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Michał Bzinkowski
  • Instytut Filologii Klasycznej UJ
    Katedra Filologii Greckiej i Nowogreckiej
    Aleja Mickiewicza 11
    31-120 Kraków, Poland
Książka jest zbiorem wyselekcjonowanych (1967–2017) wierszy wybitnego współczesnego poety cypryjskiego, Kiriakosa Charalambidisa. Prologiem wprowadza czytelnika w zawiły świat historii, kultury, tradycji i literatury cypryjskiej,... more
Książka jest zbiorem wyselekcjonowanych (1967–2017) wierszy wybitnego współczesnego poety cypryjskiego, Kiriakosa Charalambidisa. Prologiem wprowadza czytelnika w zawiły świat historii, kultury, tradycji i literatury cypryjskiej, stosunkowo mało znanej polskiemu odbiorcy. Cypr, wyspa bogini Afrodyty, był przez wieki podwórkiem zmagań wojennych, a swoje panowanie naznaczyli tu Fenicjanie, Rzymianie, Ptolemeusze, Lusigianie, Wenecjanie, Turcy seldżuccy, Brytyjczycy. Poeta Charalambidis dostrzegł ogromne znaczenie poezji dla tożsamości cypryjskiej, a swoją twórczość wpisał w kody kulturowe (mitologiczno-historyczne) rozpoznawalne dla wykształconego Europejczyka, a jednocześnie pozostał wiernym synem walczącego o swoją tożsamość narodową Cypru. Jego poezja jest erudycyjna, wymagająca dla tłumacza, gdyż poeta posługuje się różnymi rejestrami języka greckiego, w jego nieprzerwanej, od blisko trzech tysięcy lat historii. Lektura Charalambidisa jest wielką przygodą intelektualną i estetyczną. Wiersze poety tłumaczone są na język angielski, francuski, niemiecki, szwedzki, bułgarski, albański, i wreszcie – polski. Sam poeta jest laureatem wielu nagród literackich na Cyprze i w Grecji, a także Międzynarodowej Nagrody Kawafisa w Egipcie.
https://press.amu.edu.pl/pl/kiriakos-charalambidis-literatura-jest-oddechem-życia.html
Wybór najważniejszych esejów Seferisa. Teksty prezentują pełen wachlarz zainteresowań autora oraz pokazują jego ogromną wiedzę i wyjątkowy kunszt literacki. „Kawafis nas zostawił. Odszedł z naszego świata w czasie, gdy dopełnił się... more
Wybór najważniejszych esejów Seferisa. Teksty prezentują pełen wachlarz zainteresowań autora oraz pokazują jego ogromną wiedzę i wyjątkowy kunszt literacki.

„Kawafis nas zostawił. Odszedł z naszego świata w czasie, gdy dopełnił się ostatni akt naszego dramatu: katastrofa. Był starym człowiekiem, wyczerpanym i złamanym, cedzącym słowa o obrazach, które oglądał w Aleksandrii. Bardzo niewielu go słuchało, a jeszcze mniej pojęło jego niezrozumiałe jąkania. Czym innym prócz mamrotań, wśród masowych ryków tłumu autarchicznej Europy, mogły być pojedyncze broszury, które powielał w drukarni Kasimatisa i Ionasa? Nic dziwnego, że nikt go nie słuchał. […] On jednak był posłańcem”.

Jorgos Seferis, Dni, Poros 1946

Z Dni 1941–1956 – dziennika Seferisa – wyrasta Roża losu, eseje pełne tragicznej refleksji nad ocaleniem dziedzictwa hellenizmu, nad ocaleniem dziedzictwa Eliota i Kawafisa.

https://terytoria.com.pl/1842-roza-losu.html
Spis treści:
https://terytoria.com.pl/modules/nxproduct/images/1842/spis_tresci-spisjorgosseferisroza_1614328215.pdf

Recenzje:
https://terytoria.com.pl/modules/nxproduct/images/1842/recenzje-recenzjajackagutorowaprosty-swiatprzegladpolityczny_1627644390.pdf
https://terytoria.com.pl/modules/nxproduct/images/1842/recenzje-recenzjadopelnienienoblowskiejtrylogiinoweksiazki_1627393244.pdf
https://terytoria.com.pl/modules/nxproduct/images/1842/recenzje-recenzja-pt-jakis-odys-krzysztof-lisowski-czasieliteratury315-2021_1635110024.pdf
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Dni 1941–1956 to najobszerniejszy wybór z dziennika Jorgosa Seferisa, jaki kiedykolwiek został upubliczniony. Te intymne i intensywne zapiski wyraziście odsłaniają nagą myśl i wrażliwość, z których poczynają się wiersze, pozwalają głęboko... more
Dni 1941–1956 to najobszerniejszy wybór z dziennika Jorgosa Seferisa, jaki kiedykolwiek został upubliczniony. Te intymne i intensywne zapiski wyraziście odsłaniają nagą myśl i wrażliwość, z których poczynają się wiersze, pozwalają głęboko wniknąć w serce i umysł poety, a także w sam akt twórczy. Dziennik ten ukazuje głębokie źródła geniuszu poetyckiego Seferisa. Ma w sobie bezpośredniość objawienia i ów rzadki pierwiastek numinotyczny, który kojarzymy z notatnikami Henry’ego Jamesa czy listami Keatsa i Rilkego.
https://terytoria.com.pl/1679-dni-1941-1956.html
http://www.czasliteratury.pl/w-katach-wielkiego-greckiego-swiata/
http://www.czasliteratury.pl/mysli-kilka-po-lekturze-dni-jorgosa-seferisa/
http://www.noweksiazki.com.pl/pl/recenzja/kordos-7-8-2020?prefix=artykul
http://dyskretnyurokdrobiazgow.blogspot.com/2020/10/66-nie-chce-byc-dzisiaj-niczym-jutro.html
https://lubimyczytac.pl/ksiazka/4898697/dni-1941-1956
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The book focuses on the figure of Charos (Χάρος, Χάροντας), widespread throughout the Hellenic world, including Cyprus and the Pontus region, and belonging to folk mythology of Modern Greece. The author, analyzing Greek demotic songs,... more
The book focuses on the figure of Charos (Χάρος, Χάροντας), widespread throughout the Hellenic world, including Cyprus and the Pontus region, and belonging to folk mythology of Modern Greece. The author, analyzing Greek demotic songs, especially mirologia (dirges) and the songs of the Underworld and Charos, but also alluding to acritic cycle of alleged Byzantine origin, sets out to ascertain plausible characteristics of this enigmatic and ambiguous personage.

The research required references to different historical levels of Greek history, including Ancient Greece and Byzantium. It was also indispensable to tap into some ethnographical accounts and especially to various literary texts featuring the figure of Charos, mainly ones from Crete and the islands that for centuries were under Western European influence. Moreover, folk tradition encompasses the coexistence of the earlier, archaic elements of pre-Christian tradition mingled with Christian ones belonging to the Orthodox Church and inherited from Byzantium. All of this makes every attempt at a holistic approach to the question of Charos extremely difficult and demands numerous intertextual and intercultural interferences.
https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/bitstream/handle/item/46152/bzinkowski_masks_of_charos_in_modern_greek_demotic_songs_sources_representations_and_context_2017.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Reviews:
https://jfr.sitehost.iu.edu/review.php?id=2276
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Στην παρούσα μελέτη θα επιχειρήσω να ανιχνεύσω εν συντομία την επιρροή που άσκησε ο Σεφέρης στον ποιητικό λόγο του Χαραλαμπίδη. Βασιζόμενος στα ποιήματα «Πουλάρια και άλογα» και «Γνώση της Ιστορίας», θα σχολιάσω τον τρόπο με τον οποίο ο... more
Στην παρούσα μελέτη θα επιχειρήσω να ανιχνεύσω εν συντομία την επιρροή που άσκησε ο Σεφέρης στον ποιητικό λόγο του Χαραλαμπίδη. Βασιζόμενος στα ποιήματα «Πουλάρια και άλογα» και «Γνώση της Ιστορίας», θα σχολιάσω τον τρόπο με τον οποίο ο Χαραλαμπίδης επεξεργάζεται σεφερικά μοτίβα, ιδιαίτερα αυτά που αφορούν τη σχέση μύθου και ιστορίας και την προβολή τους στη σύγχρονη πραγματικότητα, καθώς και τον τρόπο με τον οποίο ο Χαραλαμπίδης χρησιμοποιεί την ειρωνεία.
Kostas Ouranis (1890-1953), a Greek poet and essayist, lesser known abroad, was regarded as one of the first to introduce "travel writing" in Greece. As a correspondent of different newspapers, he travelled to many countries in Europe and... more
Kostas Ouranis (1890-1953), a Greek poet and essayist, lesser known abroad, was regarded as one of the first to introduce "travel writing" in Greece. As a correspondent of different newspapers, he travelled to many countries in Europe and abroad and recorded his impressions in travel books, of which the best known is his travelogue on Spain, Sol y sombra (1934). However, the book that is of special interest as regards the Greek perspective of the writer, is Travels in Greece (Ταξίδια στην Ελλάδα, 1949), where Ouranis describes impressions from his travels in his homeland which took place in 1930. In the present paper, basing on the brief chapter on Monemvasia from the above-mentioned book, I will shed some light on the reception of Byzantium in Ouranis' view, trying to answer, among others, the question whether the writer conveys any specific knowledge of the subject. In my opinion, his view of Byzantine heritage deserves special attention as regards the broad framework of the European approach to the legacy of the Eastern Roman Empire. Firstly, because his impressions on this Byzantine town constitute a vivid example of a clearly Greek perspective in this regard, which is relatively poorly known. Secondly, his deeply personal account on Monemvasia reveals the general attitude of the Greeks to their legacy and as such it may be regarded as a characteristic miniature which, like a lens, focuses their approach to the past.
Nowożytni Grecy, usiłując stworzyć pomost pomiędzy antycznymi przodkami a współczesnością, przez pewien czas negowali i wypierali istnienie Bizancjum.... more
Nowożytni Grecy, usiłując stworzyć pomost pomiędzy antycznymi przodkami a współczesnością, przez pewien czas negowali i wypierali istnienie Bizancjum.

https://www.polityka.pl/pomocnikhistoryczny/1784768,1,wspolczesni-grecy-a-bizancjum.read
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Heading for Absolute Freedom: An Outline for the Profile of the Protagonist of Nikos Kazantzakis’ Odyssey This paper focuses on the magnum opus of the well-known Greek writer Nikos Kazantzakis (1883–1957), The Odyssey, which even in the... more
Heading for Absolute Freedom: An Outline for the Profile of the Protagonist of Nikos Kazantzakis’ Odyssey

This paper focuses on the magnum opus of the well-known Greek writer Nikos Kazantzakis (1883–1957), The Odyssey, which even in the author’s country is still astonishingly neglected due to its complexity and obscure language. First published in 1938, in more than 30,000 seventeen-syllable verses, the work describes the subsequent history of Homer’s Odysseus who after killing the suitors, bored with life in Ithaca, sets out on a quest for metaphysical transcendence. Attention is given not only to the reinterpretation of the Homeric hero who becomes the alter ego of the writer, but to a large extent also to the successive phases of metamorphoses of the epic poem’s protagonist. As it turns out, the latter-day Odysseus, negating everything and yet not ceasing to fight, on his way goes through three stages proposed by the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855): the aesthetic, the ethical, and the religious.

http://journals.pan.pl/dlibra/publication/124967/edition/109011/content
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In my paper I focus on the well-known Greek mythical as well as literary figure, known mainly from Homer’s Odyssey, Odysseus’ faithful wife, Penelope. Attention is given to the reinterpretation of the Homeric prototype in Modern Greek... more
In my paper I focus on the well-known Greek mythical as well as literary figure, known mainly from Homer’s Odyssey, Odysseus’ faithful wife, Penelope. Attention is given to the reinterpretation of the Homeric prototype in Modern Greek 20th century poetry. The successive metamorphoses of the image of Penelope are traced in Nikos Kazantzakis’ The Odyssey, Yiannis Ritsos’ Penelope’s Despair, Katerina Anghelaki-Rooke’s Says Penelope, Kyriakos Charalambides’ Penelope Recognizes Odysseus, Penelope’s Odysseus and Pandelis Boukalas’ Penelope. The analysis shows ambiguous attitude to the traditional image of Penelope and tendency of Modern Greek poets to demythologize her and to show the scene of anagnorisis in Homer‘s Odyssey in modern context as well as with more psychological probability.
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In this paper I shed some light on one aspect of the Timarion, which has been rather neglected in modern scholarship, namely the motif of the katabasis to Hades and the elements of afterlife imagery. To my knowledge, this aspect of the... more
In this paper I shed some light on one aspect of the Timarion, which has been rather neglected in modern scholarship, namely the motif of the katabasis to Hades and the elements of afterlife imagery. To my knowledge, this aspect of the satire has not been the subject of any separate studies and has not been treated adequately by researchers dealing with the work. However, in my opinion the question of eschatological motives in the Timarion deserves more attention, not only in the light of its affinity to other literary texts belonging to the same genre, which is rather obvious, but – strange and improbable as it may seem at first glance – regarding possible traces of popular or religious elements in the description of the eschatological landscape.
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"http://www.ejournals.eu/Przekladaniec/2012/Numer-26/art/2160/" What Do These Ithacas Mean? In the Margins of Cavafy’s Ithaca in Polish This article analyses all Polish translations of the well-known poem by Constantine P. Cavafy (1863–... more
"http://www.ejournals.eu/Przekladaniec/2012/Numer-26/art/2160/"
What Do These Ithacas Mean? In the Margins of Cavafy’s Ithaca in Polish
This article analyses all Polish translations of the well-known poem by Constantine P. Cavafy (1863– 1933), Ithaca (Ιθάκη). Comparing the beginnings of the fi rst stanza and the last stanza, which are fundamental to the comprehension of the poem, I point to the main differences between the original and its Polish versions. In my analysis I concentrate on the idiosyncrasies of Cavafy’s language, so challenging to translators of this poetry. My parallel reading of the translations by Zygmunt Kubiak, Nikos Chadzinikolau, Czesław Miłosz and Antoni Libera reveals striking discrepancies between the original text and the proposed versions, most noticeably Libera’s.
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The 20th-century Greek poet Yorgos Seferis (the penname of Yorgos Seferiadis, 1900–1971) is considered to be one of the most influential Modern Greek poets. However, his hermetic, at times obscure, poetry is not widely read outside Greece... more
The 20th-century Greek poet Yorgos Seferis (the penname of Yorgos Seferiadis,
1900–1971) is considered to be one of the most influential Modern Greek poets.
However, his hermetic, at times obscure, poetry is not widely read outside Greece and
English-speaking countries, even though it was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1963. The
article discusses Seferis’s use of antiquity and investigates the ways in which Modern
Greek can draw inspiration from ancient literary sources. It attempts to define the
function of mythological allusions in the poems translated for “Przekładaniec” as well
as presents some of the difficulties the translator of Modern Greek poetry may come across.
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Κατά τη διάρκεια της διαμονής του στη Ρωσία, την άνοιξη του 1928, ο Νίκος Καζαντζάκης γράφει το πρώτο του κινηματογραφικό σενάριο κατά παραγγελία μιας σοβιετικής κινηματογραφικής εταιρείας. Όπως αποδεικνύεται, το σενάριο αυτό που γράφτηκε... more
Κατά τη διάρκεια της διαμονής του στη Ρωσία, την άνοιξη του 1928, ο Νίκος Καζαντζάκης γράφει το πρώτο του κινηματογραφικό σενάριο κατά παραγγελία μιας σοβιετικής κινηματογραφικής εταιρείας. Όπως αποδεικνύεται, το σενάριο αυτό που γράφτηκε από τον Καζαντζάκη στα γαλλικά με τον τίτλο Le mouchoir rouge (Το κόκκινο μαντίλι), δε θα δημιουργούνταν χωρίς την επιρροή του Ελληνορουμάνου συγγραφέα Παναΐτ Ιστράτι για στον οποίο ο Καζαντζάκης γράφει εκτενώς στο Ταξιδεύοντας. Ρουσία και τον οποίο αποκαλούσε τον Γκόρκι των Βαλκανίων. Παρόλο που το ζήτημα της αλληλεπίδρασης μεταξύ των δυο συγγραφέων δεν έχει ακόμη διερευνηθεί επισταμένα, υπογραμμίζεται ότι ο Ρουμάνος λογοτέχνης ενέπνευσε τον Κρητικό συγγραφέα με τις ιδέες του όσον αφορά το όραμα της Ελληνικής Επανάστασης του 1821 στο αναφερθέν σενάριο. Στο Κόκκινο μαντίλι που δεν γυρίστηκε ποτέ, ο Καζαντζάκης για ιδεολογικούς σκοπούς άλλαξε τα γεγονότα και τις παραδοσιακές πεποιθήσεις για τον ξεσηκωμό του 1821. Βασιζόμενος στα γράμματα του Καζαντζάκη καθώς και στο Ταξιδεύοντας. Ρουσία θα προσπαθήσω να ρίξω λίγο φως στο θέμα της επίδρασης που ο Ρουμάνος συγγραφέας Παναΐτ Ιστράτι άσκησε επάνω στον Καζαντζάκη για να δημιουργήσει αυτός τη δική του μοναδική εικόνα του 1821.

https://www.eens.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ-ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟΥ_merged.pdf
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Ο Νίκος Καζαντζάκης, ως ανταποκριτής διάφορων περιοδικών και εφημερίδων (π.χ. Ακρόπολις, Ελεύθερος Λόγος, Ελεύθερος Τύπος, Καθημερινή), ταξίδεψε στη ζωή του σε όλο τον κόσμο. Τις ταξιδιωτικές του εμπειρίες τις περιέλαβε όχι μόνο στα... more
Ο Νίκος Καζαντζάκης, ως ανταποκριτής διάφορων περιοδικών και εφημερίδων (π.χ. Ακρόπολις, Ελεύθερος Λόγος, Ελεύθερος Τύπος, Καθημερινή), ταξίδεψε στη ζωή του σε όλο τον κόσμο. Τις ταξιδιωτικές του εμπειρίες τις περιέλαβε όχι μόνο στα ταξιδιωτικά κείμενά του που αποτελούν τη σειρά Ταξιδεύοντας, αλλά και στις Επιστολές προς τη Γαλάτεια (α΄ έκδοση 1958) καθώς και στα Τετρακόσια Γράμματα του Καζαντζάκη στον Πρεβελάκη (α΄ έκδοση 1965). Ο Καζαντζάκης επισκέπτεται αρκετές φορές τα Βαλκάνια κατά τα ταξίδια του στην Ευρώπη. Αν και το κέντρο της προσοχής του συγγραφέα δεν εστιάζεται στις βαλκανικές χώρες και ο συγγραφέας δεν αφιερώνει κανένα από τα ταξιδιωτικά του έργα συγκεκριμένα σε αυτό το μέρος, σε διάφορα κείμενά του μπορούμε να βρούμε αναφορές, μεταξύ άλλων, στη Σερβία, στη Βουλγαρία και στη Ρουμανία. Στην παρούσα ανακοίνωση, βασιζόμενος στα ταξιδιωτικά κείμενα, στις προαναφερθείσες επιστολές του Καζαντζάκη, καθώς και στα μυθιστορήματά του, θα προσπαθήσω να σχεδιάσω τις εικόνες των Βαλκανίων οι οποίες εμφανίζονται κατά το προσεκτικό διάβασμα μερικών αποσπασμάτων από το τεράστιο έργο του Κρητικού συγγραφέα.
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Archangel Michael as The Ancient Hermes Psychopompos Escorting the Souls, in Byzantine and Modern Greek Demotic Tradition. During the Byzantine era Archangel Michael, who had succeeded ancient Hermes in his capacity of psychopompos, had... more
Archangel Michael as The Ancient Hermes Psychopompos Escorting the Souls, in Byzantine and Modern Greek Demotic Tradition. During the Byzantine era Archangel Michael, who had succeeded ancient Hermes in his capacity of psychopompos, had already been confused and identified with Death (and his Modern Greek personification: Charos). In the late Byzantine period there are many paintings depicting the deceased accompanied by Archangel Michael, who had been regarded as the " escort of souls " in the early Christian tradition that we can find in the third century apocryphal " Apocalypse of Paul ". Numerous apocalypses from early as well as late Antiquity confirm that the cult of Archangel Michael was extremely popular in Byzantium. Archangel Michael – the patron saint of Byzantine emperors appearing on coins together with them-in Byzantine as well in orthodox art, he manifests himself in thousands of icons and is an object of the greatest worship, which confirms that that he must have been important for all the believers of the orthodox church and thus naturally could have also permeated into the folk beliefs. The traces of confusion of Death-Charos with Archangel could be also seen in the songs belonging to the acritic cycle, especially connected with different versions of the song " Death of Digenis ". Moreover, the biblical image of Archangel Michael with a sword in one hand and the scale in another, very common in Byzantine iconography, has mingled with a Modern Greek folk personification of Death.
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