Signal

TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a new member of the TNF superfamily. It signals through TNFRSF12A, commonly known as Fn14. The TWEAK-Fn14 interaction regulates cellular activities including proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling and inflammation. Although TWEAK has been reported to be associated with autoimmune diseases, cancers, stroke, and kidney-related disorders, the downstream molecular events of TWEAK-Fn14 signaling are yet not available in any signaling pathway repository. In this paper, we manually compiled from the literature, in particular those reported in human systems, the downstream reactions stimulated by TWEAK-Fn14 interactions. Our manual amassment of the TWEAK-Fn14 pathway has resulted in cataloging of 46 proteins involved in various biochemical reactions and TWEAK-Fn14 induced expression of 28 genes. We have enabled the availability of data in various standard exchange formats from NetPath, a reposito...

A SerDes is a transceiver with an integrated circuit (IC or chip) that converts parallel data into serial data and vice versa. SerDes has generally been used in the high-speed serial interface for the past few years and is widely used as an ASIC type and explicitly standard part of the application. Use both frequency adjustment and jitter as components. However, the actual incentive for a particular ser/des must be estimated experimentally. Intermediate frequency behavior Interactions in the IF range are generally complex. With technology slowdowns and processing speeds increasing, electrical connections are seen as a bottleneck for high-speed signal transmission between chips. The wide range of SerDes drive covers large distances at multi-gigabit speeds with a simple FPGA interface. A ser/des is a pair of functional squares commonly used in high-speed communications. The paper surveys with the SERDES technology for networking capacity regions. A data switch concept is presented to illustrate the intended useful backplane and switch SERDES ICs

Human voice pitch is sexually dimorphic and therefore conveys important information about its owner’s sex. Since people often associate voice pitch with age, body size, attractiveness and, in the case of men, level of dominance, it is assumed that voice pitch signals biological condition. We tested (1) how female voice pitch is related to perceptions of dominance and (2) whether female voice pitch correlates linearly with its attractiveness assessment. We recorded five vowels {A [a], E [ɛ], I [i], O [ɔ], U [u]} and measured the voice fundamental frequency (F0) of 58 young women. The following voices of four women were selected: low (184.6 Hz), medium (223.7 Hz), high (261.9 Hz) and very high (310.3 Hz). Each of these voices was lowered and raised by 20 Hz. The modified voices and the original voices were rated for attractiveness by men, and were rated for dominance by both men and women. We found that women with lower voices were perceived as more dominant and that this relationship was linear. An interaction between the sexes in the dominance assessment indicates that women are more sensitive than men to the dominance cues present in female voices. We also found that, contrary to other studies, the relationship between female voice pitch and its attractiveness is not linear. Higher pitched voices were assessed as more attractive up to an optimal pitch; female voices above ca. 280 Hz were rated as less attractive. We suggest that female voices that have too high a pitch sound babyish and are associated with sexual immaturity.

The urban traffic congestion has become a global phenomenon. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have caused an unprecedented revolution in growth of vehicles all over the world. This study presents, grade separation (over bridge) is provide in place of at grade signalized intersection. Ahmedabad city of Gujarat state is taken as study city. Shivaranjani signalized intersection on 132 ft ring road in the city of Ahmedabad is selected as a case study intersection. Various types of data are collected such as classified volume counts, signal cycle length, green time, phase plan etc. and number of lanes, lane width, grade, lane groups etc as a part of geometric data. The flow rate, saturation flow rate and its adjustment factors, capacity, volume to capacity ratio, critical lane group volume to capacity ratio, delay for lane groups, approaches and intersection as whole and delay comparison with level of service are calculated. This study proves that shivaranjani intersection must be required to convert in to grade separation.

There are several analytical techniques currently in use in conservation science to identify proteins in artworks. However, as is often the case, the determination of the exact location of a protein in a complex layer structure is challenging due to difficulty in separating layers. Localization of the protein in a cross-section has been demonstrated through attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared mapping and imaging as well as chemiluminescent and fluorescent-labeled antibodies; however, these techniques either require expensive instrumental setups or produce results that can be challenging to interpret. This paper will present research using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags complexed to secondary antibodies in conjunction with primary antibodies for the localization of ovalbumin, collagen, and casein in cross-sections from replicas and artworks containing avian egg, animal glue, or casein binders. The advantages of this technique over the others are (1) the detection method is a Raman microscope, equipment found in several museum laboratories; (2) the distinctive SERS signal from the nanotag increases the detection limit of the protein and decreases the interference from other colorants present in the cross-section layers; and finally, (3) the large (120 nm) SERS-labeled antibodies do not appear to penetrate into the cross-section, eliminating the risk of spurious signal and misidentification. Any agglomerations due to surface texture are clearly visible under normal illumination and can be avoided easily during analysis or removed with a light polish. This technique not only allows protein localization in multilayered samples while preserving the stratigraphic information but also retains the protein specificity of the antibody approach. Figure  

Abstract As displays become less expensive and are incorporated into more and more devices, there has been an increased focus on image resizing techniques to fill an image to an arbitrary screen size. Traditional methods such as cropping or resampling can ...

Signals increase the fitness of a sender by altering the behaviour of receivers. For cooperative interactions biological market theory proposes that signalling strength may be linked to supply and demand. In this context, a recent laboratory experiment demonstrated that cleaner shrimps may advertise their service to client reef fish and that the advertisement is linked to hunger levels. We investigated signalling by the cleaner shrimp Periclimenes longicarpus in the field to test more detailed predictions of biological market theory. Shrimps often clapped with their pair of claws in response to approaching clients. In line with both theory and the previous study, the probability of clapping increased when the shrimps had been food deprived and clapping shrimps were more likely to clean than nonclapping individuals. However, we found no evidence for the market theory prediction that signalling was targeted specifically to visiting client species with the option to choose other cleaning stations. Instead, shrimps signalled more frequently towards predatory clients than towards nonpredatory clients. We conclude that the signal does not serve primarily to attract the choosy clients but to convey information about identity as preconflict management to avoid predation.

Chitosan functionalized graphene was synthesized by a together-blending and in situ chemical reduction method. UV-vis, FT-IR, Raman and SEM techniques were used to study the molecular structure and morphology of the resulting composite. The chitosan-graphene modified glassy carbon electrode showed high electrocatalytic activity towards oxidations of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). By using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) as the analytical technique the calibration curves for AA, DA and UA, determined simultaneously, were found linear with a concentration range of 50–1200 μM, 1.0–24 μM and 2.0–45 μM, respectively.