- Baltic archaeology, Pagan Studies, Viking Age Archaeology, Early Medieval Archaeology, History, Anthropology, and 175 moreCulture, Viking Studies, Medieval History, Medieval Studies, Early Medieval History, Landscape Archaeology, Viking Age Scandinavia, World-Systems Theory, Early Medieval Central Places, Settlement Patterns, Archaeological Method & Theory, Human Geography, Historical Geography, Central and Eastern Europe, Slavs pagan studies, Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Death and Burial (Archaeology), Funerary Archaeology, Sacred Spaces, Old Prussians, Baltic Sea Region Studies, Baltic Studies, Russian History, Russian Studies, Soviet History, Economic archaeology, Chiefdoms (Archaeology), Economic Anthropology, Historical Anthropology, Eastern European history, Old Rus', Byzantine History, Ethnicity and Identity in the Medieval Period, Gift Exchange, Tim Ingold, Cultural Landscapes, Ancient Topography (Archaeology), Environmental Archaeology, Ancient Maritime Trade Routes, Maritime Archaeology, Maritime Routes, Dromography (Historic Routes Research), Frontier Studies, Sacred Landscape (Archaeology), Historical Network Research, Purple dye production, Archaeology of salt, Ports and Harbours, Trade and Exchange in the Viking Age, Early Medieval Harbours, Medieval warm Period, Climate Change, Medieval roads, Archaeology of Roads, Ancient Roads, Teutonic Knights, Archaeology of the Avars, Viking diaspora, Immanuel Wallerstein, Plomb, Prehistoric salt production, History of salt, History of Toys and Play, Medieval Tavern, Taverns, Archaeology Of Casual And Non Sympotic Wine Consumption, Wczesne średniwoiecze, Walter Pohl, Barbarians societies, Late Antiquity, Ethnogenesis, Funerary World, Goths, Vandals, Sueves, Alans, archaeology of Balt tribes, Ancient saltworks, Boleslaw III the Wrymouth, Old Russian archaeology, Archaeology of Kiev, Kievan Rus', Archaeology, Historical Archaeology, Water, Hydrology, Medieval Archaeology, Rivers, Gnezdovo, Dnepr/Dnieper Water Way, Road to Byzantium, Vikings in the East, Languages and Linguistics, Hanse History, Medieval town, Central Places, Frontier History, Novgorod the Great, Staraja Ladoga, Border Theory, Anthropology of Borders, Borderlands Studies, Crannogs, Lake-Dwellings and Lacustrine Settlement, Crannogs, Harbour Archaeology, Viking Ships, Settlement Geography, Byzantine Studies, Ancient Roman economy, trade and commerce, Indo-European Studies, Khazar archaeology and history, Hanseatic League, Henry of Livonia, Political Economy in Chiefdom-Level Societies, Late Roman Amphorae, Byzantine Archaeology, Byzantine cities, castles, fortresses, Medieval Livonia, Liv (Livonian), Finnish archaeology, Estonian archaeology, Latvian Archaeology, Baltic Crusade, Medieval communication routes, Crusade Chronicles, Old Norse Religion, Livonian Rhymed Chronicle, History of Livonia, History of Estonia, Conflict Archaeology, Barbaricum, Early Iron Age, Late Iron Age, Roman period, Late Antiquity, typology, chronology, distribution, function, fibulae, weapons, tools, harness, metal vessels, writing equipment, balances and weights, small finds, Archaeology of Germanic tribes (Roman period), State Formation Process, Byzantine history and archaeology, Medieval Balkans, Byzantine historiography, Slavic Languages and Literatures, Early Slavs, Historija srednjovjekovne Bosne, Slavic Mythology, Slavic Paganism, Slavs and Balts Mythology and Folklore, Slavic Archaeology, Urban archaeology, Medieval Lithuania, processes of conversion, religion and society relationship, history of Great Duchy of Lithuania (XIV-XV), Der Deutsche Orden in Livland, Ancient Curonians, Old Norse Literature, Eurasian Nomads, Scandinavian Studies, East European studies, Viking Swords, Viking Age Weapons, Varangians, Old Russian Chronicles, Christianization of Lithuania, Conversions to christianity of European countries, relicts of ancient religion, Mieszko I, Pirates, Merchants (Medieval Studies), Foreigners (Medieval Studies), West Baltic Tribes prior to northern crusades, The military religious orders of the Middle Ages : the Hospitallers, the Templars, the Teutonic knights, and others, Teutonic Order, Arms and Armor Studies, Early Middle Ages (History), Ritual Practices, Viking Age Spearheads, International Relations, Anglo-Saxon Studies, Anglo-Norman history, Pomerania, Maritime History, Medieval urban history, Medieval Scandinavia, Social History, Archeology, Portages, Trade and travel in medieval Europe and the Mediterranean, Crusades, German colonization in Middle Ages, and Borders and Frontiersedit
- rejighrduifrgvvssedit
Research on the sacred dimension of settlement processes has quite a long tradition in Polish science. Settlement studies understood in a modern way should cover all spatial phenomena reflecting various categories of human activity in the... more
Research on the sacred dimension of settlement processes has quite a long tradition in
Polish science. Settlement studies understood in a modern way should cover all spatial phenomena reflecting various categories of human activity in the natural environment, which
are related primarily to settlement, economy, communication and the spiritual sphere. The
sacred aspect is more and more often included in the analyses of early medieval settlement,
which, moreover, agrees with the assumption of the complementarity of real and perceptual
space. The authors present the development of research on the early medieval sacred and
communication space, which is an important element of research carried out at the Institute
of Archaeology in Toruń. In the text, which is only an introduction to further research,
the need for extensive multithreaded research, combined with extensive theoretical and
terminological reflection, was highlighted. Thanks to this approach, it becomes possible to
understand the role and nature of space in the context of the cultures described.
Polish science. Settlement studies understood in a modern way should cover all spatial phenomena reflecting various categories of human activity in the natural environment, which
are related primarily to settlement, economy, communication and the spiritual sphere. The
sacred aspect is more and more often included in the analyses of early medieval settlement,
which, moreover, agrees with the assumption of the complementarity of real and perceptual
space. The authors present the development of research on the early medieval sacred and
communication space, which is an important element of research carried out at the Institute
of Archaeology in Toruń. In the text, which is only an introduction to further research,
the need for extensive multithreaded research, combined with extensive theoretical and
terminological reflection, was highlighted. Thanks to this approach, it becomes possible to
understand the role and nature of space in the context of the cultures described.
Research Interests:
Photo nr 3 was taken by Ryszard Kaźmierczak
It's a preliminary paper to more detailed study.
It's a preliminary paper to more detailed study.
Research Interests: Baltic Studies, Baltic Sea Region Studies, Pagan Studies, Archaeology of Ritual and Magic, Underwater Archaeology, and 15 moreArchaeology of Ritual, Ritual Studies, Saint Adalbert of Prague, Baltic archaeology, early Middle Ages, Spearheads, Medieval Livonia, Paganism and Christianism, Kievan Rus, Christian symbolism, Warrior Saints, Viking Age Spearheads, Pagan and Christian symbols, Peter of Dusburg, and Lancea sacra
Co-aothors: WOJCIECH CHUDZIAK, MARCIN WEINKAUF, EWELINA SIEMIANOWSKA, JACEK BOJARSKI, BARBARA KOWALEWSKA, JOANNA ABRAMÓW, DOROTA BIENIAS, DANIEL MAKOWIECKI ABSTRACT: Inns played a special role in the social and cultural sphere of early... more
Co-aothors: WOJCIECH CHUDZIAK, MARCIN WEINKAUF, EWELINA SIEMIANOWSKA, JACEK BOJARSKI, BARBARA KOWALEWSKA, JOANNA ABRAMÓW, DOROTA BIENIAS, DANIEL MAKOWIECKI
ABSTRACT:
Inns played a special role in the social and cultural sphere of early medieval Europe. They were one of the main elements of communications infrastructure of the time. Diplomatic sources from the Slav lands, dated back to the 13th and 14th centuries, most often described the inn with a Latin term taberna or a Slavic word korczma, presenting it as an already fully formed and organized institution. Among many references to inns from the area of Poland appearing in written sources, one refers in explicit terms to early medieval Chełmno (today village Kałdus). Among incidences of taxes for the Benedictine monastery in Mogilno appears the “ninth” (nona tax) with a fee from the inn in Chełmno, in the original: In Culmine nonum forum cum tabernario (KDW I, 3). In the course of systematic field excavations conducted in 2003 in the north-western part of the immediately adjacent to a fortified centre, ancillary settlement in Kałdus (site 2), in the highest part of the settlement, about 20-30 meters from the alleged gateway to the fortified part, a construction marked with number 172 was discovered, associated with the youngest stage of the settlement, i.e. the second half of the 12th and the first half of the 13th century. In the light of the results of the analysis taking into account the formal characteristics of the feature 172, the specificity of the set of movable objects found within the feature, historical and settlement context, the construction can be interpreted as remains of a supposed inn. The most important premises that justify this view include: a) location of the “In Culmine” settlement complex directly at the crossing over the Vistula River, at an important junction connecting the most important long-distance routes in the region; b) the location of the feature on a slight rise, directly at the communications route leading towards the crossing over the Vistula River, near the gate leading to the castellan fortified centre; c) a unique size of the building with reference to the whole ancillary settlement, allowing to perform many social, economic and political functions; d) specific post-and-plank construction with arcades, distinguishing the building from standard buildings of the settlement; e) concentration of economic and productive facilities related to the building, signifying that it was the centre of a large farmstead, within which activities related to services, exchange and various types of production were conducted (numerous merchant utensils, coins, artefacts connected with magic and entertainment, etc.); f) a set of archaeobotanical (corn) and archaeozoological (domestic and wild animals, fish) sources; g) the existence of an earlier, multiphase building (feature 240) in this place, indicating a “long tradition” of using of this point in space, which is consistent with the principle of long duration of communications infrastructure. The building interpreted as an inn should be considered a unique object with reference to constructions of western Slav lands. It would be the first discovery of an inn from Poland of so early chronology, certified by a number of sources data that may provide indicators to identify such objects. Locating it in the immediate vicinity of the fortified settlement, which combined administrative, political and religious functions, seems to be the most reasonable and logical. The fact is confirmed by the Mogilno forgery, in which the existence of the market and the inn is mentioned in explicit terms. Certainly, it is difficult to categorically combine the historical record about the inn with the remains of the discovered building. However, in light of the presented facts, it seems that such a conclusion is significantly probable.
ABSTRACT:
Inns played a special role in the social and cultural sphere of early medieval Europe. They were one of the main elements of communications infrastructure of the time. Diplomatic sources from the Slav lands, dated back to the 13th and 14th centuries, most often described the inn with a Latin term taberna or a Slavic word korczma, presenting it as an already fully formed and organized institution. Among many references to inns from the area of Poland appearing in written sources, one refers in explicit terms to early medieval Chełmno (today village Kałdus). Among incidences of taxes for the Benedictine monastery in Mogilno appears the “ninth” (nona tax) with a fee from the inn in Chełmno, in the original: In Culmine nonum forum cum tabernario (KDW I, 3). In the course of systematic field excavations conducted in 2003 in the north-western part of the immediately adjacent to a fortified centre, ancillary settlement in Kałdus (site 2), in the highest part of the settlement, about 20-30 meters from the alleged gateway to the fortified part, a construction marked with number 172 was discovered, associated with the youngest stage of the settlement, i.e. the second half of the 12th and the first half of the 13th century. In the light of the results of the analysis taking into account the formal characteristics of the feature 172, the specificity of the set of movable objects found within the feature, historical and settlement context, the construction can be interpreted as remains of a supposed inn. The most important premises that justify this view include: a) location of the “In Culmine” settlement complex directly at the crossing over the Vistula River, at an important junction connecting the most important long-distance routes in the region; b) the location of the feature on a slight rise, directly at the communications route leading towards the crossing over the Vistula River, near the gate leading to the castellan fortified centre; c) a unique size of the building with reference to the whole ancillary settlement, allowing to perform many social, economic and political functions; d) specific post-and-plank construction with arcades, distinguishing the building from standard buildings of the settlement; e) concentration of economic and productive facilities related to the building, signifying that it was the centre of a large farmstead, within which activities related to services, exchange and various types of production were conducted (numerous merchant utensils, coins, artefacts connected with magic and entertainment, etc.); f) a set of archaeobotanical (corn) and archaeozoological (domestic and wild animals, fish) sources; g) the existence of an earlier, multiphase building (feature 240) in this place, indicating a “long tradition” of using of this point in space, which is consistent with the principle of long duration of communications infrastructure. The building interpreted as an inn should be considered a unique object with reference to constructions of western Slav lands. It would be the first discovery of an inn from Poland of so early chronology, certified by a number of sources data that may provide indicators to identify such objects. Locating it in the immediate vicinity of the fortified settlement, which combined administrative, political and religious functions, seems to be the most reasonable and logical. The fact is confirmed by the Mogilno forgery, in which the existence of the market and the inn is mentioned in explicit terms. Certainly, it is difficult to categorically combine the historical record about the inn with the remains of the discovered building. However, in light of the presented facts, it seems that such a conclusion is significantly probable.
Research Interests: Human Geography, Medieval Studies, Settlement Patterns, Early Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval History, and 7 moreMedieval Archaeology, Archaeology of Buildings, Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Taverns, Archaeology Of Casual And Non Sympotic Wine Consumption, Archaeology, Historical Archaeology. Medieval Archaeology, Anthropology, Social Identities, Material Culture, Artefact Studies, Diaspora Studies, Trade and Exchange, Slavic Archaeology, and Medieval Tavern
According to a handful of researchers who have explored the problem of portages, they have been present in almost every time period and in almost every place, but the interest they have garnered is disproportionate to the role they used... more
According to a handful of researchers who have explored the problem of portages, they have been present in almost every time period and in almost every place, but the interest they have garnered is disproportionate to the role they used to play. Scarce source information on them is surely an important factor here, and a similar situation can be seen in the Polish historiography, which – due to the very poor source base (written records, place names) – is basically limited to two examples: the alleged Ślesin portage and the system of portages on the Polish-Ruthenian borderland. Meanwhile, as Andrew Sherratt argued, the portages were “a simple but powerful idea:” in a situation where rivers and reservoirs determined directions themselves, portages – comprising the landborne part of primarily waterway routes – offered a more “flexible” way of using these connections. Such a combination (both waterand land-based) type of communication is considered to be characteristic of the early stages of transport systems development, which has not always been recognised inthe literature, where the importance of water communication is particularly highlighted in the context of prehistoric and early historic societies. Portages stimulated settlement (contact points, break in transportation), and therefore, in the absence of other preconditions, settlement analysi including habitational, economic, spiritual and communicational spheres of human activity should be treated as the main identification factors of these communication amenities. Only the results of such an extensive research can indicate not only the locations of presumed portages, but also their local and supra-local significance. It seems that they are usually wrongly linked to long-distance routes. Recently conducted archaeological research and settlement studies based on them allow to suggest the presence of such communication solutions near several sites (Żółte, Parsęcko, West Pomeranian Voivodeship; Pawłówek, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship; Szestno, Warmian-Masurian Voivodship) which could be also localised on the frontiers of the so-called Baltic zone functioned from 9th to 11th century.
Research Interests: Historical Geography, Archaeological Method & Theory, Dromography (Historic Routes Research), Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Early Middle Ages (History), and 12 moreBorderlands Studies, Frontier Studies, Settlement archaeology, Baltic archaeology, Portages, Medieval roads, Russian and Slavonic Studies, Waterway transports, History of the Baltic Sea Region, Medieval Roads, Archaeology of Roads, and Ancient Roads, Long Distance Routes, and Break in transportation theory
Research Interests:
In der Vorgeschichte und im Mittelalter setzten Kommunikationssysteme das Bestehen von Siedlungsstrukturen voraus. Demzufolge sind jene als ein Element der Besiedlung zu definieren.Fur die Untersuchung von Kommunikationssystemen kommt der... more
In der Vorgeschichte und im Mittelalter setzten Kommunikationssysteme das Bestehen von Siedlungsstrukturen voraus. Demzufolge sind jene als ein Element der Besiedlung zu definieren.Fur die Untersuchung von Kommunikationssystemen kommt der Analyse und der Interpretation
archaologischer Quellen, die direkt und indirekt als Zeugen der kommunikativen Verbindungen erscheinen, eine grose Bedeutung zu. Im Rahmen des Projekts „Der Mensch im Grenzland ‒ interregionale Kommunikationssysteme und deren Infrastruktur im Nordosten des polnischen Tieflands im fruhen und hohen Mittelalter“ (Nr. 11H 12 0526 81) wurden am Institut fur Archaologie der Mikołaj-Kopernik-Universitat in Toruń in den letzten Jahren verschiedene Untersuchungen zu Kommunikationssystemen durchgefuhrt. Zu den archaologischen Fundplatzen Pommerns, die unter verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten untersucht wurden und in Bezug auf System und Struktur von Kommunikationslinien wichtige Ergebnisse lieferten, gehoren die drei Siedlungszentren von Kałdus und Pawłówek in Kujawien-Pommern sowie Żołte in Westpommern (Abb. 1, 2), die nicht nur als Handelsstationen, sondern auch als gateway cities zu interpretieren sind. Sie sind durch folgende Faktoren gekennzeichnet:
a) die Lage in Grenzgebieten als Einfall- und Ausfalltore in bzw. aus bestimmten Regionen -
Kałdus/Chełmno in das Kulmer Land (Ziemia Chełmińska), Pawłowko in die sog. Krajna im nordlichen Grospolen und sudlichen Kaschubien sowie Żołte in das Gebiet der Dramburger Seenplatte (Pojezierze Drawskie) und das Einzugsgebiet der oberen Rega;
b) die Lage in Kontaktzonen zwischen zwei gesellschaftlich und kulturell unterschiedlich
entwickelten Regionen, wobei sie Bindeglieder zwischen verschiedenen geographischen, politischen und wirtschaftlichen Raumen bildeten;
c) die Lage an Orten mit Schlusselfunktion fur den Fernhandelstransport (Knotenpunkte
und Umschlagplatze), von denen aus nicht nur der Gutertransport, sondern auch der Durchzug von Menschen kontrolliert werden konnte (gateway communities fur den Transport);
d) unabhangig von der Funktion einer gateway city die Funktion eines Verwaltungssitzes zur
Kontrolle des mit Transport und Austausch in Verbindung stehenden Wirtschaftssektors.
archaologischer Quellen, die direkt und indirekt als Zeugen der kommunikativen Verbindungen erscheinen, eine grose Bedeutung zu. Im Rahmen des Projekts „Der Mensch im Grenzland ‒ interregionale Kommunikationssysteme und deren Infrastruktur im Nordosten des polnischen Tieflands im fruhen und hohen Mittelalter“ (Nr. 11H 12 0526 81) wurden am Institut fur Archaologie der Mikołaj-Kopernik-Universitat in Toruń in den letzten Jahren verschiedene Untersuchungen zu Kommunikationssystemen durchgefuhrt. Zu den archaologischen Fundplatzen Pommerns, die unter verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten untersucht wurden und in Bezug auf System und Struktur von Kommunikationslinien wichtige Ergebnisse lieferten, gehoren die drei Siedlungszentren von Kałdus und Pawłówek in Kujawien-Pommern sowie Żołte in Westpommern (Abb. 1, 2), die nicht nur als Handelsstationen, sondern auch als gateway cities zu interpretieren sind. Sie sind durch folgende Faktoren gekennzeichnet:
a) die Lage in Grenzgebieten als Einfall- und Ausfalltore in bzw. aus bestimmten Regionen -
Kałdus/Chełmno in das Kulmer Land (Ziemia Chełmińska), Pawłowko in die sog. Krajna im nordlichen Grospolen und sudlichen Kaschubien sowie Żołte in das Gebiet der Dramburger Seenplatte (Pojezierze Drawskie) und das Einzugsgebiet der oberen Rega;
b) die Lage in Kontaktzonen zwischen zwei gesellschaftlich und kulturell unterschiedlich
entwickelten Regionen, wobei sie Bindeglieder zwischen verschiedenen geographischen, politischen und wirtschaftlichen Raumen bildeten;
c) die Lage an Orten mit Schlusselfunktion fur den Fernhandelstransport (Knotenpunkte
und Umschlagplatze), von denen aus nicht nur der Gutertransport, sondern auch der Durchzug von Menschen kontrolliert werden konnte (gateway communities fur den Transport);
d) unabhangig von der Funktion einer gateway city die Funktion eines Verwaltungssitzes zur
Kontrolle des mit Transport und Austausch in Verbindung stehenden Wirtschaftssektors.
Research Interests: Historical Geography, Historical Archaeology, Settlement Patterns, Baltic Sea Region Studies, Dromography (Historic Routes Research), and 11 moreEarly Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval History, Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Borders and Frontiers, Pomerania, Baltic archaeology, Portages, Borders and Borderlands, Historical road networks, Settlement Patterns and Systems, and Break in transportation theory
This paper looks at a very important issue of the incorporation of the Middle Pomerania into the Piast realm. It seeks to address the above research question mostly through the analysis of archaeological sources. The article is expanded... more
This paper looks at a very important issue of the incorporation of the Middle Pomerania into the Piast realm. It seeks to address the above research question mostly through the analysis of archaeological sources. The article is expanded to include the analysis of written sources, e.g., the writings of Ibrahim ibn Yaqub and John Canaparius. The studies on the issue are preceded by a broad presentation of the subject literature and an attempt to identify the key research problems regarding the history of Middle Pomerania until the mid-tenth century. The most important issues to address here include perhaps the territorial and stronghold structure as well as the communication infrastructure. These are closely related to the geographical characteristics of Middle Pomerania, which certainly did not facilitate the incorporation of the region into the structures of the emerging Piast realm.
Research Interests: Baltic Studies, Dromography (Historic Routes Research), Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Early Middle Ages (History), Borders and Frontiers, and 7 morePomerania, Piast Dynasty, Baltic archaeology, Crannogs, Trade and Exchange in the Viking Age, Early Medieval Central Places, and Early States and Cities
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Human Geography, Medieval Studies, Eurasian Nomads, Dromography (Historic Routes Research), Early Medieval Archaeology, and 8 moreEarly Medieval History, Archaeology of salt, Economic archaeology, Central and Eastern Europe, Ancient saltworks, Prehistoric salt production, Trade and Exchange in the Viking Age, and Wczesne średniwoiecze
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Historical Archaeology, Dromography (Historic Routes Research), Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Sacred Landscape (Archaeology), and 9 moreBorders and Frontiers, Pagan/Christian Relations in the Early Middle Ages, Pomerania, Piast Dynasty, Baltic archaeology, Trade and Exchange in the Viking Age, Crannogs, Lake-Dwellings and Lacustrine Settlement, Early Medieval Central Places, and Islands Archaeology
Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi historyków i archeologów na alternatywne lub komplementarne wobec „ośrodków centralnych” modele teoretyczne wypracowane na innych polach naukowych. „Ośrodki/miejsca centralne” są jak dotąd najczęściej... more
Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi historyków i archeologów na alternatywne lub komplementarne wobec „ośrodków centralnych” modele teoretyczne wypracowane na innych polach naukowych. „Ośrodki/miejsca centralne” są jak dotąd najczęściej używanymi przez badaczy przeszłości określeniami ośrodków miejskich zarówno przed jak i po kolonizacji, choć rzadko kiedy nawiązują oni do klasycznej teorii Waltera Christallera. Prezentowane modele, rzadko na ogół dotąd stosowane przez historyków i archeologów, pozwalają na inne ujęcie zagadnień związanych z historią miast.
The purpose of this article is to draw attention to several theoretical models that have been developed mainly by geographers but also by sociologists and which can be potentially very useful in the study of history of medieval urban centers. With reference to the both centers in the period before and after colonization it’s typically used to determine them as ‘central places’ but the mere use of the term by archaeologists and historians very rarely ties in the classical theory developed by Walter Christaller. The presented models are generally rarely ever used by historians and archaeologists, however they allow a different view of issues related to the history of cities.
The purpose of this article is to draw attention to several theoretical models that have been developed mainly by geographers but also by sociologists and which can be potentially very useful in the study of history of medieval urban centers. With reference to the both centers in the period before and after colonization it’s typically used to determine them as ‘central places’ but the mere use of the term by archaeologists and historians very rarely ties in the classical theory developed by Walter Christaller. The presented models are generally rarely ever used by historians and archaeologists, however they allow a different view of issues related to the history of cities.
Research Interests: Human Geography, Baltic Sea Region Studies, Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Medieval rural settlement, Early Middle Ages (History), and 26 moreFrontier Studies, Settlement archaeology, Central and Eastern Europe, World-Systems Analysis, Medieval Towns, Teutonic Knights, Baltic archaeology, Middle Ages, Centre-Periphery Relations, World-Systems Theory, Frontier Regions (borderland Studies), Hanseatic League, Teutonic Order, Hanse History, Central Place Theory, Trade and Exchange in the Viking Age, History of the Baltic Sea Region, Early Medieval Central Places, Wczesne średniowiecze, Gateway Cities, German colonization in Middle Ages, Break in transportation theory, Settlement Gates, Economic Gates, System Network Theory, and Long-distance routes
The sketch is an attempt of distinction of two terms basic for studies of early medieval communication. ‘Road’ and ‘route’ are used as synonims in both archaeological and historical literature, including English, German and Russian.... more
The sketch is an attempt of distinction of two terms basic for studies of early
medieval communication. ‘Road’ and ‘route’ are used as synonims in both archaeological
and historical literature, including English, German and Russian. According
to the author ‘road’ should be reserved for every local link no matter if it only had
ground character or if it was built. Whereas ‘route’ should be understood as a complementary
long-distance link consisting of water and land fragments. Such complementary
type of long-distance transport is regarded as common for traditional
societies, including early middle ages ones; land roads and routes were fi xed in the
beginning of 13th century with important social and economic changes in the Polish
area. Proposed distinction implies two-level method of research of communication:
fi rst is re/construction of local links (roads) based on settlement structures and
second is identifi cation interregional links (routes) amongst local ones.
medieval communication. ‘Road’ and ‘route’ are used as synonims in both archaeological
and historical literature, including English, German and Russian. According
to the author ‘road’ should be reserved for every local link no matter if it only had
ground character or if it was built. Whereas ‘route’ should be understood as a complementary
long-distance link consisting of water and land fragments. Such complementary
type of long-distance transport is regarded as common for traditional
societies, including early middle ages ones; land roads and routes were fi xed in the
beginning of 13th century with important social and economic changes in the Polish
area. Proposed distinction implies two-level method of research of communication:
fi rst is re/construction of local links (roads) based on settlement structures and
second is identifi cation interregional links (routes) amongst local ones.
Research Interests: Commercial Routes, Dromography (Historic Routes Research), Early Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval History, Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), and 8 moreArchaeological Methodology, Settlement archaeology, Archaeology of Roads, early Middle Ages, Medieval roads, Trade Routes, Medieval Roads, Archaeology of Roads, and Ancient Roads, and Long Distance Routes
Research Interests: Baltic Studies, Baltic Sea Region Studies, Early Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval History, Viking Studies, and 14 moreRivers, Viking Age Archaeology, Frontier History, Economic archaeology, Viking Age Scandinavia, Pomerania, Baltic archaeology, Slavic Archaeology, Archaeology Of The Migration Period And The Early Middle Ages, Baltic Sea, Crannogs, Lake-Dwellings and Lacustrine Settlement, History of the Baltic Sea Region, Early Medieval Central Places, and Baltic zone
Research Interests: Human Geography, Historical Geography, Eastern Europe, Settlement Patterns, Archaeological Method & Theory, and 16 moreDromography (Historic Routes Research), Early Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval Archaeology, Funerary Archaeology, Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Death and Burial (Archaeology), Central Asia, Sacred Landscape (Archaeology), Historical Network Research, Sacred Spaces, Old Prussians, Early Medieval Central Places, Medieval Roads, Archaeology of Roads, and Ancient Roads, Medieval Roads, Archaeology of Roads, and Ancient Roads, and Baltic Sea Region Studies, Baltic Studies
Research Interests: Human Geography, Settlement Patterns, Archaeological Method & Theory, Early Medieval Archaeology, Sacred Spaces, and 6 moreOld Prussians, Early Medieval Central Places, Medieval Roads, Archaeology of Roads, and Ancient Roads, Baltic Sea Region Studies, Baltic Studies, Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Death and Burial (Archaeology), and Dromography (Historic Routes Research), Historical Network Research
Research Interests: Human Geography, Historical Geography, Archaeology, Historical Archaeology, Medieval History, and 20 moreWater, Hydrology, Landscape Archaeology, Baltic Studies, Settlement Patterns, Archaeological Method & Theory, Cultural Landscapes, Baltic Sea Region Studies, Maritime Routes, Dromography (Historic Routes Research), Early Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval History, Medieval Archaeology, Rivers, Teutonic Knights, Baltic archaeology, Baltic Crusade, Medieval roads, Old Prussians, and Early Medieval Central Places
Research Interests:
Speech presented at Cherven' Towns - The Golden Apple of Polish Archaeology. Workshop No. 6. Rivers connect, Rivers divide. The River Network of East and East Central Europe and its significance during the Middle Ages. On the 1000 years'... more
Speech presented at Cherven' Towns - The Golden Apple of Polish Archaeology. Workshop No. 6. Rivers connect, Rivers divide. The River Network of East and East Central Europe and its significance during the Middle Ages. On the 1000 years' Anniversary of Bolesław the Brave's Victorrious Battle on the River Bug
Hrubieszów, 27 - 29. 06. 2018
Hrubieszów, 27 - 29. 06. 2018
Research Interests: Human Geography, Historical Geography, Dromography (Historic Routes Research), Early Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval History, and 23 moreEarly Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Early Middle Ages (History), Borderlands Studies, Frontier Studies, Central and Eastern Europe, Borders and Frontiers, Portages, Kievan Rus', Borders and Borderlands, Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement Archaeology, Central Place Theory, FRONTIERS, Historical road networks, Early Medieval Central Places, inland waterway history - European, Cherven Towns, Settlement Patterns and Systems, Wczesne średniowiecze, Gateway Cities, Break in transportation theory, Economic Gates, Long-distance routes, and Gateway Cities Theory
IX Międzynarodowa Sesja Naukowa Ludów Morza Bałtyckiego "Kobieta w dziejach" organizowana przez Instytut Historii Uniwersytetu Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 4-6 sierpnia 2017 r. Wolin
Research Interests: Baltic Sea Region Studies, Pagan Studies, Funerary Archaeology, Early Middle Ages (History), Pagan/Christian Relations in the Early Middle Ages, and 7 moreBaltic archaeology, Baltic Crusade, Christianization of Scandinavia, Medieval Livonia, Processes of Conversion (Christianization), Christianisation of Central and Eastern Europe in the Early Middle Ages, and Christianization in Medieval Europe, Superstition, Germany and Eastern Europe countries
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CO-AUTHORS: RYSZARD KAŹMIERCZAK, MARCIN WEINKAUF, WOJCIECH CHUDZIAK, JACEK BOJARSKI referat wygłoszony podczas międzynarodowej konferencji Współczesne metody badań wczesnośredniowiecznych grodów Europy Środkowo-Wschodnich zorganizowanej... more
CO-AUTHORS: RYSZARD KAŹMIERCZAK, MARCIN WEINKAUF, WOJCIECH CHUDZIAK, JACEK BOJARSKI
referat wygłoszony podczas międzynarodowej konferencji Współczesne metody badań wczesnośredniowiecznych grodów Europy Środkowo-Wschodnich zorganizowanej przez Instytut Archeologii i etnologii PAN we Wrocławiu, Wrocław 6-8 września 2016
referat wygłoszony podczas międzynarodowej konferencji Współczesne metody badań wczesnośredniowiecznych grodów Europy Środkowo-Wschodnich zorganizowanej przez Instytut Archeologii i etnologii PAN we Wrocławiu, Wrocław 6-8 września 2016
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współautor: Lech Kościelak
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80, 70, 40 – Trzy Jubileusze Archeologii Akademickiej w Toruniu, 7-8 października 2016
Research Interests: Human Geography, Settlement Patterns, Pagan Studies, Dromography (Historic Routes Research), Early Medieval Archaeology, and 11 moreEarly Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Sacred Spaces, Phenomenology of Sacred Space, Slavic Archaeology, Slavs pagan studies, Slavs and Balts Mythology and Folklore, Slavic Mythology, Central Place Theory, Early Medieval Central Places, Trade Routes, and Slavic mythology and ritual
Session HiE-1-05: Images of the ‘Other’ in the Societies of Medieval East-Central Europe I Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) and International Association for the Humanites (MAG) SUMMER CONVENTION:... more
Session HiE-1-05: Images of the ‘Other’ in the Societies of Medieval East-Central Europe I
Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) and International Association for the Humanites (MAG) SUMMER CONVENTION: 'Images of the Other';
Location: Ukrainian Catholic University Lviv, Ukraine June 26-28, 2016
Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) and International Association for the Humanites (MAG) SUMMER CONVENTION: 'Images of the Other';
Location: Ukrainian Catholic University Lviv, Ukraine June 26-28, 2016
Research Interests: Archaeological Method & Theory, Funerary Archaeology, Viking Age Archaeology, Archaeology of ethnicity, Death and Burial (Archaeology), and 6 moreEarly Middle Ages (History), Central and Eastern Europe, Archaeology Of The Migration Period And The Early Middle Ages, Ethnicity and Identity in the Medieval Period, Trade and Exchange in the Viking Age, and Ports of Trade
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Session 827 :
'Turning Point or Continuation?: Economy and Sacrum in 10th-11th Centuries in Central and Eastern Europe'
'Turning Point or Continuation?: Economy and Sacrum in 10th-11th Centuries in Central and Eastern Europe'
Research Interests: Baltic Sea Region Studies, Pagan Studies, Early Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval History, Economic archaeology, and 10 moreFrontier Studies, Sacred mountains, Central and Eastern Europe, Piast Dynasty, Sacred Spaces, Slavs pagan studies, Crannogs, Crannogs, Lake-Dwellings and Lacustrine Settlement, Early Medieval Central Places, and Early States and Cities
Research Interests: Dromography (Historic Routes Research), Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Early Middle Ages (History), Borders and Frontiers, Pomerania, and 8 morePiast Dynasty, Baltic archaeology, Trade and Exchange in the Viking Age, Crannogs, Lake-Dwellings and Lacustrine Settlement, FRONTIERS, Early Medieval Central Places, Islands Archaeology, and Early States and Cities
Research Interests: History, Anthropology, Archaeobotany, Baltic Studies, Archaeological Method & Theory, and 21 moreEastern European history, Cultural Landscapes, Culture, Dromography (Historic Routes Research), Medieval Archaeology, Rivers, History of Toys and Play, Taverns, Archaeology Of Casual And Non Sympotic Wine Consumption, Economic archaeology, Central and Eastern Europe, Baltic archaeology, Slavs, Medieval roads, Sacred Spaces, Slavs pagan studies, Archaezoology, Medieval Tavern, Wczesne średniwoiecze, Early Medieval Central Places, Sacred Landscapes, and Early Slavs
Research Interests: Baltic Studies, Archaeological Method & Theory, Baltic Sea Region Studies, Early Medieval Archaeology, Funerary Archaeology, and 6 moreViking Studies, Viking Age Archaeology, Death and Burial (Archaeology), Baltic archaeology, Ethnicity and Identity in the Medieval Period, and Trade and Exchange in the Viking Age
More extend version (with footnotes, illustrations) see: Sacred places in the research on early medieval roads and routes. The Prussian case, [in:] Sacred space in the state of the Teutonic Order in Prussia, ed. by Jarosław Wenta in... more
More extend version (with footnotes, illustrations) see: Sacred places in the research on early medieval roads and routes. The Prussian case, [in:] Sacred space in the state of the Teutonic Order in Prussia, ed. by Jarosław Wenta in cooperation with Magdalena Kopczyńska, Toruń. AVALAIBLE ON academia.edu :)