Vienna

This book focuses on the experiences of Vienna’s Jewish population between the years 1938 and 1945. It makes the persecution, expulsion, and murder of Jewish Austrians as a result of National Socialist persecution measures visible in the physical cityscape, thereby closing a major gap in Holocaust history and in the general history of Vienna.
Until 1938, Vienna was home to one of the largest Jewish communities in Europe.
During the Holocaust, it became a testing ground for the radicalization of Nazi anti-Jewish policies. This book maps the topography of Nazi persecution as well as sites of Jewish agency and survival, thereby visualizing the destruction of Jewish Vienna as it unfolded in the cityscape. It reveals Vienna as a city contaminated by the Shoah.
The historic events that unfolded between 1938 and 1945 were connected to specific
sites and spaces: So, for example, Vienna’s famous Ringstraße became a paradigmatic site for the exclusion of Jews from professional life as well as for material expropriation
(“Aryanization”). The Mariahilfer Straße and West Station were initially sites of escape but also places connected to early deportations to the concentration camps of Dachau and
Buchenwald. Meanwhile, the Inner City became the locus of Jewish and non-Jewish aid
agencies struggling to assist Vienna’s persecuted Jews in increasingly dire circumstances. These and other sites are explored in detail across fifteen thematic chapters in the book, beginning with the “Anschluss” Pogrom and mass emigration in 1938/39, covering the mass deportations to concentration and extermination sites in 1941/42, and closing with the survival of a small remnant of the Jewish population through to 1945. The events are presented both chronologically and thematically through a variety of documents, narrative sources, photographs, and objects, thereby disseminating this novel research to a broad audience.

Im Rahmen des Projekts "BergbauLandschaftWien" wurden 2016 bis 2018 intensive Forschungen zum neolithischen Radiolaritberg-bau in der St. Veiter Klippenzone in Wien und dessen direktem Um-land durchgeführt. Die Arbeiten umfassten Prospektion im Gelände, Archivrecherche und Aufnahme bzw. Überprüfung von Altfunden sowie eine kleine Flächengrabung am Gemeindeberg. Als beson-ders vielversprechendes Gebiet stellte sich das Naturschutzgebiet "Lainzer Tiergarten" heraus, wo bis Ende 2018 insgesamt 15 bislang unbekannte Abbau-bzw. Nutzungsstellen entdeckt wurden. Diese wurden anhand "bergbautypischer" Oberflächenfunde wie artifizi-elle Trümmerstücke (Abbauschutt), Entrindungsabschläge, precores, Schlagsteine etc. bei gleichzeitigem Fehlen charakteristischer Sied-lungsfunde als solche identifiziert. Zudem erfolgten erste Schritte zur Einbindung der Abbaustellen in die umgebende Siedlungslandschaft und Infrastruktur, um die sozioökonomische Dimension des Berg-bauphänomens zu erfassen. Die Nutzung des "Wiener Radiolarits" ist vom Paläolithikum bis in die Bronzezeit belegt, der eigentliche Bergbau dürfte aber überwiegend im Neolithikum umgegangen sein. Als vorläufiges Ergebnis bleibt festzuhalten, dass die Dimensionen der neolithischen Radiolaritgewinnung in Wien bisher völlig unter-schätzt wurden. Es handelt sich nicht, wie bislang angenommen, um vereinzelte Befunde, sondern um ein prähistorisches Bergbaugebiet von europäischem Rang und beträchtlicher Ausdehnung-und mit einem enormen Forschungs-und Erkenntnispotential. Schlüsselbegriffe Bergbau, Radiolarit, Neolithikum, Wien, Klippenzone, Ressourcen-management. Abstract-Newly Discovered Radiolarite Mining in Vienna. Importance and Use of the St. Veit Klippen Belt in the Neolithic Within the framework of the project 'BergbauLandschaftWien' extensive research concerning Neolithic mining activities in the St. Veit Klippen Belt was undertaken between 2016 and 2018 in Vien-na and the immediate catchment area. These investigations included surveys, archival research and the recording as well as re-evaluation of old collections, and a small-scale excavation at the Gemeindeberg in Vienna. An especially promising area is the nature reserve known as the 'Lainzer Tiergarten', where altogether 15 so-far unknown ra-diolarite quarrying and workshop areas were detected by the end of 2018. They were identified based on surface finds characteristic for prehistoric quarrying, such as artificial (quarrying) debris, decortifi-cation flakes, precores, hammer stones, etc., in combination with the absence of indications for regular settlement activities. Additionally, initial steps towards incorporating the mining landscape into the surrounding settlement and infrastructure were undertaken in order to grasp the socioeconomic dimensions of these mining activities. The use of 'Vienna radiolarite' is evidenced from the Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age; the heydays of mining however appear to be a Neo-lithic phenomenon. Our preliminary results indicate that the scale of Neolithic radiolarite mining in Vienna has been dramatically underestimated. We are not dealing with isolated findings as previously assumed, but, on the contrary, with a prehistoric mining landscape of European rank and significant extent, providing unprecedented research potential.