Etiquette

This article examines the social significance of Real Tennis among the Western European nobility during its heyday of the sixteenth century. Underpinned theoretically by Norbert Elias’s seminal empirical work The Civilising Process, this article seeks to identify the societal preconditions for the emergence of Real Tennis, and provide explanations for its diffusion across Western Europe and subsequent boom in popularity among the nobility. A critique is offered of the current body of literature written on Real Tennis, with an aim to address a general lack of focus on the game’s ‘social’ elements and how their development is linked with structural changes to the game over the centuries. The article then goes on to examine the ways in which Real Tennis became a symbol of prestige and a tool for social mobility among the increasingly status-competitive royal court nobility. Played during royal festivals, the game provided opportunities for nobles to engage in conspicuous consumption through architectural, clothing and gambling displays; having an entourage in accompaniment to the noble players; and, through the style of play and behavioural control, exhibiting self-restraint and foresight. Overall, an attempt is made to apply Elias’s theoretical framework to aid our understanding of the development of Real Tennis, a game that has never been characterised by overt ‘violence’ of the kind examined previously by other sociologists employing an Eliasian framework.

Abstract: Nourishment stands apart from other physiological events: whilst we normally exercise discretion in relation to bodily functions, food consumption takes place in public. We dine, snack and nibble in front of others, and the imagery associated with food takes on the manifold of meanings—religious, cultural, historic and so forth. Gastronomic practices unite or divide people, and as such are a powerful communication tool. As the twenty-first century confrontational stance between fast food and family meal traditions intensifies, we investigate fast food’s visual imagery and its ability to attract consumers. Keywords: Fast food, visual imagery, semiotics of gastronomy, Peirce, Porphyry *** Resume : La nutrition se distingue d'autres evenements physiologiques: alors que normalement nous exercons avec discretion les fonctions corporelles, la consommation d'aliments a lieu en public. Nous mangeons, prenons une collation et grignotons devant les autres, et l'imagerie ...

Por suerte para protocolistas y protocoleros, es bastante habitual el encontrar
hoy en día un buen libro de protocolo en las estanterías de bibliotecas y librerías.
Hoy se habla del protocolo en la calle y estamos superando el concepto peyorativo
con el que los políticos y la prensa amarilla suelen acudir para designar cualquier
gasto difícil de justificar.
El protocolo empieza a ser conocido. Empieza a tener una vertebración, una
bases conceptuales y una proyección en la sociedad. Ahora ya no llama tanto la
atención quien se dedica al protocolo. Incluso ya existen carreras universitarias
con este nombre. Empezamos a ser respetados.
La labor de consolidación de la confianza de la sociedad civil en nosotros es
primordial para alcanzar altas cotas de desarrollo.
Ya no somos un mero adorno superfluo y sacrificable, unos acomodadores de
lujo.
Hoy en día un director de protocolo tiene mucho más fácil el lograr sus objetivos
que hace algunos años. Es como un director de orquesta que conoce todos
los instrumentos y logra que la melodía fluya correctamente interpretada.
Vamos en la dirección correcta, es indudable. Pero aún nos queda mucho que
conseguir.
Por ello libros como este que recogen investigaciones sobre la estructuración
del protocolo como elemento por el que se materializa la imagen del poder, son
tan importantes.
Esta vez hemos decidido que la reunión de trabajos que figuran en este monografía
no figuren dispuestos con una catalogación específica, por la dificultad que
entraña el estructurarlos dado que la multidisciplinariedad del protocolo está una
vez más patente en este libro.
Dejamos que el lector elija qué leer y en qué orden leerlo.
Nosotros nos hemos limitado a colocarlos por orden de llegada.
Disfruten con la lectura.

We argue that Confucianism makes a fundamental contribution to understanding why civility is necessary for a morally decent workplace. We begin by reviewing some limits that traditional moral theories face in analyzing issues of civility. We then seek to establish a Confucian alternative. We develop the Confu-cian idea that even in business, humans may be sacred when they observe rituals culturally determined to express particular ceremonial significance. We conclude that managers and workers should understand that there is a broad range of morally important rituals in organizational life and that managers should preserve and develop the intelligibility and integrity of many of these rituals.

This book is a translation of Ibn ʿAqīl al-Ḥanbalī’s (d. 513/1119) essay on Islamic manners, Fuṣūl al-ādāb wa makārim al-akhlāq al-mashrūʿa. It presents a significant number of commendable etiquettes Muslims are required to observe for everyday living and dealings. Ibn ʿAqīl’s essay is considered to be the shortest, and the earliest extant work from the Ḥanbalī school on Islamic manners. The language employed in the translation has been kept simple, straightforward, and modern to make the work accessible to everyone. This bilingual edition, with its parallel Arabic text, will allow readers to access the original Arabic and hopefully help with vocabulary building, oracy, and future translations. In Islam, good manners (ādāb) are required and admired; and it’s developed through study and practice. It is hoped the translation, Ibn ʿAqīl al-Ḥanbalī’s essay on Islamic Manners becomes a means to refine manners better.

Available here: https://daralarqam.bigcartel.com/product/essay-on-islamic-manners

На основе источников личного происхождения в статье проводится сравнительный анализ отдельных элементов придворного этикета при французском и испанском дво-рах в XVI–XVII вв., выявляются его общие и различные черты, отмечаются отличия.Автор высказывает предположение о возможном взаимовлиянии обоих дворов по-средством брачно-династических отношений.

THE WESTERN CLASSICAL CONCERT ETIQUETTE: A STUDY ON
CLAPPING ETIQUETTE
Abstract
The data gathered through dozens of activity observations focusing on the clapping
rule mentioned in the etiquette of Western classical music activities, participatory
observation as a chorist member in polyphonic choirs and the data collected
through interviews with fifty people about this music have shaped this article. This
qualitative study was carried out to understand how the non-compliance with the
rule of applause was perceived by the Western classical music scene, the judgments about the audience who did not abide by the rule, the reactions to the untimely applause and the reasons for the applause. Both the field study methods and
techniques, as well as the classical concert etiquette collected by literature review,
were listed in a certain order. While I think that many rules of etiquette in these articles should be followed not only in activities but also in social life, I think that
some rules such as clapping (applauding) rule are over-valued and will not be observed in the future.

Las Relaciones entre las instituciones no deben ser tomadas a broma. Cada una detenta su propia esfera del poder, pero, como si de un cuerpo se tratase, todos los miembros del Estado deben actuar en armonía y de forma comunicada y coherentes con los postulados, principios y normas que los rigen y bajo los que funcionan.
Este volumen recoge una serie de aportaciones de diferentes es-pecialistas acerca de la importancia que revisten las instituciones y las relaciones institucionales desde diferentes puntos de vista, pero sin perder de vista lo que el ceremonial y el protocolo puede aportar a las mismas.

The article is dedicated to the history of one of the most popular with the young Circassian diaspora dancing genres — the shcheshchen. The author of the article tries to study the ways of correlation between the local exhibitions of the dancing genre and its trivial terms, local folk tunes, social taboos and the precepts of a defi nite diaspora society using the shcheshchen as an example. The purpose of the study is the synchronous description of the genre features of the endemically formed choreographic phenomenon called " adyghe shcheshchen " (the Circassian shcheshchen), tracking of the universal analogues (the terminological, musical, choreographic ones), detection of its social and semantic functions in the defi nite local culture. The subject of the study is the discursive practices about public merrymaking traditions, and also the context relations between the archival explorative texts and the historical sources which give the narrative description of the choreographic phenomena of the " metropolis " — the Caucasus — analogous with the shcheshchen. The object of the study is a verbal (oral) and non-verbal text (collected in the folklore fi eld of Turkey and in the Internet) which actualize the information about the dance called shcheshchen. The fi eld methods: the participant observation and informal conversation, the method of memory boosting established by the author of the article, the online poll. The methods of analytical processing of the materials: structural/functional, pragmatic analyses, discourse analyses. The shcheshchen acts as a cultural complex which equalizes people according to the rules of a public merrymaking and maintains the civilizational identity of Anatolia Circassians at the same time. The author of the article explains the reasons of some inconsistency of the deliberations about the 'little prestige " of the shcheshchen and its popularity simultaneously. These conclusions would be useful for theoretical researches of the history of folklore genres, the culture of Circassian diaspora, and also for applied purposes: the ethnographical information collected by the author of the article and the complex theoretical observations data about the forms of the folk dances included in the article are published for the fi rst time and would be interesting for specialists engaged in searching of the traditional ethno-choreographical styles and stage performances.

Alafranga Halleri’nde Fatma Tunç Yaşar, on dokuzuncu yüzyılın sonu ve yirminci yüzyılın başında yayımlanmış Osmanlı âdâb-ı muâşeret kitaplarının bağlamını, muhtevasını ve gündemini, geç dönem Osmanlı sosyo-politik ve kültürel atmosferi çerçevesinde analiz ediyor. Bunu yaparken Batılılaşma ve modernleşme paradigmalarının dar çerçevesine hapsolmaktan bilhassa kaçınıyor. Osmanlı âdâb-ı muâşeret literatürünün ortaya çıkışını Batılılaşma, modernleşme ve medenileşme gibi süreçlerin bir parçası ya da sonucu olarak değil, Osmanlı âdâb-ı muâşeret yazarlarının döneme damgasını vuran Avrupa kültürü ve alafranga yaşam tarzı ile farklı yüzleşme biçimleri ve tavır alma çabaları olarak okuyor.

This essay explains the rankings of titles for men and women, plus the contemporary rules of precedence, which were current in eighteenth-century Britain, as prepared by P.J. Corfield for publication in E.M. Green, P.J. Corfield and C. Harvey, Elections in Metropolitan London, 1700-1850: Volume 1 Arguments and Evidence (Bristol, 2013), pp. 457-77; and on-line in http://leh.ncl.ac.uk

[EN]
Athina Kanellopoulou
Eating Etiquette

Performance / Installation, 2017
(matte, blankets, pillows, tea set, tea, book,
screen, headphones)


The performance Eating Etiquette directly condemns the remnants of a code of enlightenment that remains in an etiquette basis and defined in the older times the social gender, and in this case the woman. Thus, her very specific social and life roles are enforced by the savoir vivre for social rehabilitation through a good engagement/ marriage.
In the context of Eating Etiquette, viewers are invited to a different afternoon tea with the artist. This long duration performance is divided into parts; artist treats the viewers/ audience in order to create a familiar and friendly environment and break every limit of this impenetrable old-fashioned etiquette that keeps people at a distance, after that naturally follows a degrading act and a review of the new and up-to-date data.
Through practical degrading tactics, the feeling of liberation from the label of the established gender identity is sought and the redefinition of the ego as an autonomous subject.


[GR]
Αθηνά Κανελλοπούλου
Eating Etiquette

Επιτέλεση / Εγκατάσταση, 2017
(υπόστρωμα, κουβέρτες, μαξιλάρια, σετ τσαγιού, τσάι, βιβλίο,
οθόνη, ακουστικά)


Η επιτέλεση Eating Etiquette καυτηριάζει ευθέως τα κατάλοιπα ενός κώδικα καθωσπρεπισμού που μένει στους τύπους και όριζε σε παλαιότερες εποχές το κοινωνικό φύλο, και εν προκειμένω τη γυναίκα. Οι ρόλοι της πολύ συγκεκριμένοι, επιβάλλονται από το savoir vivre, με σκοπό την κοινωνική ανάταση μέσω ενός καλού γάμου.
Στο πλαίσιο του Eating Etiquette, οι θεατές προσκαλούνται σε ένα διαφορετικό απογευματινό τσάι με την εικαστικό. Η long duration performance είναι χωρισμένη σε μέρη, όπου η εικαστικός περιποιείται τους καλεσμένους/ θεατές με σκοπό να δημιουργηθεί ένα κλίμα οικείο και να σπάσει κάθε όριο αυτού του άχαρου καθωσπρεπισμού που κρατά τους ανθρώπους σε απόσταση, ώστε να επακολουθήσει μια πράξη βεβήλωσης με φυσικό τρόπο και επανεξέτασης των νέων και σύγχρονων δεδομένων.
Μέσα από έμπρακτες βεβηλωτικές τακτικές, επιδιώκεται το αίσθημα της απελευθέρωσης από την ετικέτα της θεσπισμένης έμφυλης κοινωνικής ταυτότητας και ο επαναπροσδιορισμός του εγώ ως αυτόνομο υποκείμενο.

Confucians think ritual propriety is extremely important, but this commitment perplexes many Western readers. This essay outlines the early Confucian Xúnzǐ's defense of ritual, then offers a modified defense of ritual propriety as a real virtue, of value to human beings in all times and places, albeit one that is inescapably indexed to prevailing social norms in a non-objectionable way. The paper addresses five likely objections to this thesis, drawing on but going beyond recent Kantian defenses of courtesy and civility. The objections concern cultural relativity, insincerity, separating style from substance, elitism, and possible incoherence in the virtue itself.

ABSTRACT: The appearance and dress are described as the essential components of etiquette rules, good manners and self-representation in late Ottoman etiquette books, manuals and writings. As a fundamental issue of the modernizing process, dress is discussed in a variety of contexts in etiquette books such as identity, gentility, propriety and status as well as hygiene and comfort. This article discusses the place and importance of dress and appearance to the state, society and individuals and its symbolic meaning in the late Ottoman context and tries to reveal how late Ottoman etiquette writers approach the issue and how they determine proper clothing for men. It investigates the basic forms in order to explore the current trends, styles, and types of the period more fully and discusses how the forms and composition of clothes determined a vocabulary which reveals the direction and stimulation of transformation and change in clothing and manners.

This article explores the rise of etiquette books in late Ottoman world as a genre and analyses the emergence of this literature in late nineteenth century as the response of Ottomans to the age of civility in etiquette and lifestyle. It discusses the attitudes and approaches of the Ottoman authors in composing etiquette book, creating content and defining the etiquette by addressing the particular conditions of the late Ottoman socio-cultural milieu. By studying etiquette books as a genre representing the realms of aspirations, ideals and visions, this article reveals insights into how Ottoman authors defined the Ottoman etiquette under the increasing impact of European lifestyle and how they confronted, negotiated and coped with the predicaments of alla franca.

This paper examines recent developments in etiquette in contemporary mixed-doubles tennis (MDT), to position different behavioural expectations for men/women in the broader context of shifting gender relations. Content analysis of coaching guides published from the 1960s-80s revealed that historically-rooted gender distinctions in terms of court positioning, tactics, and playing roles/expectations were reaffirmed, continuing to undermine and marginalize females yet privilege males based on assumed innate differences in physical attributes. Etiquette norms in this era were compared to those found in the early 21 st century (2000-10s), through content analysis of online forums/blogs for recreational and elite-level MDT. It was found that while gendered tactics related to court positioning and playing roles were sustained, an important shift in etiquette norms related to chivalry occurred, but was not comprehensively accepted among all players. This development was attributed to third-wave feminist challenges to male chivalry, alongside the burgeoning " crisis of masculinity " that increasingly pushed men toward adopting a " hybridized masculinity " to assuage public critiques of hegemonic/orthodox masculinity in sport.

Background Patient misunderstanding of instructions on prescription drug labels is common and a likely cause of medication error and less effective treatment. Objective To test whether the use of more explicit language to describe dose and frequency of use for prescribed drugs could improve comprehension, especially among patients with limited literacy. Design Cross-sectional study using in-person, structured interviews. Patients Three hundred and fifty-nine adults waiting for an appointment in two hospital-based primary care clinics and one federally qualified health center in Shreveport, Louisiana; Chicago, Illinois; and New York, New York, respectively. Measurement Correct understanding of each of ten label instructions as determined by a blinded panel review of patients’ verbatim responses. Results Patient understanding of prescription label instructions ranged from 53% for the least understood to 89% for the most commonly understood label. Patients were significantly more likely to understand instructions with explicit times periods (i.e., morning) or precise times of day compared to instructions stating times per day (i.e., twice) or hourly intervals (89%, 77%, 61%, and 53%, respectively, p  Conclusions Use of precise wording on prescription drug label instructions can improve patient comprehension. However, patients with limited literacy were more likely to misinterpret instructions despite use of more explicit language.

Cyber etiquette is the positive behavioural or attitude of digital technology users. Here an attempt has been made to construct a cyber-etiquette scale that helps in measuring the level of ethical practices in cyberspace among prospective teachers.

This article is an attempt to compare Polish and Georgian language of courtesy illus- trated with the example of greetings. The mentioned formulas are an excellent material for this type of analysis due to the commonness of their usage. The work focuses mainly on the interpretation of the most commonly used locutions. It points to the problems that may be encountered by their users while in mutual interactions, all the more since in the studied languages there are significant differences conditioned historically and culturally, which was attempted to be shown in this study.
***
Artykuł jest próbą porównania języka polskiego i gruzińskiego z uprzejmością ilustrowaną przykładem pozdrowień. Wymienione wzory są doskonałym materiałem do tego typu analiz ze względu na powszechność ich stosowania. Praca skupia się głównie na interpretacji najczęściej używanych lokacji. Wskazuje na problemy, jakie mogą napotkać ich użytkownicy we wzajemnych interakcjach, tym bardziej, że w badanych językach występują istotne różnice uwarunkowane historycznie i kulturowo, co starano się wykazać w niniejszej pracy.