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Ömer Demir
  • Department of Computer Technologies,
    Çölemerik Vocational School of Higher Education,
    Hakkari University,
    Hakkari, Turkey.
  • 0 (438) 212 12 12

Ömer Demir

Since the effectiveness of pedagogies relies heavily on the context they are practiced, scholars strive to revalidate them with different participants representing different disciplines, age, cultures and so on. In this regard, this piece... more
Since the effectiveness of pedagogies relies heavily on the context they are practiced, scholars strive to revalidate them with different participants representing different disciplines, age, cultures and so on. In this regard, this piece of work was undertaken so as to reveal the impact of a digital game-based learning environment on the achievement of secondary school participants in the topic of Internet literacy in Turkey. To this end, a three dimensional multi-user digital game-based learning environment through Active Worlds game engine was created. The static-group pre-test post-test design was adopted. We recruited 266 students attending 10th-grade at a public high school. The participants were block-randomized to the groups. The control group partook in a lecture-based learning environment for two weeks, whereas the experimental group learned with a digital game-based learning environment. The results ascertained that even though there were significant learning gains in control as well as experimental groups, no substantial significant difference was observed in the achievement across the groups. The results illustrated that the interaction of method and gender had no influence on the achievement. Particularities of the context of the study causing the results and study’s far-reaching implications were discussed.
Learners in asynchronous discussion forums are inundated with diverse options when it comes to interaction. This enables the embodiment of various styles of participation. On the other hand, the affective domain tends to be overlooked in... more
Learners in asynchronous discussion forums are inundated with diverse options when it comes to interaction. This enables the embodiment of various styles of participation. On the other hand, the affective domain tends to be overlooked in the online discussion context. The modeling of discussion activities based on both cognitive and affective indicators constitutes this study's unique aspect. In the study, the impact of social anxiety and participation styles on active participation in discussions were investigated using three-factor social anxiety and four-factor participation style models. In addition, the impact of active participation on academic achievement was also examined. Path analysis was used to explain the predictive correlation among these indicators. Students' participation behaviors in discussions during a three-week implementation were analyzed within the scope of a course taught during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The findings showed that social anxiety and participation styles had a significant impact on active participation, which, in turn, significantly affected academic achievement. The study provides crucial inputs in portraying the characteristics of learners in such a way as to tailor online discussions to their needs.
Online multi-user virtual environments (MUVEs) have been in use since the late 1970s. They have been referred to as MUDs (Multi-User Dungeons), MOOs (MUD, object-oriented), and MMORPGs (Massively-Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games)... more
Online multi-user virtual environments (MUVEs) have been in use since the late 1970s. They have been referred to as MUDs (Multi-User Dungeons), MOOs (MUD, object-oriented), and MMORPGs (Massively-Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games) (Dickey, 2003; Tüzün, 2006). These environments have recently been called immersive virtual worlds. Technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality, mixed reality, and blockchain continue to change 3D MUVEs. It is currently well understood that 3D MUVEs are becoming more feasible every day with faster Internet connection and devices with high processing capacity. 3D MUVEs now offer a more “immersive” experience using VR headsets. Several tech companies have now created their own metaverses. However, it is the pedagogical use of new technologies in the context of learning environments that is central to their success. If pedagogical approaches are not included in the design of 3D MUVEs, these environments will turn into ephemeral “Virtual Ghost Towns.” In this context, not only the tool used in these environments but also the pedagogical approaches implemented with the tool come to the fore (Doğan & Tüzün, 2022). All in all, in spite of the fact that there are some educational commentaries heralding a promising outlook pertaining to them (e.g., Hwang, 2023; Tlili et al., 2022), the academic community needs a greater focus on pedagogical approaches utilizing 3D MUVEs. Recently, the educational community has witnessed a massive exodus to distance education in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This rapid shift was characterized by the use of direct instruction and synchronous communication platforms, typically Zoom, notwithstanding their well-known limitations. Even so, dipping their toes in the water and seeing that it is not that cold, they do not seem to revert to full face-to-face learning. Blended learning lies ahead. There is a great deal of literature attesting to 3D MUVEs’ potential for fostering learning. These environments provide educational opportunities for solving authentic problems that have historically been inaccessible due to space, time, and cost barriers (Marešová & Ecler, 2022; Tlili et al., 2022). Further, they allow for collaboration without limits of physical space (Gresalfi et al., 2009). Their pedagogical affordances such as enhanced learner engagement, motivation, and positive attitudes together with their openness to explore, design, and manipulate 3D objects provide learners with more realistic and authentic learning environments (Doğan et al., 2018). They enable setting ambient conditions that could otherwise be dangerous such as emergency scenarios made safe in a virtual world (Meredith et al., 2012). Surprisingly, despite all these affordances, only a small fraction of educators have turned to 3D environments for distance education. 3D learning environments are not simply for 3D role-playing games and do not constitute all encompassing learning environments to suit all learner needs for all circumstances. Therefore, the design process of these learning environments requires inclusion of both instructional and 3D design elements that complement each other. As 3D MUVEs are cut out for “learning by designing,” allowing participants to experience and create new environments, they do not get on well with mere lecturing, which makes users inactive. This inactivity seriously dampens the flow experience (Doğan et al., 2022). In addition, user-unfriendly interfaces also affect students' behaviors towards these environments. For example, efficient navigation is also a design problem in 3D MUVEs because users’ field of view cannot encompass the entire environment. This is a usability problem that causes disorientation (Tüzün & Doğan, 2009). Further, practitioners might encounter inconsistencies between intended and implemented educational purposes as they try to implement educational innovations in real-life contexts and achieve curricular objectives. These undesirable variations that occur in real-life contexts pose a threat to the fidelity of innovation (Thomas et al., 2009). This is why flexible adaptive designs (or design-based attempts) are so crucial for innovations to survive local variations. These environments have a social dimension that encourages interpersonal interaction. Some concerns also accompany the social dimension of 3D MUVEs. This becomes even more apparent as the age of the group decreases. One of the increasing concerns among parents as well as teachers is the privacy and appropriateness of these environments for minors (Meyers et al., 2010). In conclusion, the design-intensive, complex, and student-oriented nature of 3D environments makes preparations difficult and time-consuming endeavors (Çınar et al., 2022), which seems to account for the reason why educators opted out of 3D-MUVEs in the Emergency Distance Education process. This issue solicits rigorous quantitative, qualitative, and mixed research studies related to the use of 3D environments for distance and/or mixed purposes. This special issue welcomes original empirical research articles, critical viewpoints, theoretical perspectives, systematic literature reviews, and meta-analyses. Studies that are purely descriptive and drawing on self-report scales are not satisfactory unless they make a significant contribution to the field.
This study evaluates the first years of the full-scale flipped learning implementation process that began with an authority innovation-decision at the world's first fully flipped university in terms of departmental differences. The study... more
This study evaluates the first years of the full-scale flipped learning implementation process that began with an authority innovation-decision at the world's first fully flipped university in terms of departmental differences. The study employs an explanatory sequential mixed-method research. The primary respondents were 69 freshmen enrolled in the Faculty of Education at a private university in Istanbul, Turkey. In addition to student participants, five faculty members were recruited to the study. The primary data was collected through a Likert-type scale on flipped learning, including components on motivation, course structure, and interaction. Pre and post semi-structured interviews and a structured ranking form were also used to support the quantitative data. The findings of the study reveal that the students felt relatively unmotivated when instructed through flipped learning, although were satisfied with the course structure. In general, the students lacked student-student interaction. Due to the nature of the Guidance and Psychological Counseling department, the students faced some difficulties in engaging in all three types of interaction (student-student, student-educator, and student-content). Lengthy and poor-quality videos and students' lack of preparation for classes emerged as major problems in flipped learning. The faculty members complained about the amount of time required for pre-class preparation (i.e., recording flipped videos). This paper discusses how to foster motivation, collaboration, discussion, and interaction in flipped learning in higher education settings so as to guide prospective practitioners.
A quantitative content analysis of Turkish state universities' official websites in terms of their preparedness and actions during emergency distance education in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic period
This study aims to examine the situational flow experiences of students creating 3D designs in 3D multiuser virtual environments. This time series quasi-experimental study included 40 volunteer junior students who studied at the Computer... more
This study aims to examine the situational flow experiences of students creating 3D designs in 3D multiuser virtual environments. This time series quasi-experimental study included 40 volunteer junior students who studied at the Computer Education and Instructional Technology department and had taken the elective course of "Instructional Design". The participants in the role of a designer created 3D designs in the OpenSimulator application throughout the process. They worked in groups to solve authentic problems. At the end of each session, the students were applied a flow experience scale individually. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the participants' flow experience did not differ by gender and overall grade point average. Autotelic activity and disappearance of self-consciousness were the highest components of flow experience indicating that the designers felt immersed in the 3D design activities throughout the 15-week implementation process. Considering flow experience by weeks, it was found that conveying theoretical information to the students diminished their flow experience owing to lack of the concentration, control and feedback components, whereas giving feedback after letting them present what they worked on fostered their flow experience by increasing the clear goals and immediate feedback components. The results highlighted the importance of flow experience in design education.
Owing to the coronavirus outbreak, face-to-face educational activities have been curtailed and there has been a rapid switch to e-learning environments. It is a matter of critical importance; therefore, how ready teachers are for this... more
Owing to the coronavirus outbreak, face-to-face educational activities have been curtailed and there has been a rapid switch to e-learning environments. It is a matter of critical importance; therefore, how ready teachers are for this transition. This study presents a snapshot of the readiness of Turkey's in-service teachers for teaching online. Some 555 teachers, from pre-school to high school, participated in the study. The results indicated a medium-level of e-learning readiness and a pressing need for the appropriate training. Teachers' readiness differed significantly according to gender, major, school-type, professional experience, teaching level, e-learning experience and Internet usage.
In the pandemic period we are currently in, online education has replaced face-to-face learning activities on a global scale. Institutions that pursue online education programs commonly assume that online learners are ready for this mode... more
In the pandemic period we are currently in, online education has replaced face-to-face learning activities on a global scale. Institutions that pursue online education programs commonly assume that online learners are ready for this mode of learning. However, online education programs attract attention due to their remarkably high drop-out rates. This begs the question as to why some students are more able to benefit from online education, and demands to reveal the underlying reasons for such a situation. In this regard, the present study explores students' e-readiness for the changeover phase to online education, and how this differs in terms of a range of variables. 428 volunteer undergraduate students from 59 departments across 33 universities in Turkey were recruited to the study. The data collection tools consist of a personal information form and an online education readiness scale. The results indicate that university students' readiness levels for online education were above medium level of the scale. As for the factors which determine online education readiness, it was found that university students have a high level of internet self-efficacy, yet their motivation towards online education is considerably low. In addition, their online education readiness differs significantly in terms of personal computer ownership, internet connection at home, major, and daily internet usage duration, gender, and online education experience, whereas no statistically significant difference was identified in terms of grade year at the university. A significant interaction between gender and online education experience was ascertained as well.
This study aimed at examining the COTS (Commercial off the Shelf) games having strong potential for helping to enhance intrinsic motivation and computational thinking skills. To this end, STEAM game store was searched with the keywords of... more
This study aimed at examining the COTS (Commercial off the Shelf) games having strong potential for helping to enhance intrinsic motivation and computational thinking skills. To this end, STEAM game store was searched with the keywords of “programming, coding, computing, and algorithm”. This search yielded 1,249 games. After eliminating irrelevant games and the games with mostly negative comments, this number was reduced to 29. In the second phase, these 29 games were examined in terms of some characteristics such as “quality, intrinsic motivation, and computational thinking” by two experts. Six games were left in the end. It was ascertained that games mostly lacked of collaboration, although they seemed to be better in terms of problem solving and algorithmic thinking. Experimental studies should be conducted to determine whether these games are actually useful for enhancing intrinsic motivation and computational thinking skills.
This study's goal was to investigate the effect of homogeneous and heterogeneous pairs in terms of individual differences on group compatibility, flow, and coding performance in pair programming. In line with this goal, five individual... more
This study's goal was to investigate the effect of homogeneous and heterogeneous pairs in terms of individual differences on group compatibility, flow, and coding performance in pair programming. In line with this goal, five individual difference variables of gender, learning style, friendship, the conscientiousness component of personality traits, and prior knowledge of coding were determined in order to use them in the determination of pairs in pair programming. In the quantitative section of this mixed study, a non-equivalent control group posttest only experimental design was utilized. Sixty-four volunteer university students were included in the study. As a result of the study, it was determined that the homogeneous group experienced a higher level of flow in the case of learning style. On the other hand, in the case of friendship, the homogeneous group experienced a higher level of flow, while the heterogeneous group demonstrated a higher level of coding performance. Concerning the conscientiousness component of personality traits, the heterogeneous group showed a higher level of coding performance. In line with these findings, suggestions for both researchers and practitioners of coding education were made in the full text.
Cooperative learning manifests itself as pair programming in coding education. There is a limited number of studies experimentally demonstrating that pair programming is effective in the educational context. Therefore, in this study, solo... more
Cooperative learning manifests itself as pair programming in coding education. There is a limited number of studies experimentally demonstrating that pair programming is effective in the educational context. Therefore, in this study, solo and pair programming were compared in terms of flow experience, coding quality, and coding achievement. The method used in this study is a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. The study group consists of 42 volunteer senior university students (28 males, 14 females). While solo programming was performed in the control group, pair programming was performed in the experimental group. It was concluded that the flow experience of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group in four weeks of the six-week implementation, whereas the coding quality of the experimental group was higher in three weeks. No difference was found in the other weeks in terms of both flow experience and coding quality. Although the coding achievement of both the control and experimental groups increased in the study, the experimental group did not exhibit better performance in terms of coding achievement. In conclusion, since it was revealed in this study that pair programming is effective, it is recommended to use pair programming more frequently in educational settings.
Purpose - The lack of a reliable and valid measurement tool for coding achievement emerges as a major problem in Turkey. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a Scratch-based coding achievement test.... more
Purpose - The lack of a reliable and valid measurement tool for coding achievement emerges as a major problem in Turkey. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a Scratch-based coding achievement test.

Design/methodology/approach - Initially, an item pool with 31 items was created. The item pool was classified within the framework of Bayman and Mayer's (1988) types of coding knowledge to support content validity of the test. Then the item pool was applied to 186 volunteer undergraduates at Hacettepe University during the spring semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. Subsequently, the item analysis was conducted for construct validity of the test.

Findings - In all, 13 items were discarded from the test, leaving a total of 18 items. Out of the 18-item version of the coding achievement test, 4, 5 and 9 items measured syntactic, conceptual and strategic knowledge, respectively, among the types of coding knowledge. Furthermore, average item discrimination index (0.531), average item difficulty index (0.541) and Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient (0.801) of the test were calculated.

Practical implications - Scratch users, especially those who are taking introductory courses at Turkish universities, could benefit from a reliable and valid coding achievement test developed in this study.

Originality/value - This paper has theoretical and practical value, as it provides detailed developmental stages of a reliable and valid Scratch-based coding achievement test.
ÖZ: E-öğrenmede en önemli değişkenlerden biri e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluktur çünkü e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluk e-öğrenme girişimlerinin başarısını doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle öğretmen yetiştiren lisans programlarını e-öğrenmeye... more
ÖZ:
E-öğrenmede en önemli değişkenlerden biri e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluktur çünkü e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluk e-öğrenme girişimlerinin başarısını doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle öğretmen yetiştiren lisans programlarını e-öğrenmeye daha hazır hale getirebilmek için e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluğa ilişkin daha fazla çalışma gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma kapsamında e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluk yapısının bileşenlerinin birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, eğitim fakültesi 1. sınıf ve 4. sınıf öğrencileri, e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluk düzeyleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Son olarak, eğitim fakültesi lisans programlarının, öğrencilerinin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluk düzeyine göre nasıl kümelendikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinin herhangi bir lisans programına kayıtlı olan 1802 lisans öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçek; bilgisayar öz-yeterliği, internet öz-yeterliği, çevrimiçi iletişim öz-yeterliği, kendi kendine öğrenme, öğrenen kontrolü ve e-öğrenmeye yönelik motivasyon olmak üzere 6 faktörden ve 33 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin genel Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı 0,93 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluk yapısının özerk öğrenme ve teknoloji kullanım öz-yeterliği olmak üzere iki alt-yapıdan oluştuğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca 4. sınıf öğrencilerin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluk düzeylerinin 1. sınıf öğrencilere göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Son olarak, ADÖ, BÖTE, FBÖ, FİÖ, FDÖ, İDÖ ve KİÖ programlarının e-öğrenmeye daha hazır; İMÖ, MTÖ, OKL, PDR ve İSÖ programlarının ise e-öğrenmeye daha az hazır oldukları bulunmuştur.

ABSTRACT:
E-learning readiness is one of the most important variables in e-learning because e-learning readiness directly affects the success of e-learning initiatives. Therefore, more studies about e-learning readiness are needed to make teacher training undergraduate programs readier for e-learning. In this study, in this respect, the correlations of the components of e-learning readiness construct with each other were investigated. Besides, senior and freshman students of faculty of education were compared in terms of their e-learning readiness levels. Finally, how the divisions of faculty of education clustered according to pre-service teachers' e-learning readiness levels was investigated. A total of 1802 undergraduate students enrolled in any division of Faculty of Education of Hacettepe University participated in the study. The scale used in the study consisted of 33 items and 6 factors, which were computer self-efficacy, internet self-efficacy, online communication self-efficacy, self-directed learning, learner control and motivation towards e-learning. Overall Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.93. In conclusion, it was found the construct of e-learning readiness consisted of two sub-constructs, autonomous learning and technology usage self-efficacy. In addition, it was revealed senior students had higher e-learning readiness levels than freshman students did. Finally, the divisions of Primary Mathematics Education, Mathematics Education, Preschool Education, Psychological Counseling and Guidance, and Primary Education were found to be less ready for e-learning, whereas the divisions of German Language Teaching, Computer Education and Instructional Technology, Science Education, Physics Education, French Language Teaching, English Language Teaching, and Chemistry Education were found to be readier for it.
Günümüzde bireylerin internet ortamında karşılaşabilecekleri en önemli problemlerden birinin sanal zorbalık olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. Bu nedenle sanal zorbalığın önlenmesi bireylerin psikolojik ve fiziksel sağlıkları açısından önem... more
Günümüzde bireylerin internet ortamında karşılaşabilecekleri en önemli problemlerden birinin sanal zorbalık olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. Bu nedenle sanal zorbalığın önlenmesi bireylerin psikolojik ve fiziksel sağlıkları açısından önem taşımaktadır. Sanal zorbalığın önlenmesi için ise sanal zorbalığı etkileyen ve sanal zorbalık ile ilişki içerisinde olan değişkenlerin araştırılması önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma kapsamında bilgi okuryazarlığı, internet bağımlılığı ve sanal aylaklığın sanal zorbalık ile ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, çeşitli değişkenlerin sanal zorbalık davranışlarına göre farklılık gösterme durumu da incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya 181 kişi katılmıştır. Katılımcıların çoğunu cinsiyet olarak erkek, eğitim durumu olarak ise lisans ve lisansüstü eğitimi almış bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada 5 adet veri toplama aracı kullanılmıştır. Bu araçlar; demografik bilgiler anketi, siber aylaklık ölçeği, bilgi okuryazarlığı ölçeği, internet bağımlılığı ölçeği ve sanal zorbalık ölçeğidir. Araştırmanın bulguları sanal zorbalığın; sanal aylaklık ve internet bağımlılığı ile pozitif, bilgi okuryazarlığı ile ise negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki verdiği yönündedir. Ayrıca, sanal zorbalığın; yaşa, eğitim düzeyine ve mesleğe göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. 25 yaş altı katılımcıların, 35 yaş üstü katılımcılara kıyasla daha fazla sanal zorbalık yaptıkları görülmüştür. Eğitim durumu söz konusu olduğunda ise, lisans ve yüksek lisans öğrencileri doktora öğrencilerine kıyasla daha fazla sanal zorbalık yaptıklarını raporlamışlardır. Meslek söz konusu olduğunda ise, henüz öğrenci olan katılımcılar öğretmen ve akademisyenlere kıyasla daha fazla sanal zorbalık davranışları göstermektedirler. Sanal zorbalık davranışlarının araştırmada ele alınan diğer değişkenler olan cinsiyete ve internete bağlanmak için en çok kullanılan cihaza göre anlamlı farklılık göstermediği araştırmanın diğer bulguları arasındadır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, özellikle bilgi okuryazarlığı eğitiminin sanal zorbalığı ve diğer ilişkili sorunları önlemede önemli olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, her düzeydeki eğitim kurumunun öğretim programında bu konulara yer verilmesinin sağlıklı kuşaklar yetiştirilmesi açısından önemli olduğu söylenebilir.

In our present day world, it is asserted that one of the most important problems individuals face is cyber bullying. Hence, preventing cyber bullying is of great significance in terms of cyber victims’ psychological and physical well-being. To do this, first of all, the underlying reasons of cyber bullying and variables that correlate with cyber bullying should be comprehensively investigated. Therefore, in the study it was aimed to investigate the relationship of cyber bullying with cyber loafing, internet addiction and information literacy. In addition to this, it was investigated if or not cyber bullying behaviors differed according to some variables. A total of 181 participants participated in the study. Mostly male individuals as gender, undergraduate and graduate students as education status constituted the study group. Five data collection tools were employed in the study. These tools are demographic information questionnaire, cyber loafing scale, information literacy scale, internet addiction scale and cyber bullying scale. Findings indicated that cyber bullying showed a significant positive correlation with cyber loafing and internet addiction, while it showed significant negative correlation with information literacy. Besides, it was revealed that cyber bullying behaviors changed according to age, education status and occupation. It was found out that participants below the age of 25 showed more cyber bullying behaviors than those participants above the age of 35 did. Regarding education status, it was determined that undergraduate and master students showed more cyber bullying behaviors compared to doctoral students. As for occupation, participants, who are student, involved in more cyber bullying compared to teachers and academicians. It was also found out cyber bullying behaviors did not change according to gender and the most frequently used device to connect internet. Results of the study, in particular, pointed out education regarding information literacy is important in order to prevent cyber bullying and other related problems. In this context, it can be said educational institutions’ inclusion these issues in their curricula in all levels is important for raising healthy generations.
Many studies have been conducted about readiness for e-learning, yet it is quite hard to decide which work of research from the literature to use in a specific context. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify of which components... more
Many studies have been conducted about readiness for e-learning, yet it is quite hard to decide which work of research from the literature to use in a specific context. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify of which components models consist and for which stakeholders they were developed by investigating the most comprehensive and prevalent models in the related literature. Thus, the methods for both implementers and researchers were shown. A literature review was employed as the method of the present study. Thirty models or measurement tools were explored in the scope of the study. The findings of the study show that competency in technology usage, access to technology, content, culture, human resources, finance, management and leadership, self-directed learning, motivation, and time management components of models pertaining to readiness for e-learning became prominent. Further findings and implications are discussed in the main text of the study.
Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul ve lise öğrencilerinin bilgisayara yönelik tutumlarını (ÖBYT) ölçmeye yönelik güncel ihtiyaçları karşılayan, güvenilir ve geçerli bir Türkçe ölçme aracı ortaya koymaktır. Bunun için bu çalışma kapsamında... more
Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul ve lise öğrencilerinin bilgisayara yönelik tutumlarını (ÖBYT) ölçmeye yönelik güncel ihtiyaçları karşılayan, güvenilir ve geçerli bir Türkçe ölçme aracı ortaya koymaktır. Bunun için bu çalışma kapsamında Teo’un (2008) öğrencilerin bilgisayara yönelik tutumları ölçeği Türkçe’ye uyarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın yöntemine gelindiğinde, ölçek Ankara’daki okullarda ortaöğretim veya lise kademesinde öğrenim gören 1678 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonrasında ölçeğin üç faktör (bilgisayardan hoşlanma, bilgisayarın önemi ve bilgisayar kaygısı) ve yirmi maddelik bir yapı gösterdiği görülmüştür. Ölçeğin genel Cronbach Alfa ve Omega güvenirlik katsayıları sırasıyla 0,83 ve 0,95 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin bulgularına ve bu bulgulara dayanarak ortaya atılan önerilere tam metinde daha detaylı olarak yer verilmiştir.
Research Interests:
Alan yazında kendi kendine öğrenme (KKÖ) ve Bilgisayara Yönelik Tutum (BYT) yapısını inceleyen pek çok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Fakat bu kavramları çocuklar açısından ve teknoloji kavramıyla birlikte inceleyen yeterli sayıda çalışma... more
Alan yazında kendi kendine öğrenme (KKÖ) ve Bilgisayara Yönelik Tutum (BYT) yapısını inceleyen pek çok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Fakat bu kavramları çocuklar açısından ve teknoloji kavramıyla birlikte inceleyen yeterli sayıda çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada bu iki kavram aralarındaki ilişki Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (YEM) kullanılarak çocuklar açısından teknoloji kavramı bağlamında incelenmiştir. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak Demir ve Yurdugül (2014) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan Çocukların Bilgisayara Yönelik Tutum (ÇBYT) ölçeği ve Demir ve Yurdugül (2013) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan Çocukların Teknolojiyle Kendi Kendine Öğrenme (ÇTKKÖ) ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Bursa ve Ankara’da bulunan ortaokul ve ortaöğretim seviyesinde eğitim veren devlet kurumlarından 2219 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda yukarıda bahsedilen yapılar arasında pozitif yönde yüksek düzeyde bir ilişki (r=0,74) olduğu bulunmuştur. Çalışmada bulgularla ilgili tartışmalara daha detaylı bir şekilde yer verilmiştir.
Research Interests:
A lot of studies conducted in the past examined the construct of Self-Directed Learning (SDL) and attitude towards computer; however, there are not sufficient number of studies examining these constructs in terms of children and together... more
A lot of studies conducted in the past examined the construct of Self-Directed Learning (SDL) and attitude towards computer; however, there are not sufficient number of studies examining these constructs in terms of children and together with concept of technology. Therefore, those two constructs and the relationship between them were examined in terms of children and in the context of concept of technology using structural equation modeling (SEM). In this study, the scales of students’ attitudes towards computer (SATC) and self-directed learning with technology for young students (SDLTYS) adapted into Turkish respectively by Demir and Yurdugül (2014) and Demir and Yurdugül (2013) were administered as measurement tools. 2219 students enrolled in either a public middle or secondary school located in Bursa and Ankara constituted the sampling of the study. As a result of this study, it was found that there is a positive high level correlation (r=.74) between aforementioned two constructs. In the full manuscript of the study, discussion regarding the findings of the study is included in detail.
Research Interests:
This study aimed to develop a Turkish scale, which is reliable, valid and meets the current requirements for assessing the attitudes of students towards computers. That is why, the scale of students’ attitude towards computers (SATC),... more
This study aimed to develop a Turkish scale, which is reliable, valid and meets the current requirements for assessing the attitudes of students towards computers. That is why, the scale of students’ attitude towards computers (SATC), which originally belongs to Teo (2008), was adapted into Turkish. When it comes to methodology part of the study, the scale was administered to a total of 1678 students enrolled in primary or secondary school located in Ankara. After Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed, it was ascertained that the scale consisted of 20 items and 3 factors (computer enjoyment, computer importance and computer anxiety). The Cronbach Alpha and Omega values of the scale were found out to be 0.83 and 0.95 respectively. The findings and implications based on these findings were discussed in a more detailed way in the full paper.
Research Interests:
Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal ağların kullanım amaçlarını belirlemeye yönelik bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 236 sosyal ağ kullanıcısı oluşturmuştur. Ölçeğin kapsam ve dilsel geçerliği için uzman görüşlerine... more
Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal ağların kullanım amaçlarını belirlemeye yönelik bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 236 sosyal ağ kullanıcısı oluşturmuştur. Ölçeğin kapsam ve dilsel geçerliği için uzman görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği için birinci ve ikinci düzey doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirliği Cronbach alfa (α) güvenirlik katsayıları hesaplanarak test edilmiştir. Birinci ve ikinci düzey doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda uyum indekslerinin kabul edilebilir değerler verdiği görülmüştür. Ölçeğin Cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayısı .92 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda yedi faktör ve 26 maddeden oluşan “Sosyal Ağların Kullanım Amaçları” ölçeği geliştirilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, sosyal ağların kullanım amaçları ölçeğinin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir.

The aim of this study is to develop a scale to identify the usage purposes of social networks. The study group consists of 236 social network users. Opinions of experts were obtained for content and linguistic validation. First and second order confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to construct the validity of the scale. The Cronbach alpha (α) coefficient was calculated to test the reliability of the scale. The results of the confirmatory factor analyses indicated that goodness of fit indices values were sufficient to proceed. The Cronbach alpha value was computed as .92. “The usage purposes scale of social networks” was found to be formed of seven factors and 26 items. These results supported the usage purposes scale of social networks as a reliable and valid measurement tool.
Problem: Kendi kendine öğrenme kavramı tüm Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de yoğun olarak çalışılan ve tartışılan bir kavramdır. Fakat ulusal alanyazın incelendiğinde bu çalışmaların kendi kendine öğrenmeyi teknoloji ile birleştirmedikleri ve kendi... more
Problem: Kendi kendine öğrenme kavramı tüm Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de yoğun olarak çalışılan ve tartışılan bir kavramdır. Fakat ulusal alanyazın incelendiğinde bu çalışmaların kendi kendine öğrenmeyi teknoloji ile birleştirmedikleri ve kendi kendine öğrenmeye çocuklar açısından bakmadıkları görülmüştür. Bu nedenle bu çalışma kapsamında Teo ve diğ. (2010) tarafından geliştirilen çocukların teknoloji ile birlikte kendi kendine öğrenme ölçeği Türkçe’ye uyarlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Bursa ve Ankara’daki 5 ortaokul veya lisede öğrenimine devam eden 1051 öğrenci (Kadın = %49.2, Erkek = %50,8) oluşturmaktadır. İlk olarak ölçeğin Türkçe formu araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra bu Türkçe form 4 uzmana gösterilerek alınan dönütler doğrultusunda gerekli düzenlemeler yapılarak ölçeğin dilsel eşdeğerliği sağlanmıştır. Kapsam geçerliğinin sağlanması için ise; ölçek 4 alan uzmanına gösterilerek gerekli düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin factoriyel geçerliği için AFA (açıklayıcı faktör analizi) ve DFA (doğrulayıcı faktör analizi) uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin AFA yapılmasa hazır olma durumunu tespit etmek için KMO ve Bartlett küresellik testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. DFA kapsmında uyum indisi olarak RMSEA, AGFI, NFI,NNFI ve χ2/SD kullanılmıştır. En iyi modeli bulmak için DFA sırasında tek faktörlü, ilişkili iki faktörlü ve hiyerarşik modeler sınanmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliğini sağlamak için ise ayırt edici (Discriminant) ve yakınsak (Convergent) geçerlik yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Yapı geçerliği kapsamında AVE (Average variance extracted) değerlerinin .5’ten ve faktörler arasındaki ilişki katsayılarından büyük olma durumu kontrol edilmiştir.
Bulgular: KMO sonucunun .794 ve Bartlett testi sonucunun .000 (χ2=1098. 350) olarak bulunması nedeniyle ölçeğin faktör analizine uygun olduğuna karar verilmiştir. AFA sonucunda ölçeğin toplam varyansın %59,316’sını açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin; öz yönetim faktörünün yapıdaki varyansın %16.758’ini ve niyetli öğrenme faktörünün ise %42.874’ünü açıkladığı bulunmuştur. Yapılan DFA sonucunda uyum indislerinin yeterli seviyede oldukları belirlenmiştir. Sınanan modeller arasında ilişkili iki faktörlü modelin en iyi uyum indislerini verdiği bulunmuştur Ayrıca bütün AVE değerlerinin .5’ten ve faktörler arasındaki ilişki katsayılarından büyük olduğu görülmüştür. Faktöriyel ve yapı geçerliği sonucunda, Teo ve diğ. (2010) tarafından geliştirilen orijinal ölçek ile ölçeğin Türkçe formunun madde-faktör yapısı açısından birebir aynı olduğu bulunmuştur. Yani, ölçek 2 ve 4 maddelik iki faktörden oluşmak üzere toplamda 6 maddeden oluşmuştur Ölçeğin Cronbach alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı toplamda .729 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Öz yönetim ve niyetli öğrenme faktörlerinin güvenirlik katsayıları ise sırasıyla .528 ve .729 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak çocukların teknoloji ile birlikte kendi kendine öğrenme ölçeğinin güvenir ve geçerli bir ölçme aracı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç ve öneriler: Bu ölçek, öğretmenlerin, ortaokul ve liselerdeki öğrencilerin bulundukları teknoloji ile birlikte kendi kendine öğrenme seviyelerini hızlı bir şekilde tespit edebilmeleri açısından pratik ve kullanışlı bir veri toplama aracıdır. Bu şekilde öğretmenler derste kullanılacak yöntemleri öğrencilerin bulundukları kendi kendine öğrenme seviyesine göre ayarlayabilirler.

Self-directed learning concept has been studied a lot in the literature and different aspects of it have been investigated. Nonetheless, a few studies associated self-directed learning with technology. Moreover, there are in the literature, relatively limited number of studies investigating self-directed learning in terms of children and adolescents. That is why, in this study, self-directed learning with technology for young students scale developed by Teo, Tan, Lee, Chai and Koh (2010) was adapted to Turkish. Study group of the research consisted of 1051 primary and secondary school students. Data was collected from four schools located at Bursa and Ankara. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted in order to prove the factorial validity of the scale. Discriminant and convergent validity methods were also used to prove the construct validity. For the linguistic equivalence and content validity of the scale, four experts for each were consulted and, according to feedbacks, required changes were done. In EFA, scale, in total, explained 59,316% of the variance of self-directed learning construct. Self-management factor accounts for 16,758% of the variance while intentional learning accounts for 42,874 % of the variance. KMO coefficient and Bartlett’s test of sphericity value were found as .794, and .000 (χ2=1098, 350) respectively. In CFA, the values of goodness of fit indices were sufficient to proceed. The final item-factor structure of Turkish form of the scale was found to be the same as original scale. Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was calculated to be .729, reliability of the self-management and intentional learning factors were calculated to be .528 and .729 respectively. In sum, Turkish form of the self-directed learning with technology scale for young students was proved valid and reliable. Self-directed learning with technology scale for young students can be used by teacher as a handy measurement tool in order to determine the students’ current level of self-directed learning with technology. According to result of the scale, teacher can use methods that fit to students’ current level of self- directed learning. In this way, students may be more successful.
The concept of readiness to e-learning necessitates students possess a number of competencies, two of which are their ICT usage and online communication self-efficacy levels. Thus, in current research prospective teachers’ ICT usage and... more
The concept of readiness to e-learning necessitates students possess a number of competencies, two of which are their ICT usage and online communication self-efficacy levels. Thus, in current research prospective teachers’ ICT usage and communication self-efficacy levels with respect to some demographic variables were explored. 1693 volunteer prospective teachers constituted the sampling of the study. In present study, there were two scales, whose reliability coefficients are respectively .894, and 846. With regard to findings, it appeared that solely grade level has no statistically significant influence on prospective teacher’ online communication self-efficacy levels. Further findings are discussed in the full paper.
Many universities today invest in e-learning programmes and train their employees for it. Despite these efforts, universities have not gained satisfactory results from such initiatives. Although there are many reasons for this failure,... more
Many universities today invest in e-learning programmes and train their employees for it. Despite these efforts, universities have not gained satisfactory results from such initiatives. Although there are many reasons for this failure, e-learning readiness is one that stands out. The e-learning readiness of university students has been comprehensively studied, but almost no research has been conducted to investigate that of universities and academic staff. So far, it has been understood that without an appropriate level of e learning readiness, staff and universities are almost doomed to fail in this endeavour. Therefore, this study aims to examine how e-learning readiness levels of academic staff influences those of universities. A total of 96 academic staff members comprised the participants of this study. Two different scales were used, one of which was developed by the researchers and administered to academic staff to measure the e-learning readiness levels of both academic staff and universities. The results revealed two statistically significant findings. To start with, it was revealed that self confidence had a positive and statistically significant impact on e-learning in terms of resource support. Moreover, it was seen that educational needs towards e-learning had a negative and statistically significant impact on the same factor. Further findings and implications are also discussed in the paper.
Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’nın COVID-19 dönemi acil uzaktan eğitim kararlarına gösterilen tepkilerin Youtube’daki resmi basın açıklamaları videolarının yorumları üzerinden incelenmesi
Bu çalışma, cinsiyete, “Among Us” oynama ve Facebook'ta grup tartışmalarına katılmayı içeren sorgulamaya dayalı etkinlik türüne göre bilimsel argümantasyon becerisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma grubunu lisans öğrenimi gören 163... more
Bu çalışma, cinsiyete, “Among Us” oynama ve Facebook'ta grup tartışmalarına katılmayı içeren sorgulamaya dayalı etkinlik türüne göre bilimsel argümantasyon becerisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma grubunu lisans öğrenimi gören 163 birinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Sonuçlar, kadınların daha yüksek düzeyde bilimsel argümantasyon becerisine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin argümantasyon puanlarının “Among Us” oynama durumu açısından olmasa da Facebook grup tartışmalarına katılım açısından yüksek katılım gösteren öğrenciler lehine farklılık oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir.
Almost all academic staff around the world had to transform their residential courses into web-based equivalents in a short while due to COVID-19 pandemic last year (Sharma & Bumb, 2021). Moreover, following the physical lockdown of... more
Almost all academic staff around the world had to transform their residential courses into web-based equivalents in a short while due to COVID-19 pandemic last year (Sharma & Bumb, 2021). Moreover, following the physical lockdown of educational institutions, all academic staff suddenly became online educators, regardless of their distance education (DE) experience and the support they needed in this regard (Baggaley, 2020). However, this transition has led to a new instructional design experience, far beyond simply changing the delivery mode. DE offers new learning opportunities and ways of participation and engagement. However, the necessary preparations and instructional practice should be planned rigorously to carry out successful online education. Although DE is a well-studied research area, academic staff who cannot find a valid route map during the transition process to DE usually have to learn from their experiences. Even though the Internet has been used as a communication and sharing medium for a long time, it is remarkable that there is a lack of studies on how to convey education onto the Web and to conduct educational activities over it. New instructional models and guidelines are needed to design and carry out education using new technologies and tools offered by the web. The current study investigates what works went well or poorly considering the experiences of academic staff during the rapid transition to DE. It aims to reveal the key points in the implementation and improvement of rapid instructional design practices for DE. In emergency situations, the steps to be followed and the issues to be considered in effectively delivering education via the web will provide important implications for policy makers, institutions, and especially academic staff. Beyond the debates on whether DE will be equivalent to face-to-face training, which is suspended due to the infeasibility of the traditional delivery mode today, it is expected that current DE experiences will shape the future demands of both students, academic staff, and institutions. In addition, the results of the study can guide academic staff and institutions that desired to move the existing face-to-face courses to the web environment in a limited time frame. In this context, following research question was formed.
What are academic staff’s experiences during rapid transition of residential courses to online settings?
This study adopts a case study approach. The study is an exploratory qualitative research carried out in authentic conditions. The study group comprises 25 academic staff with different academic ranks and major based on maximum variation sampling technique. Among the participants, 13 (%52) were male and 12 (%48) were female. Their ages ranged from 31 to 52, with the average age of 39. The data were collected through an online interview form consisting of 13 standardized open-ended questions. Interviewing is especially functional to reveal the participants' thoughts, impressions, feelings, and intentions about a particular circumstance or phenomenon (Fraenkel & Wallen, 2006). The personal data survey was also combined with front page of the online interview form to gather participants' demographic features and information about their ICT and DE experience. Online interview form was sent to the participants via e-mail and social networking sites. Thus, a detailed and rich data set was obtained for qualitative analysis by reaching out the participants with diverse characteristics who were in geographically distinct locations in a short time (Creswell, 2012). First of all, 6 participants were discarded from the sampling due to lack of detail. The data were analyzed through a technique similar to the grounded theory in some extend. In other meaning, the findings were revealed by ground-up approach based solely on research data. Data analysis started with open coding. When the number of new codes per data source reached saturation, data analysis continued with axial coding, and then selective coding. As a result of the coding, more than 500 free codes are distributed under 21 themes. Some of the data were also encoded by other authors to find the rate of agreement between coders. The average percentage of pairwise agreement between three coders was found to be 84%.
The themes revealed as a result of qualitative analysis are as follows: Instructional framework, Course contents, Learning process and outcomes, Interaction, Course modality, Readiness, Time management, Student engagement, Student evaluation, Sharing, Support, DE tools, Students, Academic staff, Infrastructure and physical conditions, Institutional directions, Technical problems, Education in emergency conditions, Copyright, Attitude towards DE, Pros and cons of distance education. Regarding findings, learning management systems (LMSs) has facilitated the adaptation of academic staff to DE. Although all the features of LMSs are not known exactly, the academic staff stated that these tools were generally easy to use. However, they had difficulties in presenting digital content on a suitable pedagogical basis. Moreover, it was determined that the academic staff could not use the cooperative learning pedagogy sufficiently. The support services provided by the institutional support units generally have only technical aspect, however, the academic staff needed support to suitable pedagogical route in the online environment. Although it is seen that the follow-up of student activities becomes difficult in the synchronous dimension of the course, it is thought that this situation is an extension of the teaching strategy adopted. Besides, DE increased extracurricular communication between students and academic staff. A significant part of these communications stemmed from the orientation needs of students about the DE course processes. The risk of the course contents’ becoming public were found to be one of the major concern of the academic staff. In conclusion, the results showed that half of the academic staff intend to use DE technologies in the future within either full distance or blended learning setting, while almost one-third of them thought that DE would not replace face-to-face education and had a negative attitude towards DE. The mandatory transition experience to DE is expected to increase blended education activities in the post-pandemic period.
The extraordinary conditions such as war, civil conflict, epidemic, natural disaster may require a sudden transformation of the established education systems. A similar transformation came true in the first quarter of the current year due... more
The extraordinary conditions such as war, civil conflict, epidemic, natural disaster may require a sudden transformation of the established education systems. A similar transformation came true in the first quarter of the current year due to the COVID-19, which emerged at the end of 2019 and spread globally. In this process, face-to-face education activities have transformed into distance education equivalents. The current study aims to examine the experiences of undergraduate students in the emergency transition process of residential courses to distance education in higher education institutions. Seventy undergraduate students (22 male and 48 female) from 24 different departments of 16 universities were recruited into the study based on the maximum variation sampling technique. The data were collected in the third week following the decision of the council of higher education to transition to distance education in the 2020-Spring term. Student reflections on pluses and minuses of the emergency distance education process were analyzed through content analysis. The agreement percentage between coders (n = 3) was calculated as 92%. It was determined that most of the students (approximately 80%) have concerns about emergency distance education or develop a negative attitude towards it. The change in students' resident order formed an important difficulty in providing the necessary infrastructure conditions and suitable environmental arrangements for distance education. In addition, uncertainties in the academic calendar and online exams were ascertained to be among the leading causes of anxiety. It was found that the balance of synchronous and asynchronous components related to online courses, student characteristics, pre-qualifications regarding distance education, in-class communication and interaction patterns are among the most important determinants of students' perspectives on distance education. It was revealed that distance education differs from face-to-face education in terms of cognitive process management and students have difficulty in coping with this difference. It was found that theorizing practical knowledge without authentic conditions and environmental contexts creates a limitation in the acquisition of practical skills. The results indicate that the teaching modality of the courses should not be carried out independently from the instructional designs; moreover, just the transfer of the courses into the Web environment is not sufficient for the students' interest and engagement in the courses.
One way ANOVA tests showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean score of men and women in terms of all the factors. Findings also indicated that educational level is not indicated as a learner variable... more
One way ANOVA tests showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean score of men and women in terms of all the factors. Findings also indicated that educational level is not indicated as a learner variable differentiating any of the sub variables of participant’s opinions towards distance education in this study. However, how long the participants have been working at the governmental organization has a significant higher mean score in familiarity contrary to other sub variables. 5-10 year working participants have the highest mean score in terms of familiarity towards distance education. This is because the governmental organization initiated an online training project as an LMS to deliver some training materials 5 years ago and these staff members have used the system since that time. The qualitative part of the research indicates that most participants demand online education together with classroom-based activities. Indeed, the quality of online learning and classroom-based activities affect each other in order to have a balanced training process. Slotte and Herbert (2008) indicates that online training activities provide a fun way of discussion and interaction for staff about their job. This would show that when classroom-based activities sometimes might be tedious, online education could be used in order to provide different learning opportunities in workplaces. As for implications, a pilot blended learning implementation is needed considering research results to understand its effectiveness in the governmental organization. Although the participants mostly favor blended courses, the implementation process consists of many different interventions such as conducting meeting with line managers, scheduling implementation process, and etc. These interventions should carefully be planned considering not only staff opinions, but also the governmental organization’s needs.
It was seen that correct detection ratios of emotions have steadily soared to nearly 100% in recent publications. As studies on affective computing in e-learning started around 2006, there has been a remarkable technological advance... more
It was seen that correct detection ratios of emotions have steadily soared to nearly 100% in recent publications. As studies on affective computing in e-learning started around 2006, there has been a remarkable technological advance helping this ratio soar over the last decade. It was found out that studies on affective computing in e-learning are mostly carried out by technology related academic units. This is because, affective computing requires handling highly technical software such as audio and visual processing. It was evident that the main purpose of the majority of publications was to propose a system detecting learners’ emotions in e-learning. This is because the prime purpose of current e-learning initiatives is to customize e-learning experience. E-learning experience could be easily customized with adaptive learning environments through detected emotions of learners. Suggestions: In the present study, the search was conducted in only Web of Science academic database. Further studies could do search in other academic databases such as Science Direct, SCOPUS, and ERIC. Since in this study mostly proceedings were examined, further studies could focus only on articles or dissertations. The search could be done in the topic field unlike this study. In further content analyses, the keywords of online learning, distance learning, and web-based learning could be used in addition to e-learning. As for keywords regarding emotions, more specific emotions such as happiness, satisfaction, trust, boredom, anxiety, and interest could be preferred. Given the growing popularity of MOOCs and affective computing over the last decade, studies connecting these two on the ground of adaptive learning environments could be conducted. Customization arising from the applications of adaptive learning systems through the output of affective computing such as affective feedback could help solve the problems associated with MOOCs like high drop-out rates and low interaction.
This study aimed at determining the most suitable COTS games in STEAM game store for enhancing coding skills. A total of 6 COTS game amongst 1249 were selected for the study. The names of these games are 1) Human Resource Machine, 2)... more
This study aimed at determining the most suitable COTS games in STEAM game store for enhancing coding skills. A total of 6 COTS game amongst 1249 were selected for the study. The names of these games are 1) Human Resource Machine, 2) Algotica - Iteration 1, 3) Super Markup Man, 4) Screeps, 5) Glitchspace, and lastly 6) Cyber Sentinel. These final 6 COTS games are considerably inexpensive ones requiring a low minimum computer system; therefore, it could be inferred that their applicability to real learning environments such as computer laboratories are quite high. As for game quality and intrinsic motivation form, all obtained COTS games were found to be satisfactory for both in terms of game quality and intrinsic motivation. In addition to this, most of the games were found to be satisfactory in relation to problem solving and algorithmic thinking components of computational thinking concept. On this ground, it is contended that this study is beneficial by means of helping researchers and implementers in selecting proper COTS games for coding education. However, there are some drawbacks of the obtained games. Results of the study yielded that most obtained COTS games lacked of collaboration element. Because it is well known that collaboration is a key coding skill, games incorporating collaboration elements should be developed in further studies. This study is a descriptive one by nature, so experimental studies could be conducted in order to see whether COTS games contended to possess potential for coding education possess kinetic for it as well. Besides, in this study only two experts examined COTS games in STEAM game store. In the future studies, examination of games could be carried out by more experts.
Problem çözme becerisi; eğitimde bilginin transferi, otantik öğrenme ve üretmeye yapılan vurgunun artmasıyla birlikte giderek önem kazanmıştır. Bu arada işbirlikli öğrenme, bilginin öznel olarak birey tarafından yapılandırılmasının yoğun... more
Problem çözme becerisi; eğitimde bilginin transferi, otantik öğrenme ve üretmeye yapılan vurgunun artmasıyla birlikte giderek önem kazanmıştır. Bu arada işbirlikli öğrenme, bilginin öznel olarak birey tarafından yapılandırılmasının yoğun olarak kabul görülmesiyle birlikte sosyal uzlaşının sağlanabilmesi için önemli görülmeye başlanmıştır. Bu iki gelişme zamanla işbirlikli problem çözme kavramının doğmasına yol açmıştır.
Öte yandan kodlama öğretimi özellikle son on yılda oldukça önem kazanmıştır. Kodlama öğretimi temelde bilgi-işlemsel düşünmenin temelini oluşturan işbirliği, eleştirel düşünme, algoritmik düşünme, yaratıcı düşünme ve problem çözmeyi geliştirmek amacıyla tüm dünyada ilköğretim ve ortaöğretim öğretim programlarına eklenmektedir. Bu amaçla bilgisayarsız etkinlikler, blok tabanlı programlama dilleri, robotik ve oyun tabanlı öğrenme gibi yaklaşımlar kullanılmaktadır. Kodlama öğretiminde gözlenen bir başka eğilim ise eşli kodlamadır. Eşli kodlama 2000’lerin başında özellikle mühendislik alanında yoğun olarak çalışılıyorken son yıllarda bu durumun değiştiği, başka bir ifadeyle ilginin azaldığı görülmektedir. Bu ilginin azalmasının normal bir durum olmadığı söylenebilir. Çünkü eşli kodlama işbirlikli problem çözmenin kodlama öğretimine bir yansıması olarak görülebilir.
Okullardaki bilgisayar laboratuvarlarında kullanılabilecek bilgisayarlar öğrenci sayılarıyla karşılaştırıldığında yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle uygulamada bir çözüm olarak bir bilgisayar iki öğrenci tarafından kullanılmaktadır. Hatta bilgisayarlar sayıca yeterli olduğunda bile, pedagojik yararları nedeniyle bu durumun tercih edildiği görülmektedir. Ancak bu tür eşli kullanımların öğrencilerin kodlama performansına olan katkılarının incelenmesinin gerekli olduğu söylenebilir. Alanyazında eşli kodlama eşli kullanımla ilişkili olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada eşli kodlamada performansı ve motivasyonu etkileyen faktörler, grup uyumu, eşli kodlamanın artıları ve eksileri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları eşli kodlamanın sözelleştirme vasıtasıyla örtük bilgiyi açık bilgi haline getirme ve yakınsak gelişim bölgesi kavramı çerçevesinde bilgi transferini kolaylaştırması gibi artılarının bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Eşli kodlamanın ayrıca bireysel kodlamaya kıyasla daha hızlı ve daha az hatalı kodlamayı sağladığı ve kodlamayı daha eğlenceli bir hale getirdiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu noktada eşli kodlamanın kodlama performansına etkisine yönelik uygulamalı çalışmaların yapılmasının önemli olduğu söylenebilir.
E-öğrenmenin yaygınlaşmasıyla bireylerin e-öğrenmeye çeşitli açılardan hazır olup olmadıkları sorusu gündeme gelmiştir. Bu konudaki çalışmalar yoğunlukla öğrencilerin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluğu üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Bu noktada... more
E-öğrenmenin yaygınlaşmasıyla bireylerin e-öğrenmeye çeşitli açılardan hazır olup olmadıkları sorusu gündeme gelmiştir. Bu konudaki çalışmalar yoğunlukla öğrencilerin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluğu üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Bu noktada e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluk hakkındaki çalışmaların akademisyenlerin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluğuna da odaklanması gerektiği ifade edilebilir. Ancak bunun için öncelikle Türkçe alanyazında geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracının bulunması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle bu araştırma kapsamında akademisyenlerin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluğuna ilişkin bir ölçme aracı geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirme sürecinde ilk olarak ilgili alanyazın incelemesi sonucunda madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Madde havuzundaki maddelerin kapsam geçerliği ve anlaşılırlığını tespit etmek için 5 araştırma görevlisi ve 2 öğretim üyesinden dönütler alınmıştır. Madde havuzu hazırlandıktan sonra bu havuz Hacettepe Üniversitesi eğitim fakültesinin farklı bölümlerinde görev yapmakta olan 96 gönüllü akademik personele uygulanmıştır. Katılımcılar genellikle kadınlardan (f=69; %=71,9) ve araştırma görevlilerinden (f=53; %=55,2) oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin faktöriyel geçerliğini ispat etmek için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda madde havuzundan 7 madde atılmıştır. Uyum iyiliği indisleri olarak RMSEA, NFI, CFI ve IFI tercih edilmiştir. Bu uyum iyiliği indisleri sırasıyla 0,15, 0,86, 0,90 ve 0,90 değerlerini vermiştir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğini ispat etmek için ise ıraksak ve yakınsak geçerlikler hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin genel yapı güvenirliği katsayısı 0,97 olarak elde edilmiştir. Akademisyenlerin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluğu ölçeğinin kullanım özelliklerinden kısaca bahsedilirse ölçek; BİT kullanım öz yeterliği, e-öğrenmede kendine güven, e-öğrenmeye yönelik tutum ve e-öğrenmeye yönelik eğitim ihtiyacı olmak üzere 4 faktörden oluşmaktadır. 7’li likert tipindeki ölçek toplamda 35 madde içermektedir. Ölçeğin 7. seçeneği “Bana tamamen uygun” ve 1. seçeneği ise “Bana hiç uygun değil” anlamına gelmektedir. Bu çalışma sonucunda akademisyenlerin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluğu ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Advances in ICTs have rendered tremendous changes in the understanding of public administration mandatory. To keep pace with these continuous changes, governments have been trying to offer some of their services online over the last two... more
Advances in ICTs have rendered tremendous changes in the understanding of public administration mandatory. To keep pace with these continuous changes, governments have been trying to offer some of their services online over the last two decades. Governments all over Europe and world design and create comprehensive web sites to fulfill these purposes. E-government web portal in Turkey can be given as a representative example of one of these web sites.
E-Government web portal in Turkey:
E-government web portal is a comprehensive web site designed by paying attention to user needs with the aim of offering government services to the citizens. It aims to reduce institutions’ and clerks’ work load, make government services more easily available, and provide quality, fast, non-stop and secure services for all citizens. E-government web portal in Turkey came into use on 18th of January 2008. It became available on mobile platforms on 7th of October 2009. A total of 1739 services are provided with the collaboration of 289 government institutions (E-Government web portal, 2016). The number of users enrolled in the web site is over 31 million now. As for another statistics, 53.2% of the Internet users in Turkey benefit from E-government services (TUIK, 2015). The number of services and users continuously increase. With the help of these improvements, Turkey has been ranked as the 8th amongst 33 countries in terms of being user focused according to e-government measurement study (European Union, 2015, as cited in Demirel, 2016).
Usability:
With the help of proliferation of the tools that can be used, the concept of usability gained traction. ISO (International Organization for Standardization) defined usability as the extent to which a product ensures effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified context of use for achieving specified goals by specified users (ISO 9241-11, 1998). Likewise, Shneiderman and Plaisant (2004) focused more on efficiency and satisfaction components of usability. They explained the concept of usability with the time required for users to learn system to successfully carry out a specified task, retention of the information learnt during the interaction with the system, performance of the system, mistakes made by users, and users’ subjective satisfaction level. In usability studies, many different methods such as participatory-based design, expert evaluation, think aloud procedure, scales, and eye-tracking are used (Yeniad, Mazman, Tüzün, & Akbal, 2011).
Occupational health and safety (OHS) issues might be considered one of the main considerations among European countries as many employees encounter dangerous workplace conditions during work. Therefore, decision makers in these countries... more
Occupational health and safety (OHS) issues might be considered one of the main considerations among European countries as many employees encounter dangerous workplace conditions during work. Therefore, decision makers in these countries have initiated related projects to reduce the number of occupational accidents. Turkey is one of those countries that training activities have become mandatory due to a current OHS legislation amendment. In every workplace there are some OHS risks. It is well known that taking required precautions prior to occupational accidents is much more efficient and effective than doing it subsequently. In fact, only 2 percent of these OHS risks are unpreventable, whereas the remaining risks can be prevented easily (Kilkis & Demir, 2012). In Turkey, every year approximately 77.000 occupational accidents occur. More than 1000 employees lose their lives, while more than 5.000 employees become permanently disabled due to these occupational accidents (Korkmaz & Avsalli, 2012). In the institution, where this study was conducted, approximately 30.000 employees work. OHS training in the institution consists of theoretical and practical parts. In the practical part, when the necessity of gathering thousands of employees in various training centers and duration of those trainings are considered, it is obvious that OHS training activities would cost much and could cause administrative problems for the institution. Hence, the institution has decided to deliver theoretical part of the OHS training online in order to cope with this issue.
Research Interests:
Bu tez çalışmasının amacı eşli programlamada eşlerin bireysel farklılıklar açısından homojen ve heterojen olmasının grup uyumu, akış ve kodlama performansına etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda tez çalışmasında eşli... more
Bu tez çalışmasının amacı eşli programlamada eşlerin bireysel farklılıklar açısından homojen ve heterojen olmasının grup uyumu, akış ve kodlama performansına etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda tez çalışmasında eşli programlamada, eşlerin belirlenmesinde kullanılmak üzere “cinsiyet, öğrenme stili, arkadaşlık, kişilik özelliklerinden dışa dönüklük ve sorumluluk bileşenleri, kodlama öz-yeterliği ile kodlama ön bilgisi” şeklinde yedi bireysel farklılık değişkeni belirlenmiştir. Karma desende tasarlanan bu tez çalışması bir çoklu durum çalışmasıdır. Tez çalışmasının nicel kısmında son testli eşit olmayan kontrol gruplu deneysel desenden yararlanılmıştır. Tez çalışmasına, 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılı güz döneminde büyük bir devlet üniversitesinin BÖTE bölümünde seçmeli “Bilişim Yönetim Uygulaması” dersini alan 64 gönüllü 3. ve 4. sınıf lisans öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda bütün bireysel farklılık durumlarında grupların homojen veya heterojen eşleştirilmelerinden bağımsız olarak grup uyumunun ve akışın yüksek, kodlama performansının ise orta seviyede olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, öğrenme stili durumunda homojen grubun daha yüksek düzeyde akış deneyimledikleri görülmüştür. Öte yandan arkadaşlık durumunda homojen grup daha yüksek düzeyde akış deneyimlerken, heterojen grup daha yüksek düzeyde kodlama performansı ortaya koymuştur. Kişilik özelliklerinden sorumluluk bileşeni durumunda heterojen grup daha yüksek düzeyde kodlama performansı göstermiştir. Öğrenciler eşli programlamada çeşitli nedenlerle arkadaşlık ve kodlama ön bilgisi düzeyine göre homojen veya heterojen olarak eşleşmeyi tercih etmektedirler. Ayrıca, görev sorumluluğu yüksek öğrencilerle eşleşmek de tercih edilmektedir. Bu şekilde öğrenciler, daha yüksek grup uyumu, akış ve kodlama performansı elde edeceklerini düşünmektedirler. Bu bağlamda eşli programlamada akış deneyimini artırmak için öğrenme stili ve arkadaşlığa göre homojen, kodlama performansını artırmak için ise kişilik özelliklerinden sorumluluk bileşenine ve arkadaşlığa göre heterojen grupların oluşturulması önerilebilir.

In this study, the effect of homogeneous and heterogeneous pairing, in terms of individual differences, in pair programming on group compatibility, flow and coding performance were investigated. In line with this purpose, seven individual difference cases, such as “gender, learning style, friendship, extraversion and conscientiousness components of personality traits, coding self-efficacy, and coding prior-knowledge” were determined to be used for pairing in pair programming. This study, designed as a mixed study, is a multiple case one. In the quantitative part of the study, posttest only nonequivalent control group design was used. During the fall semester of 2018-2019 academic year, 64 voluntary 3rd and 4th year undergraduate students enrolled in the elective “Information Management Applications” course at the department of CEIT of a large state university. As a result of the study, high levels of group compatibility and flow, but middle-level of coding performance were reached in all individual difference cases irrespective of group’s being homogeneous or heterogeneous. Besides, it was concluded that the homogeneous group experienced higher level flow in the learning style case. In the friendship case, homogeneous group experienced higher level flow, while heterogeneous group showed higher level coding performance. It was also seen that the heterogeneous group exhibited a higher level of coding performance in the case of conscientiousness component of personality traits. Students prefer to pair as homogeneous or heterogeneous by friendship and coding prior-knowledge level in pair programming due to various reasons. In addition, they prefer to pair the ones with high task-related conscientiousness. Participant students expect to achieve higher group compatibility, flow, and coding performance in this way. In this context, in order to increase the flow experience in pair programming, it may be suggested to create homogeneous groups by the learning style and friendship, and to create heterogeneous groups by conscientiousness component of personality traits and friendship.
Gelişen Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri (BİT) ile birlikte öğretimde ve eğitimde yeni anlayışlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu anlayışların en önemlilerinden birisi e-öğrenmedir. E-öğrenme öğrenenlere bilgiyi hızlı ve ucuz bir şekilde iletmek için... more
Gelişen Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri (BİT) ile birlikte öğretimde ve eğitimde yeni anlayışlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu anlayışların en önemlilerinden birisi e-öğrenmedir. E-öğrenme öğrenenlere bilgiyi hızlı ve ucuz bir şekilde iletmek için sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu noktada öğrenenlerin ve öğreticilerin e-öğrenmeye ne kadar hazır oldukları sorusu gündeme gelmektedir. Araştırmanın temel amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin ve akademik personelinin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluk düzeylerini saptamak ve bu saptamaya dayanarak bahsi geçen iki paydaşın e-öğrenme hazır bulunuşluk düzeylerini geliştirecek önerilerde bulunmaktır.
Araştırmada iki farklı gruptan veri toplanmıştır. İlk olarak üniversite öğrencilerinden, ikinci olarak ise akademik personelden veri toplanmıştır. Üniversite öğrencisi kısmını Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 1802 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerine araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen Üniversite öğrencilerinin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluğu ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca üniversite öğrencilerine demografik bilgileri, öğrenim bilgileri yanı sıra, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kullanım tercihlerini içeren bir anket de uygulanmıştır. Akademik personeli kısmını ise Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nde görev yapan 96 akademik personel oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada akademik personele akademik personelin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluğu ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Üniversite öğrencilerinin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluğu ölçeğinde olduğu gibi akademik personele de demografik bilgilerini ve BİT kullanım tercihlerini içeren bir anket uygulanmıştır.
Araştırma kapsamında geliştirilen ölçeklere ilişkin bulgulara bakıldığında, “üniversite öğrencilerinin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluğu ölçeğinin” 33 madde ve 6 faktörden oluştuğu bulunmuştur. Bahsi geçen ölçeğin faktörleri şu şekildedir: Bilgisayar öz yeterliği, internet öz yeterliği, çevrimiçi iletişim öz yeterliği, kendi kendine öğrenme, öğrenen kontrolü ve son olarak e-öğrenmeye yönelik motivasyondur. Ölçeğin genel Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı 0,93 olarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında geliştirilen ikinci ölçek olan “akademik personelin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluğu” ölçeğinin ise 35 madde ve 4 faktörden oluştuğu bulunmuştur. Bu ölçeğin faktörleri şu şekildedir: Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kullanım öz yeterliği, e-öğrenmede kendine güven, e-öğrenmeye yönelik tutum ve e-öğrenmeye yönelik eğitim ihtiyacı. Ölçeğin genel Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı 0,92 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre üniversite öğrencilerinin e-öğrenmeye hazır olmak için gerekli fiziksel donanıma sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Üniversite öğrencileri internete en çok evlerinden bağlanmakta ve bunun için en çok dizüstü bilgisayar kullanmaktadırlar. Ayrıca üniversite öğrencileri interneti ve sosyal ağ sitelerini sık sık kullanmaktadırlar. Bunun yanında üniversite öğrencilerinin internet öz yeterlik seviyeleri oldukça yüksek iken, e-öğrenmeye yönelik motivasyonlarının düşük olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Veriler eğitim fakültesinin programlarına göre analiz edildiğinde, bilgisayar ve öğretim teknolojileri eğitimi, Alman dili eğitimi ve fizik eğitimi programlarının e-öğrenmeye hazır olan grupta yer alırken, ilköğretim matematik eğitimi ve psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik programının e-öğrenmeye hazır olmayan grupta yer aldığı görülmüştür. Üniversite öğrencilerinin sınıf düzeyine göre e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşlukları da incelenmiş ve sınıf düzeyi arttıkça üniversite öğrencilerinin e-öğrenmeye daha hazır olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. E-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluğun faktörlerinin internet kullanım amaçları ile pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki verdiği de diğer bulgular arasındadır. Akademik personele ilişkin bulgulara gelindiğinde, akademik personelin en yüksek düzeyde bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kullanım öz yeterliği faktörüne, en düşük düzeyde ise e-öğrenmede kendine güven faktörüne sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra, akademik personelin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluk düzeylerinin ünvanlara göre değişmediği belirlenmiştir.
Araştırma sonucunda üniversite öğrencilerinin ve akademik personelinin e-öğrenmeye hangi nedenlerden dolayı hazır olmadıkları belirlenmiş ve araştırmanın bulgulardan yola çıkarak üniversite rektörlüklerine ve diğer yetkili mercilere bahsi geçen iki paydaşı e-öğrenmeye daha hazır hale getirecek önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

New paradigms have recently emerged in education and instruction with the advances in information and communication technologies. Amongst these paradigms, e-learning is one of the most significant ones. E-learning is often used with the aim of delivering information to learners in a fast and cheap way. Nonetheless, at this point, the question of how much learners and teachers are ready to e-learning gains currency. Therefore, the basic purpose of the current study is to determine e-learning readiness levels of university students and academic staff and, based on this determination, make some suggestions to enhance aforementioned stakeholders’ readiness levels for e-learning.
In the current study, data were collected from two different groups. First group was university students. As for second group, it was composed of academic staff. A total of 1802 university students from Hacettepe University faculty of education constituted the group of university students. “The scale of University Students’ Readiness for E-learning” developed by author was administered to university students. Besides, a questionnaire including university students’ demographic and educational information and information and communication technologies usage preferences was administered too. When it comes to the group of academic staff, data were gathered from Hacettepe University faculty of education and 96 academicians were reached in total. “The scale of Academic Staff’s Readiness for E-learning” was administered to them. Like the previous scale, a questionnaire including demographic information and information and communication technologies usage preferences of academic staff was also administered to them.
As far as the scales developed within the scope of current study are concerned, the scale of university students’ readiness for e-learning consisted of 33 items and 6 factors. The factors of the previously mentioned scale are as follows: Computer self-efficacy, internet self-efficacy, online communication self-efficacy, self-directed learning, learner control, and finally motivation for e-learning. Overall Cronbach
Alpha reliability coefficient of the aforementioned scale was calculated to be 0.93. As for the scale of academic staff’s readiness for e-learning, the second scale developed within the scope of the current study, it was found out that it consisted of 35 items and 4 factors. Its factors are as follows: information and communication technologies usage self-efficacy, self-confidence in e-learning, attitude towards e-learning, and finally education need towards e-learning. Overall Cronbach Alpha reliability of this scale was found out as 0.92.
When it comes to the findings of the study, first, findings regarding university students were mentioned. To begin with, it was determined that university students possess physical tools required to be ready for e-learning. They connect internet mostly from their homes and to do that make us of mostly notebooks. In addition, university students often use internet and social networks. Besides, it was concluded that while their levels of internet self-efficacy were remarkably high, those of motivation were remarkably low. When the data are analyzed according to divisions of the faculty of education, it was revealed that divisions of computer education and instructional technologies, German language education, and physics education were found out to be amongst the group ready to e-learning, whereas divisions of elementary mathematics education and guidance and psychological counseling were found out to be amongst the unready group. University students’ readiness levels according to grade level were also examined, and it was concluded that the higher the grade level is the readier for e-learning university students are. It was also found that factors of readiness for e-learning yielded positive and statistically significant correlation coefficients with usage purposes of internet. As for findings pertaining to academic staff, it was first found out that the factor of information and communication technologies usage preferences was the highest one whereas self-confidence in e-learning was the lowest one. In addition to that, it was also found out that academic title has no statistically significant impact on the academic staff’s e-learning readiness level.
In the thesis, reasons as to why university students and academic staff are not ready for e-learning were determined and, based on the findings of the study, suggestions that may improve aforementioned stakeholders’ readiness for e-learning were made to the university rectorships as well as other competent authorities.
Son 20 yılda yapılandırmacı öğrenme felsefesinin yaygınlık kazanmasının bir sonucu ola-rak her öğrenci benzersiz bir birey olarak kabul edilmeye başlanmıştır. Okul hayatında başarılı olup iş hayatında başarıyı yakalayamayan ya da okul... more
Son 20 yılda yapılandırmacı öğrenme felsefesinin yaygınlık kazanmasının bir sonucu ola-rak her öğrenci benzersiz bir birey olarak kabul edilmeye başlanmıştır. Okul hayatında başarılı olup iş hayatında başarıyı yakalayamayan ya da okul hayatı boyunca başarısız olup iş hayatında başarıyı yakalayan bireylerde bireysel farklılıkların en önemli etken olduğu söylenebilir. Bu ne-denle bireysel farklılıklar öğrenme sürecinde dikkate alınması gereken önemli bir özellik küme-sidir. Bu bireysel farklılıklar arasında düşünme stilleri dikkati çekmektedir.  Bir kişinin bilgiyi öğrenirken veya öğrendiği bilgiyi kullanırken tercih ettiği yöntem olarak tanımlanan düşünme stilleri ile ilgili alanyazında çok sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Ancak, öğretmenlere yol göster-mek adına bu çalışmaların bulgularının düzenli bir şekilde ortaya koyulması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu bölümde öncelikle stil, zihinsel stil ve düşünme stili kavramlarına odaklanılmıştır. Daha sonra, düşünme süreci ile öğrenme stili ve bilişsel stil arasındaki ilişkiye değinilmiştir. Bunu takiben, düşünme stiliyle ilgili eğitim araştırmalarındaki güncel eğilimler tartışılmıştır. Son olarak, öğrencilerin düşünme stillerindeki farklılıkların öğretim sürecinde göz önünde bu-lundurulması için öğretmenlere yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Siber aylaklık, öğrenme ortamlarında BİT araçları ve internet kullanımının yaygınlaşması sonucunda önemli bir problem olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Özellikle “kendi cihazını getir” (bring your own device) uygulamasının yaygın olduğu öğrenme... more
Siber aylaklık, öğrenme ortamlarında BİT araçları ve internet kullanımının yaygınlaşması sonucunda önemli bir problem olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Özellikle “kendi cihazını getir” (bring your own device) uygulamasının yaygın olduğu öğrenme ortamlarında ve bilgisayar laboratuvarlarında siber aylaklık daha yaygın gözlemlenmektedir. Bu durum diğer öğrencilerin dikkatini dağıttığı ve sınıf yönetimini zorlaştırdığı için öğrenme verimini ve etkililiğini düşürmektedir. Ayrıca, siber aylaklık, derslerde BİT araçları kullanımına ve dolayısıyla öğrenme süreçlerine BİT entegrasyonuna karşı, eğitimcilerin (öğretmenler, öğretim elemanları vb.) ve yöneticilerin olumsuz tutum geliştirmesine neden olmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bazı öğrenme ortamlarında BİT araçlarının kullanımı tamamen yasaklanabilmektedir. Bu ise öğrenme süreçlerine BİT entegrasyonunu gerektiren bazı yenilikçi yöntemlerin öğrenme ortamlarında denenmesini/kullanmasını imkansız kılarak eğitimde yenilikçiliğin önünü kesmektedir. Bu bağlamda, eğitsel ortamlarda siber aylaklık davranışlarının en aza indirilmesi gerektiği açıktır. Bu nedenle, bu alanyazın taraması kapsamında siber aylaklık kavramını tanıtmak ve siber aylaklıkla mücadele etmek için eğitimcilere önerilerde bulunmak hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle siber aylaklığın ne olduğuna odaklanılmış, sonra siber aylaklığın neden önemli bir problem olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Bunu takiben, siber aylaklığın boyutları ve türlerinden bahsedilmiştir. Daha sonra, siber aylaklık davranışının ölçülmesi ve nedenlerine değinilmiştir. Çalışmanın kuramsal kısmının sonunda, eğitimcilere, siber aylaklık davranışlarını nasıl en aza indirilebileceklerine ilişkin önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Siber aylaklıkla ilgili kuramsal bilgilerden sonra, bu çalışma kapsamında gerçekleştirilen siber aylaklıkla ilgili bir uygulamaya kısaca yer verilmiştir.
Eleştirel, yaratıcı, yansıtıcı, analitik, mantıklı vb. düşünme becerileri eğitimin bireye sağlayacağı önemli kazanımlardandır. 1960'lardan beri farklı isimler altında gündemde olan bilgi-işlemsel düşünme becerisi de bireylere... more
Eleştirel, yaratıcı, yansıtıcı, analitik, mantıklı vb. düşünme becerileri eğitimin bireye sağlayacağı önemli kazanımlardandır. 1960'lardan beri farklı isimler altında gündemde olan bilgi-işlemsel düşünme becerisi de bireylere kazandırılması gereken düşünme becerileri arasında yer almaktadır. Bilgi-işlemsel düşünme becerisini diğer düşünme becerilerinden ayıran en önemli özellik bilgi-işlemsel düşünmenin insanların bilgisayarlarla işbirliği yapmalarına izin vermesidir. Bu nedenle özellikle 2000'li yıllardan sonra teknolojinin de gelişmesi ile bilgi-işlemsel düşünme daha çok mercek altına alınmaya başlanmıştır. Ancak bilgi-işlemsel düşünmenin eğitsel doğurgularının hala net bir şekilde anlaşılamadığı görülmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma kapsamında bilgi-işlemsel düşünme ile ilgili bir alanyazın taraması yapılmıştır. Bu alanyazın taraması, ilk olarak bilgi-işlemsel düşünmenin tanımına, bilgi-işlemsel düşünmeye yönelik eleştirilere ve bilgi-işlemsel düşünme kavramının tarihteki gelişimine odaklanmaktadır. Bilgi-işlemsel düşünmenin eğitim ve oyun tabanlı öğrenme yöntemi ile ilişkisi, bilgi-işlemsel düşünmenin ölçülmesi ve zihinsel süreçler ile nasıl bir ilişki içerisinde olduğu bu alanyazın taramasının odaklandığı diğer konulardandır. Bu çalışmanın son bölümünde bilgi-işlemsel düşünme ile ilgili çalışmaların hangi yöne evrilmesi, bilgi-işlemsel düşünmenin nasıl ölçülmesi ve öğretilmesi gerektiğine yönelik önerilerde de bulunulmuştur.
In the pandemic period we are currently in, online education has replaced face-to-face learning activities on a global scale. Institutions that pursue online education programs commonly assume that online learners are ready for this mode... more
In the pandemic period we are currently in, online education has replaced face-to-face learning activities on a global scale. Institutions that pursue online education programs commonly assume that online learners are ready for this mode of learning. However, online education programs attract attention due to their remarkably high drop-out rates. This begs the question as to why some students are more able to benefit from online education, and demands to reveal the underlying reasons for such a situation. In this regard, the present study explores students' e-readiness for the changeover phase to online education, and how this differs in terms of a range of variables. 428 volunteer undergraduate students from 59 departments across 33 universities in Turkey were recruited to the study. The data collection tools consist of a personal information form and an online education readiness scale. The results indicate that university students' readiness levels for online education we...