World cup

The present paper intends to portray, although briefly, the construction of the image of the black in the Brazilian soccer under the context of World Cups from the period of 1938 to 1958. It is important to highlight the role of sports journals such as Diário de Pernambuco and Folha da Tarde, as well as the role of the Estado Novo in the construction of a new political ideology of national identity.

Planners, politicians, boosters and other elites often use mega-events like the 2018 FIFA Men’s World Cup as a strategy for urban development. This was also the case with the World Cup, hosted in eleven Russian cities and designed to modernize Russia’s peripheral host cities. While the idea of developing cities through mega-events is common, the Russian experience displays much that is new.
This paper examines urban development in the World Cup as an example of mobile policy, exploring how this mega-event was imported from abroad and how this policy mutated as it was implemented on the ground in Russia. The specificities of the Russian experience were due in large part to the ways in which the World Cup organizing committee was created and operated as an extension of the central government in Moscow. What appeared at first to be a way for Russian peripheral host cities to differentiate themselves through urban development in a form of inter-urban competition, turned out to be a reestablishment of the central state in regional spatial planning. In this way, even as certain material conditions in the host cities were improved, the World Cup represented not an expression of regional democracy, nor even a strategy for inter-urban differentiation, but rather one more instance of development dictated from the center and from afar.

At the end of January, it was revealed that the Tees Valley will play host to the 2021 Rugby League World Cup. Here historian Dr Tosh Warwick of Manchester Metropolitan University looks back at when the area last played host to a World Cup…

Sporting championships and other media events can induce very strong feelings of co-presence that can change communication patterns within large communities. Live tweeting reactions to media events provide high-resolution data with time-stamps to understand these behavioral dynamics. We employ a computational focus group method to identify a population of 790,744 international Twitter users, and we track their behavior before, during, and after the 2014 FIFA World Cup. We pick, in particular, a set of Twitter users who specified the teams that they are supporting, such that we can identify communities of fans of the teams, as well as the entire community of World Cup fans. The structure, dynamics, and content of communication of these communities of users are analyzed to compare behavior outside of the matches to behavior during the event and to examine behavioral responses across languages. Specifically, the temporal patterns of the tweeting volume, topics, retweeting, and mentioning behaviors are analyzed. We find there are similarities in the responses to media events, characteristic changes in activity patterns of users, and substantial di↵erences in linguistic features. These findings have implications for designing more resilient socio-technical systems during crises and developing better models of complex social behavior.

The memory of the 1950 FIFA World Cup in Brazil is inextricably bound up with Brazil's defeat against Uruguay in the tournament's deciding game. Known afterwards as the Maracanazo, it was a source of national collective grief. Literature on the topic has mainly adopted an internal perspective, highlighting the significance of the Maracanazo and this sporting event in terms of nation building. However, drawing on archives (FIFA, Brazil's ministry of foreign affairs) and European newspapers, this article addresses the visibility and prestige that the 1950 World Cup brought to Brazilian football. An analysis of the tournament's organization in the postwar context reveals its dimensions and international impact and raises two questions: Did the Brazilian organizers and authorities, particularly the diplomatic service, envision this World Cup as an opportunity to promote their country? And what representations of Brazil and Brazilian football were conveyed by the European journalists dispatched to South America to cover the competition?

Research on pride occurs in disciplines which often neglect the potential to develop a rich interdisciplinary perspective on the personal, political and cultural significance of positive and patriotic feelings (Sullivan 2008). Personality, emotion and social psychologists, for example, often consider national pride in individualistic terms without attending either to the media that nurture such feelings or the contexts in which national pride is experienced and expressed (i.e., national pride is often regarded as an emotional attitude to be assessed by self-report scales rather than in-depth qualitative interviews). Sports scientists, sociologists, media and cultural studies experts, in contrast, focus on the transmission and reception of media messages and the meaning and form of collective emotional events without necessarily considering the complex relationships between personal feelings, identity and national narratives. Accordingly, the aim of this chapter is to explore the role of televised events in creating ‘waves’ of national emotion by drawing on a range of evidence and relevant theories. The example particularly suited to this task is Germany during the 2006 World Cup because the collective ‘party patriotism’ represented to television viewers reinforced real and imagined changes in the country.

The costs of hosting the FIFA World Cup have increased exponentially since the turn of the twenty-first century. While municipal and federal governments invested in stadium infrastructure for previous tournaments, such as Italy 1990
and France 1998, by today's standards the scope and scale of investments were comparatively small. Beginning with Japan/Korea 2002 when the hosts combined
to build or renovate twenty stadiums, there has been an escalating impact on host cities as local, regional, and federal governments use the World Cup to meet the infrastructural and technical demands ofFIF A and to push through projects aimed
at "legacy development." This chapter explores the impacts on Brazilian cities of hosting the World Cup. My analysis stems from observations developed during a long engagement with scholars, activists, and media in Brazil as well as a longitudinal study that dealt with the urban impacts of the World Cup on all twelve host cities.

Megaeventos esportivos são idealizados por governos como uma maneira de aumentar a visibilidade internacional dos países, e de diferentes formas, impulsionar a economia, gerando benefícios econômicos para a sociedade. O presente artigo visa analisar a percepção dos residentes em relação aos impactos gerados pelo evento no turismo nas Cidades-sede, no período pré-evento. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado o modelo de e-survey ou Eletronic Survey, por meio da aplicação de um questionário on-line, no momento pré-Copa, estruturado em quatro blocos temáticos, que apontavam a percepção de impactos: no turismo, na economia, na infraestrutura e serviços públicos; e perfil do entrevistado. A população residente na cidade do Rio de Janeiro foi o público alvo da pesquisa. Para o sucesso do mundial é necessário que além de investimentos públicos e privados aconteça o envolvimento da população e, para tal, é importante que se entenda qual o grau de aceitação da comunidade receptora ao megaevento. A análise dos resultados da pesquisa realizada mostrou que os impactos positivos - como melhoria de infraestrutura, estímulo ao comércio e turismo - são claramente percebidos pela população; assim como as negatividades - como aumento de preço, prejuízo financeiro e distração para esconder problemas do país – que também apresentaram alto grau de concordância. A abordagem do tema do presente artigo se dá em um momento no qual se faz necessário entender a percepção dos residentes quanto à receptividade e imagem do país; o legado deixado por meio das melhorias feitas pelo setor público nas áreas ligadas diretamente ao evento e dimensiona geograficamente a abrangência dos impactos gerados por este megaevento.

Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Research Design 4 Definitions 5 Theoretical Review 11 Literature Review 18 Chapter 3: History of the IOC and FIFA 29 Chapter 4: Case Studies 41 Argentina 41 Mexico 50 South Korea 57 China 64 Analysis 74 Conclusion 79

Resumo: A eliminação a seleção brasileira da Copa de 2014 aconteceu após uma derrota para a Alemanha pelo placar de 7 a 1. Esse jogo foi interpretado por grande parte da imprensa esportiva como a maior vergonha dos cem anos da seleção nacional, completados naquele mesmo ano. Para contar a história do 7 a 1 foi constante o acionamento da derrota de 1950 feito em grande medida com o objetivo de demonstrar que a eliminação da seleção brasileira da Copa de 2014 havia sido uma derrota que quitaria com a chamada " tragédia de 1950 " como ficou conhecida a derrota do Brasil para o Uruguai na Copa daquele ano, no Maracanã. Este artigo propõe-se a analisar as recepções das decisivas derrotas da seleção brasileira em 1950 e 2014, produzidas pela imprensa esportiva, objetivando mostrar aproximações e distanciamentos. Os diferentes modos de se narrar o fracasso da seleção brasileira em campo, em Copas do Mundo, indicam importantes mudanças no cenário nacional e global, relativos não somente ao futebol, mas a aspectos vinculados à imprensa esportiva, assim como às interpretações que o país faz de si mesmo por intermédio do futebol e, em especial, durante as Copas do Mundo. Palavras-chave: Copa de 1950. Copa de 2014. Imprensa esportiva. Abstract: Goodbaye Maracanazo? The press narratives on the Brazilian team from the 1950 tragedy to the 2014 shame. The elimination of the Brazilian team of the 2014 World Cup took place after a defeat to Germany at 7 score of 1. This game was played by much of the sports press as the greatest shame of the hundred years of the national team, completed that same year. To tell the story of 7-1 was constant drive of the 1950 defeat done largely in order to demonstrate that the elimination of the Brazilian team of the 2014 World Cup was a defeat that quitaria with the so-called "1950 tragedy" as He became known the defeat of Brazil to Uruguay in the World Cup that year, at the Maracana. This article proposes to analyze the reception of the decisive defeat of the Brazilian team in 1950 and 2014, produced by the sports press, aiming to show similarities and differences. The different ways of narrating the failure of the Brazilian team in the field, in the World Cup, indicate important changes in the national and global stage, relating not only to football, but the aspects related to the sports press, as well as the interpretations that the country is himself through football, and especially during the World Cup.

According to the Qatar National Vision, the country aims to become an “advanced country” by 2030. While this is a realistic target with respect to infrastructure development, it remains to be seen whether Qatar can also succeed in other areas, particularly domestic democratization processes and increased international recognition, both of which are intertwined.

This chapter provides the reader with a background to the political analysis of Qatar and the 2022 FIFA World Cup and to the text itself. It does so by first offering a succinct account of the motives underpinning Qatar's desire to stage one of the largest events on the planet, as well as various responses to FIFA's decision to award Qatar the games. The chapter then progresses towards providing the reader with the key theoretical framework which the authors use throughout the text: small states and international relations; in doing so, it is made clear in this chapter that the authors look to analyse Qatar from a social constructivist-international relations perspective, one that views 'power' in broader terms, encompassing both material and subjective factors. Finally, the chapter sets out the structure of the text, and the remaining chapters.

Link to order the book: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-96822-9#reviews

Theorists have emphasized brand differentiation in achieving a competitive advantage through sponsorship, and managers of sports sponsorships have recognized product category exclusivity as among the most valued rights afforded sponsoring firms. Yet the proliferation of sponsorships in the sports marketplace poses a challenge to sponsors attempting to establish a unique brand position apart from the clutter. The competition between corporate rivals for sponsorship exclusivity in the world's highest profile sporting arenas has begun to spill into the courtroom. The purpose of this paper is to review the cases of MasterCard versus FIFA, and AT&T versus NASCAR, and discuss the relevance of these contract disputes to sponsorship scholars and practitioners. Specifically, the courts’ finding of irreparable harm faced by the excluded sponsor offers an intriguing legal recognition of the theorized goodwill and inimitability of corporate affiliation with a specific sponsored enterprise. The cases also contribute an opposing view of best practices, where legal ramifications arise from treating sponsorship as a property-based resource and neglecting the relational dimensions of collaborative communication, trust, and commitment emphasized by contemporary sponsorship theory.

This article investigates why the small Middle Eastern country Qatar is investing so heavily in the sport sector. The country is hosting prestigious sporting events such as the Asian Games, the handball and the football World Cup, promotes elite sport success by local and naturalized athletes and invests in famous sport clubs abroad. The article analyses how sport is used as a domestic policy tool, for example to develop a healthy society and to attract white-collar expats from abroad. Sport is also used as a foreign policy tool to build relations with as many countries and people in the world as possible to gain soft power and for national security reasons.

The 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia was another demonstration in how sports and politics mix. In protest of Russian politics, few leaders from Western countries attended. For this World Cup, public resources were misused in that half of the stadiums built in Russia were left as “white elephants” with no long- term use. The tournament in Russia marked a shift from the West to the East with sponsors from authoritarian countries having saved the business model of FIFA. The policy of fining misconduct during the World Cup showed FIFA’s commitment to protect its remaining sponsors while proclaimed values, such as fighting racism, were of minor importance. The case of Iranian women using the opportunity not only to attend their national team’s games in Russia but also to advocate for the right of women to enter stadiums in Iran showed that football can also be an agent for social change. In two countries (Germany, United States), World Cup matches hosted female commentators on television for the first time. In Belgium, players operated largely above the Flemish-Walloon divide. The article concludes by comparing the last World Cup in Russia with the next one in Qatar and identifying topics for future research.

Durante su trayectoria, Diego Armando Maradona siempre ha demostrado una importante dosis de rebeldía. Algunos de sus biógrafos lo han calificado como rebelde con causa (Levinsky, 1996). Peleado desde sus tempranos pasos de futbolista con el diario Clarín (Fernández & Nagy, 1994), sus enfrenamientos con las estructuras de poder lo llevaron a la enemistad con el presidente de la FIFA, João Havelange, y su entonces secretario general, Joseph Blatter. La relación fue también tensa durante décadas con Julio Grondona, el caudillo de la Asociación de Fútbol Argentino (AFA). El tiempo, los escándalos de sobornos internacionales del fútbol y sus socios “descubiertos” en el año 2015 parecen haberle dado la razón a un Maradona que durante años fue estigmatizado por sus tropiezos personales. Le hicieron pagar, constantemente, su oposición a poderes depredadores.

Lo sport è oggi sempre più centrale all’interno della nostra società. Vero e proprio fenomeno di massa, è possibile riconoscerne da una parte il forte ruolo educativo e inclusivo, dall’altra il notevole peso specifico sull’economia mondiale effetto del contemporaneo processo di globalizzazione. Dinamiche che hanno portato lo studioso belga Paul De Knop a parlare di “sportivizzazione della società”. A partire dalle conclusioni tratte da un precedente lavoro di ricerca sull’evoluzione dello storytelling calcistico nei media italiani, l’analisi è stata allargata all’industria mediale argentina in cui il fútbol, centro dell’agenda mediatica e dell’esperienza quotidiana dell’individuo, ha conosciuto un’incredibile proliferazione fino alla creazione del monopolio tematico più potente dello spettacolo locale. Oggetto di studio dell’investigazione condotta presso la Universidad de Buenos Aires è stata in particolare la contrapposizione interna al Paese tra due diversi modelli di racconto. Da una parte la tendenza alla spettacolarizzazione tipica dello sport entertainment, paradigma che attraverso una forte mediatizzazione e la drammatizzazione del racconto consente la produzione di contenuti sempre più coinvolgenti per un’audience eterogenea e che ha incontrato notevole fortuna all’interno di un sistema televisivo dal carattere monopolistico come quello creato in Argentina da Torneos y Competencias. Dall’altra il ricchissimo filone sudamericano del relato radiofonico, pioniere nel mondo per la narrazione dello sport in tempo reale e in grado, grazie alla capacità evocativa della parola, di guidare l’immaginazione dell’ascoltatore attraverso il racconto oracolare di un testimone privilegiato. Polarizzazione perfettamente riassunta nello stile dei due più rappresentativi professionisti della storia del giornalismo sportivo argentino: Marcelo Araujo e Victor Hugo Morales, i due estremi dell’ipotetica linea su cui si muove il racconto calcistico. Il primo plasma in televisione un modello vicino al discorso del tifoso, adottando nelle sue telecronache un registro linguistico totalmente informale e una serie di espedienti con l’obiettivo di intrattenere il pubblico tramite la proposizione di un simulacro del salotto domestico. Il secondo, passato alla storia per l’emozionante monologo con cui accompagna il gol del secolo di Maradona a Messico ’86, ha al contrario il merito di unire in radio calcio e letteratura in una narrazione sportiva basata sulla metafora e la ricerca della perfezione lessicale che trasformerà in modo decisivo il relato nel mondo rioplatense. Un binomio simbolo delle divisioni interne all’industria mediatica dell’Argentina che si sviluppa sullo sfondo di una nazione attraversata da profondi problemi socio-economici e con una cultura fortemente incentrata sul calcio: religione laica, mezzo di evasione e strumento politico a disposizione dei governi, dalla passione popolare come comune denominatore.

Introducción a Historia del Fútbol, nro completo: http://www.istor.cide.edu/revistaNo57.html
1. Una pincelada de fútbol e historia
2. Entrevista con Emmanuel Petit, campeón del mundo en Francia 1998
3. Reseña del libro Traidores a la Nación.

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Mega-events such as the Olympic Games and the Football World Cup have become complex and transformative undertakings over the last 30 years, with costs often exceeding USD $10 billion. These events are currently planned and governed in ways that produce adverse effects for cities, regions, and residents. This study identifies a mega-event syndrome, a group of symptoms that occur together and afflict mega-event planning, including overpromising benefits, underestimating costs, rewriting urban planning priorities to fit the event, using public resources for private interest, and suspending the regular rule of law. I describe each of these symptoms, providing empirical examples from different countries and mega-events, examining the underlying causes. The research is based on material from field visits to mega-event sites in 11 countries as well as 51 interviews with planners, managers, politicians, and consultants involved in mega-event planning.Takeaway for practice: To curb the mega-event syndrome, I propose both radical and incremental policy suggestions. The most crucial radical change that an event host could make is to not tie mega-events to large-scale urban development, avoiding higher risks that create cost overruns, substandard construction quality, and oversized infrastructure not suitable for post-event demands. Further, event hosts should bargain with event-governing bodies for better conditions, earmark and cap public sector contributions, and seek independent advice on the costs and benefits of mega-events. Event-governing bodies, for their part, should reduce the size and requirements of the events.

En una edición anterior de Cuadernos del Mundial (2014), Simoni Lahud Guedes y Pablo Alabarces propusieron un juego de espejos sobre las narrativas brasileñas y argentinas en torno al Mundial de Fútbol (de varones) en Brasil. Hablaron de "estilos nacionales", comunidades imaginadas y... varones. En el presente artículo, retomaremos el ejercicio de pensar las patrias futboleras comparativamente sin nacioncentrismos mediantes; pero nos distanciaremos de nuestrxs maestrxs al hablar sobre las prohibiciones, invisibilidades, escamoteos y luchas de... mujeres. Al calor de la 8ª Copa Mundial Femenina de Fútbol en Francia, proponemos una historia mínima y comparada de las futboleras argentinas y brasileñas.

One initial step in the management of stakeholders is the identification and classification of these actors. This study sought to answer the research question: how managers of Brazilian professional soccer clubs identify and classify their stakeholders? For this purpose we used the theoretical framework Stakeholder Theory, developed by Freeman (1984) and other researchers. We used the method proposed by Almeida et al. (2000), which assesses the saliency through the concepts power, legitimacy, and urgency, which were proposed in the study by Mitchell et al. (1997). There were two propositions concerning the context of Brazilian soccer clubs: first, the urgency perceived by managers in demands of a stakeholder is high when his legitimacy is high; second, the most salient stakeholders for managers are those with high legitimacy. Stakeholders were studied as perceived by the managers of Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras. Three types of stakeholders were classified as demanding (sponsors, partners and the partner for the construction of the new stadium), and three as dependents (members, athletes of professional soccer team and media). Other stakeholders identified were classified as irrelevant, including fans and the organized groups of fans. In the specific case of these managers of this particular soccer club, the trend was the acceptance of both propositions.

It’s a good time, almost 12 years after the world soccer body, FIFA, awarded Qatar the 2022 World Cup hosting rights and five months before the tournament, to evaluate the campaign to reform the country’s erstwhile onerous labor system and accommodate fans whose lifestyles violate restrictive laws and/or go against deeply rooted cultural attitudes.

In a journal article entitled "'No More Peace!': How Disaster, Terror and War Have Upstaged Media Events" (2007), Elihu Katz and Tamar Liebes offered a substantial revision of Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History (Dayan & Katz, 1992). Katz and Liebes included " dark " events in the " media events " concept, distinguishing unexpected, disruptive events from the carefully scripted, integrative events that had been the sole focus of Media Events. They also claimed that disruptive events – like disaster, terror and war – have in fact upstaged more classical media events. In contrast, in this chapter I argue that ceremonial media events-as originally conceptualized by Dayan and Katz in the nineties-are still essential and powerful features of our social lives. First, I present an overview of the " pessimistic turn " of media events research and provide my criticism of it. Second, I discuss three contemporary case studies from three national contexts: the Obama inauguration (2009), the royal wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton (2011) and the most recent World Cup (2014). These three events represent the three basic scripts introduced by Dayan and Katz: " conquest, " " coronation " and " contest. " I argue that the selected case studies (and many other events) still bring societies and nations together in our " disillusioned " media environment, providing momentary hope for local and cosmopolitan citizens.