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    Adjective Meaning

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    Cicin
    This document discusses different types of relationships between adjectives and how they are used in language. It defines synonyms as words with equivalent meanings that can be substituted, and provides "mother, mom, mum" as an example. It also discusses antonyms as having opposite meanings, gradable adjectives that can be used to compare things, and how adjectives are used to modify and provide further description of nouns. Finally, it notes that some adjectives occur in larger sets with interesting interrelationships beyond just pairs.

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    Adjective Meaning

    Uploaded by

    Cicin
    128 views13 pages
    This document discusses different types of relationships between adjectives and how they are used in language. It defines synonyms as words with equivalent meanings that can be substituted, and provides "mother, mom, mum" as an example. It also discusses antonyms as having opposite meanings, gradable adjectives that can be used to compare things, and how adjectives are used to modify and provide further description of nouns. Finally, it notes that some adjectives occur in larger sets with interesting interrelationships beyond just pairs.

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    This document discusses different types of relationships between adjectives and how they are used in language. It defines synonyms as words with equivalent meanings that can be substituted, and provides "mother, mom, mum" as an example. It also discusses antonyms as having opposite meanings, gradable adjectives that can be used to compare things, and how adjectives are used to modify and provide further description of nouns. Finally, it notes that some adjectives occur in larger sets with interesting interrelationships beyond just pairs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    128 views13 pages

    Adjective Meaning

    Uploaded by

    Cicin
    This document discusses different types of relationships between adjectives and how they are used in language. It defines synonyms as words with equivalent meanings that can be substituted, and provides "mother, mom, mum" as an example. It also discusses antonyms as having opposite meanings, gradable adjectives that can be used to compare things, and how adjectives are used to modify and provide further description of nouns. Finally, it notes that some adjectives occur in larger sets with interesting interrelationships beyond just pairs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Adjective Meaning

    2.1 Using Language To Give The Meaning Of Words

    Using language to give the meaning of words is the system


    of words or signs that people use to express thoughts and
    feelings to each other.

    For example : little - small, not big, not much


    Small - little in size in size
    Big – large in size
    Much - large in quantity
    2.2 Sense relation relevant to adjectives

    Sense relation is a paradigmatic relation between


    words of predicates.

    Example : If it is true a particular person has arrived


    in Edinburgh, then it must be true that the person is
    in Edinburgh at the time and made a journey from
    somewhere else.
    2.2.1 Synomyny
    Synomyny is quivalence of sense. Example :
    mother, mom and mum.
    Sentences with the same meaning are called
    paraphrases.
    Example : - Andy is impudent.
    - Andy is cheeky.
    2.2.2 Complementaries
    Complementaries are defined in terms of a pattern.
    Example :
     Maude’s is the same as yours.
     Maude’s is different from yours.

    2.2.3 Anatonyms
    Anatonymy is defined by a pattern of entailments.
    The term anatonymy is sometimes employed to
    mean any kind of oppositeness.
    Example : - The street was noisy.
    - The street was silent.
    2.2.4 Converses
    Converses are the comparative forms of an
    anatonym pair have an interesting sense relation
    between them.
    Example : California is richer than some
    countries.
    Converseness is found not only between
    comparative adjectives but also in other word
    classes.
    Example : Parent of child of (nouns)
    Precedefollow (verbs)
    Above below (preposition)
    2.2.5 Four sense relations compared

    • Synonym : two-way entailment, by substitution


    • Complementaries : two-way entailment, affirmative to
    negative, negative to affirmative, by substitution & negation
    • Anatonyms : affrimative to negative, by do not yield
    paraphrases
    • Conrveses : teo-way entailment,by substitution and
    reordering of noun phrases
    2.2.6 Meaning postulates
    Meaning postulates were developed by the
    philosopher Rudolf Carnap (1891-1970) as a way
    of intergrating into logical systems the
    entailment information that comes from word
    meanings.
    Example : Rupert is a friend of mine
    and if he is a friend of mine then I am willing to
    lend him bicycle.
    Therefore I am willing to lend Rupert my bicycle.
    2.3 Construction with Adjectives
    2.3.1 Gradability
    Gradability is quality of being gradable (able to be
    used in the comparative or superlative or with word
    such as ‘very’ and ‘quite’).
    Example : Card is thicker than paper.
    Showers will be more frequent tomorrow

    He is the rudest person I’ve ever met.


    2.3.2 Adjectives Modifying nouns

    Adjective modifying nouns are often called


    “describing words” because they give us futher
    details about a noun, such as what it looks like, how
    many there are or which one it is.
    Example: - The old clock hung upon the wall.
    - A white horse galloped across the luch,
    green grass.
    2.3.3 Larger Sets than Pairs

    Largers set than pairs discussed that some


    adjectives with apparently interesting
    interrelationships in meaning occur in sets of more
    than two.
    Example : {black, purple, blue, brown, green, yellow,
    orange, red, pink, white, grey}

    {circular/round, triagular, rectangular}


    {previous, current, next}
    THAT’S ALL
    AND
    THANK YOU
    FOR YOUR
    ATTENTION

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