Stefano Manacorda

Sanctions vary according to the severity of offenses and the evidence presented against respondents. They impose different costs on the concerned firms and individuals. The Bank issued Sanctioning Guidelines in order to offer guiding criteria to the SDO and the Sanctions Board. The document specifies that the guiding principles “are not meant to be prescriptive in nature, but to provide guidance to those who have the discretion to impose sanctions on behalf of the” Bank. In World Bank v Contech Devices Pvt. Ltd., the Sanctions Board clarified:

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... Revue de Science Criminelle et de Droit Pénal Comparé, 4 (2008) pp. 995-1006. La mutation "à droit constant" du Troisième pilier : renforcement et élargissement de la coopération. StefanoManacorda 1. (2008). 1 : Unite mixte de recherche en droit comparé (UMRDC). ...

1. Introduzione. - 2. L' emersione di obblighi di tutela penale ' di nuova generazione '. Il diritto alla vita come banco di prova. - 3. Giustiziabilita delle norme internazionali e sistema penale: dagli " obblighi positivi " alla tipologia degli obblighi di tutela penale. - 4. Obblighi di penalizzazione e divieti di depenalizzazione ( in senso lato ). - 5. Obblighi procedurale di natura penale. - 6. Corti nazionali e attuazione degli obblighi di tutela penale internazionali: disapplicazzione, inconvenzionalita, incostituzionalita e interpretazione conforme. - 7. Una verifica degli obblighi di tutela sul terreno del diritto alla vita. I limiti strutturali degli obblighi posititvi: offese non statuali e fattispecie colpose. - 8. gli ulteriori limiti degli obblighi di tutela penale inerenti alla struttura del diritto alla vita: i temi eticamenti sensibili e i controinteressi. - 9. Obblighi di incriminazione e principi di legittimazione dell'intervento penale:...

On 8 September 2015, a new chapter opened in the history of European Criminal Law as a consequence of the judgment issued by the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Justice in the Taricco case. As a background hereto, the complex series of judicial decisions that have taken place must be recalled, by stressing the role played – among others – by the Italian Constitutional Court and the European Court of Justice (I). On such a basis, a comparative overview will allow us to identify some of the essential legal dilemmas at stake by focusing on the different conceptions surrounding the legal regime of time limitation for criminal offences and the wider implications arising therefrom (II). Apart from the divergence of perspectives which arises between the Italian and European judges, the judicial saga represents a turn in the history of the so-called European Criminal Law which deserves to be analysed.

That the European area is a zone free of capital punishment is the result of a complex process of restraints that has evolved over the last 50 years. Domestic, regional and universal international law, as well as certain components within each level, have influenced each other to ...

... Entre la guerre et la paix: quelle place pour le pénal. Autores: Stefano Manacorda; Localización: Cahiers de défense sociale: bulletin de la Societé International de Défense Sociale pour une Politique Criminelle Humaniste, ISSN 0223-582x, Nº. 34-35, 2007-2008 , págs. ...

... Entre la guerre et la paix: quelle place pour le pénal. Autores: Stefano Manacorda; Localización: Cahiers de défense sociale: bulletin de la Societé International de Défense Sociale pour une Politique Criminelle Humaniste, ISSN 0223-582x, Nº. 34-35, 2007-2008 , págs. ...

Il contributo analizza le principali innovazioni apportate dalla L. n. 3/2019 alla disciplina della corruzione internazionale (art. 322 bis c.p.) e alle disposizioni di parte generale sulla extraterritorialità della legge
penale (artt. 9 e 10 c.p.), tenendo in considerazione anche elementi già emersi nella prassi giurisprudenziale.
The paper deals with the main innovations introduced by l. n. 3/2019 to the offences of international corruption (Article 322bis of the Criminal Code), and to general rules concerning extraterritorial jurisdiction (Articles 9 and 10 of the Criminal Code).

The fight against international corruption has become a primary
criminal policy objective at a global level. The ‘accumulation’ of regulations
highlights the growing commitment to legality and, at the same time,
the development of a perspective of global control of financial illegalities by
some States. In such a context, the Italian experience, centred around the
adoption of the multiple reforms of art. 322-bis of the penal code, appears
rather poor on applicative grounds, with just a dozen of corrupt schemes
being currently prosecuted. This seems to be connected to factual data,
related to the difficulty of reconstruct criminal offences at an investigative
and evidentiary level, but also to legislative options, such as the choice of
criminalising only some of the possible forms of corruption. Most of all, a
considerable role has been played by a not always fair use of interpretative
instruments, sometimes aimed at inappropriately restrict the scope of application of the criminalising norms and more often at broadening the net of penal legislation. The investigation brings us to observe that the Italian system has actually pursued an overall stiffening of the preventive and repressive strategy of ‘domestic’ corruption, using international corruption as a convenient vector with a safe legitimation and a great symbolic power,

La construction de l'Europe pénale semble changer de mains pour être principalement placée entre celles du juge. Ce constat, alimenté par l'«activisme» de la Cour de Justice des Communautés européennes dans les différents secteurs du droit pénal européen, fournit ...

On 8 September 2015, a new chapter opened in the history of European Criminal Law as a consequence of the judgment issued by the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Justice in the Taricco case. As a background hereto, the complex series of judicial decisions that have taken place must be recalled, by stressing the role played – among others – by the Italian Constitutional Court and the European Court of Justice (I). On such a basis, a comparative overview will allow us to identify some of the essential legal dilemmas at stake by focusing on the different conceptions surrounding the legal regime of time limitation for criminal offences and the wider implications arising therefrom (II). Apart from the divergence of perspectives which arises between the Italian and European judges, the judicial saga represents a turn in the history of the so-called European Criminal Law which deserves to be analysed. The main episodes of the Taricco saga The preliminary questions: The legal regime of interruption of time limitation The Taricco judgment stemmed from a request for a preliminary ruling submitted to the European Court of Justice (ECJ) by an Italian criminal judge of the northwestern province of Cuneo. A case was pending before this judge concerning Value-added tax frauds evasion in relation to the trade of champagne. The accused were charged with tax offences, as well as with conspiracy to commit a crime, due to the seriousness and scale of the fraud, allegedly involving more than three people and the establishment of an organization. The Italian judge was confronted in particular with the following issue: Some changes had occurred in Italy in relation to the time limitation regime as

Legislative decree n. 231/2001 poses on corporation the duty of adopting internal self-enacted rules of crime-risk prophylaxis, so-called organisational models. Compliant corporations can access a series of benefits that can be directly measured on a penal level – which might reach the stage of exempting from any liability – where such precautions prove adequate, that is, capable of preventing further crimes, and effectively implemented. The first part of the article aims at offering an updated and critical recon- struction of the requisite of adequacy, both from the point of view of scho- larly elaboration and on the level of judicial application, thus outlining the component of preventive capability. With regard to this element, the second part of the article will analyse the realised or suggested attempts of rationa- lisation, all aimed at reducing the normative uncertainty about the effectively adequate model and at allowing the ‘benefit system’ to operate within the due safeguards.

Section 1 of the XX AIDP International Congress of Penal Law (Preparatory Colloquium-Argentinian National Group to be held in Buenos Aires in March 2017) focuses on the current challenges criminal law encounters in determining individual liability for the most-egregious crimes committed with the involvement of economic actors. The issue at stake is part of the general topic of " corporate complicity " , which designates a multifaceted phenomenon. The Questionnaire focuses on the following specific topics:-criminal acts of corporations , namely multinational corporations (both private and public);-crimes amounting to serious violations of human rights, and in particular 'core crimes' foreseen by the Rome Statute (genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes), and not all kinds of Treaty crimes or domestic ones;-individual criminal liability of civilians, and in particular 'corporate officials', and not corporate liability, civil and administrative liability of individuals, individual liability of the military (which will be only indirectly dealt with, as far as their analysis is relevant for the proposed issues).

L’Unione europea incide in profondità sulla conformazione dei sistemi penali nazionali, definendo oggetti e tecniche di tutela in un numero crescente di settori e imponendo vincoli sanzionatori progressivamente più stringenti. In una prospettiva diretta a valorizzare il ruolo dei principî liberal-garantisti nella costruzione di un sistema equilibrato di tutela dei beni giuridici e di salvaguardia delle garanzie fondamentali, la voce mira ad offrire un quadro attuale del cd. diritto penale europeo, articolandone la ricostruzione intorno a tre assi principali: il riconoscimento crescente e irrinunciabile di un sistema di diritti fondamentali che imbrigli la politica criminale dell’Unione; il profilarsi di competenze penali dell’Unione europea via via più articolate, comprensive per taluni anche di una competenza cd. diretta o quasi diretta; l’attuazione del diritto europeo nel sistema penale italiano e gli strumenti legislativi e giurisprudenziali atti a garantire il processo di adeguamento di quest’ultimo.

A Critical Analysis of the Sanctions System Presents the first comprehensive commentary on the Sanctions Board's decisions Pursues an innovative approach, consisting of a combined analysis of substantive and procedural legal questions, and of the judgments issued by the Sanctions Board Offers an accurate and critical analysis of the most significant legal questions posed by the use of the sanctions system, and underlines its current lack of legal guarantees This book focuses on the World Bank's sanctions system, which is an innovative instrument of global governance implemented by the leading multilateral development bank in order to impose penalties on legal entities and individuals that are involved in Bank-financed projects. Although similar regimes have also been implemented by other regional multilateral development banks, the World Bank's legal framework is currently the most comprehensive one. The book offers a rich and detailed analysis of the sanctions system, presenting an in-depth examination of all the phases of its procedure with a special focus on key aspects such as the criteria for assigning liability to legal entities and corporate groups, as well as the World Bank's jurisdictional reach over non-contractors. The book also explores the compatibility between the legal framework implemented by the Bank and the rule of law, the role of precedents, and the level of due process. It highlights the fact that the sanctions system is currently characterized by a lack of legal guarantees, and that there are compelling reasons for supporting the argument that due process safeguards should be applied to it in their entirety. Lifelong 40% discount for authors The first € price and the £ and $ price are net prices, subject to local VAT. Prices indicated with [1] include VAT for books; the €(D) includes 7% for Germany, the €(A) includes 10% for Austria. Prices indicated with [2] include VAT for electronic products; 19% for Germany, 20% for Austria. All prices exclusive of carriage charges. Prices and other details are subject to change without notice. All errors and omissions excepted. [3] No discount for MyCopy.

Reconstruire l’histoire du concept des obligations de protection pénale et préciser ses usages en tenant compte des espaces normatifs nationaux, régionaux – européens (Union européenne, Conseil de l’Europe) ainsi qu’américain – et mondiaux (Cour pénale internationale), à partir – mais également au-delà – des problématiques tirées de l’articulation entre protection internationale du droit à la vie et droit pénal (des enjeux bioéthiques à la peine capitale), telle était l’ambition de cette entreprise collective qui a permis de travailler ce que l’Équipe accueillie au Collège de France a choisi d’observer : les internormativités dans l’espace pénal, en confirmant certains de ses leviers (les droits de l’homme, le juge) tout en soulignant les risques engendrés par ces nouvelles modalités de formation de la norme.
En reposant la question du « devoir de punir », une interrogation ancienne qui a longtemps animé le débat constitutionnel, à l’aune de la protection internationale du droit à la vie, les auteurs entendaient montrer sa reprise à la faveur de son internationalisation. Après avoir testé l’hypothèse d’un renouveau des obligations de protection pénale, les auteurs se penchent sur le processus de diversification dont elles sont l’objet, mettant à jour les mécanismes, limites et enjeux de leur inflorescence.

The theft, trafficking, and falsification of cultural property and cultural heritage objects are crimes of a particularly complex nature, which often have international ramifications and significant economic consequences. Organized criminal groups of various types and origins are involved in these illegal acts.

The book Crime in the Art and Antiquities World has contributions both from researchers specializing in the illegal trafficking of art, and representatives of international institutions involved with prevention and detection of cultural property-related crimes, such as Interpol and UNESCO.

This innovative volume also includes an Appendix of the existing legal texts, i.e. international treaties, conventions, and resolutions, which have not previously been available in a single volume.

This work is a unique and useful reference for scholars and private and public bodies alike.

Nello scenario penalistico assume rilievo crescente la tematica di un'imputazione che stenta a contentarsi dei suoi modelli individualizzanti e dei semplici paradigmi concorsuali. Il diritto penale internazionale è il terreno nel quale problematiche di questo tipo si sono manifestate sin dalla sua nascita nel corso del Novecento, essendo "ontologicamente" chiamato a confrontarsi con fatti che sfuggono ai confini ordinali della criminalità, per estensione spaziale e temporale, per rilevanza dei beni giuridici in gioco, ma soprattutto per quantità, qualità ed interrelazione degli autori e delle vittime. Le forme collettivizzanti di imputazione, che si sono affacciate in maniera costante nella storia della giustizia penale internazionale, costituiscono, nelle loro plurime articolazioni, l'oggetto centrale della analisi che qui si propone. Lo studio muove, da queste basi, alla ricerca dei profili strutturali del rimprovero internazional-penalistico che si ponga in linea con le moderne acquisizioni in materia di responsabilità personale. Il recupero della dimensione concorsuale dovrebbe auspicabilmente inserirsi in un sistema articolato di imputazione, nel quale potrebbero figurare forme di ascrizione dell'illecito all'apparato di potere deviato, accompagnate dalla valorizzazione delle fattispecie associative.