Working Environment

The fact that satisfied and happy workers are likely to be more productive is not an exemption of teachers. This paper, thus, examined, compared and tests, if there is any statistical significant difference between male and female teachers, married and unmarried teachers and College and Higher Secondary School teachers in Senapati, Manipur with respect to job satisfaction. A sample size of 140 including 70 College teachers and 70 Higher Secondary School teachers was collected using stratified sampling method. IBM SPSS Statistics version 23 was used for analyzing the collected data through which factor analysis, reliability test, descriptive statistics and independent sample t-test are applied. The study found that male teachers have higher level of job satisfaction than female teachers and married teachers are more satisfied with their job as compared to unmarried teachers while there is no significant difference between colleges and higher secondary schools teachers. The study also found that 86.43 percent of the teachers are moderately satisfied with their job.

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm tìm hiểu mối quan hệ giữa môi trường làm việc và hiệu quả lao động, phân tích so sánh giữa các doanh nghiệp nhà nước và doanh nghiệp nước ngoài tại Việt Nam. Môi trường làm việc tốt là một trong những yếu tố quan trọng ảnh hưởng đến sự phát triển của cán bộ, công chức cũng như quyết định đến chất lượng, hiệu quả hoạt động của cơ quan, tổ chức, đơn vị. Nếu môi trường làm việc không tốt, doanh nghiệp rất dễ gặp phải những vấn đề như: chất lượng, hiệu quả làm việc kém; mất đoàn kết; thậm chí cán bộ, công chức có trình độ, năng lực xin thôi việc hoặc chuyển công tác…
The study was conducted to understand the relationship between working environment and labor efficiency, comparative analysis between state-owned enterprises and foreign enterprises in Vietnam. Good working environment is one of the important factors affecting the development of cadres and civil servants as well as deciding on the quality and performance of agencies, organizations and units. If the working environment is not good, businesses are easy to encounter problems such as: poor quality and efficiency; loss of solidarity; even qualified cadres and civil servants resign or leave job.

This paper aims to deal with construction industry risks. It deals with all type of construction industry types such as small house, malls, and huge buildings. Many accidents can be happened in the sites, so it is important that appropriate measure are taken into consideration to help in curbing the menace to improve safety in the working environment both within and the surrounding. The researchers concluded that the risks which can be avoided should be avoided to reduce the number of accidents that happen in the working environment. Rules and regulations that are clear and well understood by the workers are important in eliminating or reducing hazards experienced within the working environment. With adequate training and strict policies put in place, it is possible to deal with the risks at the workplace. The management should take responsibility and consider it as a necessity to introduce adequate measures and policies that can govern all activities undertaken in construction sites.

Employee Work Life Balance (WLB) is a major factor to increase employee performance as well as organizational performance.  Employee performance is very important for any organization to achieve competitive advantage.  ABC Company is not reaching expected performance level and it is clear to have performance gap. The main objective of this study is to find the relationship between work-life balance on employee performance. The research study explores the Impact of Work-Life Balance on employee performance. Employee assistance programs, Technology advancement, working environment and workplace stress are selected independent variables and employee performance is the dependent variable.
Seventy four employees were selected from ABC Company to conduct this research. The required primary data were collected through a structured Likert scale questionnaire, open ended question, close ended questions and the researcher used correlation analysis and regression analysis in order to test the hypotheses. The researcher used mix methodology for this research and data are collected through questionnaires and structured interviews. In qualitative method mainly interviews, focus groups etc. are used. Open ended questions in questionnaires will be used to collect qualitative data. In Quantitative Method researcher used to create a correlation between the variables identified previously. ANOVA test would be used in order to test the hypothesis. Correlation and linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis further. Analyzing the validity of the constructed hypothesis will be done using SPSS software.
In conclusion, it was found that Employee Assistant Programs, Technology Advancement, Working Environment and Workplace Stress positively impact on employee performance. In simply researcher found that there is a relationship between work-life balance and employee performance.

Key Words: Work Life Balance, Working Environment, Technology Advancement, Employee Assistance Programs, Employee Performance.

There is highly uncertain condition between the employees of different organization in the current situation and they have different issues regarding their job environment such as Covid-19 related health risk that if they are working in physical environment. People who are suspected to be unemployed in future they have job insecurity and dissatisfaction. In spite of all these issues people also found suitable circumstances in their jobs like flexible working hours, work from home and chances of learning latest scientific technology. With the help of this study we determined the impact of COVID19 related working environment on job satisfaction. In order to get high employee commitment, efficiency and effectiveness, low turnover and increased productivity it is necessary to focus on employee Job satisfaction. The research is quantitative in nature. Data was gathered from 2011 employees of FMCG sector in Karachi city through selfadministered questionnaire. Non probability convenient sampling method is used for data collection. Results indicate that there is significant and positive relationship between COVID-19 related working environment and Job satisfaction as t=4.352 at P<0.5 There is significant correlation is found between components of working environment (COVID-19 fear, Employee training opportunities, Job insecurity and Flexible working) and Job satisfaction. This research is beneficial for society by providing the awareness about the importance of working environment to make the employees satisfied. Satisfied employees use their full strength towards achieving the organizational goals and objectives

The aim of this study is to analyze the working environment, teamwork, and diversity of employees in relation to organizational satisfaction. The study used descriptive research with a survey as the primary instrument for data gathering. 85 respondents took part in the survey using a purposive sampling technique. The researcher used an adapted and modified questionnaire to gather data. This study used SPSS 20 to analyze the gathered data with the following statistical tools: frequency, percentage, means, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson-r. The study found that the respondents “agree” in all the mentioned statements from the four variables of the study. There were also significant differences found in the work environment, teamwork, and diversity when grouped according to demographic profile. And there is also a significant relationship between work environment, teamwork, diversity, and organizational satisfaction. The researcher provided pertinent recommendations at the end of the study.

Este trabajo fue elaborado como un análisis al libro "Psicología del Trabajo para Relaciones Laborales" de Carlos Guillén Gestoso y Rocío Guil Bozal (McGraw Hill, ISBN: 84-481-2518-5) (http://www.mcgraaw-hill.es ), desde el punto de vista crítico, indicando los elementos destacables, los conceptos que se considera son aplicables y los que no lo son. Es el punto de vista del estudiante Alberto Molina Ossa (año 2001) con base en las experiencias laborales vividas durante 20 años en el  ejercicio de la profesión de ingeniero electricista y la gestión de proyectos de infraestructura en ISA, una empresa de prestación de servicios de transporte de energía eléctrica, Interconexión Eléctrica S.A. www.isa.com.co

The readymade garment industry in Bangladesh has been growing almost uninterruptedly since the late 1970s. At the end of 2004, the sector survived the Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA) phase out as it triumphed over the relative emerging economies and continues to remain internationally competitive till date. The dynamic development of the industry has entailed great diversity in efficiency in comparison with the garment industries of other developing countries. Although there is a significant scale effect in profitability and productivity, no supporting evidence was found for the positive impact on competitiveness of industrial upgrading in terms of usage of expensive machinery, vertical integration, and industrial agglomeration. However, the painfully crippling state of working conditions for the labour, the safety hazards that they are forced to work in, and bleak future prospects ahead of them are just some of the concerns of the Bangladesh RMG sector. Amongst the garment workers 70 per cent are women, they toil from dawn to dusk even up to late night in spite of the wage discriminations and below satisfactory working levels. Affording daily items such as foods, cloths, housing, medicines, and even education of their wards necessitates umpteen of sacrifices. As a result, their children are deprived from their care and suffer from grave malnutrition coupled with unhygienic complexities. They simply have no time or scope for recreation and are even at times employed in making the garments themselves. Market force, represented by low wage of labor, the lackadaisical government attitudes, the negligence of legislative and the executive arms of the state and the dynamism inside the industry are just some of the factors responsible for their exploitation. The roles of the government, industrial associations and technology transfer are also known to affect the workers negatively. The research is aimed at exploration of the major causes that have resulted in the widespread deprivation of the workers in the Bangladesh RMG sector.

Tea is a natural product and virtually calorie-free when drunk without milk and sugar. Over the last few decades, tea has become one of India’s most important commodities. The Indian tea industry is about 172 years old. The credit for creating India’s vast tea empire goes to the British, who discovered tea in India. Tea is grown in the states viz. Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Tripura, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. However, production in substantial quantities is limited to the first five states. In Tamil Nadu, most of the tea plantations are situated in the Coonoor and Gudalur areas of the Nilgiris along with the Valparai region of Coimbatore district. Tea plantation in Tamil Nadu is mainly concentrated in Nilgiris district due to favourable agro-climatic conditions. Agro-climatic factors like climate rainfall, soil type and economic infrastructural facilities like transport, communication, credit facilities, input supply and marketing affect the production of tea. In tea industry, Employees are played a vital role for production of tea and running the tea industry in a proper way. In that case, the researcher has chosen the working conditions of employees in working tea industries of Nilgiris district.

There is highly uncertain condition between the employees of different organization in the current situation and they have different issues regarding their job environment such as Covid-19 related health risk that if they are working in physical environment. People who are suspected to be unemployed in future they have job insecurity and dissatisfaction. In spite of all these issues people also found suitable circumstances in their jobs like flexible working hours, work from home and chances of learning latest scientific technology. With the help of this study we determined the impact of COVID19 related working environment on job satisfaction. In order to get high employee commitment, efficiency and effectiveness, low turnover and increased productivity it is necessary to focus on employee Job satisfaction. The research is quantitative in nature. Data was gathered from 2011 employees of FMCG sector in Karachi city through selfadministered questionnaire. Non probability convenient sampling method is used for data collection. Results indicate that there is significant and positive relationship between COVID-19 related working environment and Job satisfaction as t=4.352 at P< .05. There is significant correlation is found between components of working environment (COVID-19 fear, Employee training opportunities, Job insecurity and Flexible working) and Job satisfaction. This research is beneficial for society by providing the awareness about the importance of working environment to make the employees satisfied. Satisfied employees use their full strength towards achieving the organizational goals and objectives.

The research was conducted to find out the relationship between the working environment and labor efficiency, comparative analysis between State enterprises and foreign enterprises in Vietnam. A good working environment is one of the key factors influencing the development of public servants as well as deciding on quality, the performance of the, organization, its business and functional unit. If the work environment is not good, it is very easy to encounter problems such as: quality, poor work performance; loss of solidarity; even the experienced public officials will resign and seek transfer to other working environment

Abstrak Seiring kemajuan teknologi membuka kesempatan bagi pekerja untuk tidak hanya terikat di satu ruang kerja permanen, coworking space hadir sebagai ruang kerja yang mampu mengakomodasi berbagai kebutuhan pengguna secara bersamaan. Coworking space memfasilitasi penggunanya untuk secara bebas berkolaborasi, namun tetap berfokus pada kepentingan individu. Sebagai ruang kerja kolaboratif, pengguna coworking space dapat berasal dari berbagai bidang pekerjaan, dimana mereka tentu memiliki perilaku kerja serta kebutuhan ruang kerja yang berbeda. Tiap individu memiliki tingkat kebutuhan akan interaksi, fokus dan privasi yang berbeda. Hal ini memengaruhi bagaimana cara mereka mengkondisikan ruang untuk bekerja, kapan dan sejauh mana mereka ingin berinteraksi atau tidak berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitar ketika bekerja. Di lain pihak, kolaborasi dan komunikasi ialah hal yang tidak dapat dihindarkan, bahkan merupakan nilai tambah sebuah coworking space. Hal ini menjadi tuntutan bagi coworking space untuk memiliki fleksibilitas dalam mengakomodasi penggunanya, tanpa serta merta memisahkan pengguna berkebutuhan berbeda. Fleksibilitas yang dimaksudkan ialah kemampuan adaptasi ruang untuk mengakomodasi perubahan kebutuhan penggunanya. Fleksibilitas ruang dapat dihasilkan oleh penataan elemen fisik ruang yaitu keterhubungan ruang, zoning, obyek dalam ruang dan pembatas ruang, dimana pengaturan fisik ini juga memengaruhi tingkat fleksibilitas yang dirasakan pengguna secara psikologis. Fleksibilitas secara fisik dapat diukur melalui konfigurasi, dimana oleh konfigurasi dapat dideterminasi level kedekatan, pembatasan ataupun fasilitasi komunikasi. Fleksibilitas tidak menjadi kebutuhan mutlak ruang untuk dapat menjalankan fungsinya, tetapi sebagai nilai tambah ruang kerja kolaboratif agar dapat mengakomodasi perilaku kerja penggunanya yang beragam.

La directive européenne sur le temps
de travail est engagée dans un
laborieux processus de révision depuis
2004. Faute d'accord entre le Conseil
et le Parlement, le dossier a abouti
sur la table des partenaires sociaux
européens qui doivent proposer un
scénario de sortie d'impasse pour
septembre. L'histoire sociale nous
montre que le temps de travail a
toujours été un sujet conflictuel.
La revendication ouvrière de la
journée de huit heures est un des
fondements du mouvement syndical.
Et les commentaires passionnés
autour des "35 heures à la française"
montrent que le temps de travail
reste au coeur du débat social.
Si les mobilisations syndicales
ont permis de réduire la durée
hebdomadaire officielle du travail
en Europe, au bénéfice de la santé
des travailleurs, elles n'ont pas
pu contenir la lame de fond que
constitue la flexibilisation du temps
de travail. Le travail de nuit et de
week-end, les horaires coupés, les
longues journées de travail et les
heures supplémentaires ou, au
contraire, du travail à horaire réduit
non librement choisi, ont tendance à
se banaliser parallèlement à l'essor de
l'économie de service et des nouvelles
technologies de l'information et de
la communication. Aucune catégorie
de travailleurs n'y échappe ; les
moins qualifiés et les femmes sont
cependant les plus touchés.

A critical examination of the role of directors and boards in relation to environment governance and corporate responses to various environmental and sustainability challenges. Raises questions about the impact of working and social environments upon behaviour, creativity, innovation and those who are disabled and what can be done to make them more supportive and inclusive. The article article draws upon a paper and speech prepared by Prof. Colin Coulson-Thomas for the 17th World Congress on Environment Management.

Quality of a company can be seen from the employees' performance. Employees' performance can be seen how manager operate the company. Not only depends on a leader, employee performance can also work well if the physical work environment is good. The physical work environment is one of the important indicators in founding a company. The goal is that the resources in it feel comfortable working. For example, if there is an office where the physical environment does not refer to the rules, it will cause difficulties for the employee's performance. This impasse results in inappropriate work. Incorrect work results will make the company name worse. That is why the physical environment of the office is very important. This analysis aims to determine the effect of the physical work environment on employee performance. The method used in this analysis is literature.

En dépit des incantations pour une
consommation durable, la grande
majorité des consommateurs
européens continuent à acheter
leurs produits alimentaires dans les
enseignes de la grande distribution.
Quelques groupes se partagent ce
juteux marché et ont acquis une
puissance telle qu’ils imposent
aux producteurs des prix de vente
toujours plus bas. Pas sûr que
le client sorte gagnant de cette
bataille des prix. Et que dire des
travailleurs ? Ils sont 19 millions
dans le secteur de la distribution
en Europe, dont de nombreux
employés des grandes surfaces à
prédominance alimentaire auxquels
est consacré ce dossier. L’essor
de la grande distribution a bien
évidemment permis à des centaines
de milliers d’Européens, dont une
proportion importante de jeunes
et de femmes, d’obtenir un travail.
Cette insertion professionnelle n’est
toutefois désormais possible qu’à la
condition de renoncer à un certain
nombre d’aspirations sur le plan
du bien-être au travail, et même au
niveau de la vie privée. Les contrats
précaires se sont multipliés, la
flexibilité horaire – travail posté,
en soirée, le week-end – s’est
généralisée, les salaires restent bas,
les notions de service et de qualité du
travail s’effacent devant les exigences
de productivité et l’autonomie des
travailleurs est réduite à néant par
des méthodes de management et des
technologies de plus en plus invasives.

The government has stepped up effort to offer attractive terms and conditions of service to its employees. It has also provided training and development opportunities, career progression, and an enabling environment to its employees to enable them offer services. However, their level of performance has not increased as expected. The objective of the study was to determine how working environment influences employee productivity among public primary school teachers in Imenti north sub county. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. This study was carried out in the 21 public primary schools in Imenti North Sub County, targeting the population of teachers’ service commission. The questionnaire was used to collect the data from the sample. It was also found that the employees would like to work in an organization where the working environment is friendly; they argued that they can work better and more effectively in such a working environment. The study also revealed that majority of the respondents would be satisfied if only the working environment was conducive. Therefore, the teachers’ service commission has to look for other ways of motivating its teachers by ensuring good working environment.

Εκπαιδευτικό Πρόγραμμα ΙΣΕΣ ΕΥΚΑΙΡΙΕΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ
Θεματική Ενότητα 4: Ίσες ευκαιρίες και διαφορετικότητα στο σύγχρονο εργασιακό περιβάλλον: Λ.Ο.Α.Τ.Κ.Ι.
Έρευνα, συγγραφή, εισήγηση: Θανάσης Θεοφιλόπουλος
Διοργάνωση: Εργαστήριο "ΜΕΘΕΞΗ" (Τμήμα Κοινωνιολογίας, Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο) σε συνεργασία με την Εταιρεία Διανομής Αερίου Αττικής Α.Ε.
Περίοδος υλοποίησης: Οκτώβριος 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan kerja dan stres kerja terhadap komitmen organisasional dan kinerja karyawan pada PT Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (Persero) Cabang Utama Klas Batam. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode analisis jalur (path analysis)
sedangkan pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kuesioner dengan 2 variabel eksogen dan 2 variabel endogen. Populasi yang digunakan menjadi sampel penelitian sebanyak 40 orang. Hasil dari penelitian bahwa lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap komitmen organisasional dan kinerja karyawan, stres kerja berpengaruh negatif terhadap komitmen organisasional dan kinerja karyawan, sedangkan komitmen organisasional berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan.

The retention of employees belonging to generation Y is a problematic issue. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate how compensation package, working environment, growth opportunities and frequent feedback affect the retention of generation Y employees. The questionnaire used in the study was adapted from the previous literature. The sample size for the study was 250 and the questionnaire was administered to respondents from selected business organizations. The results indicate that working environment, growth opportunities and frequent feedback tend to enhance the retention of generation Y employees. However, no significant association was found between compensation package and the retention of generation Y employees. The findings of the study need to be carefully analyzed in view of its limitations. The data was gathered from a small sample of business organizations operating in Karachi, Pakistan and selected variables were used. Future studies may investigate the retention of generation Y employees by evaluating a larger sample of business organizations in Pakistan.

Till this day, knowledge surpasses strength in a way we handle different situation. Action
may speak louder than words but by doing the wrong action it may bring us unpredictable
misfortunes. The society of today is therefore in a dire need of essential knowledge
through the use of the education system and experience accumulated from various
encounter in life. This article is about a review between education and experience, the
potentiality of either two or both in resulting to a better productivity. The combinations of
the knowledge will result in better quality of work and productivity in the working
environment.

Keywords: Knowledge; education; experience; productivity; working environment.

The aim of this study is to analyse the working environment, teamwork and diversity of employees in relation to organisational satisfaction. The study used descriptive research with a survey as the primary instrument for data gathering. A total of 85 respondents took part in the survey using a purposive sampling technique. The researcher used a modified questionnaire to gather data. This study used Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20 to analyse the gathered data with the following statistical tools: frequency, percentage, means, t-test, analysis of variance and Pearson's r. The study found that the respondents 'agree' in all the mentioned statements from the four variables of the study. There were also significant differences found in the work environment, teamwork and diversity when grouped according to the demographic profile. There was also a significant relationship between work environment, teamwork, diversity and organisational satisfaction. The paper recommends sustaining a good and viable work environment for employees by providing ambient and conducive workplaces.

Stress has become a killer condition given the pressures and demands of our present times. More people are either laid low or dying from stress. Unfortunately, stress is a silent killer that strikes before its victim can realize what his problem is. Stress in the workplace adds additional load to an average worker who must grapple with the daily demands and pressure from the workplace. This paper explored the relationship between corporate governance and stress management in the workplace. An examination of available literature shows that factors in the work place that cause stress include work overload, time pressure, long hours of work, lack of breaks, difficult or complex tasks, lack of variety, poor physical work conditions (congested office space, high temperature, poor lighting, etc.), role ambiguity, role conflict, over promotion, under promotion, thwarted ambition, absence of job security, problem of relationship with superiors and colleagues, inability to delegate responsibilities, absence or insufficient participation in decision making, office politics, behavioural restrictions, absence of effective consultation and financial difficulties, generating of loud noise by machines. Signs of stress can exhibit in several forms such as changes in behaviour, which in acute cases displays in the areas of feelings, behaviour or physical symptoms. Acute stress can exhibit in the forms of irritability, anxiety, fatigue, depression, withdrawal, aggressive behaviour, tearfulness, dullness, loss of motivation, loss of concentration, loss of ability to solve problems, sexual dysfunction, gastrointestinal disorders, recurrent headache, etc. Prolonged cases of stress in an individual can alter the “neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, autonomic and immunological functions” of the body leading to physical and mental illness. It was established that management by way of corporate governance can formulate policies that are geared towards managing the level of stress in the workplace. The recommendations made included that management should do the following; make the work place employee-friendly by providing conducive work environment and office spaces; establish a culture of filial relationships in the organization whereby employees see one another as friends and team-mates and relate to one another in cordial and courteous manner; popularize the organizational work ethics and enforce strict disciplinary measures on defaulters especially on harassment of every kind; establish clear job responsibilities and roles to prevent role ambiguity and job conflict; establish recreational centres for workers to ease off during breaks or at free time; functional health facilities should be provided and workers should have ready access to them; encourage open communication between employees and superiors and among all workers.

Keywords: Corporate, economic, employee, governance, management, organization, stress, workplace

La denominación “modelo obrero italiano” se refiere a un conjunto de prácticas y análisis que a partir de los años 60 del siglo XX cambiaron profundamente los enfoques tradicionales de la salud y seguridad laboral. Surgido desde movilizaciones en grandes fábricas, dicha experiencia permitió también un cuestionamiento de todas las disciplinas especializadas en salud y seguridad del trabajo. Si el mundo del trabajo ha cambiado de modo significativo, algunos elementos esenciales del modelo
obrero italiano siguen dando respuestas válidas a los problemas actuales de salud y seguridad. Un balance crítico ayuda también a identificar aspectos soslayados o limitaciones.

Learning and research environments in academic campus context are undergoing fast changes. The changes are occurring both on the level of technology implemented to the environment and the space itself as the traditional cellular offices are increasingly being replaced by open work environments. Knowledge workers, such as the researchers, are at the core of creativity and innovation. The ideal working and learning environments support both creative thinking and collaborative interaction. This article explores the current understanding of the requirements of high quality research and learning environments, and it aims to examine the link between creativity and space. In doing so, I wish to highlight how the architecture of the workspace can respond to the requirements of a successful working environment and how immaterial elements, such as lighting for instance, can induce creative thought,  achievement, and innovation and importantly enhance the well-being of the occupants of the space. Furthermore, I will look into how the architecture and technology of the space affect the dissemination of tacit and explicit knowledge amongst individuals and within groups. As part of my research project, aimed to provide new scientific information of the real user needs in academic working and learning environments and create concepts of hybrid multi-spaces, I will discuss in this paper how architecture and lighting design can support knowledge sharing, peer-to-peer interactions, creativity and innovation, which are imperative for success in knowledge work. Hence, the findings could inform the design of new learning and working environments suitable for both user expectations and knowledge production.

The world is changing and these changes have deeply affected the status of women as entrepreneurs; women’s working force is growing by the day along with their entrepreneurship, forcing women to find a balance between their jobs and their personal lives. This research analyses the degree of the impact of stress and the working environment on women entrepreneurs ’ efficient decision-making and job satisfaction. An empirical investigation is carry out in four states in the Mexican Republic. It is using multiple regression analyses in SPSS. Results show that working environment impacts positively on women entrepreneurs ’ efficient decision-making. This means that by having a good working environment, women entrepreneurs are able to have good relationships with workers in order to face decision.

Women were drawn to court for a variety of reasons. Having the chance to
serve the electress, infl uence political decisions and represent their family
were not the only attractions. As previously discussed, only a small number
of female employees attained a position of trust. To have a close relationship with the electress was only possible for members of her aristocratic entourage: two maids of honour ( Hoffräulein ), up to six ladies-in-waiting (Hofdamen ) and at most two court mistresses (Hofmeisterinnen) could be waiting on the electress. Yet, one of the crucial findings of this paper is certainly that attending to the electress meant more than just keeping her company. Female courtiers had significant functions at court, being part of Therefore, court service provided a platform for a far wider range of activities. Female offi ceholders invested in developing their qualificationsand professional skills; some of them even moved to other countries when a princess married abroad and was allowed to bring some familiar companions and servants. Usually this kind of relocation went along with a promotion and meant a huge career step. It is not surprising that the noble networks at court attracted the social elite. Courtly life formed the heart and soul of the country. Munich’s early modern electoral court employed a variety of female offi cers, from diverse social and geographical backgrounds and with a range of educational abilities. For all of these women, the court of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was not only a place of employment but also a marriage market and a vital place to cultivate family connections and patronage networks. Women could successfully advance their career at court by obtaining a position of trust close to the prince or princess.

Britta Kägler, Serving the Prince as the First Step of Female Careers: The Electoral Court of Munich, c. 1660–1840, in: Ilmakunnas, Johanna / Rahikainen, Marjatta / Vainio-Korhonen, Kirsi (Hg.), Early Professional Women in Northern Europe, c. 1650–1850 (Routledge Research in Early Modern History), London–New York 2018, 43–67

The present paper seeks to analyse how a virtual reality system can foster employee well-being at the workplace. In order to answer the research problem, whether such a system can benefit employees in regards to their well-being, stress perception and relaxation, an empirical case study was conducted. Relevant literature both on the advantages of virtual reality systems in general and on different approaches to fostering employee well-being are displayed and discussed within the paper, leading up to a description of the methodology. Based on a sample of 52 participants from Germany, Austria and Croatia an empirical study with a quantitative, pre- and post-study approach was conducted. Participants were assessed in regards to their initial stress perception, before they used either the REALEX system (a VR based relaxation tool displaying natural landscapes in a virtual reality setting) or a video streaming service on a classical display. The statistical analyses revealed that the usage of the REALEX system was able to significantly improve participants’ stress perception and well- being. In doing so it – also significantly – exceeded the positive effect that the control setting (video streaming) had in these regards. Potential limitations of the study are presented and recommendations both for practical work in the field of human resource management and for scientific research are deducted.

Purpose: The main aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence and severity of FSD in women working in tertiary hospitals. Material and methods: The study sample was drawn from health care women between the ages of 20 and 65 years, working in two hospitals in Greece. This descriptive study used a structured Greek questionnaire and sexual function screener and quality of life sectors were consisted of rated scale questions. Eighty eight questionnaires were returned properly completed. The statistical analysis used the SPSS statistical program. Results: Female sexual dysfunction is a highly prevalent health issue whose exact incidence is not well defined. Factors that can contribute to female sexual dysfunction may be psychogenic, physical, mixed or unknown. Each of these factors consists of individual components that influence the sexual response; however their precise impact in FSD development and progression is unknown. Moreover, the role of circadian rhythm disorders (especi...

This study analyses the satisfaction of workers from their working environment during the current financial crisis in Greece. As a case study, work satisfaction is examined among employees of the Region of Epirus, Greece who, on a daily basis, serve the needs of a large geographical region. In order to achieve this, we conducted an empirical research in 2018 using the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) model. From the findings of this research and in accordance with those of other international surveys, we conclude that satisfaction from endogenous factors (e.g. activity, independence, creativity etc.) is higher than exogenous (e.g. human relations, remuneration, colleagues, working conditions etc.). In addition, the study of satisfaction per group of employees indicates that the Director/Office Manager and the University Educational employees appear more satisfied when it comes to satisfaction deriving from endogenous factors and more dissatisfied as far as indicators of exogenous satisfaction is concerned.

Geschichte erfreut sich nicht nur in der deutschen Öffentlichkeit einer ungebrochenen Popularität und spielt in vielen gesellschaftlichen Diskursen eine wichtige Rolle. Dabei nimmt die universitäre Geschichtswissenschaft jedoch häufig nur einen Platz am Rande ein. Um sich auch zukünftig wirkungsvoll an öffentlichen Geschichtsdiskursen beteiligen zu können, ist die „Zunft" aufgefordert, sich vielfältigen inneren wie äußeren Herausforderungen zu stellen und konstruktive Lösungen zu suchen und zu finden. Dieser Band diskutiert wichtige Problemlagen der deutschen Geschichtswissenschaft im 21. Jahrhundert, indem er Herausforderungen identifiziert, benennt und produktiv macht.

Police service employees are extremely crucial to the country since their value is essentially intangible and not easily replicated. Kenya police service employees have been complaining of career growth and opportunity, better compensation, structured induction programs, performance management tools, equitable compensation packages, job satisfaction and good leadership skills were found to influence their decision to stay with their current employer. The objective of this study was to establish the influence of working environment on organizational performance in the Kenya Police Service. The study was carried out in the police services using Lakipia Police Divisional Headquarters. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The target population of the study was 86 disciplined uniformed officers who work in the Laikipia Police Division headquarters. The researcher conducted a census of all the respondents from the Laikipia Police Division headquarter. Descriptive statistics which includes frequencies and percentages were used to analyze data. The study used Pearson correlation analysis to test the hypothesis and the p-value from test statistic. The study concludes that working environment is one of the key issues in the world’s Kenya police service. The study recommends that the governments should ensure that police officers are given proper working tools and equipment to improve their performance. The police department should professionally come up with a practical scheme of service and policies that ensures that there is no conflicting policies in the police organization structure.

Over 80% of export earnings are come from ready-made garments sector in Bangladesh. Basically, this sector is the key base of foreign earnings and as well as for employment generation to the economic development of a nation as a whole. About more than 5 million workers are involved in this sector of Bangladesh. In recent years, this sector is facing serious disturbances from workers due to unwelcomed working environment which are created a serious bad image to the international buyers. Keeping this concern, the study is try to find out the relationship between labor unrest and working environment of ready-made garments sector in Bangladesh. A total of 80 workers were selected through simple random sampling technique (lottery method). To collect primary data a well structured and close-ended questionnaire has been used. The data were analyzed and interpreted using linear regression, coefficient analysis and SPSS 16.0 to serve the purpose of the study. The study concluded with the observation that majority of the respondents give emphasis on unjust payment behavior, absence of proper infrastructural facilities, absence of proper recreation facilities and mental harassment. If the government and authority of garments sector in Bangladesh work over these issues seriously then it will be easily eliminated.