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Research Interests: Immunology, Biology, Virology, Medicine, Serology, and 15 morePopulation, Humans, Female, Male, Monoclonal Antibodies, Antibody, Immunoassay, Monoclonal Antibody, Sensitivity and Specificity, Epidemiologic Studies, Sexually Transmitted Disease, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Antigen, Herpes Simplex Virus, and Immunoblotting
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Research Interests: Biology, Virology, Immunohistochemistry, Medicine, Chiroptera, and 15 moreBiological Sciences, Hippocampus, Mice, Animals, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rabies, Experimental Infection, Reservoir Host, G protein, Clinical Signs, Nucleotides, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, frugivore, Lyssavirus, and Medical and Health Sciences
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Research Interests: Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, Developmental Biology, Climate Change, Computational Biology, and 15 moreBiotechnology, Cancer, Biology, Cell Cycle, Ecology, Drug Discovery, Astrophysics, Astronomy, DNA, Cercopithecus aethiops, Disease Outbreaks, Animals, Cell Signalling, Disease Outbreak, and Earth Science
Research Interests: Microbiology, Electron Microscopy, Biology, Lake Baikal, Medicine, and 15 moreCell Culture, Disease Outbreaks, Europe, Infectious Disease, Animals, Experimental Infection, Disease Outbreak, Canine Distemper Virus, Harbour Seal, Phoca, Clinical Signs, Outbreak, Morbillivirus, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, and Neutralizing antibodies
Research Interests: Microbiology, Electron Microscopy, Medical Microbiology, Biology, Virology, and 15 moreMedicine, Cell Culture, Dogs, Cell line, Animals, Affinity chromatography, Antibody, Monoclonal Antibody, Bovine Serum Albumin, Parvovirus, Hemagglutination, Antigen, Canine parvovirus, Infectivity, and Total protein
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The nucleoprotein genes of influenza virus A/Netherlands/018/94 (H3N2) and influenza virus B/Harbin/7/94 were cloned into the bacterial expression vector pMalC to yield highly purified recombinant influenza virus A and B nucleoproteins.... more
The nucleoprotein genes of influenza virus A/Netherlands/018/94 (H3N2) and influenza virus B/Harbin/7/94 were cloned into the bacterial expression vector pMalC to yield highly purified recombinant influenza virus A and B nucleoproteins. With these recombinant influenza nucleoproteins, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for the detection of influenza virus A- and B-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG serum antibodies. Serum samples were collected at consecutive time points after the onset of clinical symptoms from patients with confirmed influenza virus A or B infections. Nucleoprotein-specific IgA antibodies were detected in 41.2% of influenza virus A-infected patients and in 66.7% of influenza virus B-infected patients on day 6 after the onset of clinical symptoms. In serum samples taken on day 21 (influenza virus A-infected patients) or day 28 (influenza virus B-infected patients), nucleoprotein-specific IgA antibodies could be detected in 58.8 and 58.3...
Research Interests: Biology, Medicine, Influenza virus, Clinical Microbiology, Biological Sciences, and 15 moreHumans, Animals, Clinical, Antibody, influenza A virus, Rabbits, Ferrets, Recombinant Protein, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin A, Nucleoprotein, Orthomyxoviridae, Hemagglutination assay, and Medical and Health Sciences
Research Interests: Adolescent, Democratic Republic of Congo, Medicine, Dengue Virus, Antibodies, and 15 moreDisease Outbreaks, Humans, Child, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Male, Disease Outbreak, Adult, Outbreak, Abdominal Pain, Democratic Republic of the Congo, immunoglobulin G, acute phase, immunoglobulin M, and Medical and Health Sciences
Research Interests: Epidemiology, Virology, Infectious Diseases, Medicine, Humans, and 11 moreAnimals, Male, Ne, Netherlands, Rats, Adult, Bunyaviridae, Muridae, Hantavirus, HFRS, and Hantavirus infection
Research Interests: Biology, Virology, Medicine, Biological Sciences, Virus, and 15 moreAnimals, Vaccine, Vaccination, Pinnipedia, Body Temperature, Phoca Vitulina, Canine Distemper Virus, Harbour Seal, Phoca, Clinical Signs, Morbillivirus, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Neutralizing antibodies, Distemper, and Medical and Health Sciences
To investigate the proportion of viral respiratory tract infections among acute undifferentiated fevers (AUFs) at primary health facilities in southern Vietnam during 2001-2005, patients with AUF not caused by malaria were enrolled at... more
To investigate the proportion of viral respiratory tract infections among acute undifferentiated fevers (AUFs) at primary health facilities in southern Vietnam during 2001-2005, patients with AUF not caused by malaria were enrolled at twelve primary health facilities and a clinic for malaria control program. Serum was collected on first presentation (t0) and after 3 weeks (t3) for serology. After exclusion of acute dengue infection, acute and convalescent serum samples from 606 patients were using enzyme-linked immunoassays to detect IgA, as well as IgM and IgG antibodies against common respiratory viruses. Paired sera showed the following infections: human parainfluenza virus (HPIV, 4.7%), influenza B virus (FLUBV, 2.2%), influenza A virus (FLUAV, 1.9%) and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV, 0.6%). There was no association between type of infection and age, sex or seasonality; some inter-annual differences were observed for influenza. Antibody prevalence, indicative of previo...
Research Interests: Immunology, Malaria, Medicine, Seasonality, Humans, and 15 moreDengue fever, Differential Diagnosis, Human Respiratory syncytial virus, Antibody, Fever, Public health systems and services research, Respiratory Tract Infections, influenza A virus, Chi Square Distribution, Respiratory Tract Infection, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, immunoglobulin G, Acute Disease, Immunoglobulin A, and immunoglobulin M
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Research Interests: Epidemiology, East Africa, Medicine, Sudan, Measles Virus, and 14 moreBiological Sciences, Prospective studies, Humans, Developing Country, Infant, Vaccine, Vaccination, Newborn Infant, Political Instability, Prospective Study, Measles, Cohort Studies, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and Medical and Health Sciences
Research Interests: Adolescent, Medicine, Leishmaniasis, Humans, Child, and 15 moreFemale, Animals, Male, Bone marrow, Middle Aged, Adult, Public health systems and services research, Protozoan Proteins, Recombinant Proteins, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, immunoglobulin G, Lymph nodes, Child preschool, immunoglobulin M, and Leishmania donovani
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Research Interests: Immunology, Biology, Infectious Diseases, Adolescent, Medicine, and 13 moreBiological Sciences, Humans, Young Adult, Peptides, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Infectious, Middle Aged, Adult, Respiratory Tract Infections, Recombinant Proteins, Epitopes, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Industry, and Medical and Health Sciences
As measles control and elimination campaigns progress, laboratory confirmation of clinically diagnosed measles cases becomes increasingly important. However, in many tropical countries collection and storage of clinical specimens for this... more
As measles control and elimination campaigns progress, laboratory confirmation of clinically diagnosed measles cases becomes increasingly important. However, in many tropical countries collection and storage of clinical specimens for this purpose are logistically complicated. In this study it is shown that blood samples spotted on filter paper are suitable for the laboratory diagnosis of measles using a combination of reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) analysis and immunoglobulin M (IgM) detection. First, it was shown that in vitro measles virus (MV)-infected cells diluted in human blood and spotted on filter paper can be detected by RT-PCR. Small amounts of infected cells remained detectable after 25 weeks of storage of the filter paper at room temperature, 4 weeks at 37°C, or 2 weeks at 45°C. Subsequently, this RT-PCR was applied to filter paper blood samples collected from 117 clinically diagnosed measles patients in Sudan in 1997 and 1998. Prior laboratory diagnosis had confirme...
Research Interests: Civil War, Biology, Filtration, Measles Virus, Clinical Microbiology, and 15 moreBiological Sciences, Antibodies, Cell line, Humans, Developing Country, Clinical, Blood sampling, Infant, Antibody, Epidemiologic Studies, LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS, Measles, immunoglobulin M, Blood Specimen Collection, and Medical and Health Sciences
The kinetics of dengue virus (DEN)-specific serum immunoglobulin classes (immunoglobulin M [IgM] and IgA) and subclasses (IgG1 to IgG4) were studied in patients suffering from dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue... more
The kinetics of dengue virus (DEN)-specific serum immunoglobulin classes (immunoglobulin M [IgM] and IgA) and subclasses (IgG1 to IgG4) were studied in patients suffering from dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Serum samples from non-DEN febrile patients were included as controls. IgM, IgG1, and IgG3 serum antibodies were the predominant immunoglobulins throughout the course of illness in all three patient groups. In contrast, IgA antibodies were significantly higher in the acute phase in DSS patients compared to those in DF patients ( P < 0.05). The levels of IgG1 differed significantly between patients with DF and those with DHF and DSS ( P < 0.05). A significant difference was also found in IgG3 levels between DF patients and DHF patients ( P < 0.05) but not between DF patients and DSS patients. Finally, levels of IgG4 antibodies differed significantly between DF patients and DSS patients ( P < 0.05). Collectively, thes...
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Somalia has suffered from a civil war during the last 10 years. In this period the use of whole blood has increased at least twofold in Mogadishu, Somalia compared with pre-war. Screening possibilities are limited. Recent data concerning... more
Somalia has suffered from a civil war during the last 10 years. In this period the use of whole blood has increased at least twofold in Mogadishu, Somalia compared with pre-war. Screening possibilities are limited. Recent data concerning the prevalence of infections with blood-borne and sexually transmitted agents are not available from this country. To investigate the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1/2) and other blood-borne or sexually transmitted agents we tested a total of 256 serum samples collected in the summer of 1995 from blood donors, hospitalized children and adults in Mogadishu. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) carrier rate was 19·1%, 5·6% and 21·3% among blood donors, hospitalized children and hospitalized adults, respectively. However, no children under 2 years of age were HbsAg positive. The overall presence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) was 2·4% (6/256). In blood donors this was 0·6% (1/157). In none of the samples tested, antibodi...
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SummaryA serological survey for the prevalence of hantavirus infections in The Netherlands was carried out on > 10000 sera, from selected human populations, and different feral and domestic animal species. Hantavirus-specific... more
SummaryA serological survey for the prevalence of hantavirus infections in The Netherlands was carried out on > 10000 sera, from selected human populations, and different feral and domestic animal species. Hantavirus-specific antibodies were found in about 1% of patients suspected of acute leptospirosis, 10% of patients with acute nephropathia, and in less than 0·1% haemodialysis and renal transplant patients. Among individuals with a suspected occupational risk, 6% of animal trappers, 4% of forestry workers, 2% of laboratory workers and 0·4% of farmers were seropositive. The majority of the seropositive individuals lived in rural and forested areas. The main animal reservoir of the infection was shown to be the red bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings seen in serologically confirmed human cases were similar to those associated with nephropathia epidemica.
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The performance of six commercially available immunoassay systems for the detection of dengue virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies in serum was evaluated. These included two IgM and IgG enzyme immunoassays (EIA) from... more
The performance of six commercially available immunoassay systems for the detection of dengue virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies in serum was evaluated. These included two IgM and IgG enzyme immunoassays (EIA) from MRL Laboratories and PanBio, a rapid immunochromatographic test (RIT) from PanBio, immunofluorescence assays (IFA) from Progen, a dot blot assay from Genelabs, and a dipstick EIA from Integrated Diagnostics (INDX). For this study a panel of 132 serum samples, including 90 serum samples from patients with suspected dengue virus infection and 42 serum samples from patients with other viral infections, was used. In addition, serial serum samples from two monkeys experimentally immunized and challenged with dengue virus type 2 were used. Results were considered conclusive when concordant results were obtained with four of the six antibody-specific assays. Based on this definition, the calculated overall agreement for the human serum samples for the respe...
Research Interests: Immunology, Kinetics, Biology, Comparative Study, Medicine, and 15 moreDengue Virus, Dengue fever, Animals, Immunization, Dengue, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Antibody, Immunoassay, Human Serum, Macaca fascicularis, Sensitivity and Specificity, immunoglobulin G, Immunoblotting, Enzyme Immunoassay, and immunoglobulin M
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Research Interests: Archives, Biology, Innate immunity, Baltic States, Female, and 15 moreAnimals, Cytomegalovirus, Fishes, Herring, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, Immune system, Group, Immune function, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Harbour Seal, Food Chain, Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Host resistance, Antibody Response, and Hypersensitivity Delayed
The reproducibilty of dengue IgM and IgG ELISA was studied in serum and filter paper blood spots from Vietnamese febrile patients. 781 pairs of acute (t0) and convalescent sera, obtained after three weeks (t3) and 161 corresponding pairs... more
The reproducibilty of dengue IgM and IgG ELISA was studied in serum and filter paper blood spots from Vietnamese febrile patients. 781 pairs of acute (t0) and convalescent sera, obtained after three weeks (t3) and 161 corresponding pairs of filter paper blood spots were tested with ELISA for dengue IgG and IgM. 74 serum pairs were tested again in another laboratory with similar methods, after a mean of 252 days. Cases were classified as no dengue (10 %), past dengue (55%) acute primary (7%) or secondary (28%) dengue. Significant differences between the two…
Research Interests: Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Vietnam, Medicine, Dengue Virus, and 15 moreHumans, Dengue fever, Air Conditioning, Dengue, IT Value, Clinical Sciences, Antibody, Immunoassay, Reproducibility of Results, Cross sectional Study, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, immunoglobulin G, Paper, acute phase, and immunoglobulin M
Research Interests: Zoology, Biology, Medicine, Spleen, Herpes Simplex, and 8 moreLiver, Female, Animals, Lung, Juvenile, Veterinary Sciences, Zoo animals, and Fatal outcome
To investigate which recent infection could have caused the present dengue-like symptoms, in adult patients clinically fulfilling the WHO criteria for dengue, in which serologically were not confirmed for dengue virus infections.... more
To investigate which recent infection could have caused the present dengue-like symptoms, in adult patients clinically fulfilling the WHO criteria for dengue, in which serologically were not confirmed for dengue virus infections. Prospective study. During an outbreak of dengue (between May 1995 and May 1996) 118 consecutive adults (>13 years) suspected by the WHO 1997 case definition of DF or DHF were investigated. Patients were examined for history of illness, physical and laboratory findings consisting of full blood counts, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), liver function (bilirubin, ASAT, ALAT), renal function (creatinine), and serological assays included dengue, hantavirus, chikungunya, R. typhi, R. tsutsugamuchi, rubella virus, influenza A virus, and leptospira. In 58 of the total 118 patients, recent dengue virus infection was serologically confirmed. In 20 of the remaining 60 patients, we found serological evidence of another recent infec...
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Serum samples from 102 veterinarians and 191 pig farmers from the southern part of the Netherlands were investigated for antibodies against Brucella abortus, Leptospira spp, Streptococcus suis serotype II, Hantavirus (HV), and lymphocytic... more
Serum samples from 102 veterinarians and 191 pig farmers from the southern part of the Netherlands were investigated for antibodies against Brucella abortus, Leptospira spp, Streptococcus suis serotype II, Hantavirus (HV), and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). All samples were collected in 1993 and stored until this study was performed. The prevalence of antibodies against B.abortus in veterinarians (4.5%) was significantly higher (P = 0.01) than in pig farmers (0%). None of the veterinarians (0%) and only one pig farmer (0.5%) had antibodies against Leptospira spp. Furthermore, significantly (P = 0.015) more veterinarians (6%) than pig farmers (1%) had antibody titres against muramidase-released protein (MRP),a protein of pathogenic S. suis serotype II strains. None of the veterinarians and a total of 3 (1.6%) pig farmers had antibody titres against HV. The prevalence of antibodies against LCMV tended to be higher in pig farmers (2.6%) than in veterinarians (0%) (P = 0.10). It can be concluded that the prevalence of antibodies against the investigated zoonotic agents in veterinarians and pig farmers is low.
Research Interests: Veterinary Medicine, Biology, Agriculture, Bovine Brucellosis Epidemiology, Medicine, and 15 moreHumans, Animals, Netherlands, Leptospirosis, Cattle, Prevalence, Leptospira, Occupational Exposure, Swine, Streptococcus suis, Veterinary Sciences, Hantavirus, Swine Diseases, Brucella abortus, and Streptococcal infections
Flavivirus infections are a significant public health problem, since several members of the Flaviviridae family are highly pathogenic to humans. Accurate diagnosis and differentiation of the infecting virus is important, especially in... more
Flavivirus infections are a significant public health problem, since several members of the Flaviviridae family are highly pathogenic to humans. Accurate diagnosis and differentiation of the infecting virus is important, especially in areas where many flaviviruses are circulating. In this study we evaluated a newly developed commercially available immunofluorescence assay (IFA) (INDX, Baltimore, MD, USA) for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. IFA was compared with standard diagnostic enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) specific for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against these viruses. Forty-seven serum samples from patients with a defined flavivirus infection were tested. As controls, serum samples from individuals with antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus and hepatitis C virus as well as healthy individuals were included. The results obtained from this study indicate that IFA showed a significantly better discrimination for flavivirus specific IgM antibodies than did the standard IgM specific EIAs (the overall cross-reactivity varied between 4 and 10% by IFA and 30-44% by EIA for the respective viruses). In contrast, the detection of flavivirus specific IgG antibodies showed high cross-reactions in both IFA and EIAs (overall cross-reactivity 16-71 and 62-84%, respectively). This study clearly stated the complexity of flavivirus diagnosis, showing that one cannot rely on one assay or search for one virus only. The flavivirus IFA is a useful tool for the identification of flavivirus infections during the acute stage of disease. In particular, IFA can be an important diagnostic tool for testing samples from travellers who have been accidentally exposed to these viruses.
Research Interests: Immunology, Medical Microbiology, Biology, Dengue Virus, Humans, and 15 moreDengue fever, Hepatitis C Virus, Japanese encephalitis, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Antibody, Immunoassay, Flavivirus, Encephalitis, Japanese Encephalitis Virus, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flaviviridae, immunoglobulin G, Enzyme Immunoassay, immunoglobulin M, and Diagnostic Tool
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Research Interests: Biology, Virology, Human, Biological Sciences, Humans, and 15 moreMice, Animals, Rabies, Glycoproteins, Amino Acids, Rabies Vaccines, B Lymphocytes, Monoclonal Antibody, Amino Acid Sequence, Rabies Virus, Epitopes, Neutralization, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Molecular Sequence Data, and Medical and Health Sciences
Research Interests: Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Biology, Virology, Medicine, and 14 moreQuality Control, Dengue Virus, Clinical Virology, Quality Assurance, Humans, Clinical, External Quality Assessment, Dengue, Clinical Sciences, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, immunoglobulin G, Immunoblotting, immunoglobulin M, and Tick-borne encephalitis
Accurate and timely diagnosis of dengue virus (DEN) infections is essential for the differential diagnosis of patients with febrile illness and hemorrhagic fever. In the present study, the diagnostic value of a newly developed... more
Accurate and timely diagnosis of dengue virus (DEN) infections is essential for the differential diagnosis of patients with febrile illness and hemorrhagic fever. In the present study, the diagnostic value of a newly developed immune-complex dissociated nonstructural-1 (NS-1) antigen dot blot immunoassay (DBI) was compared to a commercially available DEN antigen detection kit (denKEY Blue kit; Globio Co., Beverly, Mass.) and a reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) kit. Serial serum or plasma samples ( n = 181) obtained from 55 acute DEN-infected patients were used. In samples obtained from 32 of these 55 DEN-infected patients, viral RNA could be detected by RT-PCR. DEN antigen was detected in only 10 of these 55 patient samples by using the denKEY kit. When these samples were treated with acid to release the immune-complex-associated NS-1 antigen for detection by DBI, 43 of these 55 patients were found to be positive for DEN NS-1 antigen. In nondissociated samples, 22 of these patients...
Research Interests: Biology, Medicine, Dengue Virus, Clinical Microbiology, Biological Sciences, and 15 moreDissociation, Humans, Clinical, Dengue, Differential Diagnosis, Antibody, Immunoassay, Immune Complex, Early Diagnosis, Antigens, Antigen, Acute Disease, immunoglobulin M, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and Medical and Health Sciences
Fragments of glycoprotein G (gG-2 281-594His ), comprising residues 281 to 594 of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), glycoprotein G of HSV-1 (gG-1 t26-189His ), and glycoprotein D of HSV-1 (gD-1 1-313 ), were expressed in the... more
Fragments of glycoprotein G (gG-2 281-594His ), comprising residues 281 to 594 of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), glycoprotein G of HSV-1 (gG-1 t26-189His ), and glycoprotein D of HSV-1 (gD-1 1-313 ), were expressed in the baculovirus expression system to develop an assay for the detection of HSV-1 and HSV-2 type-specific antibodies. The expression of the gG-1 t26-189His and gG-2 281-594His fragments was analyzed by Western blotting using monoclonal antibodies LP10 and AP1, respectively. The molecular masses of the major products of gG-1 t26-189His and the fragment of gG-2 281-594His were 36 to 39 kDa and 64 to 72 kDa, respectively. Human sera positive for HSV-1 reacted with gG-1 t26-189His , sera positive for HSV-2 reacted with the gG-2 281-594His fragment, and sera positive for both types reacted with gG-1 t26-189His and gG-2 281-594His in Western blotting. The human sera recognized polypeptides of gG-2 281-594His with molecular masses of 57 to 67 and 120 to 150 kDa and addit...
Research Interests: Biology, Virology, Medicine, Gene expression, Clinical Microbiology, and 15 moreBiological Sciences, Cercopithecus aethiops, Humans, Animals, P-glycoprotein, Antibody, Western blot, Molecular Mass, Monoclonal Antibody, Sensitivity and Specificity, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Vero cells, Herpes Simplex Virus, Antibody Response, and Medical and Health Sciences
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Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common human pathogen that can cause a variety of clinical manifestations in humans. In order to provide near-patient results to allow for faster counseling and treatment, a rapid point-of-care... more
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common human pathogen that can cause a variety of clinical manifestations in humans. In order to provide near-patient results to allow for faster counseling and treatment, a rapid point-of-care test that is accurate and simple to use is desirable. Here, we describe the development and evaluation of an HSV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG)-specific antibody lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) based on colloidal gold nanoparticles. A total of 359 serum samples and 100 whole-blood samples were tested in the newly developed HSV-2 LFIA. Serum results were compared to those from the HerpeSelect HSV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and whole-blood sample results were compared to those of both ELISA and HerpeSelect HSV-1 and -2 immunoblotting (IB). The sensitivity of the HSV-2 LFIA compared to that of the HerpeSelect ELISA was 100% (89/89), and the specificity was 97.3% (257/264). Cross-reactivity with HSV-1 IgG-positive serum samples ...