Pump Control (Main Hydraulic) - Main Pump Regulator

320D & 320D L Excavators CXY00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3066 Engine(SEB...
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Product: EXCAVATOR
Model: 320D EXCAVATOR CXY
Configuration: 320D & 320D L Excavators CXY00001-UP (MACHINE)
POWERED BY 3066 Engine
Systems Operation
320D Excavator Hydraulic System
Media Number -RENR7294-00 Publication Date -01/10/2005 Date Updated -31/10/2005
i02580611
Pump Control (Main Hydraulic) - Main Pump Regulator

SMCS - 3222; 5070; 5086
Operation
The regulators for the right pump and the left pump are identical in construction and operation. The
following description is given for the left pump regulator.
The main pump regulators are controlled in the following manner.
Power Shift System - The pump regulators are controlled by the electronic control system. The machine
ECM continually monitors the engine speed and the load on the engine. The machine ECM sends an
electrical signal to the proportional reducing valve for power shift pressure. The proportional reducing valve
assists in controlling the output flow of the pumps by changing the hydraulic signal pressure (power shift
pressure) that flows to the pump regulators.
Cross sensing control - The pump regulators are controlled by cross sensing control. In order to maintain
the engine horsepower to the pumps at a constant rate, the pump regulators receive average delivery
pressure of the right pump and the left pump through the cross sensing control. This is called constant
horsepower control.
Negative Flow Control - When the joysticks and/or the travel levers/pedals are in the NEUTRAL position
or when the joysticks and/or the travel levers/pedals are partially moved from the NEUTRAL position, the
pump regulators receive negative flow control pressure from the main control valve. The main pumps are
controlled by negative flow control pressure at this time.
ReferenceFor more information concerning the power shift system, refer to Systems Operation, "Pilot
Hydraulic System".
ReferenceFor more information concerning the negative flow control operation at the main control valve,
refer to Systems Operation, "Negative Flow Control System".
https://127.0.0.1/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/sisweb/sisweb/med... 4/12/2007
320D & 320D L Excavators CXY00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3066 Engine(SEB... Page 2 of 13
Illustration 1 g00687567
P-Q characteristic curve
(A) Pressure/flow point (destroke point)
(B) P-Q characteristic curve
The output characteristics of each pump depends on the following pressures.
z Pump output circuit pressure
z Power shift pressure
z Negative flow control pressure
The flow rate of each pump is represented on P-Q characteristic curve (B) from pressure/flow point (A) .
Each point on the P-Q characteristic curve represents the flow rate and pressure when pump output
horsepower is maintained at a constant rate.
Pump compartment
(1) Proportional reducing valve (power shift pressure)
(44) Line (negative flow control pressure to right pump regulator)
(67) Line (pilot oil flow to proportional reducing valve)
(68) Line (negative flow control pressure to left pump regulator)
(69) Line (power shift pressure from proportional reducing valve to left pump regulator)
Main pumps
(6) Port (negative flow control pressure to the right pump)
(17) Port (negative flow control pressure to the left pump)
Left pump regulator
(20) Swashplate
(26) Pin
(31) Passage
(32) Passage
(33) Passage (average delivery pressure of the right pump and the left pump)
(34) Guide
(35) Slide plate
(36) Control linkage
(38) Passage (power shift pressure)
(41) Spool
(42) Pilot piston
(43) Control piston
(46) Passage
(47) Piston
(48) Piston chamber
(49) Passage
(50) Passage
(51) Sleeve
(52) Shoulder
(54) Pin
(56) Left body
(65) Piston chamber
(66) Passage
(P2) Left pump delivery pressure
Left pump delivery pressure (P2) flows through passage (66) and passage (32) into the left chamber around
spool (41) . Spool (41) meters the oil flow through passage (49) to passage (46) , passage (31) and piston
chamber (48) in order to control the movement of piston (47) .
The cross sensing control delivers the average delivery pressure of the right pump and the left pump (PM)
through passage (33) . Under total horsepower control, the average delivery pressure of the right pump and
the left pump (PM) from passage (33) acts on shoulder (52) of pilot piston (42) .
Power shift pressure (PS) that flows through passage (38) acts on the right end of pilot piston (42) . The
average delivery pressure of the right pump and the left pump (PM) combines with the power shift pressure
(PS) in order to control the movement of pilot piston (42) and spool (41) .
During negative flow control, negative flow control pressure (PN) from line (44) enters piston chamber
(65) . The right end of control piston (43) is pressurized. Control piston (43) acts on spool (41) in order to
control the output flow of the pump.
The position and the movement of piston (47) determines the position and the movement of swashplate (20)
and sleeve (51) . Pin (26) connects one end of control linkage (36) to piston (47) . The other end of control
linkage (36) is connected to left body (56) by pin (54) . When piston (47) shifts, control linkage (36) rotates
on the axis of pin (54) . The movement of the control linkage causes slide plate (35) to move sleeve (51) .
The movement of sleeve (51) and spool (41) cause passages (49) and (50) to open, and/or the movement of
sleeve (51) and spool (41) cause passages (49) and (50) to close. As piston (47) shifts to the right,
swashplate (20) moves toward the minimum angle position.
STANDBY Position
Main pump regulator in the STANDBY position
(20) Swashplate
(31) Passage
(32) Passage
(39) Spring
(40) Spring
(41) Spool
(42) Pilot piston
(43) Control piston
(44) Passage (NFC)
(46) Passage
(47) Piston
(48) Piston chamber
(49) Passage
(50) Passage
(52) Shoulder
(53) Piston chamber
(55) Passage
(57) Stopper
(65) Piston chamber
Illustration 6 shows the left pump regulator in the STANDBY position. All of the joysticks and the travel
levers/pedals are in the NEUTRAL position. The main pump regulators are controlled by the negative flow
control pressure (PN) in piston chamber (65) .
The machine ECM controls the power shift pressure (PS) to a level that is dependent on engine speed. When
the main pump regulator is in the STANDBY position, decreased power shift pressure flows through
passage (38) . The decreased power shift pressure acts on the end of pilot piston (42) .
The cross sensing control delivers the average delivery pressure of the right pump and the left pump (PM)
through passage (33) . The average delivery pressure of the right pump and the left pump (PM) acts on
shoulder (52) in the center of pilot piston (42) . Since the main pump regulators are in the STANDBY
position, pressure (PM) in passage (33) is low pressure standby pressure.
When all of the joysticks and the travel levers/pedals are in the NEUTRAL position, all of the control valves
for the implements, swing and travel are in the NEUTRAL position. The oil flow rate through the center
bypass passage in the main control valve is maximum. The oil flow through the center bypass passage is
restricted at the negative flow control orifice. High negative flow control pressure (PN) flows from the main
control valve through line (44) and port (17) to piston chamber (65) of the left pump regulator. When the
negative flow control pressure is maximum, the output flow of the pump is maintained at a minimum
(STANDBY).
Negative flow control pressure (PN) enters the left pump regulator at port (17) . The negative flow control
pressure (PN) flows to piston chamber (65) . When the negative flow control pressure (PN) increases,
control piston (43) is pushed to the left against the force of spring (64) . As the negative flow control
pressure increases further, control piston (43) pushes pilot piston (42) and spool (41) to the left. The
movement of the control piston, the pilot piston and the spool will stop when the force of the negative flow
control pressure becomes equal to the force of springs (39) , (40) and (64) . Left pump delivery pressure
(P2) is now blocked at passage (49) .
The negative flow control pressure in piston chamber (48) flows through passage (31) , passage (50) , past
spool (41) and through passage (55) to the case drain of the pump.
The left pump delivery pressure (P2) in piston chamber (53) pushes piston (47) to the right. Piston (47)
moves to the right until the piston contacts stopper (57) . Control linkage (36) causes swashplate (20) to
rotate toward the minimum angle position. As a result, the output flow of the pump decreases.
UPSTROKE Position
Main pump regulator in the UPSTROKE position
(20) Swashplate
(31) Passage
(32) Passage
(34) Guide
320D & 320D L Excavators CXY00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3066 Engine(S... Page 10 of 13
(39) Spring
(40) Spring
(41) Spool
(42) Pilot piston
(43) Control piston
(44) Passage (NFC)
(46) Passage
(47) Piston
(48) Piston chamber
(49) Passage
(50) Passage
(51) Sleeve
(52) Shoulder
(64) Spring
(65) Piston chamber
Three conditions that can cause an increase in flow from the main pumps are listed below.
z A decrease in the system pressure
z A decrease in the cross sensing control
z A decrease in power shift pressure
z A decrease in negative flow control pressure
Illustration 7 shows the main pump regulator in the UPSTROKE position due to an decrease in negative
flow control pressure.
When the joysticks and/or travel levers/pedals are slowly moved from the NEUTRAL position, the oil flow
rate through the center bypass passage in the main control valve decreases proportionally by the amount of
movement of the individual spools in the main control valve. The negative flow control pressure decreases
proportionally to the length of spool movement. Therefore, the negative flow control pressure (PN) that
flows to piston chamber (65) decreases proportionally with the amount of movement of the joysticks and/or
travel levers/pedals. Control piston (43) moves to the right against the force of springs (39) , (40) and (64) .
The angle of swashplate (20) gradually increases and the output flow of the pump gradually increases. Since
pump delivery flow is proportional to the amount of movement of the joysticks and/or travel levers/pedals,
fine operation of the implements can be performed. During fine operation of the implements, the output
flow rate of the pump is controlled by the negative flow control pressure.
The average delivery pressure of the right pump and the left pump (PM) from passage (33) acts on shoulder
(52) of pilot piston (42) . Power shift pressure (PS) from passage (38) acts on the right end of pilot piston
(42) . The combined force of pressure (PM) and pressure (PS) attempt to force pilot piston (42) and spool
(41) to the left against the force of springs (39) and (40) . The combined force of pressure (PM) and pressure
(PS) is less than the force of springs (39) and (40) . Springs (39) and (40) push guide (34) to the right. The
position of spool (41) in sleeve (51) closes passage (50) so that the flow of left pump delivery pressure (P2)
to case drain is blocked. Left pump delivery pressure (P2) now flows through passages (32) , (49) , (46) and
(31) to piston chamber (48) . Now left pump delivery pressure (P2) acts on both ends of piston (47) . Since
the surface area on the right end of the piston is greater than the surface area on the left end of the piston,
piston (47) is positioned fully to the left. As a result, control linkage (36) positions swashplate (20) at the
maximum angle position. At the UPSTROKE position, the pump delivers the maximum output flow.
DESTROKE Position
Main pump regulator in the DESTROKE position
(20) Swashplate
(31) Passage
(32) Passage
(35) Slide plate
(39) Spring
(40) Spring
(41) Spool
(42) Pilot piston
(43) Control piston
(44) Passage (NFC)
(46) Passage
(47) Piston
(48) Piston chamber
(49) Passage
(50) Passage
(51) Sleeve
(52) Shoulder
(53) Piston chamber
(55) Passage
(65) Piston chamber
Conditions that can cause a decrease in flow from the main pumps are listed below.
z An increase in system pressure
z An increase in the cross sensing control
z An increase in power shift pressure
z An increase in negative flow control pressure
Illustration 8 shows the main pump regulator in the DESTROKE position due to an increase in system
pressure.
The negative flow control pressure in piston chamber (65) is low. Control piston (43) is shifted to the right.
The average delivery pressure of the right pump and the left pump (PM) in passage (33) increases. The
increased pressure (PM) acts on shoulder (52) of pilot piston (42) . Pilot piston (42) forces spool (41) to the
left. Spool (41) compresses springs (39) and (40) . Passages (50) and (49) close and the flow of left pump
delivery pressure (P2) from passage (32) to piston chamber (48) is blocked.
As the average delivery pressure of the right pump and the left pump (PM) in passage (33) increases further,
pilot piston (42) and spool (41) shift farther to the left. Passage (50) opens. The oil from piston chamber
(48) now flows through passages (31) , (46) , (50) and (55) to the case drain of the pump. Since the pressure
in piston chamber (48) is now lower than the pressure in piston chamber (53) , piston (47) shifts to the right.
As a result, control linkage (36) moves swashplate (20) toward the minimum angle position.
Piston (47) is connected to sleeve (51) by control linkage (36) . As piston (47) shifts, the movement of the
control linkage causes slide plate (35) to move sleeve (51) to the left. Sleeve (51) closes passages (49) and
(50) . The spool, the sleeve and the swashplate stop in a position that maintains the engine horsepower to the
pumps at a constant rate.
Copyright 1993 - 2007 Caterpillar Inc. Thu Apr 12 16:08:52 UTC+0630 2007
All Rights Reserved.
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320D & 320D L Excavators CXY00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3066 Engine(SEB...

Pump Control (Main Hydraulic) - Main Pump Regulator

The main pump regulators are controlled in the following manner.

(A) Pressure/flow point (destroke point)

(B) P-Q characteristic curve

The output characteristics of each pump depends on the following pressures.

z Pump output circuit pressure

z Power shift pressure

z Negative flow control pressure

(1) Proportional reducing valve (power shift pressure)

(44) Line (negative flow control pressure to right pump regulator)

(67) Line (pilot oil flow to proportional reducing valve)

(68) Line (negative flow control pressure to left pump regulator)

(6) Port (negative flow control pressure to the right pump)

(17) Port (negative flow control pressure to the left pump)

Left pump regulator

(35) Slide plate

(36) Control linkage

(38) Passage (power shift pressure)

(43) Control piston

(48) Piston chamber

(56) Left body

(65) Piston chamber

(P2) Left pump delivery pressure

Main pump regulator in the STANDBY position

(36) Control linkage

(38) Passage (power shift pressure)

(42) Pilot piston

(44) Passage (NFC)

(48) Piston chamber

(53) Piston chamber

(65) Piston chamber

(P2) Left pump delivery pressure

(36) Control linkage

(42) Pilot piston

(43) Control piston

(44) Passage (NFC)

(48) Piston chamber

(65) Piston chamber

(P2) Left pump delivery pressure

z A decrease in the system pressure

z A decrease in the cross sensing control

z A decrease in power shift pressure

z A decrease in negative flow control pressure

Main pump regulator in the DESTROKE position

(35) Slide plate

(36) Control linkage

(38) Passage (power shift pressure)

(42) Pilot piston

(43) Control piston

(44) Passage (NFC)

(48) Piston chamber

(53) Piston chamber

(65) Piston chamber

(P2) Left pump delivery pressure

z An increase in system pressure

z An increase in the cross sensing control

z An increase in power shift pressure

z An increase in negative flow control pressure

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