Oral History and Documentary

This article proposes a movement between two sorts of dependency in the secretive bonds of violent men. The first forges an interdependent set of relations between mafia men, independent of the state; the second arises as a dependency of these former mafiosi on the state in order to break the interdependencies that formerly made them as mafia men. In this ethnographic and oral history narrative, we first witness a dyadic, homosocial relation between two violent men that forges a masculinised interdependence binding the protagonists of this story together as they share a secret. We then encounter the break-up of this interdependency amid local moral outrage over betrayal and violence, and its substitution by a strong dependence on the state. Through a microsociology that delves into a history of relations, the article thus shows how the subjects of this story shift from one set of dependencies to another. The essay critically revisits discussions of dependency, especially on the state, underscoring the missing element of dependency in the making and breaking of bonds in a secretive male brotherhood.

Michelangelo believed that a piece of marble already contained a work of art – his role was to liberate what was inherent. But the majesty, grace and beauty he saw in the stone that became David remained invisible to sculptors who had previously tackled it. In a similar way, the interview can be all or nothing to writers, journalists and oral historians. A person sits across a table, with stories to tell, ideas to impart, facts to confirm or deny, perhaps a lifetime of emotions to convey – but our ability to perceive who is before us, and to engage with what we are hearing, will critically affect what ensues

These voices of utopia, inseparable from the experience of dislocation, are a unique contribution to the literature of testimony. With her cycle Svetlana Alexievich has established herself as the first major postcolonial author of post-Communism: the daughter of a Ukrainian and Belarusian who uses the Russian language – the only language in which she is completely fluent – to collect and present, from her own subaltern perspective, subaltern accounts of the traumas inflicted by empire.

Engaging with recent scholarship concerning ethics in practical documentary filmmaking, this research paper explores one filmmaker's navigation of issues of consent and representation in their documentary project. The object of my case study is Bing Liu's MINDING THE GAP (Kartemquin Pictures, 2018).

Following Patricia Aufderheide et al (2009) I discuss ethics in documentary filmmaking as something to be approached situationally, according to the specific context and circumstances of the documentary project.

"There is no code of conduct, no set of ethical standards that governs all documentary filmmaking [...] The true test is in the particulars, and every filmmaking effort and every viewing experience will bring a distinct set of circumstances to bear."
—Bill Nichols, Speaking Truths with Film

On St. Louis' near north side, shaped out of the old DeSoto Carr neighborhood and fueled by mid-century theories of modernism in politics and architecture, there came and went something called Pruitt-Igoe. The name itself has never failed to signify-as the mid-20 th century example above all others in America of high hopes and failed design and as a gathering place of all the maledictions of poverty. Michael Allen, a St. Louis architectural historian, calls it "the site of the death of public housing in the United States.

"Megaleh Temirin (Revealer of Secrets), ed. Jonatan Meir, Three volumes, Mosad Bialik, Jerusalem

Megaleh Temirin (Revealer of Secrets), first published in Vienna in 1819, is one of the sharpest and wittiest pieces of Jewish literature written in the first half of the nineteenth century, and is perhaps the most important piece of Hebrew prose composed before the stories of Mendele Mocher Seforim. A sly and complex story deriding Hasidism and Hasidim, it is told through the correspondence between the beadles of Hasidic courts and contemporary rabbis, and it presents a dark picture of  avaricious frauds and swindlers whose main concern was control over territory and the souls of believers, a goal achieved by beguiling the authorities and attacking all opponents. Perl lends his book a ‘Hasidic’ feel both in its physical design and in its language, presenting a Maskilic version of In Praise of the Ba’al Shem Tov that lays Hasidism bare so that no reader will ever be able to look at that, or any other Hasidic book, in the same way again. In addition to the book’s satiric sting, which would have been enough to bring its readers a dual pleasure, Perl’s hints at contemporary people and places, hidden within anagrams and numerological tricks. With the unraveling of these clues, which also include the use of actual Hasidic sources, the book is a valuable, contemporary view of historical reality. A meticulous reading of the book may therefore open a window on the hidden worlds of Hasidism and the Haskalah at the start of the nineteenth century.


The first volume (Imagined Hasidism) serves as an introduction to the complex satirical writings of Josef Perl of Tarnopol (1773-1839). At the center of the book stands an analysis of the satires, Megaleh Temirin (1819) and Bochen Tzadik (1838), including a systematic treatment of the ‘characters’ in the central works and a discussion of the dozens of manuscripts to be found in the Perl Archive in Jerusalem. Perl’s writings are analyzed here in the fuller context of Hebrew and Yiddish literature in general and Maskilic and Hasidic literature in particular, as well as other polemical writings and governmental records critical of Hasidism. The study thus presents a complex and nuanced picture of the relationship between literature and history, between the anti-Hasidic reports and the more complicated historical reality, and lays the groundwork for further research into the genre of nineteenth-century Maskilic satire.

The second and third volumes (Megaleh Temirin) present for the first time an annotated edition of Megaleh Temirin. It is based on the first edition and the scattered manuscripts and it includes a comparison to its Yiddish translation. The book is accompanied by appendices on its origins and contents, including fundamental treatments of several passages: an explication of the encoded names, the Hasidic sources used by the author, and the variants found in the manuscripts and in the only edition of the book in Yiddish.

The editor of the book, Professor Jonatan Meir, teaches in the Goldstein-Goren Department of Jewish Thought at Ben-Gurion University. He has published several articles on the Haskalah of Eastern Europe, Hasidism, and a number of varied topics in twentieth-century Kabbalah.


Contents

Volume 1  - Critical Edition

Concerning this edition
Key personalities
Sefer Megale Temirin – Critical Edition


Volume 2 - Appendixes:
1. Glossary, Abbreviations, Acronyms
2. Explanation of the Speaking Names
3. Perl’s Hasidic Sources
4. Manuscripts of Sefer Megale Temirin
5. Yiddish Introduction to Sefer Megale Temirin
Bibliographic Abbreviations

-------------------------------
Reviews:
(1) Dan Meron, 2013, ‘Megaleh Temirin’, Kivunim Hadashim 29, 55 pages (Hebrew)
(2) David Assaf, 2014, ‘Hasidim will not Read it but Tear it’, Haaretz, Tarbut ve-Sifrut, p .6 (Hebrew) http://onegshabbat.blogspot.co.il/2014/04/blog-post_18.html
(3) Eliezer Brodt, 2014, 'New book Announcement- Megale Temirin', The Seforim Blog http://seforim.blogspot.co.il/2014/01/new-book-announcement-megale-temirin.html
(4) Matan Hermoni, 2014,  הסבתא המופקרת של הספרות העבריתHaaretz, Sfarim (Hebrew) http://www.haaretz.co.il/.premium-1.2382365
(5) Shinichi Yamamoto, 2015, 山本　伸一, "ヨナタン・メイール編著『想像のハシディズム』", ユダヤ・イスラエル研究　第28号  http://www.waseda.jp/assoc-jsjs/jistudies.html
(6) David Biale and David Assaf,, 2015, 'Revealer Revealed', Jewish Review of Books, pp. 17-21  http://jewishreviewofbooks.com/articles/1454/revealer-revealed/
(7) Hillel Halkin, 2015, "Sex, Magic, Bigotry, Corruption- and the First Hebrew Novel', Mosaic Magazine,  http://mosaicmagazine.com/observation/2015/05/sex-magic-bigotry-corruption-and-the-first-hebrew-novel/
(8) Tomer Persico, 2015, "Interview", Lula'at haEl Blog, http://tomerpersico.com/2015/08/10/meir_perl/

This paper examines the endeavour to identify fundamental characteristics of all documentary work regardless of the form it takes. Each chapter of this paper describes a different step in the evolution of research project to documentary installation work and is chronologically organized to reflect this process. This paper not only sets forth fundamental requirements of a documentary work as supported by various scholarship on a multitude of documentary forms, but also outlines the process of translating the fundamental requirements and relative supporting scholarship into a physical documentary installation work.

By and large, architectural historians use texts, drawings, and photographs to craft their narratives. Oral testimony from those who actually occupy or construct buildings is rarely taken as seriously. Speaking of Buildings offers a rebuttal, theorizing the radical potential of a methodology that has historically been cast as unreliable. Essays by an international group of scholars look at varied topics, from the role of gossip in undermining masculine narratives in architecture to workers' accounts of building with cement in midcentury London to a sound art piece created by oral testimonies from Los Angeles public housing residents. In sum, the authors call for a renewed form of listening to enrich our understanding of what buildings are, what they do, and what they mean to people.

The revolution of sound recording, synthesis and transformation (commenced in 1948 with concrete music and in 1950 with electronic music), followed by the birth of computer music (since 1957), caused the natural emergence of a new professional profile – someone who can work in the phase of researching, writing, creating new instruments, recording and/or performing live during concerts. From the early days, laboratories and electronic music studios have involved the presence of different individuals with diverse but intertwined competencies. This is true for the Milan, Cologne, Paris and San Francisco centres during the first analogue generation; this has continued with the digital revolution (at CCRMA in Stanford and other centres in the United States, in France, Italy, Great Britain, Germany, East Asia, to name a few). Although books and essays dedicated to the history of Computer Music do agree, in principle, on the interdisciplinary nature of this music and the importance of collaboration, and the field of music collaboration starts at last being investigated, the existence of the musical assitant has been often unreasonably neglected. In both the musical score and the program notes, or in written sources (a least in the published ones), his/her presence remains hidden most of the time, and literature on the collaboration composer/musical assistant is scattered. In this chapter I report findings from a study based on primary and secondary sources and administrative documents, conserved at three computer music centres: the IRCAM (Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique) in Paris, the CCRMA (Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics) at Stanford University and the CSC (Centro di Sonologia Computazionale) in Padova. The analysis examines two points: 1) institutionalisation and recognition: I would investigate the presence (or absence or understatement, as the case may be) of an express concern for the theme of collaboration and the role of the musical assistant; 2) the presence of passages inside the sources, describing the ways in which this collaboration was undertaken between musical assistants and composers. My study covers the technological historical period which runs from the early computer programs until the first real time experiments. It is intended to enlighen the hidden art-science collaboration, the emergence of a profession, the traces remaining from the habitually wordless communication between a composer and an assistant, in the early era of computer music. It introduces questions about cooperation and the way it could induce dilemmas when considering authorship. The choice of these three centres is motivated by the close historical, musical, organisational, scientific and technological connections, and by the numerous technical, cultural and scientific exchanges between the three.

Ս. Շ. Առաքելյան, Թ. Լ. Հայրապետյան, Գ. Է. Մելիքյան, Ա. Ս. Կիրակոսյան // Սյունիքի բանահյուսությունը, ՀՀ ԳԱԱ Հնագիտության և ազգագրության ինստիտուտ, Երևան, ՀԱԻ հրատ. 2020, ISBN 978-9939-886-09-1, 383 էջ: Arakelyan Siranush, Hayrapetyan Tamar (scientific supervisor), Melikyan Gohar, Kirakosyan Alina // Folklore of Syunik, The folklore collection, ISBN 978-9939-886-09-1, Publishing of Institute of Arceology and Ethnography of the NAS RA, Yerevan, 2020, 384 p.  https://www.iae.am/hy/database/1009

The central area of research for this thesis concerns the most effective techniques for practitioners developing and delivering facilitated participatory media projects for the internet within an institutional setting.
Through the development and delivery of a web-based, participatory documentary Big Stories, Small Towns, this study explored the complexity of relationships that underlie media participation within public screen institutions such as national broadcasters and screen culture agencies. This involves key principles of trust, power, motivation, access and agency to assist practitioners in managing participatory processes in media practice.
The project’s main public presentation can be viewed online at www.bigstories.com.au.
This exegesis examines a tradition of documentary production underpinned by participatory practices. The exegesis examines methodologies informed by theories of critical practice to discuss the Big Stories project in the context of the wider literature drawn from media studies, communication for development, visual anthropology and cultural studies. The study explores participatory media activity and identifies examples that have influenced the Big Stories project.

Sahaflar Çarşısı tarihi üzerine kalem oynatan çoğu müellifin üzerinde amentü gibi birleştiği ortak yazım bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı yerel tarih çalışmalarının aslî özelliği olan “genel tarihin molozlarıyla” yeni bir yazıma gitmektir. Yerel tarih çalışmalarının bir diğer özelliği olan “mekânsal sınırlarda kalabilmek” çalışmamız için geçerlidir Aynı zamanda kentin en işlek ve en kültürel yerlerinden birindeki değişimin nedenleri birçok yerde ve disiplinde aranmadan bulunabilecek durumda değildir. Hülasa tek başına yetersiz kalan mekân unsuru yerel tarihte “insanla” bir araya gelmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda çarşıya sosyo-kültürel bir mahiyet kazandıran Beyazıt’ın kent yaşamındaki yeri ve gelişimi aktarılarak günümüzdeki durumu verilmiş, ardından sahaflarda eski müelliflerin özlem duyduğu şeyler irdelenerek çarşının kültürel, mekânsal ve sosyal değişimi çeşitli açılardan ele alınmıştır. 
Çalışmamızda yerel tarih sözlü tarihle birleştirilerek değişimin tanıklarınca nasıl yorumlandığı aktarılarak kıyas ve analiz edilecektir. Bu “tanıklı ve insanlı” tarih yazımında, yerel ve sözlü tarih genel tarihle hemhal olacak şekilde verilecektir. Çalışma sürecinde görüşülen isimler İstanbul Sahhaflar Çarşısı Derneği Başkanı Adil Sarmusak, dört kuşak boyunca çarşı eşrafından olan bir ailenin günümüzdeki üyelerinden Türkmen Kitabevi’nin sahibi kitap satıcısı ve yayıncısı Mustafa Türkmenoğlu, çeyrek asır çarşıda bulunmuş günümüz Beyoğlu sahaflarından Halil Bingöl, çarşıya sonradan eklenen dükkânlardan olan Sultan Kitabevi’nde dini kitaplar satan ve çarşı geçmişine haiz bir kişi olan Fuat Sulay ve çarşı girişinde işportacılık yapan Hasan Özkaynak’tır. Çalışma sürecinde kayıt alınan tüm görüşmeler Fatih merkezli Bilim ve Sanat Vakfı’nın (BİSAV) Sözlü Tarih Araştırmaları Veritabanı’nda (www.sozlutarih.org.tr) DSpace üzerinden arşivlenmiştir. Ayrıca Beyazıt civarındaki değişim, üniversitenin çarşıyla olan ilişkileri ve İstanbul sahaflarını konuşmak üzere İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Bilim Tarihi ABD Başkanı Prof. Dr. Feza Günergun ve İstanbul sahaflarını iyi bilen bir isim olan emekli hekim Şeref Etker’le kayıt alınmayan bir görüşme gerçekleştirilerek sorular yöneltildi. Çalışma sürecinde yerel tarih çalışmalarında yaşanabilecek sorunlara da rast gelindi.

Öz:

Sözlü tarih, milletlerin tarih yazımına katkıda bulunan en önemli yöntemlerden biridir. Bu yöntem, bir disiplin olarak ilk defa 1948 yılında Kolombiya Üniversitesi’nde kurumsallaşmaya başlamıştır. Günümüzde tarih, antropoloji, eğitim, halk bilimi, iletişim, mimarlık, müzik, radyo ve televizyon, siyasal bilimler, spor, sosyoloji gibi çeşitli alanlarda bir veri toplama aracı ve öğretim yöntemi olarak kullanılmıştır. Ancak Türkiye’de bu alan, 1990’lı yıllarda Tarih Vakfı’nın girişimleriyle tanınmıştır. Özellikle 2005 yılından sonra çeşitli disiplinlerdeki araştırmalarda kullanımı artış göstermiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, sözlü tarihle ilgili dünyada ve Türkiye’de yapılmış çalışmaları, sistematik olarak sunmaktır. Araştırmada doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada incelenen kaynaklar, Türkçe ve İngilizce dilleriyle sınırlıdır. Araştırma sonuçları, dünyada sözlü tarihle ilgili yapılan çalışmaların çok çeşitli alanları kapsadığını göstermektedir. Bu kapsamda 139 İngilizce kitap ya da kitap bölümü ile 66 makalenin detayları sunulmuştur. Bununla birlikte Türkiye'de sözlü tarihle ilgili yapılmış 100 kitap veya kitap bölümü, 55 makale ve 215 tez çalışmasının künyesine değinilmiştir. Bu olumlu gelişmelere rağmen hâlâ sözlü tarih konusunda detaylı rehber kitaplara ihtiyaç olduğunu söylemek mümkündür.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Sözlü Tarih, Tarih Yazımı, Yerel Tarih, Bibliyografya, Hafıza Çalışmaları

Abstract:
Oral history is one of the most important methods that contribute to the historiography of nations. This method first started to be institutionalized as a discipline at Columbia University in 1948. Nowadays, it has been used as a data collection tool and teaching method in fields such as history, anthropology, education, folklore, communication, architecture, music, radio and television, political sciences, sports and sociology. Oral history began to be recognized with the attempts of the Tarih Vakfı in Turkey in the 1990s. Particularly after 2005, the use of this method has shown a great interest in the researches of different disciplines. The purpose of this research is to present the studies executed in the world and in Turkey regarding oral history systematically. The document analysis method is used in this study. Sources of the research are limited with Turkish and English languages. The results of this research have shown that oral history studies include many various disciplines all around the world. Within this framework, detailed information was given about 139 English books or book chapters and 66 articles. In addition, the imprints of 100 books or book chapters, 55 articles, and 215 dissertations, which were prepared about oral history in Turkey, are mentioned. In spite of these positive developments, it is still possible to say that detailed oral history guidebooks are needed.

Keywords: Oral History, Historiography, Local History, Bibliography, Memory Studies

My doctoral dissertation examines the experiences of the Italian volunteers in the Waffen-SS troops using in-depth interviews with former volunteers as the main primary source. This phenomenon, even if significant in size (depending on the source, some 15 000-20 000 Italian men volunteered in the Waffen-SS), has been hitherto largely unknown to historical research. The available literature on the Italian volunteers, mainly written by military history enthusiast journalists and methodologically weak, concentrates mainly on the combat operations and military organization, and offers a rather stereotypical profile of the volunteers.

My dissertation does not aim to reconstruct the military history of the different divisions of the Waffen-SS in which Italian volunteers operated but instead to examine the subjective, private and intimate experience of the volunteers in order to understand the motivations, attitudes, beliefs and cultural and family background, as well as their political ideas. The main objective of my doctoral dissertation is to discover the ideological precepts of the volunteers’ political credo. As the last phase of fascism and its ideology, often defined as the “Germanisation” or “Nazification” of fascism, is still the object of wide academic debate, a better understanding of the volunteers’ ideology also contributes to deepening overall knowledge of the nature of this last phase.

The theoretical frame of my dissertation lies in oral history, in particular in the postmodernist approach to oral history, through which I reconstruct the volunteers’ ideology. In-depth interviews with former volunteers are the main primary source, but multiple data collection methods have been adopted. Phone interviews and correspondence with the volunteers have also been considered as primary sources. In addition to interviews and correspondence, family archives consisting of diaries, correspondence with the volunteers’ relatives and photographic material have also been collected and examined. An ethnographic observation of the volunteers’ domestic spaces has been conducted during the in-depth interviews, and photo self-elicitation techniques have been used in cases where the volunteers were willing to share their photographs.

An exhaustive portrait of the ideological structure of the volunteers has been obtained, as well as of the cultural and social origins of the values that contributed to the rise and adoption of this ideology. Further, the volunteers’ motivations to enlist have been clearly reconstructed, together with their cultural, political, social and military backgrounds. The results of the research are particularly relevant both for comprehension of the Italian phenomenon of volunteering in the Waffen-SS and for the reconstruction of the ideological dynamics of the last phase of fascism. The volunteers’ political and ideological system, which can be defined as the Italian SS-fascist ideology, disagrees strongly with the vaguely described ideological profile offered by previous studies that describe volunteers as generically “super-fascist”. The research also offers the opportunity for a deeper understanding of the final fascist ideological trajectory, currently defined, not without a certain level of approximation, as the “Germanisation” or “Nazification” of fascist ideology.

We started this journey, confused and overwhelmed by the mountain of a task that we had been set. We knew that the end product would be a fantastically inspiring collection of memoirs, yet we had no idea where to start. Knowing that this project was a one of a kind, with such a unique theme made us want to strive to make everything come together perfectly. However we did not realise how much we would want it to work until we were fully immersed in the project.

Our internal motivation fuelled the basis of the journey, but our absorption into the project was inspired by the amazing women we spoke to. Hearing their stories of courage, strength and motivation made us want to ensure that we did justice to those who fought for the justice of their people. If there was ever a point at which we stalled, we knew that we could not stop. These fantastic women had fought for liberation against all odds with their minds, hearts and souls; who were we to get stressed?

But as imagined, we found ourselves stressed. Each member of the team was either working or studying full time whilst pursuing this. Balancing our timetables was never simple but the common goal brought us together. We wanted to present these women to the world exactly as we saw them; truly inspirational. We wanted them to be recognised for every second of work that they had put in for such a worthy cause.

And finally we wanted to ensure that the work of women in such a momentous period as this was not lost in history. For this we are extremely thankful, these women are the cornerstone of this project and we cannot express enough gratitude.
We are also extremely grateful to Dr Dipak Bush, Dr Naim, Karen Buck MP, Dr Renu Lufta and Feroz Khan for their much valued support. These academics and extremely knowledgeable people played a crucial role in supervising and supporting us on this journey.
Our thanks also go to Ansar Ahmed Ullah for being hugely supportive and taking the time to answer our queries at every given opportunity on the way. We are grateful to Mr. Aziz Toki, Director of CLYD for all his support, in keeping our aspirations and enthusiasm elevated by creating a teamwork environment. We also extend our gratefulness to Ms Louisa Lochner, Head teacher of Gateway Primary school for her support as a partner of this project and to Ms Natalie Young, a history teacher who has helped develop supporting study materials.
Our journey would not have been anywhere as smooth as it has been, without these amazing people and their extensive knowledge
Our volunteers have worked hard throughout this project and have been a true pleasure to work with. We are extremely proud of our team and also extremely thankful for their input, they have really helped this book become a reality.
This book would have been a mere idea without the support and contributions of the aforementioned. This has been a fantastic opportunity for each of us to grow and we are extremely happy with how everything has come together. We are genuinely humbled to see where we are now from the daunting moments at which we started. This has been a truly eye opening journey for each one of us and we hope that it can also enlighten you on a journey of your own.

The pre-colonial African society functioned within an organised system whose sustenance was hinged on the unscripted beliefs, values, norms, customs, festivals and traditions unconsciously imbibed and orally transmitted through folktales, proverbs, fables, songs, myth, artefacts,
festivals and rituals. Through these media, heroes were immortalised in traditional societies as their adventures and exploits transcended their immediate existence owing to their communal significance and subsequent glorification. In most cases, the hero would have evinced
impressions of his uniqueness and difference from infancy (Okpewho 89). In the Africa worldview, it is an established truth that the desires of the classical hero are invariably interwoven with those of his society. The mission of the hero may either be signalled with a call from birth or emerge as a personal mission undertaken with a view to forestalling undesirable events (Okpewho 97; Bowra 112). Chukwuma Azuonye describes the hero as a “selfless lamb of sacrifice who submits to suffering or lays down his life in the pursuit of a common cause” (26),
so that he functions as an agent, not acting on his own accord but functioning within the ambits of the society so that his actions align with the dictates of his society. Basically, this informs the heroic essence and more importantly averts any form of excess, since he is capable of being
punished if he runs afoul of social law or violates the requirements of reasonable revenge, even if his aim is to bring benefits to the society. This is further highlighted by Mazisi Kunene who notes “the African heroic conception is [based on] a community that remains all-powerful …We are reminded that the African epic seeks to teach some of the highest values of society and one of these involves the sacred idea of balance” (555-556).

(SPANISH) "Part THREE annex, contains secondary and primary information dealing with documentary research assistance experimental method (For F. Lanchares's director: "impressions form peyote road" and "Words from the edge" documentaries production).
It provides partial fieldwork results, interviews and diaries, on-line key words information research and poems analysis. Significance territory density tables and maps. Exhibition installation and documentary projects."

[ÖZET] Kültürel coğrafyaların biçim kazanmasında önemi haiz bir faktör olarak göç, bu haliyle salt bedenlerin veya işgücünün hareketliliği anlamına gelmemekte; göçmenlerin hareket güzergâhları boyunca ilerleyen bir doğrultuda, toplumsal belleğin taşınmasında bir anahtar vasıta işlevi göstermektedir. Bu haliyle göç, terkedilen topraklardan yola çıkan geçmişe ilişkin algılanımın ve bu algılanımın ürünlerinin, yerleşilecek toprağa taşınması bağlamında bir kültürel hareketlilik kavrayışını da kapsamında barındırmaktadır. Göçlerin yoğun olarak yaşandığı Balkan toprakları, salt belirli bir tarihsel dönemle sınırlı kalmaksızın, göçlerin farklı boyutlarda, farklı hareket rotalarında ve farklı dinamiklere bağlı olarak görüldüğü bir alan olması ölçüsünce ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çerçevede değerlendirildiğinde, Pomak göçleri de özgün bir geçmiş ve özgün bellek ürünleriyle, böylesi bir coğrafyanın karakteristiğini anlayabilmek adına önemli bir parametre sayılmaktadır. Batı Trakya merkezli Pomak göçlerine bir örnek olarak ele alma gayreti göstereceğimiz Çavuşoğlu Ailesi’nin göç hikâyesi, göçün zorluklarına ilişkin anlatıları içermesinin haricinde; Osmanlı dönemine, Yunanistan devlet politikalarına, Yunan İç Savaşı’na ve 1960 yılı itibarıyla başlayan Türkiye’ye yerleşim sürecine ilişkin hatı-ralar barındırması bakımından da çarpıcı bir sözlü tarih kaynağı oluşturmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, aile fertleriyle yapılan –kayıt altına alınmış– sözlü görüşmelerden yansıyan anlatılar ve muhtelif dökümanlar, yazınsal bir bütünlük halinde ilgili çalışmamızın içeriğini oluşturacaktır.

La teoría de la probabilidad se usa extensamente diversas áreas para sacar conclusiones sobre la probabilidad discreta de sucesos potenciales y la mecánica subyacente discreta de sistemas complejos, por lo tanto es la rama de las matemáticas que estudia, mide o determina a los experimentos o fenómenos aleatorios.

Plagiats-Dokumentation zu: Herlo, Bianca: Zwischen individuellem und kollektivem Gedächtnis. Erinnern und Erzählen im biografischen Dokumentarfilm. Bielefeld: transcript 2018. (Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie an der Fakultät Gestaltung der Universität der Künste Berlin)

Indonesia is currently a developing country located in the Asian region, to be precise, Southeast Asia. Various efforts have been made to make Indonesia a developed country. Indonesia has gone through various developments in various fields, both from technology, science and culture. One thing that might develop rapidly is about documentation in Indonesia. Where this is needed for various things to support progress in this country of Indonesia. Documentation can be used as learning material or consideration for doing something in order to achieve state goals. At first documentation did not develop in Indonesia, but gradually we realized that we need such documentation as something that is very important for our lives. As the development of documentation in Indonesia began since the government made Presidential Regulation No. 20 of 1961 which regulates the duties and obligations of library and library documentation work within the government. Until now, where documentation science is often combined with library science.

Mindanao is the Philippine's second largest island in the south. Identifying Mindanao-based documentaries that have development themes remain unknown or unacknowledged. Using Phenomenology as theoretical framework and method, as a result, the researcher found out that similar to other documentary films in other parts of the country and the world, the themes showed by Mindanao-based documentaries reflect  in agriculture, health, women and children, environment and population.
However unlike its other foreign and local counterparts, a number of Mindanao-based documentaries anchor the mentioned development themes under the context of peace and conflict situation, human rights, indigenous peoples and their ancestral domains.

This paper has three overarching aims: to contextualise oral history within larger debates over methods in the social sciences; to highlight the peculiar strengths as well as complexities of oral history as a method; and finally to elucidate some of these methodological issues through insights drawn from analysis of oral histories of two elderly Bengali Muslim women.

A Strange War and The Solitude of the Last Generation of Soviet Veterans

30 years ago, the withdrawal of the Soviet forces from Afghanistan officially concluded the last armed conflict of the Soviet Union, which had begun in 1979 and since then has often been compared to the United States' war in Vietnam. Based on Cold War paradigms in Western historiography, the Soviet strategic intervention in Afghanistan is usually labeled as the symptom of various crises inside the Soviet single party-state leadership in the late '70s, which later escalated into an ill-fated, ten-year-long war. According to many Western textbooks (monographs), the decision to withdraw from Afghanistan was in fact influenced by internal problems, and Gorbachev's new diplomacy is generally seen as a symbol of the fall of the Union's military power. In total more than 14,000 Soviet soldiers died or went missing in the Afghan War. The 18-19-year-old boys (young men) conscripted into the Soviet Army (about 150 soldiers of Hungarian nationality from Zakarpattia among them 1), who spent the most of their military service in Afghanistan, were mentally unprepared for this new type of warfare, which significantly differed from the Great Patriotic War they had learned about in school. The generation of 'Afgantsy' 2 has not yet processed the trauma it went through during the war. This is not surprising given the limitations on the public sphere (even in the late Soviet system) and the general lack of interest from the new political regimes' part, especially in Ukraine, in acknowledging the veterans' heroism or helping them reintegrate into their own community, to the new (-born capitalist) society.

The paper intends to study the figure of the refugee in post-Partition West Bengal by critically examining the oral history narratives of individuals who migrated from East Pakistan in the wake of the 1947 Partition. It underscores the value and relevance of narrativity in the representation of factual history, the motivation and manifestation of which make history subjective, interpretive and contingent on the refugee's narrative. The narrative act presents the refugees' transition from, what may be called, figurative to socio-material subjects who interrupt and derange the nationalising exercise of the nation-state. The multivalent understanding of refugees makes the nation-state suffer from an anxiety of incompleteness (Appadurai 2006). The paper extends the idea of incompleteness by showing that however much the nation-state attempts to frame a particular brand of nationalism, variants of ethnocultural nationalism do exist, demonstrating the diverse subjectivities embodied by the refugees/narrators. Such ethnocultural nationalism can be read as alternative forms of self-assertion deeply etched in the social memory of the refugees.