Wi-Fi

An investigation is carried out into the design, modelling, construction and testing of a new, unique, bat bow-tie self grounded antenna. The purpose is to use it for the application of a dual band WiFi modem operating between the frequency ranges of 2.4-2.5Ghz and 5-6GHz. The antenna was a success and theoretically had a VSWR less than 2:1 and increased signal strength by 3db which corresponded to double the power. The existing model was analyzed and the results of the measurements and testing led to an upgraded MIMO model.

Internet of Things (IoT) is the inter-networking paradigm based on many processes such as identifying, sensing, networking and computation. An IoT technology stack provides seamless connectivity between various physical and virtual objects. The increasing number of IoT applications leads to the issue of transmitting, storing, and processing a large amount of data. Therefore, it is necessary to enable a system capable to handle the growing traffic requirements with the required level of QoS (Quality of Service). IoT devices become more complex due to the various components such as sensors and network interfaces. The IoT environment is often demanding for mobile power source, QoS, mobility, reliability, security, and other requirements. Therefore, new IoT technologies are required to overcome some of these issues. In recent years new wireless communication technologies are being developed to support the development of new IoT applications. This paper provides an overview of some of th...

Apart from voice services, data made its foray in cellular networks with 2.5G networks. Today, with 3G network already in place, the data requirements of mobile subscribers is very high. With the increasing demand for mobile internet and rich data services such as streaming media for audio and video, this data requirement is expected to multifold in near future.  Correspondingly the network operators have started looking for alternative means of satisfying these data needs. Among many alternatives, mobile data offloading (MDO) is the most promising one. This paper presents the extensive need,  benefits, and technological solutions for MDO. Qualitatively, it is also shown that Wi-Fi, or 802.11 network is the most
promising technology for MDO. Also, to further popularize Wi-Fi as a candidate network for MDO, IEEE published the enhancements to the base IEEE 802.11-2007 standard in the form of its ninth amendment (i.e. IEEE 802.11u). Restricting the scope to beacon frame only, we show how this amendment supports interworking of 802.11 network with external networks. We also show the benefit of 802.11u compatible
Wi-Fi, as a candidate network for MDO, by modelling the problem of taking user's choice for assisting any vertical handover decision algorithm.

The idea for the development of this study is to interconnect smart devices wireless communication systems and applying IOT technologies to smart building automation as introduced. Based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), this proposed prototype architecture can be integrated into the system through uniform interface with two technologies viz. ZigBee and Wi-Fi. In this paper the interfacing technology whichis used in between the sensors and server is ZigBee whereas Wi-Fi is used between client and server. WSN will provide a flexible management of sensing nodes according to the user requirement anywhere and anytime using android device in the smart building. Building Automation (IoT) By WSN

The usage of internet and requirement for data transmission is at tremendous demand. People are more dependent on the internet compared to previous decades. So with the increase in number of users, spectrum is becoming congested. Presently Wi-Fi technology is popular which runs on radio frequency waves having less bandwidth so, to have a larger bandwidth for greater data transfer rate Li-Fi has been introduced. Li-Fi uses visible light spectrum having bandwidth 10,000 times more than radio waves. Li-Fi requires continuous electric power for illumination to transfer data. Electrification is a major concern in rural areas. Uses of this Li-Fi technology with solar panel make it more efficient and easily available at every nook and corner. This paper deals with integration of Li-Fi with solar panel. Solar panel is used instead of photodiodes for demodulation of data. Solar panels consist of solar cells which works for both storing energy and converting that energy stored in electrical signal for illuminating LED lamps and to complete the successful working of life technology also solar panel have also become more efficient by placing the solar concentrator above them which will increase the output power of solar panel manifold.

Network technologies are traditionally based on wireline solutions. But the introduction of the IEEE 802.11 standards have made a huge impact on the market such that laptops, PCs, printers, cellphones, and VoIP phones, MP3 players in our homes, in offices and even in public areas have incorporated the wireless LAN technology. Wireless broadband technologies nowadays provide unlimited broadband access to users which were previously offered only to wireline users. In this paper, we review and summarize one of the emerging wireless broadband technology i.e. IEEE 802.11,which is a set of physical layer standard for implementing wireless local area network computer communication in the 2.4,3.6,5 and 60GHz frequency band. They fix technology issues or add functionality which is expected to be required by future applications. Though some of the earlier versions of these technologies are obsolete (such as HiperLAN) now but still we have included them in this review for the sake of completeness.

Three phase motor is part of many applications. These motors are widely used in industrial and agriculture area. Traditionally these are either controlled by user manually where protections are mostly not taken care or may be done using isolated unit. In industry, induction motors are used in hazardous area where human presence might be risky. " Motor protection and control unit by wireless media " unit don't require any special consideration while operating. Once user gives Command/instructions, by android application via Wi-Fi then unit automatically turns motor ON/OFF. This unit will have great application for industrial motor interface where maintenance operators need frequent access for motor status and control. Also the majority of Indian population is engaged in agriculture and lives in villages. The key issues faced by an average farmer with irrigation water pumps is water wastage, travelling long distances through difficult terrains just to operate the pumps, encountering snakes and other dangers creatures en-route erratic power supply, motor/starter damage and fuel. Thus, the Motor protection and control unit by wireless media provides a solution for these problems. New Wi-Fi technologies are coming with wider coverage, which can be used for agriculture application.

Abstact-Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) refers to the 5G Visible Light Communication systems using light-emitting diodes as a medium for high-speed communication in a similar manner as Wi-Fi. [5] As now a days where internet has become a major demand, people are in a search for Wi-Fi hotspots for their activities. Li-Fi is a better alternative to Wi-Fi in wireless communication as it is [1] bidirectional, high speed and fully networked wireless communications similar to Wi-Fi. It is a subset of visible light communication(VLC) and can be a complement to RF communication , or a replacement in contexts of data broadcasting. This paper proposes a survey on Li-Fi Technology. Li-Fi has more capacity in terms of bandwidth in visible region therefore it does not interfere in other communications which uses radio frequency range, without taking its frequency bands. It has thousand times greater speed than Wi-Fi.Such technology has brought not only greener but safer and cheaper future of communication.

Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) is a network security standard that is used to secure networks in home and office, introduced in 2006 by the Wi-Fi Alliance. It provides easier configuration setup and is used in almost all recent Wi-Fi devices. In this paper we propose two attacks on this standard. The first attack is an offline brute force attack that uses imbalance on registration protocol. This attack needs user action, but it is more efficient than previous attacks. The second attack uses weaknesses in the implementation of WPS and provides an improved evil twin attack. This attack shows that even by completely disabling the WPS on the routers, all vulnerabilities are not covered.

Internet of Things (IoT) is the inter-networking paradigm based on many processes such as identifying, sensing, networking and computation. An IoT technology stack provides seamless connectivity between various physical and virtual objects. The increasing number of IoT applications leads to the issue of transmitting, storing, and processing a large amount of data. Therefore, it is necessary to enable a system capable to handle the growing traffic requirements with the required level of QoS (Quality of Service). IoT devices become more complex due to the various components such as sensors and network interfaces. The IoT environment is often demanding for mobile power source, QoS, mobility, reliability, security, and other requirements. Therefore, new IoT technologies are required to overcome some of these issues. In recent years new wireless communication technologies are being developed to support the development of new IoT applications. This paper provides an overview of some of the most widely used wireless communication technologies used for IoT applications.

Abstract: The advanced development in wireless sensor networks can be used in monitoring various parameters in agriculture. Due to uneven natural distribution of rain water it is very difficult for farmers to monitor and control the distribution of water to agriculture field in the whole farm or as per the requirement of the crop. There is no ideal irrigation method for all weather conditions, soil structure and variety of crops cultures. Farmers suffer large financial losses because of wrong prediction of weather and incorrect irrigation methods. In this context, with the evolution of miniaturized sensor devices coupled with wireless technologies, it is possible remotely monitor parameters such as moisture, temperature and humidity. It develop and implement a wireless sensor network connected to a central node using Wi-Fi, which in turn is connected to a Central Monitoring Station (CMS) through General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) or Global System for Mobile (GSM) technologies. The system also obtains Global Positioning System (GPS) parameters related to the field and sends them to a central monitoring station. The sensor motes have several external sensors namely leaf wetness, soil moisture, soil pH, atmospheric pressure sensors attached to it. Based on the value of soil moisture sensor the mote triggers the water sprinkler during the period of water scarcity. Once the field is sprinkled with adequate water, the water sprinkler is switched off. Hereby water can be conserved. Also the value of soil pH sensor is sent to the base station and in turn base station intimates the farmer about the soil pH via SMS using GSM modem This system is expected to help farmers in evaluating soil conditions and act accordingly.
Keywords: Wi-Fi, Wireless Sensor Network, GPS, Base Station, CMS, Packet transferring, Mobile Communication [10]
Title: WIRELESS SENSOR BASED CROP MONITORING SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURE USING WI-FI NETWORK DISSERTATION
Author: Ms. A. Sivasankari, and Mrs. S. Gandhimathi
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research
ISSN 2348-120X (online), ISSN 2348-1196 (print)
Research Publish Journals

There is a great need by GSM and Wi-Fi users in and around the Engineering complex in Federal Polytechnic Ilaro for an optimization of signal reception. In the course of the little research and observations carried out, it was observed that signal reception at this point is ironic to its neighboring building (i.e. Engineering departmental blocks) as signal reception have been boosted in the aforementioned place, leaving the complex (especially, the block of offices and laboratories) a blind spot because the building is made up of reinforced concrete with solid metal framework. From the understanding of telecommunication signal propagation, it will be recalled that such high-rise buildings and metal or reinforced concrete creates a divergence to the travelling waves from the nearby transmitting antennas. This project is meant to solve the problem of poor or weak signal reception in the building by creating an uprising receiving antenna for the building which will transmit through a coaxial cable to a transmitting antenna situated in the middle of the building thereby working on the principle of a signal repeater.

With emerging networking technologies and micro electromechanical devices the world is full of opportunities to get connected and stay connected seamlessly. To facilitate this connectivity among every possible object in the world, Internet of things (IoT) has emerged. In this project we have made hardware consists of a Micro-Controller, Pulse Measurement Sensor, and Body Temperature Sensor, Wi-Fi module, LCD and some interfacing module. So basically this hardware will take reading from the sensors and after processing that it will show the readings/measurement on LCD as well as on a server which is online. The major thing in this project is that one can monitor the patient at anywhere in the world with the use of internet, the doctor keep the track of your health and measurement of heart rate, blood pressure, etc. In this way you always be in touch with the Doctor, no matter where you are. Then if something happen apparently the message goes to the doctor before it becomes the emergency situation and also if a patient is hospitalized then patients would also be allowed to leave hospitals and clinics earlier, as professionals are enabled to monitor them from home.

The aim of this paper is to assess the expectations of hotel guests in relation to the services offered by the hotel. For the purpose of this research, data on 6,768 hotels located in 47 capital cities in Europe were collected from the website www.booking.com. We have used all information available on the website regarding the hotels chosen on the basis of previously specified criteria, including ratings given by the registered users. The methods of partial correlation and hierarchical regression analysis were then conducted. Research results indicate that the number of stars is the most important factor that influences overall customer satisfaction in the hotel industry. We find that room price, the presence of air-conditioning in rooms, lobby bar, and free Wi-Fi are variables that positively correlate with customer satisfaction, whereas the number of rooms in hotel and distance from the city center are negatively correlated with customer satisfaction.

The traditional technique for testing water and soil quality is to accumulate their examples and send to the work to check and break down. This system is tediousand not conservative. The water quality estimating framework that we've got actual checks the character of water endlessly through appropriate sensors. In standard farming, development of the plants is used to continue and upgrade human life. the event in our country is greatly diminished owing to absence of intrigue, shortage of farming land and water and many agriculturists with their own advantage they need been doing the event at this. In any case, that to boot respects less creation owing to absence of attentiveness regarding the land waterlessness, no opportune chemical uses and affordable harvests for the land. The Wi-fi module exchanges data gathered by the sensors to the controller, and exchanges the data to the computer. This system continuously monitoring the contamination of the water assets, soil quality.

According to the research most of life threatens caused due to cardiac arrest, or variation in heart pulse and body temperature. Hence safety of human beings has become major concern in the world. The patient deaths are caused due to doctoror patient negligence, lack of treatment, improper monitoring of health condition etc. This problem can brought up to an end by continuous health monitoring of patient condition with help of sensors and comparing sensor values with threshold value. Then triggers the alert message to the user or doctor through Wi-Fi and Node MCU when values exceed the preset value and respective precaution will be taken by doctor to safeguard the patient lives.

In current days, various parameters and measurements in agricultural environments are required to be observed. Hence traditional strategy cannot attain the ideal control effect. This monitoring system is provided high quality and productivity of crops by using wireless sensor networks and web application. To obtain appropriate results there are important items which come into play like temperature, humidity, light intensity, soil moisture, wind speed and soil pH which are essential for precision agriculture. The proposed system has number of nodes and base station, while each node consists of microcontroller (ESP32) and number of sensors to collect data then sending them to a raspberry pi using Wi-Fi technology and MQTT protocol. In the last step, the events data record is uploaded into an online database program and then retrieved via internet using web application.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore the impact ofWi-Fi service on the millennial generation’s
loyalty to restaurants. Additionally, this study examines the impact of Wi-Fi service on three different types
of restaurants (coffee shops, fast-food restaurants and casual dining restaurants). Furthermore, this study
examines the similarities and differences that exist cross-culturally between Americans and Koreans.
Design/methodology/approach – A total number of 480 questionnaires were collected to empirically test
the study model. A factor analysis that used a principal components analysis with varimax rotation was
performed to condense the loyalty items into a few underlying constructs, and the Cronbach’s alpha was checked
to test for reliability.Amultiple regression analysis and t-test were performed to test the study hypotheses.
Findings – The results show thatWi-Fi service has a significant impact on millennials’ loyalty behavior on
all three types of restaurants in this study. However, the differences between Americans and Koreans on how
they perceive the Wi-Fi services turned out to be significant only for coffee shops.
Research limitations/implications – The authors used a non-probability convenience sampling method
for data collection. The findings cannot be generalized to other types of restaurants, such as fine dining and luxury
restaurants. Although the results indicate a positive relation between Wi-Fi usage and a customer’s loyalty, loyalty
is amultifaceted conceptwhere a variety of factors, such as frequency or convenience can have an impact.
Practical implications – The findings should encourage marketers in the restaurant industry to use
Wi-Fi as a value-added service for their customers.
Originality/value – There are limited studies on how significant Wi-Fi service is for the hospitality
industry, and in particular, for restaurants. This study builds on the scholarship of Cobanoglu et al. (2012) on
the value of the customer loyalty by providing new insights into customers’ views on Wi-Fi service in the
restaurant industry.

With the ever growing demand for electrical energy across the world, we, as electrical engineers, are put in a state of responsibility to conserve the energy as Energy Saved is Energy Generated. In today's world, power saving is very important and difficult. Though there are many power generation methods, it has become very difficult due to insufficient resources. So saving of power is the need for our society. For that this work consists of monitoring the home appliances system through Wi-Fi based communication and also through the sensors. And the sensors used in it are PIR sensor, Temperature sensor LM35, LDR (Light Dependent Resistor). Based on the sensor detection it works. Our current scenario primarily depends on electrical inspectors to frequently check the home applicants. It also unwanted work, even the system working well. It intimates and updates the problem in internet by using Wi-Fi. However, this system should enable the sensor network and real time status reports. In the proposed system, the current, voltage and the power are measured and monitored continuously by a processor and the values will be sent to the webpage by the WI-FI system. Each individual can be monitored their current status whether they are in ON state or in OFF state and the values also been shown in the web page by the WI-FI where with the help of the IP address we can monitor in browser anywhere and by the usage of the PIR sensor if any human interference is detected means it will sent the signal to the other two sensors and based on the light intensity and temperature the home appliance will turn ON and turn OFF. In this proposed method the wastage of the electrical energy can be consumed.

The design & growth of a smart monitoring controlling system for household electrical appliances in real time has
informed in this paper. The system principally monitors electrical parameters of household applications as voltage sensor,
current sensor & then calculates the power spent. The innovation of this system is implementation of controlling mechanism of
appliances in different ways. The system is a low-cost and flexible in operation and thus can save electricity expense of the
consumers thru progression of Automation technic; lifetime is receiving humbler & fast features. In today’s universal
Involuntary systems are chosen over physical system.

Citation/Export
MLA

Prof. Era Johri, Pradnya Bhangale, Vidhi Thaker, Sheetal Ghodke, Vrushali Shah, “Remote Controlled Home Automation Using Android Application via WiFi Connectivity”, March 15 Volume 3 Issue 3 , International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication (IJRITCC), ISSN: 2321-8169, PP: 1489 - 1492, DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.1503128
APA

Prof. Era Johri, Pradnya Bhangale, Vidhi Thaker, Sheetal Ghodke, Vrushali Shah, March 15 Volume 3 Issue 3, “Remote Controlled Home Automation Using Android Application via WiFi Connectivity”, International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication (IJRITCC), ISSN: 2321-8169, PP: 1489 - 1492, DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.1503128

Industry leaders are currently setting out standards for 5G networks projected for 2020 or even sooner. Future generation networks will be heterogeneous in nature as no single network type will be capable of optimally meeting all the rapid changes in customer demands. With the advent of multi-homed devices and heterogeneous network (HetNet) solution, great concerns arise in the processes involved for successful handover. Active calls that get dropped or cases of poor quality of service experienced by mobile users can be attributed to the phenomenon of delayed handover (HO) or an outright case of an unsuccessful handover procedure. This work compares multiple criteria handover basis to its traditional single relative signal strength (RSS) base counterpart. It analyses the performance of a fuzzy-based VHO algorithm scheme in a Wi-Fi, WiMAX, UMTS and LTE integrated network using OMNeT++ event simulator. The loose coupling network architecture is adopted and simulation results analysed ...

Abstract: In this paper, we will present the process to access the computers and handle them with the help of android mobile phones. As well as access the Android Mobile by using a Web Browser. This process is implemented by using a Socket and to access the android mobile “NANOHTTPD” is used. So to work on this, we must install server on our computer and also Android devices must also run the server and must connected with Wi-Fi/Hotspot network. In this the user can access & perform operation through the range of Wi-Fi platforms such as windows. There is event-handling function used in this so as to support clicking and using keyboard. Whereas to access android mobiles through your Web-browser the LAN connection is needed to be set up.
Keywords: Android, Java, Wi-Fi, Mobile Terminal.
Title: Remote Desktop Access through Android Mobiles and Android Mobiles Access through Web Browser,
Author: Karan Sandeep Bhandari, Vishnu Baliram Mandole, Akash Dattatray Munde, Sachin B. Takmare
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research
ISSN 2348-1196 (print), ISSN 2348-120X (online)
Research Publish Journals

Machine to Machine communication or M2M, refers to a model of communication where devices communicate directly with each other using the available wired or wireless channels. M2M is a new concept proposed under 3GPP(3 rd Generation Partnership Project); several research are working on providing solutions for M2M communication for the 5G networks. Challenges associated with M2M communication are the lack of standards, security, poor infrastructure, interoperability and diverse architecture. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism called TM2M5G (The Machine to Machine for 5G) based on SOFTNET platform which results in support of 5G heterogeneous network. In this paper, we propose the architecture for M2M communication based on SOFTNET and provide new features support like security algorithms for data transmission among devices and scheduling algorithm for seamless transmission of data packets over the network. Finallysimulation results ofthis algorithm based on a system level simulator, considering two different approaches for analyzing the parameters such as delay, throughput and bandwidth are presented.

5G technologies will change the way most high bandwidth users access their phones. With 5G pushed over a VOIP-enabled device, people will experience a level of call volume and data transmission never experienced before.5G technology is offering the services in Product Engineering, Documentation, supporting electronic transactions (e-Payments, transactions’ etc. As the customer becomes more and more aware of the mobile phone technology, he or she will look for a decent package all together, including all the advanced features a cellular phone can have. Hence the search for new technology is always the main motive of the leading cell phone giants to out innovate their competitors. The ultimate goal of 5G is to design a real wireless world that is free from obstacles of the earlier generations. This requires an integration of networks. This paper represents, introduction to 5G technologies, Key concepts of 5G, Features of 5G networks technology, applications, and wireless network architecture for 5G wireless technologies and last section conclude the paper.

The mass adoption of WiFi (IEEE 802.11) technology has increased numbers of devices simultaneously attempting to use high-bandwidth applications such as video streaming in a finite portion of the frequency spectrum. These increasing numbers can be seen in the deployment of highly-dense wireless environments in which performance can be affected due to the intensification of challenges such as co-channel interference (CCI). There are mechanisms in place to try to avoid sources of interference from non-WiFi devices. Still, CCI caused by legitimate WiFi traffic can be equally or even more disruptive, and also though some tools and protocols try to address CCI, these are no longer sufficient for this type of environment. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of transmit power and direction have on CCI in a high-density environment consisting of multiple access points (APs) and multiple clients. We suggest improvements on publicly- existing documented power control algorithms and techniques by proposing a cooperative approach consisting of the incorporation of feedback from the receiver to the transmitter to allow it to reduce power level where possible, which will minimize the range of CCI for near clients without compromising coverage for the most distant ones.

The traditional technique for testing water and soil quality is to accumulate their
examples and send to the work to check and break down. This system is tediousand not
conservative. The water quality estimating framework that we've got actual checks the
character of water endlessly through appropriate sensors. In standard farming,
development of the plants is used to continue and upgrade human life. the event in our
country is greatly diminished owing to absence of intrigue, shortage of farming land and
water and many agriculturists with their own advantage they need been doing the event
at this. In any case, that to boot respects less creation owing to absence of attentiveness
regarding the land waterlessness, no opportune chemical uses and affordable harvests
for the land. The Wi-fi module exchanges data gathered by the sensors to the controller,
and exchanges the data to the computer. This system continuously monitoring the
contamination of the water assets, soil quality.

Internet today will be highly integrated with many aspects of our daily needs making it a corner stone in modern life. This dependency increased the demand on having internet services with higher Bandwidth, higher Bit Rates and lower Congestion problems. As a result, more and more applications will be widely realized for Internet based in the future, either in custom or dedicated fashion. As a result, the Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology-that is considered in this paper-refers to the technology that can transfer data in a faster reliable way; utilizing Light Emitted Diode (LED) bulb which is the source of illumination. The method of communication is through transfer data pulses instead of radio frequencies signals, thus providing an economic advantage by eliminating the need for complex wireless networks.

The 4-way Wi-Fi handshake is used to negotiate fresh pairwise keys, and authenticates both the client and Access Point (AP). We analyze this handshake, and discover several new denial-of-service (DoS) attacks against it. Interestingly, our attacks work even if Management Frame Protection (MFP) is enabled. The first attack abuses the observation that messages in the 4-way handshake undergo link-layer encryption once the pairwise key is installed. More precisely, when message 4 of the handshake is dropped, the handshake times out. The second attack is similar to the second one, but induces the AP into sending the first message 4 with link-layer encryption. Again, this causes the handshake to time out. In the third attack, an adversary waits until the victim completes the 4-way handshake. Then she initiates a rekey by injecting a malformed 4-way handshake messages, causing several implementations to disconnect the client from the network. Finally, we propose countermeasures against our discovered attacks.

Exploiting vulnerabilities on multimedia devices
and implementations that are made for Small Office
Home Office (SOHO) environments induce new
risk trends. This happens due to usability and user
friendliness taking precedence over the security on
these implementations, but also due to market
expansion and propagation that introduces a vast
number of such devices to almost any SOHO
network. This paper aims to identify, explore and
analyse vulnerabilities and related attacks on such
environments, focusing on specific devices
manufactured by Sonos, as a proof-of-concept case
study. The applied research has been done in such a
way that can also be used for other SOHO devices.
Real tests and attacks have been applied, in order to
demonstrate and verify the proposed methodologies,
as well as to evaluate all related results and
findings. Finally, countermeasures and solutions for
the identified vulnerabilities are proposed and
evaluated.