Travelogue

The article focuses on marginal work of one of the most important representatives of the Slovak National Revival. Ľudovít Štúr during his studies in Halle visited Lusatia and issued a travel book Journey to Lusatia (Taken in the Spring 1839). The text follows on the one hand, typical features of the revivalist manuscript (especially contemporary cliché), on the other hand, we illustrate the lack of a typical romantic stylization. The travelogue by Ľudovít Štúr is a type of utopian architectural concepts of monolithic and compact Slavs, who played an important role in the birth of the nation in the first half of the 19th century. Ľudovít Štúr offers a different kind of a patriotic travelogue than the one advocated in the literature, eg. by Ján Kollár. Postoj zformulovaný v literárněhistorické literatuře na margo básnické a odborné tvorby Ľudovíta Š t ú r a je prakticky dodnes platný a opakovaně je přebírán do dalších odborných publikací. Nejméně pozornosti je v ní věnováno Štúrově básnické tvorbě, naopak akcentována je jeho práce pro národ, odborné či publicistické aktivity. Štúrova básnická tvorba a literární texty na pomezí žánrů, jako je např. cestopis, jsou v dlouho-dobé perspektivě minimálně reflektovány. Známý je také postoj Alexandra M a t u š k y, který ve své eseji z roku 1965, tedy v eseji napsané k 150. výročí Štúrova narození, sice nesmlouvavě, ale s jistou laskavostí, napsal: "Nebol básnik veľkého formátu, realizoval sa ako organizátor. Nebol básnik, slovenský život k nemu nehovoril ako k básnikovi; a jednako nikto nedovidel pred ním do života u nás v takej šírke a hĺbke ako on […]" (Matuška 1990, 100). Matuškův názor tak posiluje tradici vysoce hodnocené odborné práce na úkor literární. Opakovaně se v souvislosti s výročními okamžiky vysouvá do popředí zřejmá tendence zpracovat i méně známé oblasti Štúrova působení. V tomto ohledu mají specifické postavení cestopisy, které se rozprostírají mezi doku-mentárností cesty za poznáním malého slovanského národa a básnickou imaginací. I pro Štúrovy cestopisy však platí, co napsal Alexander Matuška o jeho poezii. Básnické imaginace je v nich málo, figurativní jazyk vesměs ustupuje pragmatickým cílům. Rozhodně neplatí absolutně, že by obrozenské cestopisy (z třicátých a čtyřicátých let 19. století) zůstávaly zcela bez povšimnutí odborné veřejnosti. Zejména rozsáhlejší cestopisy, které vyšly knižně k sobě vážou odbornou pozornost opakovaně. 1) Štúrův cestopis je zpravidla zmiňován v literárněhistorických příručkách v souvislosti s jeho studijní cestou do Halle. Pochopitelnou výjimkou jsou monografie, které se primárně zaměřují na vývoj cestopisu. 2) Pokud je už Štúrův cestopis literární historií reflektován, 1/ Např. cestopis Jozefa Miloslava H u r b a n a Cesta Slováka ku bratrům slavenským na Moravě a v Čechách (1839). Hurban se vydal na cestu jen krátce po Štúrově cestě do Lužic. Hurbanova cesta je datována červencem 1839, kdy se vydává na cestu z Bratislavy do Vídně. 2/ Ve slovenském kontextu je to rozsáhlá monografie Z. K l á t i k a Vývin slovenského cestopisu (Klátik 1968), v českém prostředí nedávno publikovaná monografie o obrozenském cestopisu

Unmasking Of North-East India - a review of Anil Yadav's book, "Is That Even A Country, Sir!: Journeys In Northeast India By Train, Bus And Tractor", translated by Anurag Basnet from the Hindi original, "Wah Bhi Koi Des Hai Mahraj".
First published in print on Sunday, 05-November-2017 in National Herald On Sunday.

يلعب نهر النيل دوراً مهماً في مصر, حيث يمد هذا النهر مصر بحوالي 98% من إحتياجاتها بالماء. ويمثل نهر النيل ظاهرة جغرافية وجيولوجية مميزة. حيث يجري منابعه الإستوائية في قلب أفريقيا, ثم يتجه شمالاً إلى البحر المتوسط ملتزماً بهذا الإتجاه. ولا يجري نهر النيل في إقليم طبيعي واحد مثل نهر الأمازون, بل يجري في عدة أقاليم متباينة, ويخترق حوالي 35 درجة من درجات العرض ليصل بين منابعه ومصبه.

_The Physiology of Love and Other Writings_ is the first English annotated collection of Mantegazza’s selected works. In my extensive introductory essay, Mantegazza’s hybrid contributions from fiction, travel-writing, and ethnography to physiology, medicine, and politics are reevaluated as instances of a proto-cultural-studies approach attuned to the cross-fertilization of disciplines and the circulation of ideas in a period of European intellectual history that defied the notion of specialization.
Table of contents:
The Physiology of Love
And Selections from:
On The Hygienic and Medicinal Virtues of the Coca Plant and on Nervine Nourishment in General
One Day in Madeira
A Voyage to Lapland with my Friend Stephen Sommier
India
Epicurus: Essay in a Physiology of the Beautiful
The Neurosic Century
The Tartuffe Century
Head: Or, Sowing Ideas to Create New Deeds
Political Memoirs of a Foot Soldier in the Italian Parliament
The Year 3000: A Dream
The Psychology of Translation

В исследовании рассматриваются особенности организации сюжета и повествования книги И. Ильфа и Евг. Пе- трова. Советский травелог основан на парадоксальной интенции: естественное для путешественника восхищение окружающим пространством совмещается с необходимостью девальвации цен- ностей чужого мира. Поэтому все приемы организации нарратива соавторов амбивалентны. Идеологическая задача по мере «погру- жения» в «одноэтажную» Америку отходит на второй план, путе- шествие актуализирует сюжет духовного перерождения, который манифестируется подробными описаниями хронотопов пусты- ни, каньона, древнего леса. Травелог имеет метапоэтическое из- мерение: встречи на пути позволяют повествователям собирать истории и фиксировать происшествия в «записных книжечках», отъезд из страны соотносится с завершением работы над текстом. Более того, Америка сравнивается не только с капиталистическим«адом», но и с увлекательным романом, вызывает ассоциации с книгами, прочитанными в юности. Двойственность проявляется и на уровне дискурсивной организации: сочетаются черты очерка и романа, фельетонные фрагменты сополагаются с медитативны- ми композиционными вставками. Эффект «гибридизации» корре- лирует с общностью сознания и восприятия путешественников - в тексте многократно повторяется слово «мы», подчеркивающее однородность повествовательной инстанции. Такой прием обрета- ет не только идеологические, но и символические обертоны: де- монстрируется и коллективизм советских людей, и «стереоскопич- ность» двойного видения «сверхнарратора».

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the narrative structure of Ilf and Petrov's book Little Golden America. Soviet travelogue has a paradox in its basis: admiration for observed things, which is natural for a traveler, fits together with a need for devaluation of the alien world. That is why the co-authors' methods of constructing the narrative are ambivalent. As far as the “immersion” in “little golden” America goes, ideological tasks pale into insignificance, and a plot of ‘the spiritual reborn' (marked by depiction of desert, canion, forest chronotopes) is actualized. Moreover, the travelogue also provides a metapoetical component: meeting various people on the way for the narrators is the sourse of stories which they write down in their “notebooks”. The end of the journey also correlates with the end of the process of writing. Furthermore, America itself is depicted not only as “capitalistic hell” but also as a “page-turner” because it brings associations with books that the narrators had read in their youth. This duality is manifested in the level of communicative structure. There are combined features of travel journal and novel in the text, and feuilleton- like fragments are coupled with embedded inner monologues. Such “hybrid” structure correlates with travelers' united consciousnesses and perceptions and is manifested in the pronoun “we” showing uniformity of the narrative instance. This method has both ideological and symbolic sides, not only showing the collectivity of Soviet people, but also creating the effect of supernarrator's ‘stereoscopic vision.

פרסום שריד מתרגום של ר' יחיא אלקאפח (1932-1850) לספר מסעותיו של ר' יעקב ספיר (1885-1822) בערבית-יהודית תימנית. כתוב בניב מיוחד צנעאני-ספרותי. מטרת הפרסום לאשש את השקפתו של פרופ' יהושע בלאו - עדת בני תימן המשיכה לכתוב ערבית-יהודית  על פי תקן הכתיבה של הערבית היהודית הקלאסית, מפני שהיו אמונים על חיבוריהם של רב סעדיה גאון (942-882) ושל הרמב"ם (1204-1138).

Peter Seyferth: „Reisebericht: Reise zur Selbsterkenntnis einer Gesellschaft – Lahontans und Diderots Supplémente politisch gelesen.“ In: Dirk Lüddecke/Felicia Englmann (Hrsg.): Zur Geschichte des politischen Denkens. Denkweisen von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler, 2014. S. 139–164. Zum Zitieren bitte das gedruckte Buch verwenden! For citation please use the published book.

Present paper is a translation of the travelogue of Sefer Muratowicz, the Armenian-origin Polish merchant and traveler who made a journey to Persia in 1602. Apart from translation, we would provide, in present article, some codicological information and a content review.  Because one of the travelogue versions has been corrected by Tadeusz Juda Krusiński, his footnotes are cited as well. In present article some of the author’s claims, such as the story about accepting christian faith by Shah Abbas I. have been rejected and also there has been attached some of the various Persian names and words written forms were used by Muratowicz and the editors of his work as an appendix.

Nel 1937 il giornale "Kathimerinì" commissiona a Nikos Kazantzakis un tour del Peloponneso: saranno tre settimane intense e magiche, una sorta di pellegrinaggio alla ricerca di sé e delle proprie radici. Il grande scrittore cretese si ferma nei luoghi che parlano di mito e di storia: a Olimpia immagina l'atmosfera concitata dei Giochi, a Sparta scova nel paesaggio tracce dell'immortale Elena, a Mystràs "vede" il grande intellettuale bizantino Gemisto Pletone che sogna una nuova civiltà, a Tripolitsà ricorda l'eroe della Rivoluzione Kolokotronis. Camminatore instancabile, l'autore di Zorba ama parlare con la gente del posto, conversa con i clienti del caffè, interroga gli anziani contadini, ammira la franchezza brusca di guide locali e tassisti, annota la spontaneità autentica dei modi e della lingua del popolo. Ricco di squarci lirici, scenette comiche e pause meditative "La mia Grecia" racconta il popolo greco, diviso fra antico e moderno, Occidente e Oriente, razionalismo e sensualità.

Edith in den Fashion-Städten is nothing more than a series of travel notes and reviews on exhibitions and events written by a confused traveller trying to make sense of these hazy everyday encounters and the politics of the body accompanying them. The first installment in the series recounted a trip to the archive of Ulm’s School of Design, while the second journey brought our writer to the capital cities of Vienna and Berlin. Permanently on view, the Helmut Lang archive in Vienna’s Museum of Applied Arts inspired Edith to rethink body politics in the light of transparent materials and male gazes, while photographer Elfie Semotan’s show Contradiction at C/O Berlin continues her lines of inquiry on the eroticized gazes and desire in fashion. Accompanying the text, Lázár has created the playlist Transparencies on SoundCloud.

Travel writing as a genre of literature has not been a contemporary happening, as a cursory look at the annals of literary history shows us that from the biblical times till the present day, though the forms and media have changed, the passion of travel writing has remained much in vogue. The paper explores the ways in which travel writing has been an indispensable part of English literature, both in terms of its contribution to its richness as well as an avenue for human's development. Human's psychology is positively impacted through travel and the resultant travel memoirs prepared-discoveries, mysteries, and socio-cultural planes give humans experiences with nature and people inhabiting them, so as to result in various forms of travel writing-travelogues, guides, and stories. These, in turn, inspire others to undertake a similar travel and experience firsthand their " acquired knowledge from travel writings ". The paper also explores the ways in which travel accounts of voyage and discovery of new lands led to the development of the genre of travel writing in literature, and how it had positive externalities towards enriching other disciplines as well like history, geography, science etc. In turn, it has also been influenced by the socio-cultural settings, as well as questions of identity in society. The paper also traces the writing styles of Charles Darwin in his masterpiece " Origin of Species " and how that set the path right for the flourishing of the genre further. Charles Dickens, Carl Thompson, James Cook, Lawrence, Henry James are other luminaries who embraced literature through their travel writings. The paper also throws light on the inhibitions and bottlenecks which a traveler has to face while on travel-alienation from the homeland, feeling of otherness among a foreign crowd, loss of self-identity and seclusion from the larger group, inability to comprehend alien culture, religion, customs etc. But overcoming such challenges is the very essence of a hardcore travel writer-the passion to undertake travel against all odds to distant places to feel oneness with nature and hence contribute to humankind's development.

Друга књига путописа Седам мора и три океана сада је први пут пред публиком. Из рукописа су за ауторкина живота објављена свега три одломка:  први и најдужи чине Писма из Индије, као самостално издање 1928;  „На Тихом океану (белешке с пута)”, објављен 1930. и епизода „Моја рупија и снек-чармерове гајде”, објављена 1935. године. Писма из Индије репринтована су и преведена на енглески и хинди 2017. године, док је одељак „На Тихом океану” објављен 2014. године. Сви остали делови текста друге књиге до сада су могли да се прочитају само у рукопису чуваном  у Народној библиотеци Србије.

In 1884, John Compton Pyne, a British soldier, having finished his tour of duty in India, decided to make a detour on his trip home in order to spend three months crossing Persia unaccompanied except for the local muleteers. Among his accouterments he packed a small leather-bound sketchbook in which he not only wrote a journal but also added beautiful and charming watercolor illustrations. This edition reprints his adventurous journal alongside an introduction that contextualizes this trip against the background of the Persian influence in British culture, and sets this influence as a driving force behind Pyne’s travels.

This article delineates the genre of travelogue, with the special reference to the fictive elements in the travelogue of Sindbad the seaman in ‘The book of a thousand nights and one night’, popularly known as The Arabian Nights. The study focuses on the comparative elements, which are present in the real piece of writing about travels and the fictive storytelling style of travel accounts of the seven voyages of Sindbad the seaman. The innovative techniques, which the storytellers rely on for increased drama, suspense or other emotions, in spite of the language being colloquial will be discussed. The elements of imaginary journey, dramatic visualizations, fate and destiny, fantasy and science fiction, adventure and action are all amalgamated into a piece of travelogue. The use of the embedded narrative form of storytelling – narration by Sindbad the seaman to Sindbad the Landman, which in turn was narrated by Scheherazade to King Shahryar. The details of the travelogue shed considerable light on seafaring and trade in the East. Sindbad describes about the goods, pirates, tales of shipwrecks, birds and apes and the savages. Also we can find parallel notions to the places and things, which Sindbad has made mention of, in the later works of Marco-polo, Pliny, and St. Epiphanius. Also Sindbad’s adventures in turn influenced Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe and Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels. Thus I conclude that Arabian nights was the innovatory fictive travelogue that inspired many later literary travelogues.

The focus upon curiositas and the evocation of wonder at the otherness of experience in foreign lands is crucial to the travel narrative. The identification of exotica hinges upon an implicit act of comparison: familiar native parameters are deployed to measure the nature and extent of the alien marvel. The act of describing thus duplicates as an act of judgement. While the ‘semblance’ of the curiosity to recognizable experience assists in enumeration, its distance from this ‘semblance’ helps to ascertain its ‘value’. Through this process of familiarizing the unfamiliar, the travelogue simultaneously celebrates the superiority of the indigenous customs and culture of the traveller’s homeland. Thomas Roe Coryat’s Crudities engages in this exercise only to subvert its impact. Coryat distances the straight-laced Englishman and his Protestant piety from the ornate secular and religious practices of the places he visits but the sheer extravaganza and energy of the spectacle allures the reader to partake of prohibited pleasures. That it is deliberate and not inadvertent is exemplified by his own positioning as a freewheeling observer (and an occasional participant) deriving salacious enjoyment from such encounters. Coryat discards the responsibility of ‘schooling’ his readers and metamorphoses instead into a procurer beckoning them to hedonistic pleasures.

Dos suizos, dos libros, una única obsesión: la explotación del “oro negro” de la selva amazónica, en la época del auge cauchero en el Oriente de Bolivia. Con apenas unos meses de diferencia, Franz Ritz y Ernst Leutenegger trabajaron en la misma barraca gomera durante la primera década del siglo XX, y ambos publicaron luego sus recuerdos en su país natal. Son estos relatos que, traducidos por primera vez al español, nos propone descubrir aquí Lorena Córdoba. La mirada más entusiasta de Ritz y la visión más melancólica de Leutenegger evocan ambas tópicos de la fiebre cauchera en la selva boliviana: la dura vida en las barracas; la ley del más fuerte en un mundo donde el Estado está ausente; los enganches tramposos, las deudas hereditarias, la explotación de los indígenas. Sin embargo, estos relatos permiten ir más allá de los clichés y matizar en gran parte las visiones en blanco y negro sobre esta época crucial para la economía boliviana, la paulatina incorporación del Oriente al país y el destino también de los pueblos indígenas amazónicos. Con su lectura, la Historia gana en humanidad, en matices enriquecedores, en profundidad y credibilidad.

У раду се разматрају епистемолошке консеквенце Витгенштајновог концепта „породичних сличности“ [„Familienähnlichkeit“] и важност овог филозофског појма за појаву нових генолошких концептуализација. Најпре доносимо осврт на разне потешкоће, које се јављају при покушају дефинисања путописног жанра, а које потичу од рестрикција наметнутих аристотеловским моделом категоризације. Други део рада разматра могућност примене Витгенштајновог концепта приликом дефинисања и дескрипције жанрова: указује на употребу овог појма у когнитивној психологији (Еленор Рош), естетици (Морис Вајц) и науци о књижевности, нарочито теорији жанрова (Мари-Лор Рајан).

This paper discusses the epistemological consequences of Wittgenstein's philosophical concept of family resemblance [Familienähnlichkeit] and its importance for the emergence of new conceptualisations in the genre theory. Primarily, we provide an overview of the various difficulties in defining the genre of travel book, with the main origin in Aristotelian model of categorization. The second part of the paper focuses on the possibility of applying this concept in cognitive psychology (Eleanor Rosch), aesthetics (Morris Weitz) and literary studies, especially in genre theory (Marie-Laure Ryan).

Seyahatname literatürü açısından bakıldığında 19. yüzyılın, Osmanlı coğrafyasına yapılan seyahatlerin zirve yaptığı bir dönem olduğu görülür. İmparatorluğun içinde bulunduğu siyasi, iktisadi ve sosyal şartların belirleyici olduğu bu seyahatlerde misyonları farklı ve değişik meslek grubundan pek çok seyyah özellikle Anadolu’da kendi ilgi alanlarına yönelik seyahatler gerçekleştirdi. Bilhassa Karadeniz bölgesini ön plana çıkardığımızda, bunların içinde Victor Fontanier’nin seyahatlerinin ayrı bir yeri olduğu anlaşılır. Fontanier’nin 1821 yılında Fransız hükümetinin emriyle başlayan Doğu macerası, onun 1830’da Trabzon’a geçici konsolosluk görevlisi olarak atanması ile daha farklı bir özellik kazandı. Fontanier, 1821’de başlayan bu görevine ilişkin iki önemli eser kaleme aldı. Bunlardan ilki 1829’a kadar devam eden seyahatlerini; ikincisi ise 1830-1832 yılları arasında konsolosluk görevlisi olarak bulunduğu Trabzon’da edindiği izlenimleri yansıtır. Bu çalışma Fontanier’nin Trabzon’daki konsolosluk görevindeki tek seyahati olan, Batum seyahatini konu almaktadır.

Kot se spodobi, začnimo na začetku bralnega potovanja: naslovnica vsekakor pritegne. V žlahtni črno-beli tehniki, z izstopajočin oranžastim naslovom izziva gledalca in bralca: gledalca s prefinjeno večerno toaleto, z nasmeškom življenjske radosti in bosimi nogami, bralca pa najprej s simboličnim sporočilom osrednje triade (glave, čelade in žoge kot zemeljske krogle) – Benka z motorjem okoli sveta –, potem pa s samim naslovom: moralno rehabilitacijo sopomenke od besede prostitutka, učinkovito besedno igro, ki jo avtorica kasneje tudi prepričljivo pojasni: ni vsaka pocestnica kurba. Zanimivo je, da na naslovni strani ni motorja, tega Benkinega nadomestnega ženina. Rdeči BMW se sicer pojavi v odlomku na zadnji strani ovitka, njegova odsotnost na naslovnici pa morda izraža Benkino podzavestno željo, da vabi morebitne "prave" moške, če jih še ni povsem odpisala. Podnaslov Življenjski potopis je povsem upravičen (knjiga je pregledno razdeljena na tri dele): prvih trinajst poglavij je kratka avtobiografija, sledi petletno potovanje okoli sveta s pripravami in odmevi nanj, knjigo pa zaključuje fotogalerija, ki vizualno podpira prvi in druge del pripovedi. Ni naključje, da je beseda potopis šele na drugem mestu: tudi v osrednjem delu knjige Benka nikoli ne stopi v ozadje, ampak se skupaj z rdečim lepotcem obnaša kot glavna junakinja romana, hočem reči – življenja. Pozoren bralec se mora najprej ustaviti ob slovarskih razlagah besed pocestnica in pocestnik, ki, domnevam, vendarle prinašata tudi izzivalno sporočilo: medtem ko je beseda pocestnica v pomenu prostitutka označena kot slabšalna, je beseda pocestnik v pomenu ženskar oz. vlačugar slogovno povsem nezaznamovana. S tem uvodnim sporočilom Benka precej razvidno napove svoj odnos do drugega spola oz. do aktualnih družbenih odnosov, o čemer bo govora tudi v nadaljevanju. Naslov prvega poglavja Od semenke do Benke nakazuje temeljne značilnosti Benkine pripovedi: duhovitost, izpiljen slog, ki ponekod prehaja v območje literarnega jezika, in blaga samoironija. Seveda me je najprej pritegnila naslovnica, pri samem branju pa sem si privoščil popolno svobodo, kot jo v nasprotju s filmom (pa tudi tam so se stvari spremenile s pojavom digitalizacije) omogoča branje knjige: najprej sem prelistal vizualni del na koncu, potem pa sem bral po metodi naključnega izbora, preskakoval, raziskoval, se vračal, se prepuščal intuiciji in užival, šele v zadnji fazi sem sledil Benkinemu bralnemu načrtu in Pocestnico natančno prebral od začetka do konca. Priznati moram, da me je na naslovnici pritegnila Benka kot ženska. Morda njen portret zavaja, saj vsebina knjige razkriva predvsem Benko z značilno moškimi lastnostmi, ampak ne glede na to je bil moj prvi vtis, ki ga seveda ne morem razumsko utemeljiti: čista erotika. Pomembna kvaliteta Pocestnice je tudi jezikovna brezhibnost (besedilo je prestalo jezikovni pregled, lektoriranje in še zadnji pregled, ki sta ga opravili kar dve sodelavki), kar je v današnjih časih, ko po tekočem traku izhajajo besedila s kopico jezikovnih in pravopisnih pomanjkljivosti ali večjim številom zatipkanih mest, precejšnja redkost.

Abstrak: Kajian ini membincangkan konsep tazkiyah al-Nafs menerusi karya kembara Muhd Kamil Ibrahim berjudul Travelog Haji: Mengubah Sempadan Iman. Muhd Kamil Ibrahim merupakan seorang Profesor Perakaunan yang kini berkhidmat di Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) Business School. Beliau bukan sahaja hebat dalam bidang perakaunan, malah berkebolehan tinggi dalam bidang penulisan ilmiah mahupun umum. Salah satu daripada hasil penulisan umum beliau, sebuah travelog telah menjadi fenomena dan pernah menduduki carta jualan buku paling laris. Travelog ini berkisarkan penghijrahan beliau dari seorang yang jahil dalam ilmu agama berubah kepada seorang Muslim yang lebih baik. Ia juga memperlihatkan kesungguhan beliau menyempurnakan penghijrahannya dengan menunaikan ibadat haji. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses tazkiyah al-Nafs yang dihadapi oleh penulis
travelog ini menurut persepktif al-Muhasibi yang memfokuskan kepada proses dalam langkah pencegahan (al-Wiqayah). Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan dan temu bual. Hasil dapatan kajian mendapati kerendahan ego dan ketinggian estim-diri diperlukan dalam menjayakan proses tazkiyah al-Nafs khususnya bagi golongan berstatus tinggi.

Kata kunci: travelog haji, kembara, tazkiyah al-Nafs, penyucian jiwa, Muhd Kamil Ibrahim.

The elaborated travelogue of Christopher Harant of Polžice and Bezdružice and at Pecka etc. (printed in 1608) presents an outstanding material for intertextual analysis. The author leaves no doubt as to the real aim of his travelogue, which was not only to inform the Czech readers about his adventurous journey to the East (undertaken in the extremely dangerous times of the Turkish war), but also to enlighten them in the factual and moral terms. The work, a nice example of a Renaissance travelogue, contains a remarkable number of quotations from authorities of a very wide timefra­ me and thematic range, from Antiquity to the beginning of the 17th century, from Homer to the most recent literature. The corpus of the authorities quoted by Ha­ rant includes also Roman poetry. The paper deals with the reception of the persona­ lity and the work of Publius Ovidius Naso in the travelogue, also in comparison to other Roman poets. In the travelogue, Ovid is present only as a quotation authority, not a historical personality (in contrast with other ancient authors, e. g. M. Tullius Cicero, Saint Jerome). Harant knows a couple of Ovid's works, he even quotes the "controversial" Ars amatoria (and in a quite striking context). Ovidian allusions can be found in the dedicatory poems, which were appended to the travelogue, as well. The paper analyzes Harant's quotations from Ovid with regard to their form and con­ tent, and also discusses the question how likely it is that Harant actually worked with Ovid's works and did not take the information from other sources.

AFGHANISTAN CITIES IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX. CENTURY ACCORDING TO WESTERN TRAVELLERS
Ferhat ÇİFTÇİ
AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY
September 2018
Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihad CİHAN
Afghanistan has geopolitical importance between Central Asia, India, and the Middle East. Therefore, it has had political, socio-cultural, religious, and economical prescriptions throughout history. Due to the geographical conditions, the cities established as settlement areas have determined the fate of the states as the power centre of the country. Moreover, the cosmopolitan nature of the cities made it possible to create a colourful city culture. Afghanistan's cities came to the forefront as the center of socio-cultural life and trade in the first half of the nineteenth century. Colonial states also gave importance to the cities and trade routes.
Travelogues are one of the most important sources of information about Afghanistan. In this study, it was attempted to put the impressions of Western travellers about Afghanistan cities and city elements in the first half of the nineteenth century comparatively. In the Afghanistan studies, political history was firstly taken
into consideration. In this study, we tried to convey all historical information in the light of the information obtained from the travelogues.
In the first half of the nineteenth century, Afghanistan became unstable due to internal conflicts. Western states which wanted to make use of this situation sent officers to analyze Afghanistan better and to provide intelligence. These officers often tried to put out information about Afghanistan by bringing their interests into the forefront. As a method, the information provided by travellers visiting Afghanistan was classified on the basis of cities and rural settlements in their travel routes. The classified travelogues included very important information about administration, urbanization, settlement and population structure, socio-cultural life, economic structure, and financial system in Afghanistan.
The introduction part of the study provided information about the presentation and method of research, geography of Afghanistan, and a brief history of Afghanistan. In the first chapter, place and importance of travelogues in the history, travellers and travelogues used were criticized in a wide frame, and resources were introduced. In the next two chapters, elements such as administrative organization, military order, urbanization, settlement and population structure, socio-cultural life, economic structure and financial system in Afghanistan cities, and rural settlements were discussed. In the third chapter, the information about cities and towns which were big and important in the old history, was established in the regions where the geography of Afghanistan was convenient, and was partly less populated was processed. In the fourth chapter, important settlements in urban routes or rural areas were discussed. In the conclusion section, a general evaluation of all classified information was made.
Key Words: Afghanistan, Traveller, Travelogue, History, Urban Culture

Nasir Khosrow embarks upon a seven year journey in order to come to terms with his spiritual crisis. The quest is the inevitable outcome of the tensions and conflicts between Nasir and the institutionalized forms of power and knowledge. The tensions lead to the formation of a series of binary oppositions-verbal and nonverbal-within the text of his travelogue. The researchers have analyzed the text of Nasir's travelogue with a semiotic approach and have unearthed the binarized structure that underlies Nasir's report. The world around him is in contrast with the world he idealizes in his subjective mind, he draws a boundary line between the transient nature of his journey and the timeless journey he would undertake after death, the civilized cityscapes mark a sharp contrast with the savagery of the desert in which he has to reside temporarily. Another binary is formed when Nasir distinguishes his dietary habits from those of bedouins. The pictorial appeal of Nasir's painti...

The article considers the specifics of functioning of a Roman text in the book of Peter Vail's "Genius of Place" (1999), referred to basic semantic constants of Roman text presented in the book and the associated motive-shaped complex, revealed their artistic originality of Vail’s Rimlyane.

A travelogue of an Israeli musicologist, descendant of German Jewish émigrés, her real and imaginary sonic journey roams between ruins and rubble in Germany and Israel/Palestine. She takes ruins as iconic, allegoric, and reverberating; partially resisting the ravages of time, enshrining sounds and memory. She deems rubble as formless, plain, and voiceless, devoid of identity, transient, and forgetful. The destruction of Jerusalem in 70 ce by the Romans is her starting point, and the currently occupied East Jerusalem by Israeli armed forces is where she ends. The imaginary soundscapes she unfolds resonates forlorn heavenly voices, Nazi youth's ditties, Israeli pop songs, operatic voices, and redemptive and subversive German and Israeli oratorios.

AXIOLOGICAL STATUS OF TRAVELOGUE:
BETWEEN SUB-LITERARY AND PARA-SCIENTIFIC PHENOMENON

Summary: The paper discusses traditional assumptions of approaching the travelogue genre in the literary studies, but also the standpoints of other humanities (ethnology, geography, sociology). Special attention has been paid to conventional concepts of „literariness“, i.e. of aesthetic function and value of the travel writings.

Key words: travelogue, travel textuality, aesthetic value, aesthetic function