance: coastal trading states, colonial-response states, inland sacred-city (or ‘middle kingdom’) states and cultural suppletion (or mainland migration) states. While some of these were nested into mandala-like or ‘galactic’ polities, the others had quite different consequences. Egalitarianism and ranking in the region both derive in large measure from the emergence of certain structural features – concerning relative-age, unifiliative bias, preferential marriage patterns, and so on – all serving to maintain mutually distinctive societal regimes within the broader regional framework. Earlier theories explained this array as resulting from distinct migratory ‘waves’, but current evidence (from archaeology, linguistics, kinship and social organization, religion, genetics, and other disciplines) suggests that it emerged mostly indigenously through a series of deliberate mutual adjustments, both assimilatory and dissimilatory, between populations that were each seeking mutual advantages vis-à-vis each other. The paper reviews previous work on the topic, and discusses the mechanisms by which the distinctive Melayu form of social organization emerged out of a more generally Malayic one.

This 18-page color-illustrated "mini-catalog" was produced in 1993 by the Australian Museum (Sydney), and distributed only at the two Australian venues of the Smithsonian exhibition "Beyond the Java Sea: Art of Indonesia's Outer Islands": the Australian Museum (Sydney, March 6 - May 30, 1993) and the Queensland Museum (Brisbane, July 1 - Sept. 30, 1993). These were the last two venues of this exhibition, after a successful tour in the USA, the Netherlands, and Indonesia. This booklet reflects the exhibition's exploration of the traditional art of eight regions in Indonesia's so-called outer islands: Nias, the Batak and the Lampung regions of Sumatra, Sulawesi (Celebes), Kalimantan, the Lesser Sundas, the Southeast Moluccas, and Irian Jaya, as well as a special section on outer-island courts.

This booklet (monograph) is now seldom found, and there are only around a half-dozen copies in major research libraries. Another version of this text, with slightly different illustrations and without the Foreword by Des Griffith (Director, the Australian Museum), was published in "Crafts Art International" (Sydney, Issue 27, pp. 41 - 56, see among "Papers" on this Academia.edu page).

PLEASE NOTE: This is drawn from -- but should not be confused with -- the much larger catalog of this exhibition (also available here on Academia.edu) with the full title "Beyond the Java Sea: Art of Indonesia's Outer Islands" (1991, 319 pp.; 435 illus. (incl. 181 color plates), maps, bibliography),

This article provide background information pertaining to the disappearance of two sub-species of tigers from South East Asia. These wild tigers were in great numbers and used to serve as keystone species in Indonesian and Malaysian rainforest. The species are now extinct from the wild. The article reflects the fundamental anthropocentric causes that drove these tiger sub species into extinction.

Aceh Timur mengalami banyak perubahan di awal abad ke-20. Liberalisasi ekonomi yang diterapkan Pemerintah Hindia Belanda, membuka investasi Barat terutama di sektor perkebunan karet. Kesulitan mendapatkan tenaga kerja lokal, akhirnya membuat perusahaan perkebunan mendatangkan ribuan buruh dari luarAceh, utamanya dari Pulau Jawa. Harga karet yang cukup prospek di pasar internasional memicu perubahan dari penamanan lada ke  karet oleh rakyat. Perubahan sosial dan ekonomi pun terjadi pada masyarakat Aceh Timur, yang akhirnya membentuk masyarakat multikultural Aceh Timur dewasa ini.

In a small national park in the Jambi province of Sumatra, Indonesia lives Orang Rimba. A group of matrilineal, animist, hunter-gather and occasional swidden cultivating forest dwellers. They call themselves, Orang Rimba, which translates to People of the Jungle , indicating their dependency and their connectedness with the forest. Over the past decades the Sumatran rainforest have diminished drastically. The homes of thousands of forest dwellers have been devastated and replaced by monoculture oil palm plantations that push Orang Rimba away from their customary land. Development projects, national and international governments, the Non-Governmental Organisation KKI Warsi through initiatives such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) seek to conserve forests and develop peoples . In the middle of all this Orang Rimba are struggling to keep their eminence as a group who define themselves in contrast to others , people of the outside . The core question this thesis asks is how physical changes in the environment have affected Orang Rimba of Bukit Duabelas and their perceptions of the world. It answers the question by going through Orang Rimba now and then , drawing mainly on the works of Steven Sager (2008) and Øyvind Sandbukt (1984, 1988, 2000 and in conversation) as well as other comparable literature to compare. It proves that Orang Rimba have moved from being a group almost completely isolated from the world outside the forest to a group in nearly daily contact with the outside dependent on foods, trading partners and the monetary economy represented by the outside. Their significant adat customary system however, reveals that women play a significant role in Orang Rimba s success not to assimilate into major society. Simultaneously, their traditional practices are daily challenged by outside influences. This thesis goes through the changes and challenges, and adjustments Orang Rimba face in a world that is physically changing through deforestation, and socially changing through increased interaction with others . It concludes that despite changes, Orang Rimba have managed to keep their sense of belonging in the forest, where the majority have interest in keeping it intact.

""Southeast Asia is home to many distinct groups of sea nomads, some of which are known collectively as Orang (Suku) Laut. Those located between Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula are all Malayic-speaking. Information about their speech is paltry and scattered; while starting points are provided in publications such as Skeat and Blagden (1906), Kähler (1946a; 1946b; 1960), Sopher (1977:178–180), Kadir et al. (1986), Stokhof (1987), Collins (1988) and Collins (1995), a comprehensive account and description of Malayic Sea Tribe lects has not been provided to date. This study brings together disparate sources, including a bit of original research, to sketch a unified linguistic picture and point the way for further investigation. While much is still unknown, this paper demonstrates relationships within and between individual Sea Tribe varieties and neighbouring canonical Malay lects. It is proposed that Sea Tribe lects can be assigned to four groupings: Kedah, Riau Islands, Duano and Sekak.

Abstrak (Bahasa Indonesia)
Asia Tenggara merupakan tempat menetap bagi kelompok Orang (Suku) Laut. Mereka yang tinggal di perairan antara pulau Sumatra dan Semenanjung Malaysia berbahasa rumpun Melayik. Informasi tentang bahasa yang digunakan oleh suku-suku ini sangat terbatas dan belum terkumpul dengan baik. Walaupun keterangan awal tersedia dalam penelitian-penelitian yang dipublikasikan oleh Skeat dan Blagden (1906), Kähler (1946a; 1946b; 1960), Sopher (1977:178–180), Kadir et al. (1986), Stokhof (1987), Collins (1988) dan Collins (1995), pemetaan dan deskripsi yang menyeluruh tentang variasi bahasa Suku Laut Melayik ini belum tersedia sampai sekarang. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menyatukan seluruh sumber informasi yang tersebar mengenai bahasa suku tersebut dengan mengikutsertakan penelitian pokok sebagai upaya untuk memberikan gambaran linguistik terpadu dan arahan untuk penelitian selanjutnya. Lepas dari kenyataan bahwa masih banyak hal yang belum terungkap, makalah ini menunjukkan keterkaitan baik antara masing-masing variasi bahasa Suku Laut dan juga relasi masing-masing variasi bahasa itu dengan variasi-variasi bahasa Melayu di sekitarnya. Variasi bahasa Suku Laut itu dapat dibagi ke dalam empat rumpun dialek:  Melayu Kedah, Suku Laut Kepulauan Riau, Duano dan Sekak.""

This article aims to contribute to our understanding of the history of Islam in pre-modern Southeast Asia through the critical examination of previously under-utilized source material.1) In particular, it presents a translation and close examination of an excerpt from a work written in the tradition of Arabic "biographical dictionaries" (tabaqat) that may serve to supplement the source bases traditionally consulted for the history of Islam in Southeast Asia and its "inter-Asia connections" in the eighteenth century.2) The discussion begins with the contexts in which the Sufi scholar discussed in the text was born, focusing on the Sumatran city of Palembang and the Arab diaspora in the Indonesian Archi pelago. I will then introduce the main character of our story, ?Abd al-Samad al-Jawi "al-Palimbani," with a focus on his scholarly pedigree, and the place of his work in the reconfiguration of Sufi thought and practice in Southeast Asia. From there the foc...

Srivijaya is a federation state in Nusantara on the 7th century AD. Dapunta Hyang as the first of Datu Sriwijaya, was first mentioned in the Kedukan Bukit Inscription (606 AD). In its development, Srivijaya's authority which began in Palembang began to develop into the surrounding areas. Evidence of this expansion of Srivijaya is recorded in the Srivijaya inscriptions found in these areas. The inscriptions found generally contain curses about people who rebel against unity. This paper is intended to reconstruct the ecological considerations made by Srivijaya in expanding its territory. This paper connects the location of the discovery of the inscription, the composition of the contents of the curse of the inscription and number of inscriptions to find out the priority scale of the Sriwijaya territory. The analyzed data is then compare it with the ecological conditions of each region. In interpreting the expansion of the region based on ecological and geographic conditions, political ecology theory is used. Finally, it can be seen that Palembang is the axis of unity, because of the many inscriptions found and the curse composition in the inscriptions. Palembang has a wealth of natural resources and the most favorable geographical conditions for the Sriwijaya Union. The inscription discovery area outside Palembang is a hinterland area, whose natural wealth is used as a commodity for Kadatuan Sriwijaya

The morphological diversity of the stone sculptures in the highlands of Sumatra suggests the existence of different cultural units in prehistory. Dating these so-called megalithic complexes and putting
them in a larger historical and socio-economic context, however, still pose
many problems. First, to unearth the
material culture of the Jambi highlands and to interpret the artefacts, including
the megaliths, in their archaeological context. Second, to search for intraand
inter-regional cultural links by means of comparative studies based on
material culture. Third, to date the material culture, and thus to establish a
chronology for the settlement history of the region starting from neolithization
down to the introduction of Islam.

In the highland of Sumatra, Indonesia, the earthenware started to be manufactured and used locally in multiple
production centers in the territories of Kerinci and Serampas from at least 1400 BC. The earthenware
from Bukit Arat is the oldest dated pottery found in Sumatra. The vessels were built by hand using the
paddle-and-anvil-technique. The repertoire of the forms mainly consists of bowls, jars, cooking stands
and lids. Since the 2nd millennium BC, paddle-marks have characterized the earthenware, and since at
least the 10th century, incising, impressing and applications were used for decoration in addition to the paddle-impressions.

Abstract: The endogenous religious and secular musics of the Malay World’s various social formations display a range of performance manners and organisation that reflect their distinctive socio-cultural and religious orientations. This brief paper supplements the material in my chapter “Music and the cline of Malayness”.

While the Malays of southeast Sumatra, beginning with the kingdoms of Melayu and Srivijaya in the 7th century, long dominated the vital trade links between India and China, the speech of their modern-day descendants remains poorly documented and subject to needless controversy. This study is a documentation of the speech of orang Jambi, the approximately one million Malays who live in the Batanghari river basin of Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Motivated by Bronson's (1977) hypothesis that, in much of Southeast Asia, river systems are a key interpretive grid for understanding the region's history, the techniques of dialect geography and the historical-comparative method are used to map the present-day Malay dialects in this river basin and to demonstrate historical relationships among various Malay-speaking areas. Sixteen areas, two downstream and fourteen upstream, were sampled and their core vocabulary recorded using wordlists and texts. These data are analyzed using the comparative method, relying heavily on past reconstruction efforts, most notably that of Proto-Malayic by Adelaar (1992). Phonological innovations for these sixteen varieties are presented, and an effort is made to weigh the relative significance of the various innovations for the purposes of delineating dialects. The innovations in Jambi Malay varieties are also compared with those of neighboring speech varieties, such as Minangkabau, Kerinci, Kubu, Rawas and Serawai. It is concluded that there are at least six distinct Malay dialects in this area: Pesisir (Coastal) Malay (probably closely related to Riau Malay), a dialect labeled Jambi Ilir (Downstream) spoken in the capital area, a dialect labeled Jambi Ulu (Upstream) spoken in upstream areas, two Kubu dialects (Western and Eastern Jambi Kubu respectively) and a Penghulu dialect which classifies most closely with Minangkabau.

In the past few years, increasing attention has been
devoted to the transformation processes of vernacular
architecture. But no satisfying studies exist for Sumatra, to explain the distribution of regional types of vernacular architecture in the past.
This paper aims to address this lacuna by highlighting
archaeological material from South Sumatra and excavated settlement sites from the 3rd to 19th centuries. I will bring into focus new finds from excavations and surveys carried out in the highlands of Sumatra.