Lewis Lancaster

Sourcebook of korean civilization lee peter h 1929. korean buddhism the reader wiki reader view of. buddhism in korea buddhism guide. korean buddhism a short overview charles muller. buddhism in the joseon dynasty philadelphia museum of art. buddhist asia bibliography east west center. interview buddhism in korea ancient history encyclopedia. suppression of buddhism inquiry journey to medieval china. buddhism in koryo a royal religion by lewis r lancaster. is celibacy anachronistic seon buddhism. korea the joseon dynasty boundless art history. ancient world history buddhism in china. culture and state in late choson korea book review. korean history a bibliography buddhism. korean history a bibliography

The study of an entity that we identify as “Chinese Buddhism” started at an early date with the writing of documents that cataloged what came to be the canonic translations and compilations. This focus on the textual tradition and the biographies of those involved in the creation of the Chinese language literature continued to influence study. Over the centuries since those first efforts to establish the identity of the tradition in China, we have seen a variety of approaches to the subject. In every period of time, there have been generally accepted methodologies. These procedures outlined the formalities of study that that resulted from custom, tradition, and preferences of scholars. One result of these developments has been the establishment of limits beyond which there was a penalty of rejection both personal and institutional. Subject matter was ranked so that some aspects were subordinated to a less conspicuous place or status in the scheme of studying Buddhism that could be called “Chinese”. In the contemporary world, new technology has challenged the field and newer methods are raising questions about whether the computer is supplanting the older scholarly tasks or amplifying them. The tasks of researchers must include an appraisal of how they define the character of the subject matter as well as recognizing the limits imposed by custom on the ways of active investigation. Questions remain as to whether the study of Chinese Buddhism has been inclusive of everything that is wanted or required for the full picture of the tradition.

... Kenneth Ch'en Princeton, 1967 Page 11. CHAPTER 1 The Background BUDDHISM, THE RELIGION founded by Gautama Siddhartha who was born in India in the sixth century BC, has been referred to sometimes as the great aberration from the Indian tradition. ...

... No other text agrees with this form.77 (2) The Ming-tu ching adds the expression Wu-fang-shih shan tej 5 liJ78 which is missing in all others.79 Thus, it is possible to document the various patterns occuring in Chapter I of the Ming-tu ching. ...

The study of an entity that we identify as “Chinese Buddhism” started at an early date with the writing of documents that cataloged what came to be the canonic translations and compilations. This focus on the textual tradition and the biographies of those involved in the creation of the Chinese language literature continued to influence study. Over the centuries since those first efforts to establish the identity of the tradition in China, we have seen a variety of approaches to the subject. In every period of time, there have been generally accepted methodologies. These procedures outlined the formalities of study that that resulted from custom, tradition, and preferences of scholars. One result of these developments has been the establishment of limits beyond which there was a penalty of rejection both personal and institutional. Subject matter was ranked so that some aspects were subordinated to a less conspicuous place or status in the scheme of studying Buddhism that could be c...

The problems associated with the definition of the word "culture" are crucial to our understanding of how it can be used in Humanistic Buddhism. Culture as the highest and best of human endeavors reflects itself in Buddhist art and literature. The question of how to deal with culture that is seen as the "ordinary" creates a very different context. If all ordinary human activity can be considered as "culture" then how does this relate to the Buddhist practice and thought? Nationalism, racial divisions, and regional identities bring another set of issues regarding the nature of culture. In our contemporary world, technology has become a major factor in cultural activities, including the blurring of the boundaries between organized inorganic matter such as silicon chips and the organic capacity of the cortex. All of these complexities indicate that "culture" presents us with the full array of human efforts and material productions.

The digital age has come upon us, sometimes with great fanfare and other times with imperceptible changes in our lives and methods of doing things. Information Technology is perhaps the defining digital element of our time. While industrialization dominated commerce and society from the middle of the 19th century, the agents of change today are the digital and biological advances. The achievements of molecular biology in particular dominate the field of biology. We are affected by these scientific developments as much as earlier generations were by railroads and the combustion engine. Information technology, that influences us so much, is difficult to study and comprehend because it is often invisible. We cannot see the electrons that store our data in a computer. Even in the biological sphere, the cutting and shifting of strands of DNA are only indirectly observed. We do not have the large smoke stacks, the rail tracks and other material manifestations before us. But visible or not, this technology has entered our lives and our bodies and all of human experience is undergoing change because of it.

The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative was founded in 1997 by a group of scholars with a mission to advance education and research in the humanities and social sciences through increased attention to time and place. Knowing about context forms the basis for discovery and understanding. Our recent emphasis has been on developing a metadata infrastructure for the four facets What, Where, When and Who, each of which has special characteristics and display requirements, to advance discovery. WHAT requires thesauri of topics and tools to explore cross references within and between thesauri. WHERE needs place name gazetteers and map displays. Similarly, for WHEN we developed a directory that connects named time periods with calendar dates and a timeline or chronology. WHO requires best practices and standards for encoding the events in people’s lives, for contextualizing those events, and for displaying interpersonal relationships.

The study of Korean Son Buddhism has not been as developed as that directed toward the Ch'an tradition in China or the Zen developments of Japan. This neglect is unfortunate since the history of the Son Buddhists in Korea is essential for an adequate picture of East Asian Buddhism. Korean Son offers us a unique glimpse into the methods of training and study for China in the 8~10th Centuries. From 784~911 a steady stream of important Korean Son masters went to China for training. When they returned to Korea, they brought the message that meditation was primary and textual study secondary. These decades were quite different than the previous history of Buddhism in China. For the years of 798~983, no new translations were made from Sanskrit into Chinese. Thus the rejection of textual study being taught to the Korean masters came at a particular time when work on texts had been suspended by the courts. The situation shifted after the establishment of the Northern Sung and by 984 tra...

Abstract This paper presents the research and development of a new omni spatial visualization framework for the collaborative interrogation of the world's largest Buddhist textual canon, using the worlds' first panoramic stereoscopic visualization environment-the ...

... such as one that shows the number of target words according to the time of translation of texts or ... from Fang Shan in China, as well as the corresponding passage in Sanskrit, Tibetan, or Pali ... The capabilities described above will change the way in which we edit and translate texts ...

Page 1. LEWIS R. LANCASTER AN EARLY MAHAYANA SERMON ABOUT THE BODY ... The sounds are pleasing and one is perfectly free to make any melody which is desired. If you want to know about the voice of the Buddha then you should know that it is just like this. ...

The Atlas of Maritime Silk Road Buddhism by Prof Lewis Lancaster contains a series of lectures he presented at the Department of Religious Studies for the University of the West in California.  These lectures give a description of the search for models that can deal with the study of how Buddhism spread from the Ganges Basin and established itself throughout the Southeast area of Eurasia.  In addition to the lectures, there are many images in the volume from the large museum exhibits that opened at the City University of Hong Kong and the Buddha Museum at Fo Guang Shan in Taiwan.  As part of the data collecting process, Prof Sarah Kenderdine from Lausanne, Switzerland secured a grant from the Australian Research Council to take 3-D and surround images from Buddhist sites tied to the maritime route from India to East Asia. More than three months of filming with camera crews in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Cambodia, and China resulting in a major collection of high density photographs, videos, and sound recordings.  These images were taken by Prof Jeffrey Shaw of Hong Kong and installed as museum exhibitions using 3-D and Virtual Reality that allow visitors to experience the art, architecture, and cultural features on the journey from the shores of India to China. This volume has now been produced by the Institute for the Study of Humanistic Buddhism at Fo Guang Shan to accompany the museum exhibits providing a description of the data used in filming and the research that helped create the story that is told about Maritime Buddhism.





















The Atlas of Maritime Silk Road Buddhism by Prof Lewis Lancaster contains a series of lectures he presented at the Department of Religious Studies for the University of the West in California.  These lectures give a description of the search for models that can deal with the study of how Buddhism spread from the Ganges Basin and established itself throughout the Southeast area of Eurasia.  In addition to the lectures, there are many images in the volume from the large museum exhibits that opened at the City University of Hong Kong and the Buddha Museum at Fo Guang Shan in Taiwan.  As part of the data collecting process, Prof Sarah Kenderdine from Lausanne, Switzerland secured a grant from the Australian Research Council to take 3-D and surround images from Buddhist sites tied to the maritime route from India to East Asia. More than three months of filming with camera crews in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Cambodia, and China resulting in a major collection of high density photographs, videos, and sound recordings.  These images were taken by Prof Jeffrey Shaw of Hong Kong and installed as museum exhibitions using 3-D and Virtual Reality that allow visitors to experience the art, architecture, and cultural features on the journey from the shores of India to China. This volume has now been produced by the Institute for the Study of Humanistic Buddhism at Fo Guang Shan to accompany the museum exhibits providing a description of the data used in filming and the research that helped create the story that is told about Maritime Buddhism.





















The Atlas of Maritime Silk Road Buddhism by Prof Lewis Lancaster contains a series of lectures he presented at the Department of Religious Studies for the University of the West in California.  These lectures give a description of the search for models that can deal with the study of how Buddhism spread from the Ganges Basin and established itself throughout the Southeast area of Eurasia.  In addition to the lectures, there are many images in the volume from the large museum exhibits that opened at the City University of Hong Kong and the Buddha Museum at Fo Guang Shan in Taiwan.  As part of the data collecting process, Prof Sarah Kenderdine from Lausanne, Switzerland secured a grant from the Australian Research Council to take 3-D and surround images from Buddhist sites tied to the maritime route from India to East Asia. More than three months of filming with camera crews in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Cambodia, and China resulting in a major collection of high density photographs, videos, and sound recordings.  These images were taken by Prof Jeffrey Shaw of Hong Kong and installed as museum exhibitions using 3-D and Virtual Reality that allow visitors to experience the art, architecture, and cultural features on the journey from the shores of India to China. This volume has now been produced by the Institute for the Study of Humanistic Buddhism at Fo Guang Shan to accompany the museum exhibits providing a description of the data used in filming and the research that helped create the story that is told about Maritime Buddhism.

The Atlas of Maritime Silk Road Buddhism by Prof Lewis Lancaster contains a series of lectures he presented at the Department of Religious Studies for the University of the West in California.  These lectures give a description of the search for models that can deal with the study of how Buddhism spread from the Ganges Basin and established itself throughout the Southeast area of Eurasia.  In addition to the lectures, there are many images in the volume from the large museum exhibits that opened at the City University of Hong Kong and the Buddha Museum at Fo Guang Shan in Taiwan.  As part of the data collecting process, Prof Sarah Kenderdine from Lausanne, Switzerland secured a grant from the Australian Research Council to take 3-D and surround images from Buddhist sites tied to the maritime route from India to East Asia. More than three months of filming with camera crews in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Cambodia, and China resulting in a major collection of high density photographs, videos, and sound recordings.  These images were taken by Prof Jeffrey Shaw of Hong Kong and installed as museum exhibitions using 3-D and Virtual Reality that allow visitors to experience the art, architecture, and cultural features on the journey from the shores of India to China. This volume has now been produced by the Institute for the Study of Humanistic Buddhism at Fo Guang Shan to accompany the museum exhibits providing a description of the data used in filming and the research that helped create the story that is told about Maritime Buddhism.

The Atlas of Maritime Silk Road Buddhism by Prof Lewis Lancaster contains a series of lectures he presented at the Department of Religious Studies for the University of the West in California.  These lectures give a description of the search for models that can deal with the study of how Buddhism spread from the Ganges Basin and established itself throughout the Southeast area of Eurasia.  In addition to the lectures, there are many images in the volume from the large museum exhibits that opened at the City University of Hong Kong and the Buddha Museum at Fo Guang Shan in Taiwan.  As part of the data collecting process, Prof Sarah Kenderdine from Lausanne, Switzerland secured a grant from the Australian Research Council to take 3-D and surround images from Buddhist sites tied to the maritime route from India to East Asia. More than three months of filming with camera crews in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Cambodia, and China resulting in a major collection of high density photographs, videos, and sound recordings.  These images were taken by Prof Jeffrey Shaw of Hong Kong and installed as museum exhibitions using 3-D and Virtual Reality that allow visitors to experience the art, architecture, and cultural features on the journey from the shores of India to China. This volume has now been produced by the Institute for the Study of Humanistic Buddhism at Fo Guang Shan to accompany the museum exhibits providing a description of the data used in filming and the research that helped create the story that is told about Maritime Buddhism.

The Atlas of Maritime Silk Road Buddhism by Prof Lewis Lancaster contains a series of lectures he presented at the Department of Religious Studies for the University of the West in California.  These lectures give a description of the search for models that can deal with the study of how Buddhism spread from the Ganges Basin and established itself throughout the Southeast area of Eurasia.  In addition to the lectures, there are many images in the volume from the large museum exhibits that opened at the City University of Hong Kong and the Buddha Museum at Fo Guang Shan in Taiwan.  As part of the data collecting process, Prof Sarah Kenderdine from Lausanne, Switzerland secured a grant from the Australian Research Council to take 3-D and surround images from Buddhist sites tied to the maritime route from India to East Asia. More than three months of filming with camera crews in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Cambodia, and China resulting in a major collection of high density photographs, videos, and sound recordings.  These images were taken by Prof Jeffrey Shaw of Hong Kong and installed as museum exhibitions using 3-D and Virtual Reality that allow visitors to experience the art, architecture, and cultural features on the journey from the shores of India to China. This volume has now been produced by the Institute for the Study of Humanistic Buddhism at Fo Guang Shan to accompany the museum exhibits providing a description of the data used in filming and the research that helped create the story that is told about Maritime Buddhism.

With the advent of digital technology, there are radical changes sweeping through disciplines that cannot be resisted. It is part of this shift that is described by the term “Computational Thinking”. It is defined as the scholarly strategy of thinking at multiple levels of abstraction with the added use of the capacity of the computer to count and analyze complexity. As an example of “Computational Thinking”, I have used the digitized Korean version of the Chinese Buddhist canon, to explore an important term 本覺. The expression is usually translated as “Original Enlightenment” and is a major doctrinal teaching in East Asia. The analytic computation of the canon is further enhanced by the metadata tag of time, the purported date of translation. Providing temporal aspects to the computation gives us invaluable ways of analysis that would not be possible without the dating. The computation provides a glimpse of the history of the occurrences.

... The Directors, Professors Robert Bellah and Thomas Smith, have during their tenures been supportive and helpful at every step, and Ms. Julia Cleland, the Administrative Assistant, always a willing ... 27. Cho Myong-gi, Koryo Taegak kuksa wa ch'ont'ae sasang (Seoul, 1964), pp. ...

Abstract. Events are a major core of research in the Humanities. However, the issues of access to materials, treatment, and representation of Events has been neglected. In order to bring this data regarding happenings into the digital technology, we must have a set of standards that cover all of the elements of an Event. The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative (ECAI) is attempting to make existing standards interoperable. This is being done by building a context, between place, time designations, and biographies, as the defining ...

Events are a major core of research in the Humanities. However, the
issues of access to materials, treatment, and representation of Events has been
neglected. In order to bring this data regarding happenings into the digital
technology, we must have a set of standards that cover all the elements of an
Event. The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative (ECAI) is attempting to make
existing standards interoperable. This is being done by building a context,
between place, time designations, and biographies, as the defining boundaries
for Event. The goal of this type of research is to use an Event-centric approach
as a way of conceptually organizing and accessing heterogeneous collections of
information.

The study of the spread of Buddhism using Geographic Information Science (GIS) mapping allows new methods for analyzing the cultural and commercial aspects that moved along routes and between seaports.  In particular, Edge Graph  approaches permit a granulated view of the complexity of such data.

This is the Ph.D. dissertation done in 1968 at the University of Wisconsin.  It represents work done nearly 50 years ago without the aid of a computer or even an electric typewriter.  The work attempts to show the changes in a Buddhist sutra over the centuries from the Sanskrit and Chinese witnesses.

Today, following our conference theme of social justice and sustainable world peace, we need to explore a host of questions about our place on the surface of the Earth and within the systems that allow our human life form to exist. How can we have either unless we can solve one of the most pressing problems of dealing with our world and whether we can sustain a growing population. This inquiry extends to both social ethics and spirituality. It is, therefore, an appropriate theme for Vesak, the celebration of the birth of a human on earth. When we explore the multi-faceted aspects of sustainability of the environment for any life that is born on this planet, the magnitude of its complexity gives us pause. Is it reasonable to ask Buddhists to assume a major role in such a matter? Should the task be given to governments alone? Some would say that sustainability is purely external and deals only with the material world of the basic elements that form our life support…air, food, shelter, community. What possible role, beyond saying some nice words, can make internal spiritual aspects of value in solving issues of pollution and habitat destruction? Before answering we need to define and understand the difficulties of what the world needs to supports a just society and lasting peace.

Today, following our conference theme of social justice and sustainable world peace, we need to explore a host of questions about our place on the surface of the Earth and within the systems that allow our human life form to exist. How can we have either unless we can solve one of the most pressing problems of dealing with our world and whether we can sustain a growing population. This inquiry extends to both social ethics and spirituality. It is, therefore, an appropriate theme for Vesak, the celebration of the birth of a human on earth. When we explore the multi-faceted aspects of sustainability of the environment for any life that is born on this planet, the magnitude of its complexity gives us pause. Is it reasonable to ask Buddhists to assume a major role in such a matter? Should the task be given to governments alone? Some would say that sustainability is purely external and deals only with the material world of the basic elements that form our life support…air, food, shelter, community. What possible role, beyond saying some nice words, can make internal spiritual aspects of value in solving issues of pollution and habitat destruction? Before answering we need to define and understand the difficulties of what the world needs to supports a just society and lasting peace.

A paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative (ECAI) at the University of Arizona, September 2022.  Having founded and served as Director of ECAI since 1997, I retired at this meeting.  The paper contains some of my thoughts in looking back at the digital era and a suggestion for the future of Humanities as a discipline.

The Atlas of Maritime Silk Road Buddhism by Prof Lewis Lancaster contains a series of lectures he presented at the Department of Religious Studies for the University of the West in California.  These lectures give a description of the search for models that can deal with the study of how Buddhism spread from the Ganges Basin and established itself throughout the Southeast area of Eurasia.  In addition to the lectures, there are many images in the volume from the large museum exhibits that opened at the City University of Hong Kong and the Buddha Museum at Fo Guang Shan in Taiwan.  As part of the data collecting process, Prof Sarah Kenderdine from Lausanne, Switzerland secured a grant from the Australian Research Council to take 3-D and surround images from Buddhist sites tied to the maritime route from India to East Asia. More than three months of filming with camera crews in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Cambodia, and China resulting in a major collection of high density photographs, videos, and sound recordings.  These images were taken by Prof Jeffrey Shaw of Hong Kong and installed as museum exhibitions using 3-D and Virtual Reality that allow visitors to experience the art, architecture, and cultural features on the journey from the shores of India to China. This volume has now been produced by the Institute for the Study of Humanistic Buddhism at Fo Guang Shan to accompany the museum exhibits providing a description of the data used in filming and the research that helped create the story that is told about Maritime Buddhism.





















The Atlas of Maritime Silk Road Buddhism by Prof Lewis Lancaster contains a series of lectures he presented at the Department of Religious Studies for the University of the West in California.  These lectures give a description of the search for models that can deal with the study of how Buddhism spread from the Ganges Basin and established itself throughout the Southeast area of Eurasia.  In addition to the lectures, there are many images in the volume from the large museum exhibits that opened at the City University of Hong Kong and the Buddha Museum at Fo Guang Shan in Taiwan.  As part of the data collecting process, Prof Sarah Kenderdine from Lausanne, Switzerland secured a grant from the Australian Research Council to take 3-D and surround images from Buddhist sites tied to the maritime route from India to East Asia. More than three months of filming with camera crews in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Cambodia, and China resulting in a major collection of high density photographs, videos, and sound recordings.  These images were taken by Prof Jeffrey Shaw of Hong Kong and installed as museum exhibitions using 3-D and Virtual Reality that allow visitors to experience the art, architecture, and cultural features on the journey from the shores of India to China. This volume has now been produced by the Institute for the Study of Humanistic Buddhism at Fo Guang Shan to accompany the museum exhibits providing a description of the data used in filming and the research that helped create the story that is told about Maritime Buddhism.














The Atlas of Maritime Silk Road Buddhism by Prof Lewis Lancaster contains a series of lectures he presented at the Department of Religious Studies for the University of the West in California.  These lectures give a description of the search for models that can deal with the study of how Buddhism spread from the Ganges Basin and established itself throughout the Southeast area of Eurasia.  In addition to the lectures, there are many images in the volume from the large museum exhibits that opened at the City University of Hong Kong and the Buddha Museum at Fo Guang Shan in Taiwan.  As part of the data collecting process, Prof Sarah Kenderdine from Lausanne, Switzerland secured a grant from the Australian Research Council to take 3-D and surround images from Buddhist sites tied to the maritime route from India to East Asia. More than three months of filming with camera crews in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Cambodia, and China resulting in a major collection of high density photographs, videos, and sound recordings.  These images were taken by Prof Jeffrey Shaw of Hong Kong and installed as museum exhibitions using 3-D and Virtual Reality that allow visitors to experience the art, architecture, and cultural features on the journey from the shores of India to China. This volume has now been produced by the Institute for the Study of Humanistic Buddhism at Fo Guang Shan to accompany the museum exhibits providing a description of the data used in filming and the research that helped create the story that is told about Maritime Buddhism.