Proactive

Numerous empirical findings relevant for self-regulation research can be related to functional self-regulation patterns (proactive and defensive) and a dysfunctional pattern (depressive absence of self-regulation efforts). The first two patterns are in accordance with numerous empirical findings coming from the fields of cognitive, social and educational psychology, including concepts such as promotion vs. prevention focus and mastery or learning mode vs. coping or well-being mode. These patterns can be supplemented with a depressive pattern indicating self-defeating cognitions and strategies, absence of motivation and self-regulatory efforts. The empirical part of this study is focused on self-regulated learning and relationships between cognitive beliefs, motivational beliefs and self-regulation strategies. Croatian upper elementary students (N  =  460; age 11–14 years) participated in this investigation. Self-reports were gathered by self-regulated learning components scale. The factor analysis of self-regulation components supported the theoretical distinction between the proactive and defensive self-regulation patterns. The results were interpreted in the context of previous research findings. Further research needs to address the question of specific self-regulation failures (the depressive pattern) in samples that include larger proportion of poorly adapted and under-achieving students.

Projeto sobre "Ser Proativo", abordado no livro "Os 7 hábitos das pessoas altamente eficazes", de Stephen Covey.

No artigo é detalhado as definições e conceitos de uma pessoa proativa, tanto na vida pessoal quanto profissional, seus meios de aplicações e outras referências do livro.

Disciplina: Relações Interpessoais/Unisinos
Professora: Talita Raquel de Oliveira
Autoria do projeto:  Bruno França, Claino Borges, Marcelo Bonamigo, Naiara Dalla Corte e Ruimack Fontana.

Observação importante: o artigo/projeto não se trata do projeto oficial apresentado perante a turma de Relações Interpessoais, portanto, o referido projeto aqui anexado é apenas uma referência e réplica do projeto oficial que tem por objetivo compartilhar com acadêmicos/professores e cia, afim de proporcionar conhecimentos e afins.

P.S: para uma melhor visualização, recomenda-se a fazer o download do documento em formato PDF.

Instagram: @ruimackfontana

Fault tolerance is an important issue in the field of cloud computing which is concerned with the techniques or mechanism needed to enable a system to tolerate the faults that may encounter during its functioning. Fault tolerance policy can be categorized into three categories viz. proactive, reactive and adaptive. Providing a systematic solution the loss can be minimized and guarantee the availability and reliability of the critical services. The purpose and scope of this study is to recommend Support Vector Machine, a supervised machine learning algorithm to proactively monitor the fault so as to increase the availability and reliability by combining the strength of machine learning algorithm with cloud computing.

Bu çalışmanın genel amacı, literatürde yer alan birbiriyle alakalı olduğunu düşündüğümüz
kavramların aralarındaki ilişkileri anlatan bir süreç oluşturmak ve bu süreci yorumlamaktır.
Öncelikle bu çalışmada kullanılan; işletme analizi, çevre analizi, Proaktif ve Reaktif yaklaşımlar,
Entropi- Negatif Entropi ve Rigor Mortis kavramları araştırılmıştır. Bu konular üzerine yazılmış
olan yazınlar incelenmiştir. Literatür destekli olarak bu kavramlar arasındaki ilişkileri gösteren
süreç tarafımızca hazırlanmış ve yorumlanmıştır. Bu süreç içerisinde literatürde yer almayan
“pembe gözlük” ve “net görüş” paradokslarının tanımlaması yapılmıştır.

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile ad hoc networks. It is a developing new technology in which vehicles interchange the information from one vehicle to another vehicle within a network. VANET is responsible for providing an illustrated approach for Intelligent Transport System (ITS). The main use of VANET is to save life and prevent the accidents. This Paper describes a survey of routing protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks. The survey of routing protocols in VANET is significant and essential for smart ITS. The routing protocols are divided into two categories of topology-based and position-based routing for VANETs. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these routing protocols

ÖZ Hata Türü ve Etkileri Analizi (HTEA), Toplam Kalite Yönetimi (TKY) anlayışında yer bulan; "proaktif" nitelikli (hatalar meydana geldikten sonra durumu düzeltmeye çalışmak yerine, onları önlemeyi amaçlayan), uygulanması kolay ve düşük maliyetli bir kalite iyileştirme tekniğidir. Bu çalışma, HTEA'nın sağlık hizmet süreçlerini iyileştirmede nasıl uygulanabileceğini örneklendirmek amacıyla, Ankara'daki bir üniversite hastanesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında Klinik Patoloji Laboratuvarı Tetkik Süreci'nin yeniden planlaması yapılmış; HTEA tekniği yardımıyla bu sürece dair riskler giderilmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında HTEA tekniğinin, süreçteki olası hataları belirlemede ve bunları önlemede yararlı bir araç olabileceği ve teknik yardımıyla hayatî düzeydeki tehlikelerin de azaltılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sağlık, hastane, kalite, HTEA, süreç iyileştirme, proaktif kalite iyileştirme teknikleri Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA): An Application in a University Hospital ABSTRACT Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a proactive, easy-to-use and low-cost quality improvement technique that takes place in modern quality management understanding including Total Quality Management (TQM) approach. It aims the prevention of possible failures rather than trying to fix the situation after they occurred. This study was conducted in a university hospital located in Ankara in order to exemplify how FMEA can be applied in improving healthcare processes. Within the application, examination process of The Laboratory of Clinical Pathology was re-planned and any possible risk was tried to be reduced using FMEA technique. The results indicate that, FMEA may be a useful technique for both detecting and avoiding the possible failures and even reducing the vitally high risks in the processes.

ÖZET Bu çalışmanın amacı, muhasebe meslek mensuplarının proaktif kişilik özelliklerinin UFRS' ye bakış açılarına ve bilgi düzeylerine etkisini, kariyer memnuniyeti üzerinden ölçmektir. Proaktif kişilik yapısına sahip bireyler, iş hayatındaki hedeflere ulaşmak için sürekli kendilerini geliştirir ve bu yönde caba içinde olurlar. Kariyerlerinden memnun olan meslek mensuplarının, mesleki gelişmeleri yakından takip etmeleri ve değişime olumlu bakmaları beklenir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda, proaktif kişilik yapısına sahip olan muhasebe meslek mensuplarının, kariyerlerinden memnun oldukları, kariyer memnuniyeti yüksek olan muhasebe meslek mensuplarının UFRS değerleme ölçülerini bilme düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Proaktif Kişilik, UFRS, Kariyer Memnuniyeti, Muhasebe Meslek Mensubu, Mesleki Bilgi JEL Sınıflandırması: M12, M41 The Effect of Proactive Personality of CPAs on Career Satisfaction, IFRS Perception And Knowledge Level ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to test effect of proactive personality of CPAs on career satisfaction, IFRS perception and knowledge level. In order to achieve their goals in work life, individuals with proactive personality improve themselves continuously and are always in struggle for the improvement. Satisfied members of the profession are expected to follow their professional development closely and perceive improvement positively. As a result of the study, it has been discovered that the accounting members with proactive personality are happy with their career, and has been identified that those highly satisfied members are fully aware of the knowledge of IFRS and have high awareness of valuation measures.

Full paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652621034776

Evidence of the effects of tourism businesses’ strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of the COVID-19 crisis remains remarkably scarce. Drawing on the system resilience framework, this study suggests a model in which corporate social responsibility (CSR) behaviours encompassing five dimensions – community, employees, environment, heritage and products – and co-creation experience mediate the relationships between strategies and performance. Applying partial least squares structural equation modeling to a sample of 199 agritourism businesses in Italy, this study finds that proactive strategies have a positive effect on performance and that this effect is fully mediated by CSR and co-creation experience. Reactive strategies have both a negative direct effect and a positive mediated effect on performance. Hence, the strategies positively affect performance only if they first contribute to the resilience of the local system through CSR behaviours, enhancing the resources needed for tourism experience co-creation. This analysis emphasises the impacts of the community, environmental and heritage dimensions of CSR behaviours.

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are a cluster of self-organizing and self-governing wireless nodes without any backbone infrastructure and centralized administration. The various nodes in MANET move randomly, and this node mobility may pose challenges on the performance of routing protocols. In this paper, an Intra and intergroup performance review of various MANET routing protocols are performed under varying speed of nodes. The routing protocols included in this study are reactive, proactive, and hybrid protocols. This performance review is done using the NS2 simulator and random waypoint model. The routing protocols performance is assessed through standard performance measure metrics including packet delivery ratio, throughput, routing overhead and end to end delivery with varying speed of nodes. The simulations result shows that there is no significant impact of varying speed of nodes on standard performance evaluation metrics. 1. INTRODUCTION With the development of cutting edge technology enabled powerful portable devices and availability of cost effective wireless communication, mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are gaining popularity. MANETs are deploying for different applications ranging from military to natural disaster management. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) connects wireless mobile nodes which have an arbitrary motion which makes the topology unpredictable [1],[2]. It is self-organizing and self-configuring and can be deployed without any wired base stations or infrastructure support. The mobile nodes act as hosts and also as routers to send the data across the networks. A MANET is a collection of free mobile nodes such as laptops, smartphones, tablet PC, etc. It has many characteristics. In MANETs, there is no central server and nodes themselves are responsible for communicating with other nodes to carry out network operations such as on-demand routing[3]. Nodes are free to move anywhere whenever and wherever they want, and they are also free to change their speeds [4]. Therefore, the network topology changes randomly and at uncertain times. Nodes can send messages to other nodes which are not in range or nor directly connected with the help of intermediate nodes [5]. MANET has many advantages. It is scalable as it supports the addition of more mobile nodes in the network. The information can be accessed irrespective of the geographic position of nodes [5]. The use of mobile nodes results in many connection failures. The routing protocols are designed to handle these situations [6]. MANETs are fault tolerant. The main advantage is that the nodes do not need wireless routers to connect to the internet[7].Therefore, it reduces the cost of deploying a router and affordable than a

Disasters could cause communication systems partially or completely down. In such a case, relief operations need a rapidly deployed communication system to save lives. Exchanging information among the rescue team is a vital factor to make important decisions. Communication system required to be robust to failures, rapidly deployable, easily maintainable to provide better services. Wireless ad-hoc networks could be the choice of establishing communication with the aid of existing infrastructure in a post-disaster case. In order to optimize mobile ad-hoc network performance, address the challenges that could lead to unreliable performance is required. One and most crucial key challenge is routing information from a sender to receiver. Due to the characteristics of a disaster environment such as signal attenuation, communication links exist between rescue crew is short-lived, suffer from frequent route breakage, and may result in unreliable end-to-end services. Many routing protocols h...

There are genuine concerns for the right transport connection to be deployed on a particular routing protocol in order to have a reliable, fast and robust communication in spite of the size and the dynamics of the mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) topology. This paper comparatively studies the individual implementation of reactive and proactive protocols on both UDP and TCP transport connection using packet delivery ratio (PDR), throughput, end to end delay and delay variation (jitter) as quality of service (QoS) metrics. We studied the combination of both the transport connection and routing protocol that will deliver the best QoS in simple and complex network scenarios with source and destination nodes fixed and the intermediate nodes randomly moving throughout the simulation time. More so, the intrinsic characteristics of the routing protocols regarding the QoS metrics and transport connection are studied. Forty simulations were run for simple and complex multi-hop network models and the results were analyzed and presented.

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are collection of wireless mobile nodes. MANETs are infrastructure less temporary networks. They do not have fixed static infrastructure. As no fixed infrastructure is available all nodes itself, work as receiver, transmitter as well as router. These nodes are also mobile so providing stable route is a big challenge. We have different approaches to find route in MANETs and all approaches use some protocols. This paper concentrates upon the analysis of two Mobile Ad Hoc Networking protocols. Ad hoc On demand Distance-Vector (AODV) and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV). DSDV uses proactive or table driven approach to route the data whereas AODV is a reactive protocol and uses on demand routing. Main target of this paper is to highlight different aspect of both protocols and compare them. So, one can decide which protocol is better suited to their needs. Anurag Misra"Comparative Analysis of AODV and DSDV Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Ho...

This article is published in the catalog of the exhibition “Extremes” marking ten years since the first exhibition at the Holon Design Museum.

Ten years have passed since the publication of my article “Design - An Open Code Discourse” in the catalog of the exhibition “The State of Things: Design and the 21st century” (2010) – a decade marked by fundamental changes in the understanding of design as a concept, process, and product. I raised at the time concerns about the definition of “design”.
An examination of the current exhibition reveals a changing world that exists in a state of continuous flux. The central questions arising today:
• Where do designers acquire the knowledge and intuitions that shape their vision?
• How do they form an understanding of the existing reality and of the one they wish to create?
• Do the answers to these questions lead to changes in the understanding of Design, its processes, and its products?
This article seeks to explore the relationship between two different fields:
• Anthropology - which is concerned with observing various cultural, social and material realities and presenting the ensuing discoveries.
• Design – which is concerned with the creation of reality and the realization of what has been imagined.
In this context, I will present Formative Inquiry as an action that bridges the gap between an anthropological understanding of reality and the design processes and products that shape it. I will show how Anthropology and Design, in their most encompassing and deepest sense, come together to shape our lives and our world.  Moreover, I will argue for the possibility of a designer/anthropologist as a proactive agent who is involved in the design of the environment, society, and culture.

There is a superficial conflict but a deep similarity between science and non-theistic religions, but a superficial similarity and a deep conflict between science and theistic religion. The real "war" that is splitting this world is contained in two small sentences, and shows how tremendous forces are still struggling for world domination.

Mobile Ad hoc Network is an infrastructure-less self-configuring network of nodes. Each node of this type of network can move independently in any direction and will change its links to other devices frequently. To communicate to one node to another one each node can act as both host as well as router at the same time and perform all the routing and state maintenance operations. Due to frequently topology changes routing have always been one of key challenges in Mobile Ad hoc Networks and become more difficult when network size increases. In this paper we survey some multipath proactive routing protocols for Mobile Ad hoc networks also compare the performance of each one.

Bangladesh is one of the youngest countries in the world with more than half of its population being under the age of 25. The nation is in the transition period towards becoming a middle income country by the year 2021. To develop an entrepreneurship- based economy and sustain its continuous growth, university graduates can play a crucial role. At present, more than two third of the business graduates are going to the job marketsfrom the private universities of Bangladesh. They are the importantsegment for the future growth and development of the country. It is opined that if the business graduates are properly educated for entrepreneurship development it would have a positive impact on the economic development of Bangladesh. Hence, this study aims at identifying the psychological perspective of entrepreneurial intensions among the business graduates of private universities in Bangladesh. This study was conducted among 205 business graduates of ten private universities of Bangladesh. The data were collected through surveying business graduates of private universities of Bangladesh with the help of a structured questionnaire which was developed through literature review. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Multivariate analysis technique like exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify the psychological factors relating to the entrepreneurial intensions of the business graduates of private universities of Bangladesh. Confirmatory analysis confirmed five psychological factors such as, challenge taking attitude, proactive nature, confidence in decision making, quest for excellence, and exposure orientation of the graduates. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was performed to identify the relationships between the overall entrepreneurial intention and the psychological factorsfor entrepreneurial intension. Resultsshow that Bangladeshi business graduates are proactive, they feel quest for excellence and they have exposure orientation which can make them entrepreneurs. However, they have lacks in challenge taking attitude and confidence in decision making. This study suggests that the policymakers of the country should give importance on the concerned issues in designing the educational and other policies in this regard.

— A Mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) consists of mobile nodes, a router with multiple hosts and wireless communication devices. Mobile Adhoc Networks can operate without any fixed infrastructure and can survive rapid changes in the network topology. Link failure and route failure takes place. Provisioning of QoS is a problem in MANETs. TORA is the only protocol which supports either Proactive or Reactive modes in routing. In this paper, we incorporated the ANFIS to the existing TORA to enhance the performance. Evaluating the performance of ANFIS-TORA is the simulation by using OPNET MODELLER. Evaluating the relative performance with respect to performance metrics are Throughput, End-to-End delay, and Network Load. We generate various simulation scenarios with varying network size such as small, medium and large. In this paper, ANFIS based TORA for MANETs are considered and their performance was analyzed for different network size. From the simulation results, we conclude that ANFIS based TORA outperforms for small medium and large network. Throughput was increased by 48.27% in small network, 61.29% in medium network and 8.29% in the large network in Reactive mode. In Proactive, the throughput is increased by 103.46% in small network, 4.58% in medium network and 5.05% in large network.

The HIV epidemic in Papua has widespread throughout
the population (generalized epidemic) and this province is the
highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Indonesia. The magnitude of
this problem has grown to become an issue of omission and
extinction of native Papuans. This study was conducted using a
mixed qualitative and quantitative namely Grounded Theory and
Experimental. This research has generated a new theory of
“Proactive Health Seeking Behavior “which developed based on
the local situation in the tribal Mee in Paniai, Papua's Central
Highlands. This is a study of health behaviors associated with
social culture. The resulting propositions are including; 1. Health
Behavior Change can occur quickly through a proactive approach
that bridges between Health Care Providers ( Provider ) and
Beneficiary Health Care ( Recipient ); 2. Health Behavior
Change can happen quickly if the desire and attitude of Providers
and Recipients can be fused through socio-cultural approach and
constant efforts ; 3. Changes in proactive health seeking behavior
is driven by leader attitudes , issues , facts , local wisdom , and
health provider attitudes, while recipients driven come from
knowledge, values and norms, mandatory check, care and
support perceived society / stakeholders; 4. The stronger the
impulse factors proactive from providers and recipients, the
faster the change or acceleration of health development can
occur. The quantitative study, before the intervention and after
the intervention showed significant increases occurred on
average per month is conducted examination of the coverage of
HIV by 53 -fold. Total coverage in the year 2013 amounted to
2001 people and 160 people reactive cases. The proportion of
cases of reactive (positive) HIV / AIDS as much as 8 %,
indicating approximately 3 times higher HIV prevalence than
data in Papua based Integrated HIV and behavior survey (STHP)
in 2006. This research was carried out at Tribal Mee in Pania,
Central Mountains of Papua with a strong culture, so it is
suggested further research is the application of the theory of the
other tribes and other diverse populations and in urban areas.

Title: To determine the increase in pro-activity in people with a wide range of
medical conditions following the Health Commons/Smart Patient participatory methodology.
Aim: to discover the preconditions required for readiness to undertake a
health journey; to determine the impact of change in sentiment, motivation
and confidence on patient pro-activity, and to correlate any findings with increased health outcomes, and to discover what resources were of most value to the journey.

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are a cluster of self-organizing and self-governing wireless nodes without any backbone infrastructure and centralized administration. The various nodes in MANET move randomly, and this node mobility may pose challenges on the performance of routing protocols. In this paper, an Intra and intergroup performance review of various MANET routing protocols are performed under varying speed of nodes. The routing protocols included in this study are reactive, proactive, and hybrid protocols. This performance review is done using the NS2 simulator and random waypoint model. The routing protocols performance is assessed through standard performance measure metrics including packet delivery ratio, throughput, routing overhead and end to end delivery with varying speed of nodes. The simulations result shows that there is no significant impact of varying speed of nodes on standard performance evaluation metrics. 1. INTRODUCTION With the development of cutting edg...

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are a cluster of self-organizing and self-governing wireless nodes without any backbone infrastructure and centralized administration. The various nodes in MANET move randomly, and this node mobility may pose challenges on the performance of routing protocols.  In this paper, an Intra and intergroup performance review of various MANET routing protocols are performed under varying speed of nodes. The routing protocols included in this study are reactive, proactive, and hybrid protocols. This performance review is done using the NS2 simulator and random waypoint model. The routing protocols performance is assessed through standard performance measure metrics including packet delivery ratio, throughput, routing overhead and end to end delivery with varying speed of nodes. The simulations result shows that there is no significant impact of varying speed of nodes on standard performance evaluation metrics.

The characteristics of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) allows to call it as self- governing system of nodes in mobility and such mobile nodes are connected by wireless links. The MANET comes under class of wireless networks, particularly under infrastructure-less category. In MANET, the node acts as a termination system, also as an intermediate node and packet being forwarded by such node popularly called as router. The MANET nodes are in mobility therefore they change their locations. The node are enough capable to organize within them in turn changes happen dynamically for the current topology in which the node are. The major concern with respect to MANET nodes is, forming an optimum level and ideally an efficient route between any two parties wish to participate in exchange packets. It is the principal worry of the protocols related to the routing mechanism in MANET

Bangladesh is one of the youngest countries in the world with more than half of its population being under the age of 25. The nation is in the transition period towards becoming a middle income country by the year 2021. To develop an entrepreneurshipbased economy and sustain its continuous growth, university graduates can play a crucial role. At present, more than two third of the business graduates are going to the job markets from the private universities of Bangladesh. They are the important segment for the future growth and development of the country. It is opined that if the business graduates are properly educated for entrepreneurship development it would have a positive impact on the economic development of Bangladesh. Hence, this study aims at identifying the psychological perspective of entrepreneurial intensions among the business graduates of private universities in Bangladesh. This study was conducted among 205 business graduates of ten private universities of Bangladesh. The data were collected through surveying business graduates of private universities of Bangladesh with the help of a structured questionnaire which was developed through literature review. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Multivariate analysis technique like exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify the psychological factors relating to the entrepreneurial intensions of the business graduates of private universities of Bangladesh. Confirmatory analysis confirmed five psychological factors such as, challenge taking attitude, proactive nature, confidence in decision making, quest for excellence, and exposure orientation of the graduates. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was performed to identify the relationships between the overall entrepreneurial intention and the psychological factors for entrepreneurial intension. Results show that Bangladeshi business graduates are proactive, they feel quest for excellence and they have exposure orientation which can make them entrepreneurs. However, they have lacks in challenge taking attitude and confidence in decision making. This study suggests that the policymakers of the country should give importance on the concerned issues in designing the educational and other policies in this regard.

"Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are collection of wireless mobile nodes. MANETs are infrastructure less temporary networks. They do not have fixed static infrastructure. As no fixed infrastructure is available all nodes itself, work as receiver, transmitter as well as router. These nodes are also mobile so providing stable route is a big challenge. We have different approaches to find route in MANETs and all approaches use some protocols. This paper concentrates upon the analysis of two Mobile Ad Hoc Networking protocols. Ad hoc On demand Distance-Vector (AODV) and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV). DSDV uses proactive or table driven approach to route the data whereas AODV is a reactive protocol and uses on demand routing. Main target of this paper is to highlight different aspect of both protocols and compare them. So, one can decide which protocol is better suited to their needs. Anurag Misra""Comparative Analysis of AODV and DSDV Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd158.pdf
Article URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/158/comparative-analysis-of-aodv-and-dsdv-routing-protocols-for-mobile-ad-hoc-networks/anurag-misra"

A typical grid application needs requirements in terms of memory, software and so on. Scheduling those applications and giving the results back to the client is the prime goal. In this paper, the scheduling algorithm is proposed for assigning jobs to the physical resources. When the software requirements of the application are not satisfied by the physical resource, the jobs are scheduled to a virtual machine. This virtual machine is created such that it satisfies the requirements of the job. This is the hybrid approach of scheduling proposed in this paper. The algorithm allocates dynamic priority to the jobs based on execution time and deadline and classifies them into multi-queues based on priority allocated. The bipartite graph is used for resource matching which gives the best resource match and reduces the conflicts between jobs for a particular resource. The approach in this paper is different as the dynamic user defined virtual environment is created only when there is no such physical environment already available. The reliability of the system is improved by proactive failure detection and RPC fault tolerance mechanism. The proposed system handles four categories of faults. Load balancing is also achieved through receiver initiated strategy.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among students' disruptive and violent behavior and staff's use of proactive and reactive strategies in a secure residential treatment center serving delinquent adolescent males. One hundred hours of observational data were collected, and linear regression models were used to explore the degree to which students' behavior and staff's behavior predict violence. Results indicate that a moderate to strong relationship exists between students' disruptive and violent behavior, although these relationships vary across settings within the facility. Data suggest that these locations differ in staff coverage, staff's use of proactive strategies, focal activity, and behavioral expectations, thus accounting for differences in the strengths of the relationships. Further analyses reveal that regardless of location, students' disruptive behavior is the best predictor of students' violent behavior.

The routing efficiency in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) suffers from frequent battery drains, mobility and large variation of received signal strength. Thus, nodes and links in MANETs become more vulnerable and unstable. Multicast routing in MANETs for group communication requires establishment of reliable links between neighbouring nodes called as reliability pair beginning from the source and extending such reliability pairs enroute to the destination. If there are multiple paths from source to every multicast destination, the reliability of source information may be enhanced by sending higher priority information on higher priority path. In this paper, we propose a scheme of Information Priority based Multicast Routing in MANETs using multiple paths (IPMRM). IPMRM operates in following phases. (1) Reliability pair factor computation based on node power level, received differential signal strength between the nodes and mobility. (2) Pruning neighbor nodes that have reliability pair factor lesser than a threshold. (3) Finding multicast mesh routes with multiple paths to a destination using request and reply packets. (4) Priority assignment to multiple paths based on minimum value of reliability pair factor of a path and information transfer from source to multicast destination. (4) Route maintenance against link failures. The simulation results for packet delivery ratio and control overhead demonstrate better performance of IPMRM over On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) and Enhanced ODMRP (EODMRP).

Recession in 2008/09 affected almost all the European countries seriously but some of them were hurt to a greater extent. The timing of economic downturns can never be appropriate but it found Hungary at the time when it was in a vulnerable condition leading to a prolonged struggle to find the way out. However, each company’s own experience and approach in crisis can differ from what the whole economy would explain. Proactive marketing refers to the corporate attitude that decision makers consider crises as opportunities and adjust their strategies accordingly.
This study aims to contribute to the emerging research field regarding the concept of proactive marketing. We investigated the relationship between the approach to a crisis as an opportunity and market performance. Based on a survey of 173 companies we demonstrated
that proactive marketing can lead to better performance but larger companies have the advantage of implementing this strategy more successfully.