Flow of Energy

A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN BIOLOGY FOR GRADE 8 STUDENTS
Jevin Jane C. Vergara

February 22, 2018
I. OBJECTIVES
CONTENT STANDARDS
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
 the one-way flow of energy and the cycling of materials in an ecosystem
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The learners should be able to:
 make a poster comparing food choices based on the trophic levels’
LEARNING COMPETENCY
 describe the transfer of energy through the trophic levels
S8LT-IVi-22
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
At the end of a 60-minute period, the Grade Eight learners will be able to:
 Differentiate food chain and food web
 Construct a food chain in a given ecosystem
 Appreciate the importance of food chain and food web
II. SUBJECT MATTER
FLOW OF ENERGY
A. References
 K-12 Curriculum Guide pp. 151
 Learner’s Module pp. 228-229
 Teacher’s Guide pp. 223
Materials
 Images, Laptop, speaker, marker, masking tape, visual aids
B. Ideas
 The flow of energy from one living thing to another living thing is called a “food web” or a “food
chain”.
 A food chain is a sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one
organism eats another.
 A food web is a network of food chains by which nutrients and energy are passed on from one
species of living organisms to another species.
 The food chain comprises of producers, consumers, and decomposers.
 Trophic level: The position of the organisms in a food chain.
 Plants are producers because they produce food.
 Plants make their own food through the process of Photosynthesis
 The species that eat plants are primary consumers.
 The species that eat the primary consumers are secondary consumers.
 Consumers are divided into three: Herbivore, Carnivore, and Omnivore.
 Animals that only eat plants and herbs are called herbivores.
 Animals that eat other animals are carnivores.
 Animals that eat both plants and animals are omnivores.
 Bacteria and fungi are decomposers.
 Decomposers decompose dead bodies and become nutrients that are used by the plants.
C. Process
Identifying, appreciating
D. Values
Teamwork, Unity
III. PROCEDURE
A. Preliminary Activities
1. Prayer
2. Greetings
3. Checking of the attendance
4. Collecting of assignments
III. PROCEDURE
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
A. Review of the past lesson
Biodiversity is the variety of animals and
plants found on this planet.
The diversity of species is not evenly
distributed throughout the planet because life
depends on many factors including
geography.
For example, tropical regions support more
life than in polar regions.
Plants, animals and climate work together to
maintain the balance of nature.
Biodiversity is important for sustaining life on
Earth because it prevents any one species
from throwing the balance of nature out of
order.
Biodiversity means maintaining the balance
of nature so that no one thing can become too
powerful and therefore become bad for
everyone else.
B. Motivation
Video: Food chain food web
C. Presentation of the topic
1. Introduce the topic
Our lesson for this afternoon is all about
“Protecting and Conserving Biodiversity”.
2. Present the Objective
Please read the objective for today’s lesson. At the end of a 60-minute period, the Grade Eight
Students will be able to:
1. Differentiate food chain and food web
2. Construct a food chain in a given ecosystem
3. Appreciate the importance of food chain and
food web
D. Relate the past lesson

After understanding Biodiversity, we will
proceed to the next topic which is about
Interactions.
E. Lesson proper
According to the video, what do you think is our Flow of Energy, ma’am.
topic for today?
Very good!
All organism need energy to sustain life. Every
activity that organisms do in ecosystem requires
energy. The flow of energy is the most important
factor that controls what kinds of organisms live
in an ecosystem.
Flow of Energy or Energy flow is one-way
process. Energy flows from the sun, to the
producers, and to the consumers.
Now class, here is a picture with each Trophic

Level on this pyramid that indicates the
organisms position in a sequence of Energy
Transfers.
Producers are the organisms that can make
Now, what are producers? their own food. Plants are producers. Plants make
their own food through the process of
Photosynthesis
Very good!
Plants get energy from the sun, carbon dioxide
and water through the process of photosynthesis.
What about consumers? Consumers are the organisms that feed on other
organisms to survive.
The species that eat plants are primary consumers.
They are known as herbivores.
While carnivores are the animals that eat other
animals.
The species that eat the primary consumers are
secondary consumers while the tertiary consumers
are the animals that eat the secondary consumers.
Very good! As you can see on the pyramid, the

energy is decreasing as the level increases. The
primary consumers get the highest energy since
they feed on the plants.
The flow of energy from one living thing to

another living thing is called a “food web” or a
“food chain”.
What is a food chain? A food chain is a sequence of organisms through

which nutrients and energy pass as one organism
eats another.
Now, I have here a diagram of a food chain.
(shows diagram)
Who can explain the diagram? Which animals are
the primary, secondary and tertiary consumers?
Food chain starts with the producers which are
plants.
The grasshopper which is a primary consumer
eats the plant.
The frog which is a secondary consumer eats the
grasshopper.
The snake eats the frog. Then the hawk eats the
snake.
The snake and hawk are tertiary consumers.
When the hawk dies, bacteria and fungi which are
decomposers feed on them. The dead body is
decomposed and becomes nutrient that is used by
Very good! the plants.
On the other hand, food web is much complex
that food chain.
What is a food web? A food web is a network of food chains by which
nutrients and energy are passed on from one
species of living organisms to another species.
I have here a diagram of food web.

Who can explain this to me? (a student will explain)
(calls a student)
We have the producers and consumers.

There are three categories of consumers which are
herbivores, carnivores, and omnivore.
Animals that only eat plants and herbs are called
Again, what are herbivores? herbivores.
Animals that eat other animals are carnivores.

What about carnivores?
Animals that eat both plants and animals are
omnivores.
How about omnivores?
Yes, ma’am.
Is it clear?
(Group Activity)
Let’s have a group activity. I will group you into

5. These groupings will be your permanent
grouping.
You are given set of organisms wherein you will
construct a food web of different ecosystem. You
will only put an arrow to which organism eats that
other organism. Choose 1 representative to come
here in front and get your materials. You are
given 5 minutes to finish this work. Place your
work on the board when you are done.
You will then be rated according to the rubrics
shown.
Criteria 3 2 1
Time The work The work The work
Limit was was was
finished finished finished
before the exactly on after the
given time the given given
time time
Particip All 1-2 3 or more
ation members members members
are are not are not
participatin participati participat
g ng ing
Content All 2-3 All
and answers are answers answers
presenta correct are are
tion incorrect incorrect
(Proceeds to their group)
(Assign workplace for each group)
Please work silently. You may now start. (Group reporting)
(Group reporting)
Choose a representative to present your work.
H. Generalization
How does energy flow from one living thing to another?
I. Application
What is the importance of food web and food chain to all living things?
IV. EVALUATION
Directions: In the word bank below, please identify which category they belong: Herbivores,
Omnivores, Carnivores
Word Bank
Sheep Humans Fox Hawk Frog
Horse Snakes Bear Monkey Lizard
Rabbit Crab Cheetah Panda Butterfly
Snail Tiger Jaguar Kingkong Tortoise
Herbivores Omnivores Carnivores
V. ASSIGNMENT
On your book on page 275, read about the article entitled “Monfort Bat Cave”. Answer table 2 on
page 276.

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A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN BIOLOGY FOR GRADE 8 STUDENTS

Jevin Jane C. Vergara

D. Relate the past lesson

Now class, here is a picture with each Trophic

Very good! As you can see on the pyramid, the

The flow of energy from one living thing to

What is a food chain? A food chain is a sequence of organisms through

I have here a diagram of food web.

We have the producers and consumers.

Animals that eat other animals are carnivores.

Let’s have a group activity. I will group you into

Herbivores Omnivores Carnivores

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